Refactor render system (#32492)

There were too many patches to the Render system, it's really difficult
to make further improvements.

This PR clears the legacy problems and fix TODOs.

1. Rename `RenderContext.Type` to `RenderContext.MarkupType` to clarify
its usage.
2. Use `ContentMode` to replace `meta["mode"]` and `IsWiki`, to clarify
the rendering behaviors.
3. Use "wiki" mode instead of "mode=gfm + wiki=true"
4. Merge `renderByType` and `renderByFile`
5. Add more comments

----

The problem of "mode=document": in many cases it is not set, so many
non-comment places use comment's hard line break incorrectly

32 files changed, 237 insertions, 257 deletions

diff --git a/models/repo/repo.go b/models/repo/repo.go
index 68f8e16a21..4776ff0b9c 100644
--- a/models/repo/repo.go
+++ b/models/repo/repo.go
@@ -479,7 +479,6 @@ func (repo *Repository) ComposeMetas(ctx context.Context) map[string]string {
 		metas := map[string]string{
 			"user": repo.OwnerName,
 			"repo": repo.Name,
-			"mode": "comment",
 		}
 
 		unit, err := repo.GetUnit(ctx, unit.TypeExternalTracker)
@@ -521,7 +520,6 @@ func (repo *Repository) ComposeDocumentMetas(ctx context.Context) map[string]str
 		for k, v := range repo.ComposeMetas(ctx) {
 			metas[k] = v
 		}
-		metas["mode"] = "document"
 		repo.DocumentRenderingMetas = metas
 	}
 	return repo.DocumentRenderingMetas
diff --git a/modules/markup/console/console.go b/modules/markup/console/console.go
index 01653565fe..d991527b80 100644
--- a/modules/markup/console/console.go
+++ b/modules/markup/console/console.go
@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@ import (
 	"io"
 	"path/filepath"
 	"regexp"
-	"strings"
 
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/markup"
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/setting"
@@ -17,9 +16,6 @@ import (
 	"github.com/go-enry/go-enry/v2"
 )
 
-// MarkupName describes markup's name
-var MarkupName = "console"
-
 func init() {
 	markup.RegisterRenderer(Renderer{})
 }
@@ -29,7 +25,7 @@ type Renderer struct{}
 
 // Name implements markup.Renderer
 func (Renderer) Name() string {
-	return MarkupName
+	return "console"
 }
 
 // Extensions implements markup.Renderer
@@ -67,20 +63,3 @@ func (Renderer) Render(ctx *markup.RenderContext, input io.Reader, output io.Wri
 	_, err = output.Write(buf)
 	return err
 }
-
-// Render renders terminal colors to HTML with all specific handling stuff.
-func Render(ctx *markup.RenderContext, input io.Reader, output io.Writer) error {
-	if ctx.Type == "" {
-		ctx.Type = MarkupName
-	}
-	return markup.Render(ctx, input, output)
-}
-
-// RenderString renders terminal colors in string to HTML with all specific handling stuff and return string
-func RenderString(ctx *markup.RenderContext, content string) (string, error) {
-	var buf strings.Builder
-	if err := Render(ctx, strings.NewReader(content), &buf); err != nil {
-		return "", err
-	}
-	return buf.String(), nil
-}
diff --git a/modules/markup/html.go b/modules/markup/html.go
index e2eefefc4b..54c65c95d2 100644
--- a/modules/markup/html.go
+++ b/modules/markup/html.go
@@ -442,12 +442,11 @@ func createLink(href, content, class string) *html.Node {
 	a := &html.Node{
 		Type: html.ElementNode,
 		Data: atom.A.String(),
-		Attr: []html.Attribute{
-			{Key: "href", Val: href},
-			{Key: "data-markdown-generated-content"},
-		},
+		Attr: []html.Attribute{{Key: "href", Val: href}},
+	}
+	if !RenderBehaviorForTesting.DisableInternalAttributes {
+		a.Attr = append(a.Attr, html.Attribute{Key: "data-markdown-generated-content"})
 	}
-
 	if class != "" {
 		a.Attr = append(a.Attr, html.Attribute{Key: "class", Val: class})
 	}
diff --git a/modules/markup/html_codepreview_test.go b/modules/markup/html_codepreview_test.go
index a90de278f5..5054627dde 100644
--- a/modules/markup/html_codepreview_test.go
+++ b/modules/markup/html_codepreview_test.go
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ import (
 
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/git"
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/markup"
+	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/markup/markdown"
 
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
 )
@@ -23,8 +24,8 @@ func TestRenderCodePreview(t *testing.T) {
 	})
 	test := func(input, expected string) {
 		buffer, err := markup.RenderString(&markup.RenderContext{
-			Ctx:  git.DefaultContext,
-			Type: "markdown",
+			Ctx:        git.DefaultContext,
+			MarkupType: markdown.MarkupName,
 		}, input)
 		assert.NoError(t, err)
 		assert.Equal(t, strings.TrimSpace(expected), strings.TrimSpace(buffer))
diff --git a/modules/markup/html_internal_test.go b/modules/markup/html_internal_test.go
index 8f516751b0..2fb657f56b 100644
--- a/modules/markup/html_internal_test.go
+++ b/modules/markup/html_internal_test.go
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ import (
 
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/git"
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/setting"
+	testModule "code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/test"
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/util"
 
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
@@ -123,8 +124,9 @@ func TestRender_IssueIndexPattern2(t *testing.T) {
 		}
 		expectedNil := fmt.Sprintf(expectedFmt, links...)
 		testRenderIssueIndexPattern(t, s, expectedNil, &RenderContext{
-			Ctx:   git.DefaultContext,
-			Metas: localMetas,
+			Ctx:         git.DefaultContext,
+			Metas:       localMetas,
+			ContentMode: RenderContentAsComment,
 		})
 
 		class := "ref-issue"
@@ -137,8 +139,9 @@ func TestRender_IssueIndexPattern2(t *testing.T) {
 		}
 		expectedNum := fmt.Sprintf(expectedFmt, links...)
 		testRenderIssueIndexPattern(t, s, expectedNum, &RenderContext{
-			Ctx:   git.DefaultContext,
-			Metas: numericMetas,
+			Ctx:         git.DefaultContext,
+			Metas:       numericMetas,
+			ContentMode: RenderContentAsComment,
 		})
 	}
 
@@ -266,7 +269,6 @@ func TestRender_IssueIndexPattern_Document(t *testing.T) {
 		"user":   "someUser",
 		"repo":   "someRepo",
 		"style":  IssueNameStyleNumeric,
-		"mode":   "document",
 	}
 
 	testRenderIssueIndexPattern(t, "#1", "#1", &RenderContext{
@@ -316,8 +318,8 @@ func TestRender_AutoLink(t *testing.T) {
 			Links: Links{
 				Base: TestRepoURL,
 			},
-			Metas:  localMetas,
-			IsWiki: true,
+			Metas:       localMetas,
+			ContentMode: RenderContentAsWiki,
 		}, strings.NewReader(input), &buffer)
 		assert.Equal(t, err, nil)
 		assert.Equal(t, strings.TrimSpace(expected), strings.TrimSpace(buffer.String()))
@@ -340,7 +342,7 @@ func TestRender_AutoLink(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestRender_FullIssueURLs(t *testing.T) {
 	setting.AppURL = TestAppURL
-
+	defer testModule.MockVariableValue(&RenderBehaviorForTesting.DisableInternalAttributes, true)()
 	test := func(input, expected string) {
 		var result strings.Builder
 		err := postProcess(&RenderContext{
@@ -351,9 +353,7 @@ func TestRender_FullIssueURLs(t *testing.T) {
 			Metas: localMetas,
 		}, []processor{fullIssuePatternProcessor}, strings.NewReader(input), &result)
 		assert.NoError(t, err)
-		actual := result.String()
-		actual = strings.ReplaceAll(actual, ` data-markdown-generated-content=""`, "")
-		assert.Equal(t, expected, actual)
+		assert.Equal(t, expected, result.String())
 	}
 	test("Here is a link https://git.osgeo.org/gogs/postgis/postgis/pulls/6",
 		"Here is a link https://git.osgeo.org/gogs/postgis/postgis/pulls/6")
diff --git a/modules/markup/html_issue.go b/modules/markup/html_issue.go
index b6d4ed6a8e..fa630656ce 100644
--- a/modules/markup/html_issue.go
+++ b/modules/markup/html_issue.go
@@ -67,9 +67,8 @@ func issueIndexPatternProcessor(ctx *RenderContext, node *html.Node) {
 		return
 	}
 
-	// FIXME: the use of "mode" is quite dirty and hacky, for example: what is a "document"? how should it be rendered?
-	// The "mode" approach should be refactored to some other more clear&reliable way.
-	crossLinkOnly := ctx.Metas["mode"] == "document" && !ctx.IsWiki
+	// crossLinkOnly if not comment and not wiki
+	crossLinkOnly := ctx.ContentMode != RenderContentAsTitle && ctx.ContentMode != RenderContentAsComment && ctx.ContentMode != RenderContentAsWiki
 
 	var (
 		found bool
diff --git a/modules/markup/html_link.go b/modules/markup/html_link.go
index 9350634568..30564da548 100644
--- a/modules/markup/html_link.go
+++ b/modules/markup/html_link.go
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ func ResolveLink(ctx *RenderContext, link, userContentAnchorPrefix string) (resu
 	isAnchorFragment := link != "" && link[0] == '#'
 	if !isAnchorFragment && !IsFullURLString(link) {
 		linkBase := ctx.Links.Base
-		if ctx.IsWiki {
+		if ctx.ContentMode == RenderContentAsWiki {
 			// no need to check if the link should be resolved as a wiki link or a wiki raw link
 			// just use wiki link here and it will be redirected to a wiki raw link if necessary
 			linkBase = ctx.Links.WikiLink()
@@ -147,7 +147,7 @@ func shortLinkProcessor(ctx *RenderContext, node *html.Node) {
 		}
 		if image {
 			if !absoluteLink {
-				link = util.URLJoin(ctx.Links.ResolveMediaLink(ctx.IsWiki), link)
+				link = util.URLJoin(ctx.Links.ResolveMediaLink(ctx.ContentMode == RenderContentAsWiki), link)
 			}
 			title := props["title"]
 			if title == "" {
diff --git a/modules/markup/html_node.go b/modules/markup/html_node.go
index 6d784975b9..c499854053 100644
--- a/modules/markup/html_node.go
+++ b/modules/markup/html_node.go
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ func visitNodeImg(ctx *RenderContext, img *html.Node) (next *html.Node) {
 		}
 
 		if IsNonEmptyRelativePath(attr.Val) {
-			attr.Val = util.URLJoin(ctx.Links.ResolveMediaLink(ctx.IsWiki), attr.Val)
+			attr.Val = util.URLJoin(ctx.Links.ResolveMediaLink(ctx.ContentMode == RenderContentAsWiki), attr.Val)
 
 			// By default, the "<img>" tag should also be clickable,
 			// because frontend use `<img>` to paste the re-scaled image into the markdown,
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ func visitNodeVideo(ctx *RenderContext, node *html.Node) (next *html.Node) {
 			continue
 		}
 		if IsNonEmptyRelativePath(attr.Val) {
-			attr.Val = util.URLJoin(ctx.Links.ResolveMediaLink(ctx.IsWiki), attr.Val)
+			attr.Val = util.URLJoin(ctx.Links.ResolveMediaLink(ctx.ContentMode == RenderContentAsWiki), attr.Val)
 		}
 		attr.Val = camoHandleLink(attr.Val)
 		node.Attr[i] = attr
diff --git a/modules/markup/html_test.go b/modules/markup/html_test.go
index 82aded4407..262d0fc4dd 100644
--- a/modules/markup/html_test.go
+++ b/modules/markup/html_test.go
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ import (
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/markup"
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/markup/markdown"
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/setting"
+	testModule "code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/test"
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/util"
 
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
@@ -104,7 +105,7 @@ func TestRender_Commits(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestRender_CrossReferences(t *testing.T) {
 	setting.AppURL = markup.TestAppURL
-
+	defer testModule.MockVariableValue(&markup.RenderBehaviorForTesting.DisableInternalAttributes, true)()
 	test := func(input, expected string) {
 		buffer, err := markup.RenderString(&markup.RenderContext{
 			Ctx:          git.DefaultContext,
@@ -116,9 +117,7 @@ func TestRender_CrossReferences(t *testing.T) {
 			Metas: localMetas,
 		}, input)
 		assert.NoError(t, err)
-		actual := strings.TrimSpace(buffer)
-		actual = strings.ReplaceAll(actual, ` data-markdown-generated-content=""`, "")
-		assert.Equal(t, strings.TrimSpace(expected), actual)
+		assert.Equal(t, strings.TrimSpace(expected), strings.TrimSpace(buffer))
 	}
 
 	test(
@@ -148,7 +147,7 @@ func TestRender_CrossReferences(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestRender_links(t *testing.T) {
 	setting.AppURL = markup.TestAppURL
-
+	defer testModule.MockVariableValue(&markup.RenderBehaviorForTesting.DisableInternalAttributes, true)()
 	test := func(input, expected string) {
 		buffer, err := markup.RenderString(&markup.RenderContext{
 			Ctx:          git.DefaultContext,
@@ -158,9 +157,7 @@ func TestRender_links(t *testing.T) {
 			},
 		}, input)
 		assert.NoError(t, err)
-		actual := strings.TrimSpace(buffer)
-		actual = strings.ReplaceAll(actual, ` data-markdown-generated-content=""`, "")
-		assert.Equal(t, strings.TrimSpace(expected), actual)
+		assert.Equal(t, strings.TrimSpace(expected), strings.TrimSpace(buffer))
 	}
 
 	oldCustomURLSchemes := setting.Markdown.CustomURLSchemes
@@ -261,7 +258,7 @@ func TestRender_links(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestRender_email(t *testing.T) {
 	setting.AppURL = markup.TestAppURL
-
+	defer testModule.MockVariableValue(&markup.RenderBehaviorForTesting.DisableInternalAttributes, true)()
 	test := func(input, expected string) {
 		res, err := markup.RenderString(&markup.RenderContext{
 			Ctx:          git.DefaultContext,
@@ -271,9 +268,7 @@ func TestRender_email(t *testing.T) {
 			},
 		}, input)
 		assert.NoError(t, err)
-		actual := strings.TrimSpace(res)
-		actual = strings.ReplaceAll(actual, ` data-markdown-generated-content=""`, "")
-		assert.Equal(t, strings.TrimSpace(expected), actual)
+		assert.Equal(t, strings.TrimSpace(expected), strings.TrimSpace(res))
 	}
 	// Text that should be turned into email link
 
@@ -302,10 +297,10 @@ func TestRender_email(t *testing.T) {
 	j.doe@example.com;
 	j.doe@example.com?
 	j.doe@example.com!`,
-		`<p><a href="mailto:j.doe@example.com" rel="nofollow">j.doe@example.com</a>,<br/>
-<a href="mailto:j.doe@example.com" rel="nofollow">j.doe@example.com</a>.<br/>
-<a href="mailto:j.doe@example.com" rel="nofollow">j.doe@example.com</a>;<br/>
-<a href="mailto:j.doe@example.com" rel="nofollow">j.doe@example.com</a>?<br/>
+		`<p><a href="mailto:j.doe@example.com" rel="nofollow">j.doe@example.com</a>,
+<a href="mailto:j.doe@example.com" rel="nofollow">j.doe@example.com</a>.
+<a href="mailto:j.doe@example.com" rel="nofollow">j.doe@example.com</a>;
+<a href="mailto:j.doe@example.com" rel="nofollow">j.doe@example.com</a>?
 <a href="mailto:j.doe@example.com" rel="nofollow">j.doe@example.com</a>!</p>`)
 
 	// Test that should *not* be turned into email links
@@ -418,8 +413,8 @@ func TestRender_ShortLinks(t *testing.T) {
 			Links: markup.Links{
 				Base: markup.TestRepoURL,
 			},
-			Metas:  localMetas,
-			IsWiki: true,
+			Metas:       localMetas,
+			ContentMode: markup.RenderContentAsWiki,
 		}, input)
 		assert.NoError(t, err)
 		assert.Equal(t, strings.TrimSpace(expectedWiki), strings.TrimSpace(string(buffer)))
@@ -531,10 +526,10 @@ func TestRender_ShortLinks(t *testing.T) {
 func TestRender_RelativeMedias(t *testing.T) {
 	render := func(input string, isWiki bool, links markup.Links) string {
 		buffer, err := markdown.RenderString(&markup.RenderContext{
-			Ctx:    git.DefaultContext,
-			Links:  links,
-			Metas:  localMetas,
-			IsWiki: isWiki,
+			Ctx:         git.DefaultContext,
+			Links:       links,
+			Metas:       localMetas,
+			ContentMode: util.Iif(isWiki, markup.RenderContentAsWiki, markup.RenderContentAsComment),
 		}, input)
 		assert.NoError(t, err)
 		return strings.TrimSpace(string(buffer))
@@ -604,12 +599,7 @@ func Test_ParseClusterFuzz(t *testing.T) {
 func TestPostProcess_RenderDocument(t *testing.T) {
 	setting.AppURL = markup.TestAppURL
 	setting.StaticURLPrefix = markup.TestAppURL // can't run standalone
-
-	localMetas := map[string]string{
-		"user": "go-gitea",
-		"repo": "gitea",
-		"mode": "document",
-	}
+	defer testModule.MockVariableValue(&markup.RenderBehaviorForTesting.DisableInternalAttributes, true)()
 
 	test := func(input, expected string) {
 		var res strings.Builder
@@ -619,12 +609,10 @@ func TestPostProcess_RenderDocument(t *testing.T) {
 				AbsolutePrefix: true,
 				Base:           "https://example.com",
 			},
-			Metas: localMetas,
+			Metas: map[string]string{"user": "go-gitea", "repo": "gitea"},
 		}, strings.NewReader(input), &res)
 		assert.NoError(t, err)
-		actual := strings.TrimSpace(res.String())
-		actual = strings.ReplaceAll(actual, ` data-markdown-generated-content=""`, "")
-		assert.Equal(t, strings.TrimSpace(expected), actual)
+		assert.Equal(t, strings.TrimSpace(expected), strings.TrimSpace(res.String()))
 	}
 
 	// Issue index shouldn't be post processing in a document.
diff --git a/modules/markup/markdown/goldmark.go b/modules/markup/markdown/goldmark.go
index 0cd9dc5f30..c8488cfb50 100644
--- a/modules/markup/markdown/goldmark.go
+++ b/modules/markup/markdown/goldmark.go
@@ -72,7 +72,12 @@ func (g *ASTTransformer) Transform(node *ast.Document, reader text.Reader, pc pa
 			g.transformList(ctx, v, rc)
 		case *ast.Text:
 			if v.SoftLineBreak() && !v.HardLineBreak() {
-				if ctx.Metas["mode"] != "document" {
+				// TODO: this was a quite unclear part, old code: `if metas["mode"] != "document" { use comment link break setting }`
+				// many places render non-comment contents with no mode=document, then these contents also use comment's hard line break setting
+				// especially in many tests.
+				if markup.RenderBehaviorForTesting.ForceHardLineBreak {
+					v.SetHardLineBreak(true)
+				} else if ctx.ContentMode == markup.RenderContentAsComment {
 					v.SetHardLineBreak(setting.Markdown.EnableHardLineBreakInComments)
 				} else {
 					v.SetHardLineBreak(setting.Markdown.EnableHardLineBreakInDocuments)
diff --git a/modules/markup/markdown/markdown.go b/modules/markup/markdown/markdown.go
index db4e5706f6..6af0deb27b 100644
--- a/modules/markup/markdown/markdown.go
+++ b/modules/markup/markdown/markdown.go
@@ -257,9 +257,7 @@ func (Renderer) Render(ctx *markup.RenderContext, input io.Reader, output io.Wri
 
 // Render renders Markdown to HTML with all specific handling stuff.
 func Render(ctx *markup.RenderContext, input io.Reader, output io.Writer) error {
-	if ctx.Type == "" {
-		ctx.Type = MarkupName
-	}
+	ctx.MarkupType = MarkupName
 	return markup.Render(ctx, input, output)
 }
 
diff --git a/modules/markup/markdown/markdown_test.go b/modules/markup/markdown/markdown_test.go
index ad38e7a088..315eed2e62 100644
--- a/modules/markup/markdown/markdown_test.go
+++ b/modules/markup/markdown/markdown_test.go
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ import (
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/markup/markdown"
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/setting"
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/svg"
+	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/test"
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/util"
 
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
@@ -74,7 +75,7 @@ func TestRender_StandardLinks(t *testing.T) {
 			Links: markup.Links{
 				Base: FullURL,
 			},
-			IsWiki: true,
+			ContentMode: markup.RenderContentAsWiki,
 		}, input)
 		assert.NoError(t, err)
 		assert.Equal(t, strings.TrimSpace(expectedWiki), strings.TrimSpace(string(buffer)))
@@ -296,23 +297,22 @@ This PR has been generated by [Renovate Bot](https://github.com/renovatebot/reno
 }
 
 func TestTotal_RenderWiki(t *testing.T) {
+	defer test.MockVariableValue(&markup.RenderBehaviorForTesting.ForceHardLineBreak, true)()
+	defer test.MockVariableValue(&markup.RenderBehaviorForTesting.DisableInternalAttributes, true)()
 	setting.AppURL = AppURL
-
 	answers := testAnswers(util.URLJoin(FullURL, "wiki"), util.URLJoin(FullURL, "wiki", "raw"))
-
 	for i := 0; i < len(sameCases); i++ {
 		line, err := markdown.RenderString(&markup.RenderContext{
 			Ctx: git.DefaultContext,
 			Links: markup.Links{
 				Base: FullURL,
 			},
-			Repo:   newMockRepo(testRepoOwnerName, testRepoName),
-			Metas:  localMetas,
-			IsWiki: true,
+			Repo:        newMockRepo(testRepoOwnerName, testRepoName),
+			Metas:       localMetas,
+			ContentMode: markup.RenderContentAsWiki,
 		}, sameCases[i])
 		assert.NoError(t, err)
-		actual := strings.ReplaceAll(string(line), ` data-markdown-generated-content=""`, "")
-		assert.Equal(t, answers[i], actual)
+		assert.Equal(t, answers[i], string(line))
 	}
 
 	testCases := []string{
@@ -334,19 +334,18 @@ func TestTotal_RenderWiki(t *testing.T) {
 			Links: markup.Links{
 				Base: FullURL,
 			},
-			IsWiki: true,
+			ContentMode: markup.RenderContentAsWiki,
 		}, testCases[i])
 		assert.NoError(t, err)
-		actual := strings.ReplaceAll(string(line), ` data-markdown-generated-content=""`, "")
-		assert.EqualValues(t, testCases[i+1], actual)
+		assert.EqualValues(t, testCases[i+1], string(line))
 	}
 }
 
 func TestTotal_RenderString(t *testing.T) {
+	defer test.MockVariableValue(&markup.RenderBehaviorForTesting.ForceHardLineBreak, true)()
+	defer test.MockVariableValue(&markup.RenderBehaviorForTesting.DisableInternalAttributes, true)()
 	setting.AppURL = AppURL
-
 	answers := testAnswers(util.URLJoin(FullURL, "src", "master"), util.URLJoin(FullURL, "media", "master"))
-
 	for i := 0; i < len(sameCases); i++ {
 		line, err := markdown.RenderString(&markup.RenderContext{
 			Ctx: git.DefaultContext,
@@ -358,8 +357,7 @@ func TestTotal_RenderString(t *testing.T) {
 			Metas: localMetas,
 		}, sameCases[i])
 		assert.NoError(t, err)
-		actual := strings.ReplaceAll(string(line), ` data-markdown-generated-content=""`, "")
-		assert.Equal(t, answers[i], actual)
+		assert.Equal(t, answers[i], string(line))
 	}
 
 	testCases := []string{}
@@ -428,6 +426,7 @@ func TestRenderSiblingImages_Issue12925(t *testing.T) {
 	expected := `<p><a href="/image1" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener"><img src="/image1" alt="image1"></a><br>
 <a href="/image2" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener"><img src="/image2" alt="image2"></a></p>
 `
+	defer test.MockVariableValue(&markup.RenderBehaviorForTesting.ForceHardLineBreak, true)()
 	res, err := markdown.RenderRawString(&markup.RenderContext{Ctx: git.DefaultContext}, testcase)
 	assert.NoError(t, err)
 	assert.Equal(t, expected, res)
@@ -996,11 +995,16 @@ space</p>
 		},
 	}
 
+	defer test.MockVariableValue(&markup.RenderBehaviorForTesting.ForceHardLineBreak, true)()
+	defer test.MockVariableValue(&markup.RenderBehaviorForTesting.DisableInternalAttributes, true)()
 	for i, c := range cases {
-		result, err := markdown.RenderString(&markup.RenderContext{Ctx: context.Background(), Links: c.Links, IsWiki: c.IsWiki}, input)
+		result, err := markdown.RenderString(&markup.RenderContext{
+			Ctx:         context.Background(),
+			Links:       c.Links,
+			ContentMode: util.Iif(c.IsWiki, markup.RenderContentAsWiki, markup.RenderContentAsDefault),
+		}, input)
 		assert.NoError(t, err, "Unexpected error in testcase: %v", i)
-		actual := strings.ReplaceAll(string(result), ` data-markdown-generated-content=""`, "")
-		assert.Equal(t, c.Expected, actual, "Unexpected result in testcase %v", i)
+		assert.Equal(t, c.Expected, string(result), "Unexpected result in testcase %v", i)
 	}
 }
 
diff --git a/modules/markup/markdown/transform_image.go b/modules/markup/markdown/transform_image.go
index 812e24f0a2..4ed4118854 100644
--- a/modules/markup/markdown/transform_image.go
+++ b/modules/markup/markdown/transform_image.go
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ func (g *ASTTransformer) transformImage(ctx *markup.RenderContext, v *ast.Image)
 	// Check if the destination is a real link
 	if len(v.Destination) > 0 && !markup.IsFullURLBytes(v.Destination) {
 		v.Destination = []byte(giteautil.URLJoin(
-			ctx.Links.ResolveMediaLink(ctx.IsWiki),
+			ctx.Links.ResolveMediaLink(ctx.ContentMode == markup.RenderContentAsWiki),
 			strings.TrimLeft(string(v.Destination), "/"),
 		))
 	}
diff --git a/modules/markup/orgmode/orgmode.go b/modules/markup/orgmode/orgmode.go
index 25f8d15ef4..6b9c963157 100644
--- a/modules/markup/orgmode/orgmode.go
+++ b/modules/markup/orgmode/orgmode.go
@@ -144,14 +144,15 @@ func (r *Writer) resolveLink(kind, link string) string {
 		}
 
 		base := r.Ctx.Links.Base
-		if r.Ctx.IsWiki {
+		isWiki := r.Ctx.ContentMode == markup.RenderContentAsWiki
+		if isWiki {
 			base = r.Ctx.Links.WikiLink()
 		} else if r.Ctx.Links.HasBranchInfo() {
 			base = r.Ctx.Links.SrcLink()
 		}
 
 		if kind == "image" || kind == "video" {
-			base = r.Ctx.Links.ResolveMediaLink(r.Ctx.IsWiki)
+			base = r.Ctx.Links.ResolveMediaLink(isWiki)
 		}
 
 		link = util.URLJoin(base, link)
diff --git a/modules/markup/orgmode/orgmode_test.go b/modules/markup/orgmode/orgmode_test.go
index 75b60ed81f..b882678c7e 100644
--- a/modules/markup/orgmode/orgmode_test.go
+++ b/modules/markup/orgmode/orgmode_test.go
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ import (
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/git"
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/markup"
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/setting"
+	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/util"
 
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
 )
@@ -26,7 +27,7 @@ func TestRender_StandardLinks(t *testing.T) {
 				Base:       "/relative-path",
 				BranchPath: "branch/main",
 			},
-			IsWiki: isWiki,
+			ContentMode: util.Iif(isWiki, markup.RenderContentAsWiki, markup.RenderContentAsDefault),
 		}, input)
 		assert.NoError(t, err)
 		assert.Equal(t, strings.TrimSpace(expected), strings.TrimSpace(buffer))
diff --git a/modules/markup/render.go b/modules/markup/render.go
index f2ce9229af..add50f4382 100644
--- a/modules/markup/render.go
+++ b/modules/markup/render.go
@@ -5,11 +5,9 @@ package markup
 
 import (
 	"context"
-	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
 	"net/url"
-	"path/filepath"
 	"strings"
 	"sync"
 
@@ -29,15 +27,44 @@ const (
 	RenderMetaAsTable   RenderMetaMode = "table"
 )
 
+type RenderContentMode string
+
+const (
+	RenderContentAsDefault RenderContentMode = "" // empty means "default", no special handling, maybe just a simple "document"
+	RenderContentAsComment RenderContentMode = "comment"
+	RenderContentAsTitle   RenderContentMode = "title"
+	RenderContentAsWiki    RenderContentMode = "wiki"
+)
+
+var RenderBehaviorForTesting struct {
+	// Markdown line break rendering has 2 default behaviors:
+	// * Use hard: replace "\n" with "<br>" for comments, setting.Markdown.EnableHardLineBreakInComments=true
+	// * Keep soft: "\n" for non-comments (a.k.a. documents), setting.Markdown.EnableHardLineBreakInDocuments=false
+	// In history, there was a mess:
+	// * The behavior was controlled by `Metas["mode"] != "document",
+	// * However, many places render the content without setting "mode" in Metas, all these places used comment line break setting incorrectly
+	ForceHardLineBreak bool
+
+	// Gitea will emit some internal attributes for various purposes, these attributes don't affect rendering.
+	// But there are too many hard-coded test cases, to avoid changing all of them again and again, we can disable emitting these internal attributes.
+	DisableInternalAttributes bool
+}
+
 // RenderContext represents a render context
 type RenderContext struct {
-	Ctx              context.Context
-	RelativePath     string // relative path from tree root of the branch
-	Type             string
-	IsWiki           bool
-	Links            Links
-	Metas            map[string]string // user, repo, mode(comment/document)
-	DefaultLink      string
+	Ctx          context.Context
+	RelativePath string // relative path from tree root of the branch
+
+	// eg: "orgmode", "asciicast", "console"
+	// for file mode, it could be left as empty, and will be detected by file extension in RelativePath
+	MarkupType string
+
+	// what the content will be used for: eg: for comment or for wiki? or just render a file?
+	ContentMode RenderContentMode
+
+	Links            Links             // special link references for rendering, especially when there is a branch/tree path
+	Metas            map[string]string // user&repo, format&style&regexp (for external issue pattern), teams&org (for mention), BranchNameSubURL(for iframe&asciicast)
+	DefaultLink      string            // TODO: need to figure out
 	GitRepo          *git.Repository
 	Repo             gitrepo.Repository
 	ShaExistCache    map[string]bool
@@ -77,12 +104,29 @@ func (ctx *RenderContext) AddCancel(fn func()) {
 
 // Render renders markup file to HTML with all specific handling stuff.
 func Render(ctx *RenderContext, input io.Reader, output io.Writer) error {
-	if ctx.Type != "" {
-		return renderByType(ctx, input, output)
-	} else if ctx.RelativePath != "" {
-		return renderFile(ctx, input, output)
+	if ctx.MarkupType == "" && ctx.RelativePath != "" {
+		ctx.MarkupType = DetectMarkupTypeByFileName(ctx.RelativePath)
+		if ctx.MarkupType == "" {
+			return util.NewInvalidArgumentErrorf("unsupported file to render: %q", ctx.RelativePath)
+		}
+	}
+
+	renderer := renderers[ctx.MarkupType]
+	if renderer == nil {
+		return util.NewInvalidArgumentErrorf("unsupported markup type: %q", ctx.MarkupType)
+	}
+
+	if ctx.RelativePath != "" {
+		if externalRender, ok := renderer.(ExternalRenderer); ok && externalRender.DisplayInIFrame() {
+			if !ctx.InStandalonePage {
+				// for an external "DisplayInIFrame" render, it could only output its content in a standalone page
+				// otherwise, a <iframe> should be outputted to embed the external rendered page
+				return renderIFrame(ctx, output)
+			}
+		}
 	}
-	return errors.New("render options both filename and type missing")
+
+	return render(ctx, renderer, input, output)
 }
 
 // RenderString renders Markup string to HTML with all specific handling stuff and return string
@@ -170,42 +214,6 @@ func render(ctx *RenderContext, renderer Renderer, input io.Reader, output io.Wr
 	return err
 }
 
-func renderByType(ctx *RenderContext, input io.Reader, output io.Writer) error {
-	if renderer, ok := renderers[ctx.Type]; ok {
-		return render(ctx, renderer, input, output)
-	}
-	return fmt.Errorf("unsupported render type: %s", ctx.Type)
-}
-
-// ErrUnsupportedRenderExtension represents the error when extension doesn't supported to render
-type ErrUnsupportedRenderExtension struct {
-	Extension string
-}
-
-func IsErrUnsupportedRenderExtension(err error) bool {
-	_, ok := err.(ErrUnsupportedRenderExtension)
-	return ok
-}
-
-func (err ErrUnsupportedRenderExtension) Error() string {
-	return fmt.Sprintf("Unsupported render extension: %s", err.Extension)
-}
-
-func renderFile(ctx *RenderContext, input io.Reader, output io.Writer) error {
-	extension := strings.ToLower(filepath.Ext(ctx.RelativePath))
-	if renderer, ok := extRenderers[extension]; ok {
-		if r, ok := renderer.(ExternalRenderer); ok && r.DisplayInIFrame() {
-			if !ctx.InStandalonePage {
-				// for an external render, it could only output its content in a standalone page
-				// otherwise, a <iframe> should be outputted to embed the external rendered page
-				return renderIFrame(ctx, output)
-			}
-		}
-		return render(ctx, renderer, input, output)
-	}
-	return ErrUnsupportedRenderExtension{extension}
-}
-
 // Init initializes the render global variables
 func Init(ph *ProcessorHelper) {
 	if ph != nil {
diff --git a/modules/structs/miscellaneous.go b/modules/structs/miscellaneous.go
index 3b206c1dd7..cfdb6db96c 100644
--- a/modules/structs/miscellaneous.go
+++ b/modules/structs/miscellaneous.go
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ type MarkupOption struct {
 	//
 	// in: body
 	Text string
-	// Mode to render (comment, gfm, markdown, file)
+	// Mode to render (markdown, comment, wiki, file)
 	//
 	// in: body
 	Mode string
@@ -30,8 +30,9 @@ type MarkupOption struct {
 	//
 	// in: body
 	Context string
-	// Is it a wiki page ?
+	// Is it a wiki page? (use mode=wiki instead)
 	//
+	// Deprecated: true
 	// in: body
 	Wiki bool
 	// File path for detecting extension in file mode
@@ -50,7 +51,7 @@ type MarkdownOption struct {
 	//
 	// in: body
 	Text string
-	// Mode to render (comment, gfm, markdown)
+	// Mode to render (markdown, comment, wiki, file)
 	//
 	// in: body
 	Mode string
@@ -59,8 +60,9 @@ type MarkdownOption struct {
 	//
 	// in: body
 	Context string
-	// Is it a wiki page ?
+	// Is it a wiki page? (use mode=wiki instead)
 	//
+	// Deprecated: true
 	// in: body
 	Wiki bool
 }
diff --git a/modules/templates/util_render.go b/modules/templates/util_render.go
index 1201828345..1db1e4a111 100644
--- a/modules/templates/util_render.go
+++ b/modules/templates/util_render.go
@@ -94,8 +94,9 @@ func (ut *RenderUtils) RenderCommitBody(msg string, metas map[string]string) tem
 	}
 
 	renderedMessage, err := markup.RenderCommitMessage(&markup.RenderContext{
-		Ctx:   ut.ctx,
-		Metas: metas,
+		Ctx:         ut.ctx,
+		Metas:       metas,
+		ContentMode: markup.RenderContentAsComment,
 	}, template.HTMLEscapeString(msgLine))
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Error("RenderCommitMessage: %v", err)
@@ -116,8 +117,9 @@ func renderCodeBlock(htmlEscapedTextToRender template.HTML) template.HTML {
 // RenderIssueTitle renders issue/pull title with defined post processors
 func (ut *RenderUtils) RenderIssueTitle(text string, metas map[string]string) template.HTML {
 	renderedText, err := markup.RenderIssueTitle(&markup.RenderContext{
-		Ctx:   ut.ctx,
-		Metas: metas,
+		Ctx:         ut.ctx,
+		ContentMode: markup.RenderContentAsTitle,
+		Metas:       metas,
 	}, template.HTMLEscapeString(text))
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Error("RenderIssueTitle: %v", err)
diff --git a/modules/templates/util_render_test.go b/modules/templates/util_render_test.go
index 0a6e89c5f2..2d331b8317 100644
--- a/modules/templates/util_render_test.go
+++ b/modules/templates/util_render_test.go
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ import (
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/git"
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/log"
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/markup"
+	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/test"
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/translation"
 
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
@@ -72,6 +73,7 @@ func newTestRenderUtils() *RenderUtils {
 }
 
 func TestRenderCommitBody(t *testing.T) {
+	defer test.MockVariableValue(&markup.RenderBehaviorForTesting.DisableInternalAttributes, true)()
 	type args struct {
 		msg   string
 		metas map[string]string
@@ -129,23 +131,21 @@ com 88fc37a3c0a4dda553bdcfc80c178a58247f42fb mit
 <a href="/mention-user" class="mention">@mention-user</a> test
 <a href="/user13/repo11/issues/123" class="ref-issue">#123</a>
   space`
-	actual := strings.ReplaceAll(string(newTestRenderUtils().RenderCommitBody(testInput(), testMetas)), ` data-markdown-generated-content=""`, "")
-	assert.EqualValues(t, expected, actual)
+	assert.EqualValues(t, expected, string(newTestRenderUtils().RenderCommitBody(testInput(), testMetas)))
 }
 
 func TestRenderCommitMessage(t *testing.T) {
 	expected := `space <a href="/mention-user" data-markdown-generated-content="" class="mention">@mention-user</a>  `
-
 	assert.EqualValues(t, expected, newTestRenderUtils().RenderCommitMessage(testInput(), testMetas))
 }
 
 func TestRenderCommitMessageLinkSubject(t *testing.T) {
 	expected := `<a href="https://example.com/link" class="default-link muted">space </a><a href="/mention-user" data-markdown-generated-content="" class="mention">@mention-user</a>`
-
 	assert.EqualValues(t, expected, newTestRenderUtils().RenderCommitMessageLinkSubject(testInput(), "https://example.com/link", testMetas))
 }
 
 func TestRenderIssueTitle(t *testing.T) {
+	defer test.MockVariableValue(&markup.RenderBehaviorForTesting.DisableInternalAttributes, true)()
 	expected := `  space @mention-user<SPACE><SPACE>
 /just/a/path.bin
 https://example.com/file.bin
@@ -168,11 +168,11 @@ mail@domain.com
   space<SPACE><SPACE>
 `
 	expected = strings.ReplaceAll(expected, "<SPACE>", " ")
-	actual := strings.ReplaceAll(string(newTestRenderUtils().RenderIssueTitle(testInput(), testMetas)), ` data-markdown-generated-content=""`, "")
-	assert.EqualValues(t, expected, actual)
+	assert.EqualValues(t, expected, string(newTestRenderUtils().RenderIssueTitle(testInput(), testMetas)))
 }
 
 func TestRenderMarkdownToHtml(t *testing.T) {
+	defer test.MockVariableValue(&markup.RenderBehaviorForTesting.DisableInternalAttributes, true)()
 	expected := `<p>space <a href="/mention-user" rel="nofollow">@mention-user</a><br/>
 /just/a/path.bin
 <a href="https://example.com/file.bin" rel="nofollow">https://example.com/file.bin</a>
@@ -194,8 +194,7 @@ com 88fc37a3c0a4dda553bdcfc80c178a58247f42fb mit
 #123
 space</p>
 `
-	actual := strings.ReplaceAll(string(newTestRenderUtils().MarkdownToHtml(testInput())), ` data-markdown-generated-content=""`, "")
-	assert.Equal(t, expected, actual)
+	assert.Equal(t, expected, string(newTestRenderUtils().MarkdownToHtml(testInput())))
 }
 
 func TestRenderLabels(t *testing.T) {
diff --git a/routers/api/v1/misc/markup.go b/routers/api/v1/misc/markup.go
index 9699c79368..868ed92519 100644
--- a/routers/api/v1/misc/markup.go
+++ b/routers/api/v1/misc/markup.go
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ import (
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/markup"
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/markup/markdown"
 	api "code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/structs"
+	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/util"
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/web"
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/routers/common"
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/services/context"
@@ -41,7 +42,8 @@ func Markup(ctx *context.APIContext) {
 		return
 	}
 
-	common.RenderMarkup(ctx.Base, ctx.Repo, form.Mode, form.Text, form.Context, form.FilePath, form.Wiki)
+	mode := util.Iif(form.Wiki, "wiki", form.Mode) //nolint:staticcheck
+	common.RenderMarkup(ctx.Base, ctx.Repo, mode, form.Text, form.Context, form.FilePath)
 }
 
 // Markdown render markdown document to HTML
@@ -71,12 +73,8 @@ func Markdown(ctx *context.APIContext) {
 		return
 	}
 
-	mode := "markdown"
-	if form.Mode == "comment" || form.Mode == "gfm" {
-		mode = form.Mode
-	}
-
-	common.RenderMarkup(ctx.Base, ctx.Repo, mode, form.Text, form.Context, "", form.Wiki)
+	mode := util.Iif(form.Wiki, "wiki", form.Mode) //nolint:staticcheck
+	common.RenderMarkup(ctx.Base, ctx.Repo, mode, form.Text, form.Context, "")
 }
 
 // MarkdownRaw render raw markdown HTML
diff --git a/routers/api/v1/misc/markup_test.go b/routers/api/v1/misc/markup_test.go
index abffdf3516..6b8c09034a 100644
--- a/routers/api/v1/misc/markup_test.go
+++ b/routers/api/v1/misc/markup_test.go
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ import (
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/markup"
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/setting"
 	api "code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/structs"
+	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/test"
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/web"
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/services/contexttest"
 
@@ -24,6 +25,7 @@ const AppURL = "http://localhost:3000/"
 
 func testRenderMarkup(t *testing.T, mode string, wiki bool, filePath, text, expectedBody string, expectedCode int) {
 	setting.AppURL = AppURL
+	defer test.MockVariableValue(&markup.RenderBehaviorForTesting.DisableInternalAttributes, true)()
 	context := "/gogits/gogs"
 	if !wiki {
 		context += path.Join("/src/branch/main", path.Dir(filePath))
@@ -38,13 +40,13 @@ func testRenderMarkup(t *testing.T, mode string, wiki bool, filePath, text, expe
 	ctx, resp := contexttest.MockAPIContext(t, "POST /api/v1/markup")
 	web.SetForm(ctx, &options)
 	Markup(ctx)
-	actual := strings.ReplaceAll(resp.Body.String(), ` data-markdown-generated-content=""`, "")
-	assert.Equal(t, expectedBody, actual)
+	assert.Equal(t, expectedBody, resp.Body.String())
 	assert.Equal(t, expectedCode, resp.Code)
 	resp.Body.Reset()
 }
 
 func testRenderMarkdown(t *testing.T, mode string, wiki bool, text, responseBody string, responseCode int) {
+	defer test.MockVariableValue(&markup.RenderBehaviorForTesting.DisableInternalAttributes, true)()
 	setting.AppURL = AppURL
 	context := "/gogits/gogs"
 	if !wiki {
@@ -59,8 +61,7 @@ func testRenderMarkdown(t *testing.T, mode string, wiki bool, text, responseBody
 	ctx, resp := contexttest.MockAPIContext(t, "POST /api/v1/markdown")
 	web.SetForm(ctx, &options)
 	Markdown(ctx)
-	actual := strings.ReplaceAll(resp.Body.String(), ` data-markdown-generated-content=""`, "")
-	assert.Equal(t, responseBody, actual)
+	assert.Equal(t, responseBody, resp.Body.String())
 	assert.Equal(t, responseCode, resp.Code)
 	resp.Body.Reset()
 }
@@ -158,8 +159,8 @@ Here are some links to the most important topics. You can find the full list of
 <a href="http://localhost:3000/gogits/gogs/media/branch/main/path/image.png" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener"><img src="http://localhost:3000/gogits/gogs/media/branch/main/path/image.png" alt="Image"/></a></p>
 `, http.StatusOK)
 
-	testRenderMarkup(t, "file", true, "path/test.unknown", "## Test", "Unsupported render extension: .unknown\n", http.StatusUnprocessableEntity)
-	testRenderMarkup(t, "unknown", true, "", "## Test", "Unknown mode: unknown\n", http.StatusUnprocessableEntity)
+	testRenderMarkup(t, "file", false, "path/test.unknown", "## Test", "unsupported file to render: \"path/test.unknown\"\n", http.StatusUnprocessableEntity)
+	testRenderMarkup(t, "unknown", false, "", "## Test", "Unknown mode: unknown\n", http.StatusUnprocessableEntity)
 }
 
 var simpleCases = []string{
diff --git a/routers/common/markup.go b/routers/common/markup.go
index 0a00eac7d4..c8cc1a5ff1 100644
--- a/routers/common/markup.go
+++ b/routers/common/markup.go
@@ -5,21 +5,22 @@
 package common
 
 import (
+	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"net/http"
 	"path"
 	"strings"
 
-	repo_model "code.gitea.io/gitea/models/repo"
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/httplib"
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/markup"
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/markup/markdown"
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/setting"
+	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/util"
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/services/context"
 )
 
 // RenderMarkup renders markup text for the /markup and /markdown endpoints
-func RenderMarkup(ctx *context.Base, repo *context.Repository, mode, text, urlPathContext, filePath string, wiki bool) {
+func RenderMarkup(ctx *context.Base, repo *context.Repository, mode, text, urlPathContext, filePath string) {
 	// urlPathContext format is "/subpath/{user}/{repo}/src/{branch, commit, tag}/{identifier/path}/{file/dir}"
 	// filePath is the path of the file to render if the end user is trying to preview a repo file (mode == "file")
 	// filePath will be used as RenderContext.RelativePath
@@ -27,32 +28,33 @@ func RenderMarkup(ctx *context.Base, repo *context.Repository, mode, text, urlPa
 	// for example, when previewing file "/gitea/owner/repo/src/branch/features/feat-123/doc/CHANGE.md", then filePath is "doc/CHANGE.md"
 	// and the urlPathContext is "/gitea/owner/repo/src/branch/features/feat-123/doc"
 
-	var markupType, relativePath string
-
-	links := markup.Links{AbsolutePrefix: true}
+	renderCtx := &markup.RenderContext{
+		Ctx:        ctx,
+		Links:      markup.Links{AbsolutePrefix: true},
+		MarkupType: markdown.MarkupName,
+	}
 	if urlPathContext != "" {
-		links.Base = fmt.Sprintf("%s%s", httplib.GuessCurrentHostURL(ctx), urlPathContext)
+		renderCtx.Links.Base = fmt.Sprintf("%s%s", httplib.GuessCurrentHostURL(ctx), urlPathContext)
 	}
 
-	switch mode {
-	case "markdown":
-		// Raw markdown
-		if err := markdown.RenderRaw(&markup.RenderContext{
-			Ctx:   ctx,
-			Links: links,
-		}, strings.NewReader(text), ctx.Resp); err != nil {
+	if mode == "" || mode == "markdown" {
+		// raw markdown doesn't need any special handling
+		if err := markdown.RenderRaw(renderCtx, strings.NewReader(text), ctx.Resp); err != nil {
 			ctx.Error(http.StatusInternalServerError, err.Error())
 		}
 		return
+	}
+	switch mode {
+	case "gfm": // legacy mode, do nothing
 	case "comment":
-		// Issue & comment content
-		markupType = markdown.MarkupName
-	case "gfm":
-		// GitHub Flavored Markdown
-		markupType = markdown.MarkupName
+		renderCtx.ContentMode = markup.RenderContentAsComment
+	case "wiki":
+		renderCtx.ContentMode = markup.RenderContentAsWiki
 	case "file":
-		markupType = "" // render the repo file content by its extension
-		relativePath = filePath
+		// render the repo file content by its extension
+		renderCtx.MarkupType = ""
+		renderCtx.RelativePath = filePath
+		renderCtx.InStandalonePage = true
 	default:
 		ctx.Error(http.StatusUnprocessableEntity, fmt.Sprintf("Unknown mode: %s", mode))
 		return
@@ -67,33 +69,19 @@ func RenderMarkup(ctx *context.Base, repo *context.Repository, mode, text, urlPa
 		refPath := strings.Join(fields[3:], "/")           // it is "branch/features/feat-12/doc"
 		refPath = strings.TrimSuffix(refPath, "/"+fileDir) // now we get the correct branch path: "branch/features/feat-12"
 
-		links = markup.Links{AbsolutePrefix: true, Base: absoluteBasePrefix, BranchPath: refPath, TreePath: fileDir}
+		renderCtx.Links = markup.Links{AbsolutePrefix: true, Base: absoluteBasePrefix, BranchPath: refPath, TreePath: fileDir}
 	}
 
-	meta := map[string]string{}
-	var repoCtx *repo_model.Repository
 	if repo != nil && repo.Repository != nil {
-		repoCtx = repo.Repository
-		if mode == "comment" {
-			meta = repo.Repository.ComposeMetas(ctx)
+		renderCtx.Repo = repo.Repository
+		if renderCtx.ContentMode == markup.RenderContentAsComment {
+			renderCtx.Metas = repo.Repository.ComposeMetas(ctx)
 		} else {
-			meta = repo.Repository.ComposeDocumentMetas(ctx)
+			renderCtx.Metas = repo.Repository.ComposeDocumentMetas(ctx)
 		}
 	}
-	if mode != "comment" {
-		meta["mode"] = "document"
-	}
-
-	if err := markup.Render(&markup.RenderContext{
-		Ctx:          ctx,
-		Repo:         repoCtx,
-		Links:        links,
-		Metas:        meta,
-		IsWiki:       wiki,
-		Type:         markupType,
-		RelativePath: relativePath,
-	}, strings.NewReader(text), ctx.Resp); err != nil {
-		if markup.IsErrUnsupportedRenderExtension(err) {
+	if err := markup.Render(renderCtx, strings.NewReader(text), ctx.Resp); err != nil {
+		if errors.Is(err, util.ErrInvalidArgument) {
 			ctx.Error(http.StatusUnprocessableEntity, err.Error())
 		} else {
 			ctx.Error(http.StatusInternalServerError, err.Error())
diff --git a/routers/web/feed/convert.go b/routers/web/feed/convert.go
index 3f33e9933a..a273515c8a 100644
--- a/routers/web/feed/convert.go
+++ b/routers/web/feed/convert.go
@@ -56,7 +56,6 @@ func renderMarkdown(ctx *context.Context, act *activities_model.Action, content
 		Links: markup.Links{
 			Base: act.GetRepoLink(ctx),
 		},
-		Type: markdown.MarkupName,
 		Metas: map[string]string{
 			"user": act.GetRepoUserName(ctx),
 			"repo": act.GetRepoName(ctx),
diff --git a/routers/web/misc/markup.go b/routers/web/misc/markup.go
index 2dbbd6fc09..0c7ec6c2eb 100644
--- a/routers/web/misc/markup.go
+++ b/routers/web/misc/markup.go
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ package misc
 
 import (
 	api "code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/structs"
+	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/util"
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/web"
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/routers/common"
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/services/context"
@@ -14,5 +15,6 @@ import (
 // Markup render markup document to HTML
 func Markup(ctx *context.Context) {
 	form := web.GetForm(ctx).(*api.MarkupOption)
-	common.RenderMarkup(ctx.Base, ctx.Repo, form.Mode, form.Text, form.Context, form.FilePath, form.Wiki)
+	mode := util.Iif(form.Wiki, "wiki", form.Mode) //nolint:staticcheck
+	common.RenderMarkup(ctx.Base, ctx.Repo, mode, form.Text, form.Context, form.FilePath)
 }
diff --git a/routers/web/repo/view.go b/routers/web/repo/view.go
index 7d9281b397..7030f6d8a9 100644
--- a/routers/web/repo/view.go
+++ b/routers/web/repo/view.go
@@ -312,6 +312,7 @@ func renderReadmeFile(ctx *context.Context, subfolder string, readmeFile *git.Tr
 
 		ctx.Data["EscapeStatus"], ctx.Data["FileContent"], err = markupRender(ctx, &markup.RenderContext{
 			Ctx:          ctx,
+			MarkupType:   markupType,
 			RelativePath: path.Join(ctx.Repo.TreePath, readmeFile.Name()), // ctx.Repo.TreePath is the directory not the Readme so we must append the Readme filename (and path).
 			Links: markup.Links{
 				Base:       ctx.Repo.RepoLink,
@@ -502,28 +503,20 @@ func renderFile(ctx *context.Context, entry *git.TreeEntry) {
 		ctx.Data["ReadmeExist"] = readmeExist
 
 		markupType := markup.DetectMarkupTypeByFileName(blob.Name())
-		// If the markup is detected by custom markup renderer it should not be reset later on
-		// to not pass it down to the render context.
-		detected := false
 		if markupType == "" {
-			detected = true
 			markupType = markup.DetectRendererType(blob.Name(), bytes.NewReader(buf))
 		}
 		if markupType != "" {
 			ctx.Data["HasSourceRenderedToggle"] = true
 		}
-
 		if markupType != "" && !shouldRenderSource {
 			ctx.Data["IsMarkup"] = true
 			ctx.Data["MarkupType"] = markupType
-			if !detected {
-				markupType = ""
-			}
 			metas := ctx.Repo.Repository.ComposeDocumentMetas(ctx)
 			metas["BranchNameSubURL"] = ctx.Repo.BranchNameSubURL()
 			ctx.Data["EscapeStatus"], ctx.Data["FileContent"], err = markupRender(ctx, &markup.RenderContext{
 				Ctx:          ctx,
-				Type:         markupType,
+				MarkupType:   markupType,
 				RelativePath: ctx.Repo.TreePath,
 				Links: markup.Links{
 					Base:       ctx.Repo.RepoLink,
@@ -615,6 +608,7 @@ func renderFile(ctx *context.Context, entry *git.TreeEntry) {
 			ctx.Data["MarkupType"] = markupType
 			ctx.Data["EscapeStatus"], ctx.Data["FileContent"], err = markupRender(ctx, &markup.RenderContext{
 				Ctx:          ctx,
+				MarkupType:   markupType,
 				RelativePath: ctx.Repo.TreePath,
 				Links: markup.Links{
 					Base:       ctx.Repo.RepoLink,
diff --git a/routers/web/repo/wiki.go b/routers/web/repo/wiki.go
index d2056353d8..2b8312f10a 100644
--- a/routers/web/repo/wiki.go
+++ b/routers/web/repo/wiki.go
@@ -289,12 +289,12 @@ func renderViewPage(ctx *context.Context) (*git.Repository, *git.TreeEntry) {
 	}
 
 	rctx := &markup.RenderContext{
-		Ctx:   ctx,
-		Metas: ctx.Repo.Repository.ComposeDocumentMetas(ctx),
+		Ctx:         ctx,
+		ContentMode: markup.RenderContentAsWiki,
+		Metas:       ctx.Repo.Repository.ComposeDocumentMetas(ctx),
 		Links: markup.Links{
 			Base: ctx.Repo.RepoLink,
 		},
-		IsWiki: true,
 	}
 	buf := &strings.Builder{}
 
diff --git a/routers/web/user/profile.go b/routers/web/user/profile.go
index d0abf603c3..4fbfc2bd17 100644
--- a/routers/web/user/profile.go
+++ b/routers/web/user/profile.go
@@ -258,7 +258,6 @@ func prepareUserProfileTabData(ctx *context.Context, showPrivate bool, profileDb
 					Base:       profileDbRepo.Link(),
 					BranchPath: path.Join("branch", util.PathEscapeSegments(profileDbRepo.DefaultBranch)),
 				},
-				Metas: map[string]string{"mode": "document"},
 			}, bytes); err != nil {
 				log.Error("failed to RenderString: %v", err)
 			} else {
diff --git a/services/context/org.go b/services/context/org.go
index e420629372..132ce19a31 100644
--- a/services/context/org.go
+++ b/services/context/org.go
@@ -260,8 +260,7 @@ func HandleOrgAssignment(ctx *Context, args ...bool) {
 	ctx.Data["IsFollowing"] = ctx.Doer != nil && user_model.IsFollowing(ctx, ctx.Doer.ID, ctx.ContextUser.ID)
 	if len(ctx.ContextUser.Description) != 0 {
 		content, err := markdown.RenderString(&markup.RenderContext{
-			Metas: map[string]string{"mode": "document"},
-			Ctx:   ctx,
+			Ctx: ctx,
 		}, ctx.ContextUser.Description)
 		if err != nil {
 			ctx.ServerError("RenderString", err)
diff --git a/templates/swagger/v1_json.tmpl b/templates/swagger/v1_json.tmpl
index 8fed15b516..a6dcba4f19 100644
--- a/templates/swagger/v1_json.tmpl
+++ b/templates/swagger/v1_json.tmpl
@@ -22615,7 +22615,7 @@
           "type": "string"
         },
         "Mode": {
-          "description": "Mode to render (comment, gfm, markdown)\n\nin: body",
+          "description": "Mode to render (markdown, comment, wiki, file)\n\nin: body",
           "type": "string"
         },
         "Text": {
@@ -22623,7 +22623,7 @@
           "type": "string"
         },
         "Wiki": {
-          "description": "Is it a wiki page ?\n\nin: body",
+          "description": "Is it a wiki page? (use mode=wiki instead)\n\nDeprecated: true\nin: body",
           "type": "boolean"
         }
       },
@@ -22642,7 +22642,7 @@
           "type": "string"
         },
         "Mode": {
-          "description": "Mode to render (comment, gfm, markdown, file)\n\nin: body",
+          "description": "Mode to render (markdown, comment, wiki, file)\n\nin: body",
           "type": "string"
         },
         "Text": {
@@ -22650,7 +22650,7 @@
           "type": "string"
         },
         "Wiki": {
-          "description": "Is it a wiki page ?\n\nin: body",
+          "description": "Is it a wiki page? (use mode=wiki instead)\n\nDeprecated: true\nin: body",
           "type": "boolean"
         }
       },
diff --git a/tests/integration/markup_external_test.go b/tests/integration/markup_external_test.go
index e50f5c1356..2d713b0eb9 100644
--- a/tests/integration/markup_external_test.go
+++ b/tests/integration/markup_external_test.go
@@ -10,6 +10,8 @@ import (
 	"strings"
 	"testing"
 
+	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/markup"
+	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/markup/external"
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/setting"
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/tests"
 
@@ -23,10 +25,9 @@ func TestExternalMarkupRenderer(t *testing.T) {
 		return
 	}
 
-	const repoURL = "user30/renderer"
-	req := NewRequest(t, "GET", repoURL+"/src/branch/master/README.html")
+	req := NewRequest(t, "GET", "/user30/renderer/src/branch/master/README.html")
 	resp := MakeRequest(t, req, http.StatusOK)
-	assert.EqualValues(t, "text/html; charset=utf-8", resp.Header()["Content-Type"][0])
+	assert.EqualValues(t, "text/html; charset=utf-8", resp.Header().Get("Content-Type"))
 
 	bs, err := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
 	assert.NoError(t, err)
@@ -36,4 +37,24 @@ func TestExternalMarkupRenderer(t *testing.T) {
 	data, err := div.Html()
 	assert.NoError(t, err)
 	assert.EqualValues(t, "<div>\n\ttest external renderer\n</div>", strings.TrimSpace(data))
+
+	r := markup.GetRendererByFileName("a.html").(*external.Renderer)
+	r.RenderContentMode = setting.RenderContentModeIframe
+
+	req = NewRequest(t, "GET", "/user30/renderer/src/branch/master/README.html")
+	resp = MakeRequest(t, req, http.StatusOK)
+	assert.EqualValues(t, "text/html; charset=utf-8", resp.Header().Get("Content-Type"))
+	bs, err = io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+	doc = NewHTMLParser(t, bytes.NewBuffer(bs))
+	iframe := doc.Find("iframe")
+	assert.EqualValues(t, "/user30/renderer/render/branch/master/README.html", iframe.AttrOr("src", ""))
+
+	req = NewRequest(t, "GET", "/user30/renderer/render/branch/master/README.html")
+	resp = MakeRequest(t, req, http.StatusOK)
+	assert.EqualValues(t, "text/html; charset=utf-8", resp.Header().Get("Content-Type"))
+	bs, err = io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.EqualValues(t, "frame-src 'self'; sandbox allow-scripts", resp.Header().Get("Content-Security-Policy"))
+	assert.EqualValues(t, "<div>\n\ttest external renderer\n</div>\n", string(bs))
 }
diff --git a/web_src/js/features/comp/ComboMarkdownEditor.ts b/web_src/js/features/comp/ComboMarkdownEditor.ts
index 576c1bccd6..7117952fa3 100644
--- a/web_src/js/features/comp/ComboMarkdownEditor.ts
+++ b/web_src/js/features/comp/ComboMarkdownEditor.ts
@@ -74,7 +74,6 @@ export class ComboMarkdownEditor {
   previewUrl: string;
   previewContext: string;
   previewMode: string;
-  previewWiki: boolean;
 
   constructor(container, options = {}) {
     container._giteaComboMarkdownEditor = this;
@@ -213,13 +212,11 @@ export class ComboMarkdownEditor {
     this.previewUrl = this.tabPreviewer.getAttribute('data-preview-url');
     this.previewContext = this.tabPreviewer.getAttribute('data-preview-context');
     this.previewMode = this.options.previewMode ?? 'comment';
-    this.previewWiki = this.options.previewWiki ?? false;
     this.tabPreviewer.addEventListener('click', async () => {
       const formData = new FormData();
       formData.append('mode', this.previewMode);
       formData.append('context', this.previewContext);
       formData.append('text', this.value());
-      formData.append('wiki', String(this.previewWiki));
       const response = await POST(this.previewUrl, {data: formData});
       const data = await response.text();
       renderPreviewPanelContent($(panelPreviewer), data);
diff --git a/web_src/js/features/repo-wiki.ts b/web_src/js/features/repo-wiki.ts
index 1a62427b73..0e72b87109 100644
--- a/web_src/js/features/repo-wiki.ts
+++ b/web_src/js/features/repo-wiki.ts
@@ -26,7 +26,6 @@ async function initRepoWikiFormEditor() {
       formData.append('mode', editor.previewMode);
       formData.append('context', editor.previewContext);
       formData.append('text', newContent);
-      formData.append('wiki', editor.previewWiki);
       try {
         const response = await POST(editor.previewUrl, {data: formData});
         const data = await response.text();
@@ -51,8 +50,7 @@ async function initRepoWikiFormEditor() {
     // And another benefit is that we only need to write the style once for both editors.
     // TODO: Move height style to CSS after EasyMDE removal.
     editorHeights: {minHeight: '300px', height: 'calc(100vh - 600px)'},
-    previewMode: 'gfm',
-    previewWiki: true,
+    previewMode: 'wiki',
     easyMDEOptions: {
       previewRender: (_content, previewTarget) => previewTarget.innerHTML, // disable builtin preview render
       toolbar: ['bold', 'italic', 'strikethrough', '|',