Bazel: Update RBE docker image to Ubuntu 22.04 and JDK 17

Bazel: Update RBE docker image to Ubuntu 22.04 and JDK 17

In this change we update the JDK used in RBE to JDK 17.

Use Ubuntu 22.04 docker image with JDK 17 from Bazel project as the new
base image. So that we don't need to maintain our own docker image any
more.

Also align the naming convention for the docker images with the Bazel
project: <OS version>-<JDK version>, and remove "rbe"-prefix from the
docker image name, because the image doesn't have any RBE specifics and
could be used for Gerrit build and tests outside of the RBE pipeline.

Change-Id: I617354c79301ec6dd52161dd3727f646c2a8ac56