Attempts to resolve #28720.

---

Note that I am not a Gitea administrator so I don't normally use the
gitea CLI. Just saw this issue and wanted an opportunity to understand
how this subcommand works and see if I can add this feature :^)

I tested both with `--skip-db` and without and it appears to not add any
database-specific files to the generated archive i.e. I don't see a
`gitea-db.sql` or `gitea.db` file:
```console
$ TAGS="bindata sqlite sqlite_unlock_notify" make backend
Running go generate...
bindata for migration already up-to-date
bindata for options already up-to-date
bindata for public already up-to-date
bindata for templates already up-to-date
$ ./gitea dump --skip-db
2024/04/20 01:16:11 ...s/setting/session.go:77:loadSessionFrom() [I] Session Service Enabled
2024/04/20 01:16:11 ...s/storage/storage.go:176:initAttachments() [I] Initialising Attachment storage with type: local
2024/04/20 01:16:11 ...les/storage/local.go:33:NewLocalStorage() [I] Creating new Local Storage at /workspaces/gitea/data/attachments
2024/04/20 01:16:11 ...s/storage/storage.go:166:initAvatars() [I] Initialising Avatar storage with type: local
2024/04/20 01:16:11 ...les/storage/local.go:33:NewLocalStorage() [I] Creating new Local Storage at /workspaces/gitea/data/avatars
2024/04/20 01:16:11 ...s/storage/storage.go:192:initRepoAvatars() [I] Initialising Repository Avatar storage with type: local
2024/04/20 01:16:11 ...les/storage/local.go:33:NewLocalStorage() [I] Creating new Local Storage at /workspaces/gitea/data/repo-avatars
2024/04/20 01:16:11 ...s/storage/storage.go:186:initLFS() [I] Initialising LFS storage with type: local
2024/04/20 01:16:11 ...les/storage/local.go:33:NewLocalStorage() [I] Creating new Local Storage at /workspaces/gitea/data/lfs
2024/04/20 01:16:11 ...s/storage/storage.go:198:initRepoArchives() [I] Initialising Repository Archive storage with type: local
2024/04/20 01:16:11 ...les/storage/local.go:33:NewLocalStorage() [I] Creating new Local Storage at /workspaces/gitea/data/repo-archive
2024/04/20 01:16:11 ...s/storage/storage.go:208:initPackages() [I] Initialising Packages storage with type: local
2024/04/20 01:16:11 ...les/storage/local.go:33:NewLocalStorage() [I] Creating new Local Storage at /workspaces/gitea/data/packages
2024/04/20 01:16:11 ...s/storage/storage.go:219:initActions() [I] Initialising Actions storage with type: local
2024/04/20 01:16:11 ...les/storage/local.go:33:NewLocalStorage() [I] Creating new Local Storage at /workspaces/gitea/data/actions_log
2024/04/20 01:16:11 ...s/storage/storage.go:223:initActions() [I] Initialising ActionsArtifacts storage with type: local
2024/04/20 01:16:11 ...les/storage/local.go:33:NewLocalStorage() [I] Creating new Local Storage at /workspaces/gitea/data/actions_artifacts
2024/04/20 01:16:11 cmd/dump.go:172:runDump() [I] Dumping local repositories... /workspaces/gitea/data/gitea-repositories
2024/04/20 01:16:11 cmd/dump.go:195:runDump() [I] Skipping database
2024/04/20 01:16:11 cmd/dump.go:229:runDump() [I] Adding custom configuration file from /workspaces/gitea/custom/conf/app.ini
2024/04/20 01:16:11 cmd/dump.go:256:runDump() [I] Packing data directory.../workspaces/gitea/data
2024/04/20 01:16:11 cmd/dump.go:335:runDump() [I] Finish dumping in file /workspaces/gitea/gitea-dump-1713575771.zip
$ unzip /workspaces/gitea/gitea-dump-1713575771.zip -d example
Archive:  /workspaces/gitea/gitea-dump-1713575771.zip
. . .
$ ls example/
app.ini  custom  data  repos
$ ls example/data/
actions_artifacts  actions_log  avatars  home  indexers  jwt  queues  repo-archive  repo-avatars  tmp
```

Co-authored-by: Giteabot <teabot@gitea.io>

Major changes:

* Move some functions like "addReader" / "isSubDir" /
"addRecursiveExclude" to a separate package, and add tests
* Clarify the filename&dump type logic and add tests
* Clarify the logger behavior and remove FIXME comments

Co-authored-by: Giteabot <teabot@gitea.io>

Hi,

This PR fixes #27988. The use of `path.join`(which uses `/` as the file
separator) to construct paths and comparing them with paths constructed
using `filepath.join`(which uses platform specific file separator) is
the root cause of this issue.

The desired behavior is to ignore attachments when dumping data
directory. Due to the what's mentioned above, the function
`addRecursiveExclude` is not actually ignoring the attachments directory
and is being written to the archive. The attachment directory is again
added to the archive (with different file separator as mentioned in the
issue) causing a duplicate entry on windows.

The solution is to use `filepath.join` in `addResursiveExclude` to
construct `currentAbsPath`.

clarify aspects of the dump command

Possibly closes #26862

---------

Co-authored-by: delvh <dev.lh@web.de>

Replace #10912

And there are many new tests to cover the CLI behavior

There were some concerns about the "option order in hook scripts"
(https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/pull/10912#issuecomment-1137543314),
it's not a problem now. Because the hook script uses `/gitea hook
--config=/app.ini pre-receive` format. The "config" is a global option,
it can appear anywhere.

----

## ⚠️ BREAKING ⚠️

This PR does it best to avoid breaking anything. The major changes are:

* `gitea` itself won't accept web's options: `--install-port` / `--pid`
/ `--port` / `--quiet` / `--verbose` .... They are `web` sub-command's
options.
    * Use `./gitea web --pid ....` instead
* `./gitea` can still run the `web` sub-command as shorthand, with
default options
* The sub-command's options must follow the sub-command
* Before: `./gitea --sub-opt subcmd` might equal to `./gitea subcmd
--sub-opt` (well, might not ...)
    * After: only `./gitea subcmd --sub-opt` could be used
    * The global options like `--config` are not affected

Result of running `perl -p -i -e 's#interface\{\}#any#g' **/*` and `make fmt`.

Basically the same [as golang did](2580d0e08d).

# The problem

There were many "path tricks":

* By default, Gitea uses its program directory as its work path
* Gitea tries to use the "work path" to guess its "custom path" and
"custom conf (app.ini)"
* Users might want to use other directories as work path
* The non-default work path should be passed to Gitea by GITEA_WORK_DIR
or "--work-path"
* But some Gitea processes are started without these values
    * The "serv" process started by OpenSSH server
    * The CLI sub-commands started by site admin
* The paths are guessed by SetCustomPathAndConf again and again
* The default values of "work path / custom path / custom conf" can be
changed when compiling

# The solution

* Use `InitWorkPathAndCommonConfig` to handle these path tricks, and use
test code to cover its behaviors.
* When Gitea's web server runs, write the WORK_PATH to "app.ini", this
value must be the most correct one, because if this value is not right,
users would find that the web UI doesn't work and then they should be
able to fix it.
* Then all other sub-commands can use the WORK_PATH in app.ini to
initialize their paths.
* By the way, when Gitea starts for git protocol, it shouldn't output
any log, otherwise the git protocol gets broken and client blocks
forever.

The "work path" priority is: WORK_PATH in app.ini > cmd arg --work-path
> env var GITEA_WORK_DIR > builtin default

The "app.ini" searching order is: cmd arg --config > cmd arg "work path
/ custom path" > env var "work path / custom path" > builtin default


## ⚠️ BREAKING

If your instance's "work path / custom path / custom conf" doesn't meet
the requirements (eg: work path must be absolute), Gitea will report a
fatal error and exit. You need to set these values according to the
error log.



----

Close #24818
Close #24222
Close #21606
Close #21498
Close #25107
Close #24981
Maybe close #24503

Replace #23301
Replace #22754

And maybe more

Follow up #22405

Fix #20703 

This PR rewrites storage configuration read sequences with some breaks
and tests. It becomes more strict than before and also fixed some
inherit problems.

- Move storage's MinioConfig struct into setting, so after the
configuration loading, the values will be stored into the struct but not
still on some section.
- All storages configurations should be stored on one section,
configuration items cannot be overrided by multiple sections. The
prioioty of configuration is `[attachment]` > `[storage.attachments]` |
`[storage.customized]` > `[storage]` > `default`
- For extra override configuration items, currently are `SERVE_DIRECT`,
`MINIO_BASE_PATH`, `MINIO_BUCKET`, which could be configured in another
section. The prioioty of the override configuration is `[attachment]` >
`[storage.attachments]` > `default`.
- Add more tests for storages configurations.
- Update the storage documentations.

---------

Co-authored-by: wxiaoguang <wxiaoguang@gmail.com>

## ⚠️ Breaking

The `log.<mode>.<logger>` style config has been dropped. If you used it,
please check the new config manual & app.example.ini to make your
instance output logs as expected.

Although many legacy options still work, it's encouraged to upgrade to
the new options.

The SMTP logger is deleted because SMTP is not suitable to collect logs.

If you have manually configured Gitea log options, please confirm the
logger system works as expected after upgrading.

## Description

Close #12082 and maybe more log-related issues, resolve some related
FIXMEs in old code (which seems unfixable before)

Just like rewriting queue #24505 : make code maintainable, clear legacy
bugs, and add the ability to support more writers (eg: JSON, structured
log)

There is a new document (with examples): `logging-config.en-us.md`

This PR is safer than the queue rewriting, because it's just for
logging, it won't break other logic.

## The old problems

The logging system is quite old and difficult to maintain:
* Unclear concepts: Logger, NamedLogger, MultiChannelledLogger,
SubLogger, EventLogger, WriterLogger etc
* Some code is diffuclt to konw whether it is right:
`log.DelNamedLogger("console")` vs `log.DelNamedLogger(log.DEFAULT)` vs
`log.DelLogger("console")`
* The old system heavily depends on ini config system, it's difficult to
create new logger for different purpose, and it's very fragile.
* The "color" trick is difficult to use and read, many colors are
unnecessary, and in the future structured log could help
* It's difficult to add other log formats, eg: JSON format
* The log outputer doesn't have full control of its goroutine, it's
difficult to make outputer have advanced behaviors
* The logs could be lost in some cases: eg: no Fatal error when using
CLI.
* Config options are passed by JSON, which is quite fragile.
* INI package makes the KEY in `[log]` section visible in `[log.sub1]`
and `[log.sub1.subA]`, this behavior is quite fragile and would cause
more unclear problems, and there is no strong requirement to support
`log.<mode>.<logger>` syntax.


## The new design

See `logger.go` for documents.


## Screenshot

<details>


![image](https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/assets/2114189/4462d713-ba39-41f5-bb08-de912e67e1ff)


![image](https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/assets/2114189/b188035e-f691-428b-8b2d-ff7b2199b2f9)


![image](https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/assets/2114189/132e9745-1c3b-4e00-9e0d-15eaea495dee)

</details>

## TODO

* [x] add some new tests
* [x] fix some tests
* [x] test some sub-commands (manually ....)

---------

Co-authored-by: Jason Song <i@wolfogre.com>
Co-authored-by: delvh <dev.lh@web.de>
Co-authored-by: Giteabot <teabot@gitea.io>

This PR will merge 3 Init functions on setting packages as 1 and
introduce an options struct.

Fixes: #19687

The --quiet options to gitea dump silences informational and less
important messages, but will still log warnings and errors to console.
Very useful in combination with cron backups and '-f -'.

Since --verbose and --quiet are incompatible with each other I made it
an error to specify both. To get the error message to be printed to
stderr I had to make this test after the NewServices()-call, which is
why there are three new blocks of code instead of two.

Close #23622 

As described in the issue, disabling the LFS/Package settings will cause
errors when running `gitea dump` or `gitea doctor`. We need to check the
settings and the related operations should be skipped if the settings
are disabled.

Co-authored-by: Lunny Xiao <xiaolunwen@gmail.com>

Support to iterator subdirectory in ObjectStorage for
ObjectStorage.Iterator method.

It's required for https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/pull/22738 to make
artifact files cleanable.

---------

Co-authored-by: Jason Song <i@wolfogre.com>
Co-authored-by: Lunny Xiao <xiaolunwen@gmail.com>

Replace #23350.

Refactor `setting.Database.UseMySQL` to
`setting.Database.Type.IsMySQL()`.

To avoid mismatching between `Type` and `UseXXX`.

This refactor can fix the bug mentioned in #23350, so it should be
backported.

There was no `dbDump.Close()` before, Windows doesn't like to delete
opened files.

Some bugs caused by less unit tests in fundamental packages. This PR
refactor `setting` package so that create a unit test will be easier
than before.

- All `LoadFromXXX` files has been splited as two functions, one is
`InitProviderFromXXX` and `LoadCommonSettings`. The first functions will
only include the code to create or new a ini file. The second function
will load common settings.
- It also renames all functions in setting from `newXXXService` to
`loadXXXSetting` or `loadXXXFrom` to make the function name less
confusing.
- Move `XORMLog` to `SQLLog` because it's a better name for that.

Maybe we should finally move these `loadXXXSetting` into the `XXXInit`
function? Any idea?

---------

Co-authored-by: 6543 <6543@obermui.de>
Co-authored-by: delvh <dev.lh@web.de>

- Move the file `compare.go` and `slice.go` to `slice.go`.
- Fix `ExistsInSlice`, it's buggy
  - It uses `sort.Search`, so it assumes that the input slice is sorted.
- It passes `func(i int) bool { return slice[i] == target })` to
`sort.Search`, that's incorrect, check the doc of `sort.Search`.
- Conbine `IsInt64InSlice(int64, []int64)` and `ExistsInSlice(string,
[]string)` to `SliceContains[T]([]T, T)`.
- Conbine `IsSliceInt64Eq([]int64, []int64)` and `IsEqualSlice([]string,
[]string)` to `SliceSortedEqual[T]([]T, T)`.
- Add `SliceEqual[T]([]T, T)` as a distinction from
`SliceSortedEqual[T]([]T, T)`.
- Redesign `RemoveIDFromList([]int64, int64) ([]int64, bool)` to
`SliceRemoveAll[T]([]T, T) []T`.
- Add `SliceContainsFunc[T]([]T, func(T) bool)` and
`SliceRemoveAllFunc[T]([]T, func(T) bool)` for general use.
- Add comments to explain why not `golang.org/x/exp/slices`.
- Add unit tests.

Change all license headers to comply with REUSE specification.

Fix #16132

Co-authored-by: flynnnnnnnnnn <flynnnnnnnnnn@github>
Co-authored-by: John Olheiser <john.olheiser@gmail.com>

closes #20683

Add an option to gitea dump to skip the bleve indexes, which can become
quite large (in my case the same size as the repo's) and can be
regenerated after restore.

Co-authored-by: Lunny Xiao <xiaolunwen@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: zeripath <art27@cantab.net>

- Add `.tar.zst` as supported output type.
- Resolves #14290

* Added addReader to support verbose.

* Allow skipping packages.

* Updated docs.

* Update cmd/dump.go

Co-authored-by: wxiaoguang <wxiaoguang@gmail.com>

Co-authored-by: 6543 <6543@obermui.de>
Co-authored-by: wxiaoguang <wxiaoguang@gmail.com>

* When dumping trim the standard suffices instead of a random suffix

Instead of using the `path.Ext()` to trim the last "extension" suffix, just iterate
through the supported suffices and trim those.

Fix #19424

Signed-off-by: Andrew Thornton <art27@cantab.net>

* fix enum with to have correct supported types only

Co-authored-by: 6543 <6543@obermui.de>

* gofumpt -w -l .

* gofumpt -w -l -extra .

* Add linter

* manual fix

* change make fmt

Remove repeated type declarations in function definitions.

- Force to output the dump file to use the given `--type`.
- Resolves #17959

* Improve install code to avoid low-level mistakes.

If a user tries to do a re-install in a Gitea database, they gets a warning and double check.
When Gitea runs, it never create empty app.ini automatically.

Also some small (related) refactoring:

* Refactor db.InitEngine related logic make it more clean (especially for the install code)
* Move some i18n strings out from setting.go to make the setting.go can be easily maintained.
* Show errors in CLI code if an incorrect app.ini is used.
* APP_DATA_PATH is created when installing, and checked when starting (no empty directory is created any more).

* Fix bug on admin subcommand

* Add signals for all initDB

Co-authored-by: Lauris BH <lauris@nix.lv>

* Rename db Engines related functions

Co-authored-by: wxiaoguang <wxiaoguang@gmail.com>

The io/ioutil package has been deprecated as of Go 1.16, see
https://golang.org/doc/go1.16#ioutil. This commit replaces the existing
io/ioutil functions with their new definitions in io and os packages.

Signed-off-by: Eng Zer Jun <engzerjun@gmail.com>

Co-authored-by: techknowlogick <techknowlogick@gitea.io>

* Move db related basic functions to models/db

* Fix lint

* Fix lint

* Fix test

* Fix lint

* Fix lint

* revert unnecessary change

* Fix test

* Fix wrong replace string

* Use *Context

* Correct committer spelling and fix wrong replaced words

Co-authored-by: zeripath <art27@cantab.net>

* Add an abstract json layout to make it's easier to change json library

* Fix import

* Fix import sequence

* Fix blank lines

* Fix blank lines

* Fix various doc, user-facing, and source comment typos

Found via `codespell -q 3 -S ./options/locale,./vendor -L ba,pullrequest,pullrequests,readby`

* Add option to skip dumping LFS/attachment files

* Fix fmt issues

Co-authored-by: Lunny Xiao <xiaolunwen@gmail.com>

* Migrate to use jsoniter

* fix tests

* update gitea.com/go-chi/binding

Signed-off-by: Andrew Thornton <art27@cantab.net>
Co-authored-by: 6543 <6543@obermui.de>

* Exclude the current dump file from the dump

Always prevent the current file from being added to the dump.

Fix #13618

Signed-off-by: Andrew Thornton <art27@cantab.net>

* Add skip custom directory option

Signed-off-by: Andrew Thornton <art27@cantab.net>

* placate lint

Signed-off-by: Andrew Thornton <art27@cantab.net>

Co-authored-by: 6543 <6543@obermui.de>

Use [chi](https://github.com/go-chi/chi) instead of the forked [macaron](https://gitea.com/macaron/macaron). Since macaron and chi have conflicts with session share, this big PR becomes a have-to thing. According my previous idea, we can replace macaron step by step but I'm wrong. :( Below is a list of big changes on this PR.

- [x] Define `context.ResponseWriter` interface with an implementation `context.Response`.
- [x] Use chi instead of macaron, and also a customize `Route` to wrap chi so that the router usage is similar as before.
- [x] Create different routers for `web`, `api`, `internal` and `install` so that the codes will be more clear and no magic .
- [x] Use https://github.com/unrolled/render instead of macaron's internal render
- [x] Use https://github.com/NYTimes/gziphandler instead of https://gitea.com/macaron/gzip
- [x] Use https://gitea.com/go-chi/session which is a modified version of https://gitea.com/macaron/session and removed `nodb` support since it will not be maintained. **BREAK**
- [x] Use https://gitea.com/go-chi/captcha which is a modified version of https://gitea.com/macaron/captcha
- [x] Use https://gitea.com/go-chi/cache which is a modified version of https://gitea.com/macaron/cache
- [x] Use https://gitea.com/go-chi/binding which is a modified version of https://gitea.com/macaron/binding
- [x] Use https://github.com/go-chi/cors instead of https://gitea.com/macaron/cors
- [x] Dropped https://gitea.com/macaron/i18n and make a new one in `code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/translation`
- [x] Move validation form structs from `code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/auth` to `code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/forms` to avoid dependency cycle.
- [x] Removed macaron log service because it's not need any more. **BREAK**
- [x] All form structs have to be get by `web.GetForm(ctx)` in the route function but not as a function parameter on routes definition.
- [x] Move Git HTTP protocol implementation to use routers directly.
- [x] Fix the problem that chi routes don't support trailing slash but macaron did.
- [x] `/api/v1/swagger` now will be redirect to `/api/swagger` but not render directly so that `APIContext` will not create a html render. 

Notices:
- Chi router don't support request with trailing slash
- Integration test `TestUserHeatmap` maybe mysql version related. It's failed on my macOS(mysql 5.7.29 installed via brew) but succeed on CI.

Co-authored-by: 6543 <6543@obermui.de>

* Ensure errors from IsDir propagate

* Handle errors when checking IsFile

* Handle and propagate errors from IsExist

* Update modules/templates/static.go

* Update modules/templates/static.go

* Return after ctx.ServerError

* Apply suggestions from code review

* Fix tests

The previous merge managed to break repo_form.go

Signed-off-by: Andrew Thornton <art27@cantab.net>

Co-authored-by: techknowlogick <techknowlogick@gitea.io>
Co-authored-by: Lauris BH <lauris@nix.lv>

Signed-off-by: Andrew Thornton <art27@cantab.net>
Co-authored-by: zeripath <art27@cantab.net>

* gitea dump: include version

* Check InstallLock (close #12759)

* fix test

* fix lint

Replace all calls to os.Remove/os.RemoveAll by retrying util.Remove/util.RemoveAll and remove circular dependencies from util.

Fix #12339

Signed-off-by: Andrew Thornton <art27@cantab.net>
Co-authored-by: silverwind <me@silverwind.io>

* Dump: Use mholt/archive/v3 to support tar including many compressions

Signed-off-by: Philipp Homann <homann.philipp@googlemail.com>

* Dump: Allow dump output to stdout

Signed-off-by: Philipp Homann <homann.philipp@googlemail.com>

* Dump: Fixed bug present since #6677 where SessionConfig.Provider is never "file"

Signed-off-by: Philipp Homann <homann.philipp@googlemail.com>

* Dump: never pack RepoRootPath, LFS.ContentPath and LogRootPath when they are below AppDataPath

Signed-off-by: Philipp Homann <homann.philipp@googlemail.com>

* Dump: also dump LFS (fixes #10058)

Signed-off-by: Philipp Homann <homann.philipp@googlemail.com>

* Dump: never dump CustomPath if CustomPath is a subdir of or equal to AppDataPath (fixes #10365)

Signed-off-by: Philipp Homann <homann.philipp@googlemail.com>

* Use log.Info instead of fmt.Fprintf

Signed-off-by: Philipp Homann <homann.philipp@googlemail.com>

* import ordering

* make fmt

Co-authored-by: zeripath <art27@cantab.net>
Co-authored-by: techknowlogick <techknowlogick@gitea.io>
Co-authored-by: Matti R <matti@mdranta.net>

This is a boolean flag; simply checking if it's set isn't enough, we must check the value as well.

Co-authored-by: Lunny Xiao <xiaolunwen@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: techknowlogick <techknowlogick@gitea.io>

Not all dumps need to include the logs, in a similar vain to not all dumps
needing to include repositories; these may be subject to different backup
mechanisms/constraints. Add a simple option to let them be excluded from the
dump to simplify workflows that need to exclude them or not collect in the
first place.

Co-authored-by: techknowlogick <techknowlogick@gitea.io>
Co-authored-by: zeripath <art27@cantab.net>

* Fixed errors logging in dump.go

* Replaced overlooked log.Fatal() with fatal()

* Run make fmt on dump.go

* Added missing new line to the fatal log

* Run make fmt on dump.go

* move database settings from models to setting

* update docs

* fix checkout pr

* fix tests

* fix lint

* remove unsupported tidb options

* correct wrong variable name

* remove tidb totally

Signed-off-by: Tamal Saha <tamal@appscode.com>

* Change verbose flag to avoid colliding with version flag
* Update docs

Signed-off-by: jolheiser <john.olheiser@gmail.com>