jackcess/src/main/java/com/healthmarketscience/jackcess/impl/FKEnforcer.java

/*
Copyright (c) 2012 James Ahlborn

Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
You may obtain a copy of the License at

    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
limitations under the License.
*/

package com.healthmarketscience.jackcess.impl;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Set;
import java.util.TreeSet;

import com.healthmarketscience.jackcess.Column;
import com.healthmarketscience.jackcess.ConstraintViolationException;
import com.healthmarketscience.jackcess.Index;
import com.healthmarketscience.jackcess.IndexCursor;
import com.healthmarketscience.jackcess.Row;
import com.healthmarketscience.jackcess.Table;
import com.healthmarketscience.jackcess.util.CaseInsensitiveColumnMatcher;
import com.healthmarketscience.jackcess.util.ColumnMatcher;
import com.healthmarketscience.jackcess.util.Joiner;

/**
 * Utility class used by Table to enforce foreign-key relationships (if
 * enabled).
 *
 * @author James Ahlborn
 * @usage _advanced_class_
 */
final class FKEnforcer 
{
  // fk constraints always work with indexes, which are always
  // case-insensitive
  private static final ColumnMatcher MATCHER =
    CaseInsensitiveColumnMatcher.INSTANCE;

  private final TableImpl _table;
  private final List<ColumnImpl> _cols;
  private List<Joiner> _primaryJoinersChkUp;
  private List<Joiner> _primaryJoinersChkDel;
  private List<Joiner> _primaryJoinersDoUp;
  private List<Joiner> _primaryJoinersDoDel;
  private List<Joiner> _secondaryJoiners;

  FKEnforcer(TableImpl table) {
    _table = table;

    // at this point, only init the index columns
    Set<ColumnImpl> cols = new TreeSet<ColumnImpl>();
    for(IndexImpl idx : _table.getIndexes()) {
      IndexImpl.ForeignKeyReference ref = idx.getReference();
      if(ref != null) {
        // compile an ordered list of all columns in this table which are
        // involved in foreign key relationships with other tables
        for(IndexData.ColumnDescriptor iCol : idx.getColumns()) {
          cols.add(iCol.getColumn());
        }
      }
    }
    _cols = !cols.isEmpty() ?
      Collections.unmodifiableList(new ArrayList<ColumnImpl>(cols)) :
      Collections.<ColumnImpl>emptyList();
  }

  /**
   * Does secondary initialization, if necessary.
   */
  private void initialize() throws IOException {
    if(_secondaryJoiners != null) {
      // already initialized
      return;
    }

    // initialize all the joiners
    _primaryJoinersChkUp = new ArrayList<Joiner>(1);
    _primaryJoinersChkDel = new ArrayList<Joiner>(1);
    _primaryJoinersDoUp = new ArrayList<Joiner>(1);
    _primaryJoinersDoDel = new ArrayList<Joiner>(1);
    _secondaryJoiners = new ArrayList<Joiner>(1);

    for(IndexImpl idx : _table.getIndexes()) {
      IndexImpl.ForeignKeyReference ref = idx.getReference();
      if(ref != null) {

        Joiner joiner = Joiner.create(idx);
        if(ref.isPrimaryTable()) {
          if(ref.isCascadeUpdates()) {
            _primaryJoinersDoUp.add(joiner);
          } else {
            _primaryJoinersChkUp.add(joiner);
          }
          if(ref.isCascadeDeletes()) {
            _primaryJoinersDoDel.add(joiner);
          } else {
            _primaryJoinersChkDel.add(joiner);
          }
        } else {
          _secondaryJoiners.add(joiner);
        }
      }
    }
  }

  /**
   * Handles foregn-key constraints when adding a row.
   *
   * @param row new row in the Table's row format, including all values used
   *            in any foreign-key relationships
   */
  public void addRow(Object[] row) throws IOException {
    if(!enforcing()) {
      return;
    }
    initialize();

    for(Joiner joiner : _secondaryJoiners) {
      requirePrimaryValues(joiner, row);
    }
  }

  /**
   * Handles foregn-key constraints when updating a row.
   *
   * @param oldRow old row in the Table's row format, including all values
   *               used in any foreign-key relationships
   * @param newRow new row in the Table's row format, including all values
   *               used in any foreign-key relationships
   */
  public void updateRow(Object[] oldRow, Object[] newRow) throws IOException {
    if(!enforcing()) {
      return;
    }

    if(!anyUpdates(oldRow, newRow)) {
      // no changes were made to any relevant columns
      return;
    }

    initialize();

    SharedState ss = _table.getDatabase().getFKEnforcerSharedState();
    
    if(ss.isUpdating()) {
      // we only check the primary relationships for the "top-level" of an
      // update operation.  in nested levels we are only ever changing the fk
      // values themselves, so we always know the new values are valid.
      for(Joiner joiner : _secondaryJoiners) {
        if(anyUpdates(joiner, oldRow, newRow)) {
          requirePrimaryValues(joiner, newRow);
        }
      }
    }

    ss.pushUpdate();
    try {

      // now, check the tables for which we are the primary table in the
      // relationship (but not cascading)
      for(Joiner joiner : _primaryJoinersChkUp) {
        if(anyUpdates(joiner, oldRow, newRow)) {
          requireNoSecondaryValues(joiner, oldRow);
        }
      }

      // lastly, update the tables for which we are the primary table in the
      // relationship
      for(Joiner joiner : _primaryJoinersDoUp) {
        if(anyUpdates(joiner, oldRow, newRow)) {
          updateSecondaryValues(joiner, oldRow, newRow);
        }
      }

    } finally {
      ss.popUpdate();
    }
  }

  /**
   * Handles foregn-key constraints when deleting a row.
   *
   * @param row old row in the Table's row format, including all values used
   *            in any foreign-key relationships
   */
  public void deleteRow(Object[] row) throws IOException {
    if(!enforcing()) {
      return;
    }
    initialize();

    // first, check the tables for which we are the primary table in the
    // relationship (but not cascading)
    for(Joiner joiner : _primaryJoinersChkDel) {
      requireNoSecondaryValues(joiner, row);
    }

    // lastly, delete from the tables for which we are the primary table in
    // the relationship
    for(Joiner joiner : _primaryJoinersDoDel) {
      joiner.deleteRows(row);
    }
  }

  private static void requirePrimaryValues(Joiner joiner, Object[] row) 
    throws IOException 
  {
    // ensure that the relevant rows exist in the primary tables for which
    // this table is a secondary table.
    if(!joiner.hasRows(row)) {
      throw new ConstraintViolationException(
          "Adding new row " + Arrays.asList(row) + " violates constraint " +
          joiner.toFKString());
    }
  }

  private static void requireNoSecondaryValues(Joiner joiner, Object[] row) 
    throws IOException 
  {
    // ensure that no rows exist in the secondary table for which this table is
    // the primary table.
    if(joiner.hasRows(row)) {
      throw new ConstraintViolationException(
          "Removing old row " + Arrays.asList(row) + " violates constraint " +
          joiner.toFKString());
    }
  }

  private static void updateSecondaryValues(Joiner joiner, Object[] oldFromRow,
                                            Object[] newFromRow)
    throws IOException
  {
    IndexCursor toCursor = joiner.getToCursor();
    List<? extends Index.Column> fromCols = joiner.getColumns();
    List<? extends Index.Column> toCols = joiner.getToIndex().getColumns();
    Object[] toRow = new Object[joiner.getToTable().getColumnCount()];

    for(Iterator<Row> iter = joiner.findRows(oldFromRow)
          .setColumnNames(Collections.<String>emptySet())
          .iterator(); iter.hasNext(); ) {
      iter.next();

      // create update row for "to" table
      Arrays.fill(toRow, Column.KEEP_VALUE);
      for(int i = 0; i < fromCols.size(); ++i) {
        Object val = fromCols.get(i).getColumn().getRowValue(newFromRow);
        toCols.get(i).getColumn().setRowValue(toRow, val);
      }

      toCursor.updateCurrentRow(toRow);
    }
  }

  private boolean anyUpdates(Object[] oldRow, Object[] newRow) {
    for(ColumnImpl col : _cols) {
      if(!MATCHER.matches(_table, col.getName(),
                          col.getRowValue(oldRow), col.getRowValue(newRow))) {
        return true;
      }
    }
    return false;
  }

  private static boolean anyUpdates(Joiner joiner,Object[] oldRow, 
                                    Object[] newRow)
  {
    Table fromTable = joiner.getFromTable();
    for(Index.Column iCol : joiner.getColumns()) {
      Column col = iCol.getColumn();
      if(!MATCHER.matches(fromTable, col.getName(),
                          col.getRowValue(oldRow), col.getRowValue(newRow))) {
        return true;
      }
    }
    return false;
  }

  private boolean enforcing() {
    return _table.getDatabase().isEnforceForeignKeys();
  }

  static SharedState initSharedState() {
    return new SharedState();
  }

  /**
   * Shared state used by all FKEnforcers for a given Database.
   */
  static final class SharedState 
  {
    /** current depth of cascading update calls across one or more tables */
    private int _updateDepth;

    private SharedState() {
    }

    public boolean isUpdating() {
      return (_updateDepth == 0);
    }
    
    public void pushUpdate() {
      ++_updateDepth;
    }

    public void popUpdate() {
      --_updateDepth;
    }
  }
}