Refactor the setting to make unit test easier (#22405)

Some bugs caused by less unit tests in fundamental packages. This PR refactor `setting` package so that create a unit test will be easier than before. - All `LoadFromXXX` files has been splited as two functions, one is `InitProviderFromXXX` and `LoadCommonSettings`. The first functions will only include the code to create or new a ini file. The second function will load common settings. - It also renames all functions in setting from `newXXXService` to `loadXXXSetting` or `loadXXXFrom` to make the function name less confusing. - Move `XORMLog` to `SQLLog` because it's a better name for that. Maybe we should finally move these `loadXXXSetting` into the `XXXInit` function? Any idea? --------- Co-authored-by: 6543 <6543@obermui.de> Co-authored-by: delvh <dev.lh@web.de>
author: Lunny Xiao <xiaolunwen@gmail.com> 2023-02-20 00:12:01 +0800
committer: GitHub <noreply@github.com> 2023-02-20 00:12:01 +0800
commit: c53ad052d8bd040ecd269d9757ce9885396a04af (patch)
tree: 7142da12dc9511445c76d3bf5616f1c220441a84
parent: 2b02343e218755c36c6a45da8a53c06dfff843a1 (diff)
download: gitea-c53ad052d8bd040ecd269d9757ce9885396a04af.tar.gz
gitea-c53ad052d8bd040ecd269d9757ce9885396a04af.zip
86 files changed, 1692 insertions, 1462 deletions
diff --git a/cmd/cmd.go b/cmd/cmd.go
index 493519e135..18d5db3987 100644
--- a/cmd/cmd.go
+++ b/cmd/cmd.go
@@ -57,9 +57,10 @@ func confirm() (bool, error) {
 }
 
 func initDB(ctx context.Context) error {
-	setting.LoadFromExisting()
-	setting.InitDBConfig()
-	setting.NewXORMLogService(false)
+	setting.InitProviderFromExistingFile()
+	setting.LoadCommonSettings()
+	setting.LoadDBSetting()
+	setting.InitSQLLog(false)
 
 	if setting.Database.Type == "" {
 		log.Fatal(`Database settings are missing from the configuration file: %q.
diff --git a/cmd/convert.go b/cmd/convert.go
index b9ed9f1627..30e7d01e11 100644
--- a/cmd/convert.go
+++ b/cmd/convert.go
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ func runConvert(ctx *cli.Context) error {
 	log.Info("AppPath: %s", setting.AppPath)
 	log.Info("AppWorkPath: %s", setting.AppWorkPath)
 	log.Info("Custom path: %s", setting.CustomPath)
-	log.Info("Log path: %s", setting.LogRootPath)
+	log.Info("Log path: %s", setting.Log.RootPath)
 	log.Info("Configuration file: %s", setting.CustomConf)
 
 	if !setting.Database.UseMySQL {
diff --git a/cmd/doctor.go b/cmd/doctor.go
index ceb6e3fbab..e7baad60c1 100644
--- a/cmd/doctor.go
+++ b/cmd/doctor.go
@@ -87,14 +87,16 @@ func runRecreateTable(ctx *cli.Context) error {
 	golog.SetPrefix("")
 	golog.SetOutput(log.NewLoggerAsWriter("INFO", log.GetLogger(log.DEFAULT)))
 
-	setting.LoadFromExisting()
-	setting.InitDBConfig()
+	setting.InitProviderFromExistingFile()
+	setting.LoadCommonSettings()
+	setting.LoadDBSetting()
 
-	setting.EnableXORMLog = ctx.Bool("debug")
+	setting.Log.EnableXORMLog = ctx.Bool("debug")
 	setting.Database.LogSQL = ctx.Bool("debug")
-	setting.Cfg.Section("log").Key("XORM").SetValue(",")
+	// FIXME: don't use CfgProvider directly
+	setting.CfgProvider.Section("log").Key("XORM").SetValue(",")
 
-	setting.NewXORMLogService(!ctx.Bool("debug"))
+	setting.InitSQLLog(!ctx.Bool("debug"))
 	stdCtx, cancel := installSignals()
 	defer cancel()
 
diff --git a/cmd/dump.go b/cmd/dump.go
index f40ddbac23..c879d2fbee 100644
--- a/cmd/dump.go
+++ b/cmd/dump.go
@@ -181,20 +181,22 @@ func runDump(ctx *cli.Context) error {
 		}
 		fileName += "." + outType
 	}
-	setting.LoadFromExisting()
+	setting.InitProviderFromExistingFile()
+	setting.LoadCommonSettings()
 
 	// make sure we are logging to the console no matter what the configuration tells us do to
-	if _, err := setting.Cfg.Section("log").NewKey("MODE", "console"); err != nil {
+	// FIXME: don't use CfgProvider directly
+	if _, err := setting.CfgProvider.Section("log").NewKey("MODE", "console"); err != nil {
 		fatal("Setting logging mode to console failed: %v", err)
 	}
-	if _, err := setting.Cfg.Section("log.console").NewKey("STDERR", "true"); err != nil {
+	if _, err := setting.CfgProvider.Section("log.console").NewKey("STDERR", "true"); err != nil {
 		fatal("Setting console logger to stderr failed: %v", err)
 	}
 	if !setting.InstallLock {
 		log.Error("Is '%s' really the right config path?\n", setting.CustomConf)
 		return fmt.Errorf("gitea is not initialized")
 	}
-	setting.NewServices() // cannot access session settings otherwise
+	setting.LoadSettings() // cannot access session settings otherwise
 
 	stdCtx, cancel := installSignals()
 	defer cancel()
@@ -322,7 +324,7 @@ func runDump(ctx *cli.Context) error {
 		log.Info("Packing data directory...%s", setting.AppDataPath)
 
 		var excludes []string
-		if setting.Cfg.Section("session").Key("PROVIDER").Value() == "file" {
+		if setting.SessionConfig.OriginalProvider == "file" {
 			var opts session.Options
 			if err = json.Unmarshal([]byte(setting.SessionConfig.ProviderConfig), &opts); err != nil {
 				return err
@@ -339,7 +341,7 @@ func runDump(ctx *cli.Context) error {
 		excludes = append(excludes, setting.LFS.Path)
 		excludes = append(excludes, setting.Attachment.Path)
 		excludes = append(excludes, setting.Packages.Path)
-		excludes = append(excludes, setting.LogRootPath)
+		excludes = append(excludes, setting.Log.RootPath)
 		excludes = append(excludes, absFileName)
 		if err := addRecursiveExclude(w, "data", setting.AppDataPath, excludes, verbose); err != nil {
 			fatal("Failed to include data directory: %v", err)
@@ -378,12 +380,12 @@ func runDump(ctx *cli.Context) error {
 	if ctx.IsSet("skip-log") && ctx.Bool("skip-log") {
 		log.Info("Skip dumping log files")
 	} else {
-		isExist, err := util.IsExist(setting.LogRootPath)
+		isExist, err := util.IsExist(setting.Log.RootPath)
 		if err != nil {
-			log.Error("Unable to check if %s exists. Error: %v", setting.LogRootPath, err)
+			log.Error("Unable to check if %s exists. Error: %v", setting.Log.RootPath, err)
 		}
 		if isExist {
-			if err := addRecursiveExclude(w, "log", setting.LogRootPath, []string{absFileName}, verbose); err != nil {
+			if err := addRecursiveExclude(w, "log", setting.Log.RootPath, []string{absFileName}, verbose); err != nil {
 				fatal("Failed to include log: %v", err)
 			}
 		}
diff --git a/cmd/dump_repo.go b/cmd/dump_repo.go
index b7b9b3ccc7..0d3970466c 100644
--- a/cmd/dump_repo.go
+++ b/cmd/dump_repo.go
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ func runDumpRepository(ctx *cli.Context) error {
 	log.Info("AppPath: %s", setting.AppPath)
 	log.Info("AppWorkPath: %s", setting.AppWorkPath)
 	log.Info("Custom path: %s", setting.CustomPath)
-	log.Info("Log path: %s", setting.LogRootPath)
+	log.Info("Log path: %s", setting.Log.RootPath)
 	log.Info("Configuration file: %s", setting.CustomConf)
 
 	var (
diff --git a/cmd/embedded.go b/cmd/embedded.go
index 118781895e..d87fc0187c 100644
--- a/cmd/embedded.go
+++ b/cmd/embedded.go
@@ -112,7 +112,8 @@ func initEmbeddedExtractor(c *cli.Context) error {
 	log.DelNamedLogger(log.DEFAULT)
 
 	// Read configuration file
-	setting.LoadAllowEmpty()
+	setting.InitProviderAllowEmpty()
+	setting.LoadCommonSettings()
 
 	pats, err := getPatterns(c.Args())
 	if err != nil {
diff --git a/cmd/mailer.go b/cmd/mailer.go
index af6613f159..d05fee12bc 100644
--- a/cmd/mailer.go
+++ b/cmd/mailer.go
@@ -17,7 +17,8 @@ func runSendMail(c *cli.Context) error {
 	ctx, cancel := installSignals()
 	defer cancel()
 
-	setting.LoadFromExisting()
+	setting.InitProviderFromExistingFile()
+	setting.LoadCommonSettings()
 
 	if err := argsSet(c, "title"); err != nil {
 		return err
diff --git a/cmd/main_test.go b/cmd/main_test.go
index 9aacdf7bba..ba323af472 100644
--- a/cmd/main_test.go
+++ b/cmd/main_test.go
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ import (
 
 func init() {
 	setting.SetCustomPathAndConf("", "", "")
-	setting.LoadForTest()
+	setting.InitProviderAndLoadCommonSettingsForTest()
 }
 
 func TestMain(m *testing.M) {
diff --git a/cmd/migrate.go b/cmd/migrate.go
index 2546fca21d..efa791bc65 100644
--- a/cmd/migrate.go
+++ b/cmd/migrate.go
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ func runMigrate(ctx *cli.Context) error {
 	log.Info("AppPath: %s", setting.AppPath)
 	log.Info("AppWorkPath: %s", setting.AppWorkPath)
 	log.Info("Custom path: %s", setting.CustomPath)
-	log.Info("Log path: %s", setting.LogRootPath)
+	log.Info("Log path: %s", setting.Log.RootPath)
 	log.Info("Configuration file: %s", setting.CustomConf)
 
 	if err := db.InitEngineWithMigration(context.Background(), migrations.Migrate); err != nil {
diff --git a/cmd/migrate_storage.go b/cmd/migrate_storage.go
index 0b8ebe7c8d..dfa7212e5b 100644
--- a/cmd/migrate_storage.go
+++ b/cmd/migrate_storage.go
@@ -136,7 +136,7 @@ func runMigrateStorage(ctx *cli.Context) error {
 	log.Info("AppPath: %s", setting.AppPath)
 	log.Info("AppWorkPath: %s", setting.AppWorkPath)
 	log.Info("Custom path: %s", setting.CustomPath)
-	log.Info("Log path: %s", setting.LogRootPath)
+	log.Info("Log path: %s", setting.Log.RootPath)
 	log.Info("Configuration file: %s", setting.CustomConf)
 
 	if err := db.InitEngineWithMigration(context.Background(), migrations.Migrate); err != nil {
diff --git a/cmd/restore_repo.go b/cmd/restore_repo.go
index 23932f821c..c7dff41966 100644
--- a/cmd/restore_repo.go
+++ b/cmd/restore_repo.go
@@ -54,7 +54,8 @@ func runRestoreRepository(c *cli.Context) error {
 	ctx, cancel := installSignals()
 	defer cancel()
 
-	setting.LoadFromExisting()
+	setting.InitProviderFromExistingFile()
+	setting.LoadCommonSettings()
 	var units []string
 	if s := c.String("units"); s != "" {
 		units = strings.Split(s, ",")
diff --git a/cmd/serv.go b/cmd/serv.go
index 346c918b18..145d1b9e93 100644
--- a/cmd/serv.go
+++ b/cmd/serv.go
@@ -61,7 +61,8 @@ func setup(logPath string, debug bool) {
 	} else {
 		_ = log.NewLogger(1000, "console", "console", `{"level":"fatal","stacktracelevel":"NONE","stderr":true}`)
 	}
-	setting.LoadFromExisting()
+	setting.InitProviderFromExistingFile()
+	setting.LoadCommonSettings()
 	if debug {
 		setting.RunMode = "dev"
 	}
diff --git a/cmd/web.go b/cmd/web.go
index 49a0335615..8722ddb609 100644
--- a/cmd/web.go
+++ b/cmd/web.go
@@ -158,7 +158,8 @@ func runWeb(ctx *cli.Context) error {
 
 	log.Info("Global init")
 	// Perform global initialization
-	setting.LoadFromExisting()
+	setting.InitProviderFromExistingFile()
+	setting.LoadCommonSettings()
 	routers.GlobalInitInstalled(graceful.GetManager().HammerContext())
 
 	// We check that AppDataPath exists here (it should have been created during installation)
diff --git a/contrib/pr/checkout.go b/contrib/pr/checkout.go
index b31a4a8c68..f12d8a9419 100644
--- a/contrib/pr/checkout.go
+++ b/contrib/pr/checkout.go
@@ -49,7 +49,8 @@ func runPR() {
 		log.Fatal(err)
 	}
 	setting.SetCustomPathAndConf("", "", "")
-	setting.LoadAllowEmpty()
+	setting.InitProviderAllowEmpty()
+	setting.LoadCommonSettings()
 
 	setting.RepoRootPath, err = os.MkdirTemp(os.TempDir(), "repos")
 	if err != nil {
@@ -82,7 +83,7 @@ func runPR() {
 		setting.Database.Path = ":memory:"
 		setting.Database.Timeout = 500
 	*/
-	dbCfg := setting.Cfg.Section("database")
+	dbCfg := setting.CfgProvider.Section("database")
 	dbCfg.NewKey("DB_TYPE", "sqlite3")
 	dbCfg.NewKey("PATH", ":memory:")
 
diff --git a/models/asymkey/main_test.go b/models/asymkey/main_test.go
index 82a408ece0..7f8657189f 100644
--- a/models/asymkey/main_test.go
+++ b/models/asymkey/main_test.go
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ import (
 
 func init() {
 	setting.SetCustomPathAndConf("", "", "")
-	setting.LoadForTest()
+	setting.InitProviderAndLoadCommonSettingsForTest()
 }
 
 func TestMain(m *testing.M) {
diff --git a/models/dbfs/main_test.go b/models/dbfs/main_test.go
index 7a820b2d83..9dce663eea 100644
--- a/models/dbfs/main_test.go
+++ b/models/dbfs/main_test.go
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ import (
 
 func init() {
 	setting.SetCustomPathAndConf("", "", "")
-	setting.LoadForTest()
+	setting.InitProviderAndLoadCommonSettingsForTest()
 }
 
 func TestMain(m *testing.M) {
diff --git a/models/issues/main_test.go b/models/issues/main_test.go
index 93e05f33f6..de84da30ec 100644
--- a/models/issues/main_test.go
+++ b/models/issues/main_test.go
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ import (
 
 func init() {
 	setting.SetCustomPathAndConf("", "", "")
-	setting.LoadForTest()
+	setting.InitProviderAndLoadCommonSettingsForTest()
 }
 
 func TestFixturesAreConsistent(t *testing.T) {
diff --git a/models/main_test.go b/models/main_test.go
index cc4eebfe76..b5919bb286 100644
--- a/models/main_test.go
+++ b/models/main_test.go
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ import (
 
 func init() {
 	setting.SetCustomPathAndConf("", "", "")
-	setting.LoadForTest()
+	setting.InitProviderAndLoadCommonSettingsForTest()
 }
 
 // TestFixturesAreConsistent assert that test fixtures are consistent
diff --git a/models/migrations/base/tests.go b/models/migrations/base/tests.go
index a9bcd20f67..2f1b246648 100644
--- a/models/migrations/base/tests.go
+++ b/models/migrations/base/tests.go
@@ -149,13 +149,13 @@ func MainTest(m *testing.M) {
 	setting.AppDataPath = tmpDataPath
 
 	setting.SetCustomPathAndConf("", "", "")
-	setting.LoadForTest()
+	setting.InitProviderAndLoadCommonSettingsForTest()
 	if err = git.InitFull(context.Background()); err != nil {
 		fmt.Printf("Unable to InitFull: %v\n", err)
 		os.Exit(1)
 	}
-	setting.InitDBConfig()
-	setting.NewLogServices(true)
+	setting.LoadDBSetting()
+	setting.InitLogs(true)
 
 	exitStatus := m.Run()
 
diff --git a/modules/context/access_log.go b/modules/context/access_log.go
index 05c0f86218..84663ee8d3 100644
--- a/modules/context/access_log.go
+++ b/modules/context/access_log.go
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ var signedUserNameStringPointerKey interface{} = "signedUserNameStringPointerKey
 // AccessLogger returns a middleware to log access logger
 func AccessLogger() func(http.Handler) http.Handler {
 	logger := log.GetLogger("access")
-	logTemplate, _ := template.New("log").Parse(setting.AccessLogTemplate)
+	logTemplate, _ := template.New("log").Parse(setting.Log.AccessLogTemplate)
 	return func(next http.Handler) http.Handler {
 		return http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request) {
 			start := time.Now()
diff --git a/modules/doctor/doctor.go b/modules/doctor/doctor.go
index 2025edc58d..b23805bc4c 100644
--- a/modules/doctor/doctor.go
+++ b/modules/doctor/doctor.go
@@ -44,10 +44,10 @@ func (w *wrappedLevelLogger) Log(skip int, level log.Level, format string, v ...
 }
 
 func initDBDisableConsole(ctx context.Context, disableConsole bool) error {
-	setting.LoadFromExisting()
-	setting.InitDBConfig()
-
-	setting.NewXORMLogService(disableConsole)
+	setting.InitProviderFromExistingFile()
+	setting.LoadCommonSettings()
+	setting.LoadDBSetting()
+	setting.InitSQLLog(disableConsole)
 	if err := db.InitEngine(ctx); err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("db.InitEngine: %w", err)
 	}
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ func RunChecks(ctx context.Context, logger log.Logger, autofix bool, checks []*C
 	for i, check := range checks {
 		if !dbIsInit && !check.SkipDatabaseInitialization {
 			// Only open database after the most basic configuration check
-			setting.EnableXORMLog = false
+			setting.Log.EnableXORMLog = false
 			if err := initDBDisableConsole(ctx, true); err != nil {
 				logger.Error("Error whilst initializing the database: %v", err)
 				logger.Error("Check if you are using the right config file. You can use a --config directive to specify one.")
diff --git a/modules/doctor/paths.go b/modules/doctor/paths.go
index ad50078d3e..7b1c6ce9ad 100644
--- a/modules/doctor/paths.go
+++ b/modules/doctor/paths.go
@@ -67,7 +67,8 @@ func checkConfigurationFiles(ctx context.Context, logger log.Logger, autofix boo
 		return err
 	}
 
-	setting.LoadFromExisting()
+	setting.InitProviderFromExistingFile()
+	setting.LoadCommonSettings()
 
 	configurationFiles := []configurationFile{
 		{"Configuration File Path", setting.CustomConf, false, true, false},
@@ -75,7 +76,7 @@ func checkConfigurationFiles(ctx context.Context, logger log.Logger, autofix boo
 		{"Data Root Path", setting.AppDataPath, true, true, true},
 		{"Custom File Root Path", setting.CustomPath, true, false, false},
 		{"Work directory", setting.AppWorkPath, true, true, false},
-		{"Log Root Path", setting.LogRootPath, true, true, true},
+		{"Log Root Path", setting.Log.RootPath, true, true, true},
 	}
 
 	if options.IsDynamic() {
diff --git a/modules/highlight/highlight.go b/modules/highlight/highlight.go
index 05e472c083..a5c38940a7 100644
--- a/modules/highlight/highlight.go
+++ b/modules/highlight/highlight.go
@@ -41,12 +41,8 @@ var (
 // NewContext loads custom highlight map from local config
 func NewContext() {
 	once.Do(func() {
-		if setting.Cfg != nil {
-			keys := setting.Cfg.Section("highlight.mapping").Keys()
-			for i := range keys {
-				highlightMapping[keys[i].Name()] = keys[i].Value()
-			}
-		}
+		highlightMapping = setting.GetHighlightMapping()
+
 		// The size 512 is simply a conservative rule of thumb
 		c, err := lru.New2Q(512)
 		if err != nil {
diff --git a/modules/indexer/issues/indexer_test.go b/modules/indexer/issues/indexer_test.go
index ff0541d049..bf9d6d0d16 100644
--- a/modules/indexer/issues/indexer_test.go
+++ b/modules/indexer/issues/indexer_test.go
@@ -27,11 +27,11 @@ func TestMain(m *testing.M) {
 
 func TestBleveSearchIssues(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.NoError(t, unittest.PrepareTestDatabase())
-	setting.Cfg = ini.Empty()
+	setting.CfgProvider = ini.Empty()
 
 	tmpIndexerDir := t.TempDir()
 
-	setting.Cfg.Section("queue.issue_indexer").Key("DATADIR").MustString(path.Join(tmpIndexerDir, "issues.queue"))
+	setting.CfgProvider.Section("queue.issue_indexer").Key("DATADIR").MustString(path.Join(tmpIndexerDir, "issues.queue"))
 
 	oldIssuePath := setting.Indexer.IssuePath
 	setting.Indexer.IssuePath = path.Join(tmpIndexerDir, "issues.queue")
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ func TestBleveSearchIssues(t *testing.T) {
 	}()
 
 	setting.Indexer.IssueType = "bleve"
-	setting.NewQueueService()
+	setting.LoadQueueSettings()
 	InitIssueIndexer(true)
 	defer func() {
 		indexer := holder.get()
diff --git a/modules/indexer/stats/indexer_test.go b/modules/indexer/stats/indexer_test.go
index bc6c4cd7f8..50a5fade78 100644
--- a/modules/indexer/stats/indexer_test.go
+++ b/modules/indexer/stats/indexer_test.go
@@ -29,9 +29,9 @@ func TestMain(m *testing.M) {
 
 func TestRepoStatsIndex(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.NoError(t, unittest.PrepareTestDatabase())
-	setting.Cfg = ini.Empty()
+	setting.CfgProvider = ini.Empty()
 
-	setting.NewQueueService()
+	setting.LoadQueueSettings()
 
 	err := Init()
 	assert.NoError(t, err)
diff --git a/modules/markup/html_test.go b/modules/markup/html_test.go
index 32f26bffab..aea1d92676 100644
--- a/modules/markup/html_test.go
+++ b/modules/markup/html_test.go
@@ -28,7 +28,8 @@ var localMetas = map[string]string{
 }
 
 func TestMain(m *testing.M) {
-	setting.LoadAllowEmpty()
+	setting.InitProviderAllowEmpty()
+	setting.LoadCommonSettings()
 	if err := git.InitSimple(context.Background()); err != nil {
 		log.Fatal("git init failed, err: %v", err)
 	}
diff --git a/modules/markup/markdown/markdown_test.go b/modules/markup/markdown/markdown_test.go
index cc683dc5b7..bb458a65c1 100644
--- a/modules/markup/markdown/markdown_test.go
+++ b/modules/markup/markdown/markdown_test.go
@@ -33,7 +33,8 @@ var localMetas = map[string]string{
 }
 
 func TestMain(m *testing.M) {
-	setting.LoadAllowEmpty()
+	setting.InitProviderAllowEmpty()
+	setting.LoadCommonSettings()
 	if err := git.InitSimple(context.Background()); err != nil {
 		log.Fatal("git init failed, err: %v", err)
 	}
diff --git a/modules/setting/actions.go b/modules/setting/actions.go
index 5c83a73aeb..b11500dab4 100644
--- a/modules/setting/actions.go
+++ b/modules/setting/actions.go
@@ -19,11 +19,11 @@ var (
 	}
 )
 
-func newActions() {
-	sec := Cfg.Section("actions")
+func loadActionsFrom(rootCfg ConfigProvider) {
+	sec := rootCfg.Section("actions")
 	if err := sec.MapTo(&Actions); err != nil {
 		log.Fatal("Failed to map Actions settings: %v", err)
 	}
 
-	Actions.Storage = getStorage("actions_log", "", nil)
+	Actions.Storage = getStorage(rootCfg, "actions_log", "", nil)
 }
diff --git a/modules/setting/admin.go b/modules/setting/admin.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2d2dd26de9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/modules/setting/admin.go
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+// Copyright 2023 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package setting
+
+// Admin settings
+var Admin struct {
+	DisableRegularOrgCreation bool
+	DefaultEmailNotification  string
+}
+
+func loadAdminFrom(rootCfg ConfigProvider) {
+	mustMapSetting(rootCfg, "admin", &Admin)
+	sec := rootCfg.Section("admin")
+	Admin.DefaultEmailNotification = sec.Key("DEFAULT_EMAIL_NOTIFICATIONS").MustString("enabled")
+}
diff --git a/modules/setting/api.go b/modules/setting/api.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c36f05cfd1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/modules/setting/api.go
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+// Copyright 2023 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package setting
+
+import (
+	"net/url"
+	"path"
+
+	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/log"
+)
+
+// API settings
+var API = struct {
+	EnableSwagger          bool
+	SwaggerURL             string
+	MaxResponseItems       int
+	DefaultPagingNum       int
+	DefaultGitTreesPerPage int
+	DefaultMaxBlobSize     int64
+}{
+	EnableSwagger:          true,
+	SwaggerURL:             "",
+	MaxResponseItems:       50,
+	DefaultPagingNum:       30,
+	DefaultGitTreesPerPage: 1000,
+	DefaultMaxBlobSize:     10485760,
+}
+
+func loadAPIFrom(rootCfg ConfigProvider) {
+	mustMapSetting(rootCfg, "api", &API)
+
+	defaultAppURL := string(Protocol) + "://" + Domain + ":" + HTTPPort
+	u, err := url.Parse(rootCfg.Section("server").Key("ROOT_URL").MustString(defaultAppURL))
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Fatal("Invalid ROOT_URL '%s': %s", AppURL, err)
+	}
+	u.Path = path.Join(u.Path, "api", "swagger")
+	API.SwaggerURL = u.String()
+}
diff --git a/modules/setting/attachment.go b/modules/setting/attachment.go
index 68a2e87204..8b6eb9fd7a 100644
--- a/modules/setting/attachment.go
+++ b/modules/setting/attachment.go
@@ -20,11 +20,11 @@ var Attachment = struct {
 	Enabled:      true,
 }
 
-func newAttachmentService() {
-	sec := Cfg.Section("attachment")
+func loadAttachmentFrom(rootCfg ConfigProvider) {
+	sec := rootCfg.Section("attachment")
 	storageType := sec.Key("STORAGE_TYPE").MustString("")
 
-	Attachment.Storage = getStorage("attachments", storageType, sec)
+	Attachment.Storage = getStorage(rootCfg, "attachments", storageType, sec)
 
 	Attachment.AllowedTypes = sec.Key("ALLOWED_TYPES").MustString(".csv,.docx,.fodg,.fodp,.fods,.fodt,.gif,.gz,.jpeg,.jpg,.log,.md,.mov,.mp4,.odf,.odg,.odp,.ods,.odt,.pdf,.png,.pptx,.svg,.tgz,.txt,.webm,.xls,.xlsx,.zip")
 	Attachment.MaxSize = sec.Key("MAX_SIZE").MustInt64(4)
diff --git a/modules/setting/cache.go b/modules/setting/cache.go
index 2da79adb3b..783246077d 100644
--- a/modules/setting/cache.go
+++ b/modules/setting/cache.go
@@ -49,8 +49,8 @@ var CacheService = struct {
 // MemcacheMaxTTL represents the maximum memcache TTL
 const MemcacheMaxTTL = 30 * 24 * time.Hour
 
-func newCacheService() {
-	sec := Cfg.Section("cache")
+func loadCacheFrom(rootCfg ConfigProvider) {
+	sec := rootCfg.Section("cache")
 	if err := sec.MapTo(&CacheService); err != nil {
 		log.Fatal("Failed to map Cache settings: %v", err)
 	}
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ func newCacheService() {
 		Service.EnableCaptcha = false
 	}
 
-	sec = Cfg.Section("cache.last_commit")
+	sec = rootCfg.Section("cache.last_commit")
 	if !CacheService.Enabled {
 		CacheService.LastCommit.Enabled = false
 	}
diff --git a/modules/setting/camo.go b/modules/setting/camo.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..366e9a116c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/modules/setting/camo.go
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+// Copyright 2023 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package setting
+
+import "code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/log"
+
+var Camo = struct {
+	Enabled   bool
+	ServerURL string `ini:"SERVER_URL"`
+	HMACKey   string `ini:"HMAC_KEY"`
+	Allways   bool
+}{}
+
+func loadCamoFrom(rootCfg ConfigProvider) {
+	mustMapSetting(rootCfg, "camo", &Camo)
+	if Camo.Enabled {
+		if Camo.ServerURL == "" || Camo.HMACKey == "" {
+			log.Fatal(`Camo settings require "SERVER_URL" and HMAC_KEY`)
+		}
+	}
+}
diff --git a/modules/setting/config_provider.go b/modules/setting/config_provider.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..67a4e4ded1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/modules/setting/config_provider.go
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+// Copyright 2023 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package setting
+
+import (
+	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/log"
+
+	ini "gopkg.in/ini.v1"
+)
+
+// ConfigProvider represents a config provider
+type ConfigProvider interface {
+	Section(section string) *ini.Section
+	NewSection(name string) (*ini.Section, error)
+	GetSection(name string) (*ini.Section, error)
+}
+
+// a file is an implementation ConfigProvider and other implementations are possible, i.e. from docker, k8s, …
+var _ ConfigProvider = &ini.File{}
+
+func mustMapSetting(rootCfg ConfigProvider, sectionName string, setting interface{}) {
+	if err := rootCfg.Section(sectionName).MapTo(setting); err != nil {
+		log.Fatal("Failed to map %s settings: %v", sectionName, err)
+	}
+}
+
+func deprecatedSetting(rootCfg ConfigProvider, oldSection, oldKey, newSection, newKey string) {
+	if rootCfg.Section(oldSection).HasKey(oldKey) {
+		log.Error("Deprecated fallback `[%s]` `%s` present. Use `[%s]` `%s` instead. This fallback will be removed in v1.19.0", oldSection, oldKey, newSection, newKey)
+	}
+}
+
+// deprecatedSettingDB add a hint that the configuration has been moved to database but still kept in app.ini
+func deprecatedSettingDB(rootCfg ConfigProvider, oldSection, oldKey string) {
+	if rootCfg.Section(oldSection).HasKey(oldKey) {
+		log.Error("Deprecated `[%s]` `%s` present which has been copied to database table sys_setting", oldSection, oldKey)
+	}
+}
diff --git a/modules/setting/cors.go b/modules/setting/cors.go
index ae0736e830..260848b5df 100644
--- a/modules/setting/cors.go
+++ b/modules/setting/cors.go
@@ -27,12 +27,8 @@ var CORSConfig = struct {
 	XFrameOptions: "SAMEORIGIN",
 }
 
-func newCORSService() {
-	sec := Cfg.Section("cors")
-	if err := sec.MapTo(&CORSConfig); err != nil {
-		log.Fatal("Failed to map cors settings: %v", err)
-	}
-
+func loadCorsFrom(rootCfg ConfigProvider) {
+	mustMapSetting(rootCfg, "cors", &CORSConfig)
 	if CORSConfig.Enabled {
 		log.Info("CORS Service Enabled")
 	}
diff --git a/modules/setting/cron.go b/modules/setting/cron.go
index a76de2797f..45bae4dde3 100644
--- a/modules/setting/cron.go
+++ b/modules/setting/cron.go
@@ -7,7 +7,11 @@ import "reflect"
 
 // GetCronSettings maps the cron subsection to the provided config
 func GetCronSettings(name string, config interface{}) (interface{}, error) {
-	if err := Cfg.Section("cron." + name).MapTo(config); err != nil {
+	return getCronSettings(CfgProvider, name, config)
+}
+
+func getCronSettings(rootCfg ConfigProvider, name string, config interface{}) (interface{}, error) {
+	if err := rootCfg.Section("cron." + name).MapTo(config); err != nil {
 		return config, err
 	}
 
@@ -18,7 +22,7 @@ func GetCronSettings(name string, config interface{}) (interface{}, error) {
 		field := val.Field(i)
 		tpField := typ.Field(i)
 		if tpField.Type.Kind() == reflect.Struct && tpField.Anonymous {
-			if err := Cfg.Section("cron." + name).MapTo(field.Addr().Interface()); err != nil {
+			if err := rootCfg.Section("cron." + name).MapTo(field.Addr().Interface()); err != nil {
 				return config, err
 			}
 		}
diff --git a/modules/setting/cron_test.go b/modules/setting/cron_test.go
index 29cdca8fbf..be97e59bd9 100644
--- a/modules/setting/cron_test.go
+++ b/modules/setting/cron_test.go
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ import (
 	ini "gopkg.in/ini.v1"
 )
 
-func Test_GetCronSettings(t *testing.T) {
+func Test_getCronSettings(t *testing.T) {
 	type BaseStruct struct {
 		Base   bool
 		Second string
@@ -27,7 +27,8 @@ Base = true
 Second = white rabbit
 Extend = true
 `
-	Cfg, _ = ini.Load([]byte(iniStr))
+	cfg, err := ini.Load([]byte(iniStr))
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
 
 	extended := &Extended{
 		BaseStruct: BaseStruct{
@@ -35,8 +36,7 @@ Extend = true
 		},
 	}
 
-	_, err := GetCronSettings("test", extended)
-
+	_, err = getCronSettings(cfg, "test", extended)
 	assert.NoError(t, err)
 	assert.True(t, extended.Base)
 	assert.EqualValues(t, extended.Second, "white rabbit")
diff --git a/modules/setting/database.go b/modules/setting/database.go
index 5480f9dffd..49865a38a2 100644
--- a/modules/setting/database.go
+++ b/modules/setting/database.go
@@ -56,9 +56,9 @@ var (
 	}
 )
 
-// InitDBConfig loads the database settings
-func InitDBConfig() {
-	sec := Cfg.Section("database")
+// LoadDBSetting loads the database settings
+func LoadDBSetting() {
+	sec := CfgProvider.Section("database")
 	Database.Type = sec.Key("DB_TYPE").String()
 	defaultCharset := "utf8"
 	Database.UseMySQL = false
diff --git a/modules/setting/directory.go b/modules/setting/directory.go
deleted file mode 100644
index a80df47ab4..0000000000
--- a/modules/setting/directory.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,39 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright 2021 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
-
-package setting
-
-import (
-	"fmt"
-	"os"
-)
-
-// PrepareAppDataPath creates app data directory if necessary
-func PrepareAppDataPath() error {
-	// FIXME: There are too many calls to MkdirAll in old code. It is incorrect.
-	// For example, if someDir=/mnt/vol1/gitea-home/data, if the mount point /mnt/vol1 is not mounted when Gitea runs,
-	// then gitea will make new empty directories in /mnt/vol1, all are stored in the root filesystem.
-	// The correct behavior should be: creating parent directories is end users' duty. We only create sub-directories in existing parent directories.
-	// For quickstart, the parent directories should be created automatically for first startup (eg: a flag or a check of INSTALL_LOCK).
-	// Now we can take the first step to do correctly (using Mkdir) in other packages, and prepare the AppDataPath here, then make a refactor in future.
-
-	st, err := os.Stat(AppDataPath)
-
-	if os.IsNotExist(err) {
-		err = os.MkdirAll(AppDataPath, os.ModePerm)
-		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("unable to create the APP_DATA_PATH directory: %q, Error: %w", AppDataPath, err)
-		}
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("unable to use APP_DATA_PATH %q. Error: %w", AppDataPath, err)
-	}
-
-	if !st.IsDir() /* also works for symlink */ {
-		return fmt.Errorf("the APP_DATA_PATH %q is not a directory (or symlink to a directory) and can't be used", AppDataPath)
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
diff --git a/modules/setting/federation.go b/modules/setting/federation.go
index acab3eb580..2bea900633 100644
--- a/modules/setting/federation.go
+++ b/modules/setting/federation.go
@@ -33,8 +33,8 @@ var (
 // HttpsigAlgs is a constant slice of httpsig algorithm objects
 var HttpsigAlgs []httpsig.Algorithm
 
-func newFederationService() {
-	if err := Cfg.Section("federation").MapTo(&Federation); err != nil {
+func loadFederationFrom(rootCfg ConfigProvider) {
+	if err := rootCfg.Section("federation").MapTo(&Federation); err != nil {
 		log.Fatal("Failed to map Federation settings: %v", err)
 	} else if !httpsig.IsSupportedDigestAlgorithm(Federation.DigestAlgorithm) {
 		log.Fatal("unsupported digest algorithm: %s", Federation.DigestAlgorithm)
diff --git a/modules/setting/git.go b/modules/setting/git.go
index a05f77a97e..457b35936e 100644
--- a/modules/setting/git.go
+++ b/modules/setting/git.go
@@ -67,9 +67,8 @@ var Git = struct {
 	},
 }
 
-func newGit() {
-	sec := Cfg.Section("git")
-
+func loadGitFrom(rootCfg ConfigProvider) {
+	sec := rootCfg.Section("git")
 	if err := sec.MapTo(&Git); err != nil {
 		log.Fatal("Failed to map Git settings: %v", err)
 	}
diff --git a/modules/setting/highlight.go b/modules/setting/highlight.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6291b08a45
--- /dev/null
+++ b/modules/setting/highlight.go
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+// Copyright 2023 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package setting
+
+func GetHighlightMapping() map[string]string {
+	highlightMapping := map[string]string{}
+	if CfgProvider == nil {
+		return highlightMapping
+	}
+
+	keys := CfgProvider.Section("highlight.mapping").Keys()
+	for _, key := range keys {
+		highlightMapping[key.Name()] = key.Value()
+	}
+	return highlightMapping
+}
diff --git a/modules/setting/i18n.go b/modules/setting/i18n.go
index 0e67b18a3e..c3076c0ab7 100644
--- a/modules/setting/i18n.go
+++ b/modules/setting/i18n.go
@@ -47,3 +47,20 @@ func defaultI18nNames() (res []string) {
 	}
 	return res
 }
+
+var (
+	// I18n settings
+	Langs []string
+	Names []string
+)
+
+func loadI18nFrom(rootCfg ConfigProvider) {
+	Langs = rootCfg.Section("i18n").Key("LANGS").Strings(",")
+	if len(Langs) == 0 {
+		Langs = defaultI18nLangs()
+	}
+	Names = rootCfg.Section("i18n").Key("NAMES").Strings(",")
+	if len(Names) == 0 {
+		Names = defaultI18nNames()
+	}
+}
diff --git a/modules/setting/incoming_email.go b/modules/setting/incoming_email.go
index b6a637bccd..75337a312f 100644
--- a/modules/setting/incoming_email.go
+++ b/modules/setting/incoming_email.go
@@ -31,10 +31,8 @@ var IncomingEmail = struct {
 	MaximumMessageSize:   10485760,
 }
 
-func newIncomingEmail() {
-	if err := Cfg.Section("email.incoming").MapTo(&IncomingEmail); err != nil {
-		log.Fatal("Unable to map [email.incoming] section on to IncomingEmail. Error: %v", err)
-	}
+func loadIncomingEmailFrom(rootCfg ConfigProvider) {
+	mustMapSetting(rootCfg, "email.incoming", &IncomingEmail)
 
 	if !IncomingEmail.Enabled {
 		return
diff --git a/modules/setting/indexer.go b/modules/setting/indexer.go
index 1b1c8f7e7f..528a9eb655 100644
--- a/modules/setting/indexer.go
+++ b/modules/setting/indexer.go
@@ -45,8 +45,8 @@ var Indexer = struct {
 	ExcludeVendored:    true,
 }
 
-func newIndexerService() {
-	sec := Cfg.Section("indexer")
+func loadIndexerFrom(rootCfg ConfigProvider) {
+	sec := rootCfg.Section("indexer")
 	Indexer.IssueType = sec.Key("ISSUE_INDEXER_TYPE").MustString("bleve")
 	Indexer.IssuePath = filepath.ToSlash(sec.Key("ISSUE_INDEXER_PATH").MustString(filepath.ToSlash(filepath.Join(AppDataPath, "indexers/issues.bleve"))))
 	if !filepath.IsAbs(Indexer.IssuePath) {
@@ -57,11 +57,11 @@ func newIndexerService() {
 
 	// The following settings are deprecated and can be overridden by settings in [queue] or [queue.issue_indexer]
 	// FIXME: DEPRECATED to be removed in v1.18.0
-	deprecatedSetting("indexer", "ISSUE_INDEXER_QUEUE_TYPE", "queue.issue_indexer", "TYPE")
-	deprecatedSetting("indexer", "ISSUE_INDEXER_QUEUE_DIR", "queue.issue_indexer", "DATADIR")
-	deprecatedSetting("indexer", "ISSUE_INDEXER_QUEUE_CONN_STR", "queue.issue_indexer", "CONN_STR")
-	deprecatedSetting("indexer", "ISSUE_INDEXER_QUEUE_BATCH_NUMBER", "queue.issue_indexer", "BATCH_LENGTH")
-	deprecatedSetting("indexer", "UPDATE_BUFFER_LEN", "queue.issue_indexer", "LENGTH")
+	deprecatedSetting(rootCfg, "indexer", "ISSUE_INDEXER_QUEUE_TYPE", "queue.issue_indexer", "TYPE")
+	deprecatedSetting(rootCfg, "indexer", "ISSUE_INDEXER_QUEUE_DIR", "queue.issue_indexer", "DATADIR")
+	deprecatedSetting(rootCfg, "indexer", "ISSUE_INDEXER_QUEUE_CONN_STR", "queue.issue_indexer", "CONN_STR")
+	deprecatedSetting(rootCfg, "indexer", "ISSUE_INDEXER_QUEUE_BATCH_NUMBER", "queue.issue_indexer", "BATCH_LENGTH")
+	deprecatedSetting(rootCfg, "indexer", "UPDATE_BUFFER_LEN", "queue.issue_indexer", "LENGTH")
 
 	Indexer.RepoIndexerEnabled = sec.Key("REPO_INDEXER_ENABLED").MustBool(false)
 	Indexer.RepoType = sec.Key("REPO_INDEXER_TYPE").MustString("bleve")
diff --git a/modules/setting/lfs.go b/modules/setting/lfs.go
index 6f8e875c1d..e6c9e42f2c 100644
--- a/modules/setting/lfs.go
+++ b/modules/setting/lfs.go
@@ -25,22 +25,22 @@ var LFS = struct {
 	Storage
 }{}
 
-func newLFSService() {
-	sec := Cfg.Section("server")
+func loadLFSFrom(rootCfg ConfigProvider) {
+	sec := rootCfg.Section("server")
 	if err := sec.MapTo(&LFS); err != nil {
 		log.Fatal("Failed to map LFS settings: %v", err)
 	}
 
-	lfsSec := Cfg.Section("lfs")
+	lfsSec := rootCfg.Section("lfs")
 	storageType := lfsSec.Key("STORAGE_TYPE").MustString("")
 
 	// Specifically default PATH to LFS_CONTENT_PATH
 	// FIXME: DEPRECATED to be removed in v1.18.0
-	deprecatedSetting("server", "LFS_CONTENT_PATH", "lfs", "PATH")
+	deprecatedSetting(rootCfg, "server", "LFS_CONTENT_PATH", "lfs", "PATH")
 	lfsSec.Key("PATH").MustString(
 		sec.Key("LFS_CONTENT_PATH").String())
 
-	LFS.Storage = getStorage("lfs", storageType, lfsSec)
+	LFS.Storage = getStorage(rootCfg, "lfs", storageType, lfsSec)
 
 	// Rest of LFS service settings
 	if LFS.LocksPagingNum == 0 {
diff --git a/modules/setting/log.go b/modules/setting/log.go
index 8a2d47eda7..5448650aad 100644
--- a/modules/setting/log.go
+++ b/modules/setting/log.go
@@ -25,6 +25,21 @@ var (
 	logDescriptions = make(map[string]*LogDescription)
 )
 
+// Log settings
+var Log struct {
+	Level              log.Level
+	StacktraceLogLevel string
+	RootPath           string
+	EnableSSHLog       bool
+	EnableXORMLog      bool
+
+	DisableRouterLog bool
+
+	EnableAccessLog   bool
+	AccessLogTemplate string
+	BufferLength      int64
+}
+
 // GetLogDescriptions returns a race safe set of descriptions
 func GetLogDescriptions() map[string]*LogDescription {
 	descriptionLock.RLock()
@@ -94,9 +109,9 @@ type defaultLogOptions struct {
 
 func newDefaultLogOptions() defaultLogOptions {
 	return defaultLogOptions{
-		levelName:      LogLevel.String(),
+		levelName:      Log.Level.String(),
 		flags:          "stdflags",
-		filename:       filepath.Join(LogRootPath, "gitea.log"),
+		filename:       filepath.Join(Log.RootPath, "gitea.log"),
 		bufferLength:   10000,
 		disableConsole: false,
 	}
@@ -125,10 +140,33 @@ func getStacktraceLogLevel(section *ini.Section, key, defaultValue string) strin
 	return log.FromString(value).String()
 }
 
+func loadLogFrom(rootCfg ConfigProvider) {
+	sec := rootCfg.Section("log")
+	Log.Level = getLogLevel(sec, "LEVEL", log.INFO)
+	Log.StacktraceLogLevel = getStacktraceLogLevel(sec, "STACKTRACE_LEVEL", "None")
+	Log.RootPath = sec.Key("ROOT_PATH").MustString(path.Join(AppWorkPath, "log"))
+	forcePathSeparator(Log.RootPath)
+	Log.BufferLength = sec.Key("BUFFER_LEN").MustInt64(10000)
+
+	Log.EnableSSHLog = sec.Key("ENABLE_SSH_LOG").MustBool(false)
+	Log.EnableAccessLog = sec.Key("ENABLE_ACCESS_LOG").MustBool(false)
+	Log.AccessLogTemplate = sec.Key("ACCESS_LOG_TEMPLATE").MustString(
+		`{{.Ctx.RemoteAddr}} - {{.Identity}} {{.Start.Format "[02/Jan/2006:15:04:05 -0700]" }} "{{.Ctx.Req.Method}} {{.Ctx.Req.URL.RequestURI}} {{.Ctx.Req.Proto}}" {{.ResponseWriter.Status}} {{.ResponseWriter.Size}} "{{.Ctx.Req.Referer}}\" \"{{.Ctx.Req.UserAgent}}"`,
+	)
+	// the `MustString` updates the default value, and `log.ACCESS` is used by `generateNamedLogger("access")` later
+	_ = rootCfg.Section("log").Key("ACCESS").MustString("file")
+
+	sec.Key("ROUTER").MustString("console")
+	// Allow [log]  DISABLE_ROUTER_LOG to override [server] DISABLE_ROUTER_LOG
+	Log.DisableRouterLog = sec.Key("DISABLE_ROUTER_LOG").MustBool(Log.DisableRouterLog)
+
+	Log.EnableXORMLog = rootCfg.Section("log").Key("ENABLE_XORM_LOG").MustBool(true)
+}
+
 func generateLogConfig(sec *ini.Section, name string, defaults defaultLogOptions) (mode, jsonConfig, levelName string) {
-	level := getLogLevel(sec, "LEVEL", LogLevel)
+	level := getLogLevel(sec, "LEVEL", Log.Level)
 	levelName = level.String()
-	stacktraceLevelName := getStacktraceLogLevel(sec, "STACKTRACE_LEVEL", StacktraceLogLevel)
+	stacktraceLevelName := getStacktraceLogLevel(sec, "STACKTRACE_LEVEL", Log.StacktraceLogLevel)
 	stacktraceLevel := log.FromString(stacktraceLevelName)
 	mode = name
 	keys := sec.Keys()
@@ -144,7 +182,7 @@ func generateLogConfig(sec *ini.Section, name string, defaults defaultLogOptions
 			logPath = key.MustString(defaults.filename)
 			forcePathSeparator(logPath)
 			if !filepath.IsAbs(logPath) {
-				logPath = path.Join(LogRootPath, logPath)
+				logPath = path.Join(Log.RootPath, logPath)
 			}
 		case "FLAGS":
 			flags = log.FlagsFromString(key.MustString(defaults.flags))
@@ -213,12 +251,12 @@ func generateLogConfig(sec *ini.Section, name string, defaults defaultLogOptions
 	return mode, jsonConfig, levelName
 }
 
-func generateNamedLogger(key string, options defaultLogOptions) *LogDescription {
+func generateNamedLogger(rootCfg ConfigProvider, key string, options defaultLogOptions) *LogDescription {
 	description := LogDescription{
 		Name: key,
 	}
 
-	sections := strings.Split(Cfg.Section("log").Key(strings.ToUpper(key)).MustString(""), ",")
+	sections := strings.Split(rootCfg.Section("log").Key(strings.ToUpper(key)).MustString(""), ",")
 
 	for i := 0; i < len(sections); i++ {
 		sections[i] = strings.TrimSpace(sections[i])
@@ -228,9 +266,9 @@ func generateNamedLogger(key string, options defaultLogOptions) *LogDescription
 		if len(name) == 0 || (name == "console" && options.disableConsole) {
 			continue
 		}
-		sec, err := Cfg.GetSection("log." + name + "." + key)
+		sec, err := rootCfg.GetSection("log." + name + "." + key)
 		if err != nil {
-			sec, _ = Cfg.NewSection("log." + name + "." + key)
+			sec, _ = rootCfg.NewSection("log." + name + "." + key)
 		}
 
 		provider, config, levelName := generateLogConfig(sec, name, options)
@@ -253,46 +291,17 @@ func generateNamedLogger(key string, options defaultLogOptions) *LogDescription
 	return &description
 }
 
-func newAccessLogService() {
-	EnableAccessLog = Cfg.Section("log").Key("ENABLE_ACCESS_LOG").MustBool(false)
-	AccessLogTemplate = Cfg.Section("log").Key("ACCESS_LOG_TEMPLATE").MustString(
-		`{{.Ctx.RemoteAddr}} - {{.Identity}} {{.Start.Format "[02/Jan/2006:15:04:05 -0700]" }} "{{.Ctx.Req.Method}} {{.Ctx.Req.URL.RequestURI}} {{.Ctx.Req.Proto}}" {{.ResponseWriter.Status}} {{.ResponseWriter.Size}} "{{.Ctx.Req.Referer}}\" \"{{.Ctx.Req.UserAgent}}"`,
-	)
-	// the `MustString` updates the default value, and `log.ACCESS` is used by `generateNamedLogger("access")` later
-	_ = Cfg.Section("log").Key("ACCESS").MustString("file")
-	if EnableAccessLog {
-		options := newDefaultLogOptions()
-		options.filename = filepath.Join(LogRootPath, "access.log")
-		options.flags = "" // For the router we don't want any prefixed flags
-		options.bufferLength = Cfg.Section("log").Key("BUFFER_LEN").MustInt64(10000)
-		generateNamedLogger("access", options)
-	}
-}
-
-func newRouterLogService() {
-	Cfg.Section("log").Key("ROUTER").MustString("console")
-	// Allow [log]  DISABLE_ROUTER_LOG to override [server] DISABLE_ROUTER_LOG
-	DisableRouterLog = Cfg.Section("log").Key("DISABLE_ROUTER_LOG").MustBool(DisableRouterLog)
-
-	if !DisableRouterLog {
-		options := newDefaultLogOptions()
-		options.filename = filepath.Join(LogRootPath, "router.log")
-		options.flags = "date,time" // For the router we don't want any prefixed flags
-		options.bufferLength = Cfg.Section("log").Key("BUFFER_LEN").MustInt64(10000)
-		generateNamedLogger("router", options)
-	}
-}
-
-func newLogService() {
+// initLogFrom initializes logging with settings from configuration provider
+func initLogFrom(rootCfg ConfigProvider) {
+	sec := rootCfg.Section("log")
 	options := newDefaultLogOptions()
-	options.bufferLength = Cfg.Section("log").Key("BUFFER_LEN").MustInt64(10000)
-	EnableSSHLog = Cfg.Section("log").Key("ENABLE_SSH_LOG").MustBool(false)
+	options.bufferLength = Log.BufferLength
 
 	description := LogDescription{
 		Name: log.DEFAULT,
 	}
 
-	sections := strings.Split(Cfg.Section("log").Key("MODE").MustString("console"), ",")
+	sections := strings.Split(sec.Key("MODE").MustString("console"), ",")
 
 	useConsole := false
 	for _, name := range sections {
@@ -304,11 +313,11 @@ func newLogService() {
 			useConsole = true
 		}
 
-		sec, err := Cfg.GetSection("log." + name + ".default")
+		sec, err := rootCfg.GetSection("log." + name + ".default")
 		if err != nil {
-			sec, err = Cfg.GetSection("log." + name)
+			sec, err = rootCfg.GetSection("log." + name)
 			if err != nil {
-				sec, _ = Cfg.NewSection("log." + name)
+				sec, _ = rootCfg.NewSection("log." + name)
 			}
 		}
 
@@ -340,27 +349,45 @@ func newLogService() {
 // RestartLogsWithPIDSuffix restarts the logs with a PID suffix on files
 func RestartLogsWithPIDSuffix() {
 	filenameSuffix = fmt.Sprintf(".%d", os.Getpid())
-	NewLogServices(false)
+	InitLogs(false)
+}
+
+// InitLogs creates all the log services
+func InitLogs(disableConsole bool) {
+	initLogFrom(CfgProvider)
+
+	if !Log.DisableRouterLog {
+		options := newDefaultLogOptions()
+		options.filename = filepath.Join(Log.RootPath, "router.log")
+		options.flags = "date,time" // For the router we don't want any prefixed flags
+		options.bufferLength = Log.BufferLength
+		generateNamedLogger(CfgProvider, "router", options)
+	}
+
+	if Log.EnableAccessLog {
+		options := newDefaultLogOptions()
+		options.filename = filepath.Join(Log.RootPath, "access.log")
+		options.flags = "" // For the router we don't want any prefixed flags
+		options.bufferLength = Log.BufferLength
+		generateNamedLogger(CfgProvider, "access", options)
+	}
+
+	initSQLLogFrom(CfgProvider, disableConsole)
 }
 
-// NewLogServices creates all the log services
-func NewLogServices(disableConsole bool) {
-	newLogService()
-	newRouterLogService()
-	newAccessLogService()
-	NewXORMLogService(disableConsole)
+// InitSQLLog initializes xorm logger setting
+func InitSQLLog(disableConsole bool) {
+	initSQLLogFrom(CfgProvider, disableConsole)
 }
 
-// NewXORMLogService initializes xorm logger service
-func NewXORMLogService(disableConsole bool) {
-	EnableXORMLog = Cfg.Section("log").Key("ENABLE_XORM_LOG").MustBool(true)
-	if EnableXORMLog {
+func initSQLLogFrom(rootCfg ConfigProvider, disableConsole bool) {
+	if Log.EnableXORMLog {
 		options := newDefaultLogOptions()
-		options.filename = filepath.Join(LogRootPath, "xorm.log")
-		options.bufferLength = Cfg.Section("log").Key("BUFFER_LEN").MustInt64(10000)
+		options.filename = filepath.Join(Log.RootPath, "xorm.log")
+		options.bufferLength = Log.BufferLength
 		options.disableConsole = disableConsole
 
-		Cfg.Section("log").Key("XORM").MustString(",")
-		generateNamedLogger("xorm", options)
+		rootCfg.Section("log").Key("XORM").MustString(",")
+		generateNamedLogger(rootCfg, "xorm", options)
 	}
 }
diff --git a/modules/setting/mailer.go b/modules/setting/mailer.go
index a5d311454d..62a73cb2f3 100644
--- a/modules/setting/mailer.go
+++ b/modules/setting/mailer.go
@@ -12,7 +12,6 @@ import (
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/log"
 
 	shellquote "github.com/kballard/go-shellquote"
-	ini "gopkg.in/ini.v1"
 )
 
 // Mailer represents mail service.
@@ -50,7 +49,14 @@ type Mailer struct {
 // MailService the global mailer
 var MailService *Mailer
 
-func parseMailerConfig(rootCfg *ini.File) {
+func loadMailsFrom(rootCfg ConfigProvider) {
+	loadMailerFrom(rootCfg)
+	loadRegisterMailFrom(rootCfg)
+	loadNotifyMailFrom(rootCfg)
+	loadIncomingEmailFrom(rootCfg)
+}
+
+func loadMailerFrom(rootCfg ConfigProvider) {
 	sec := rootCfg.Section("mailer")
 	// Check mailer setting.
 	if !sec.Key("ENABLED").MustBool() {
@@ -59,7 +65,7 @@ func parseMailerConfig(rootCfg *ini.File) {
 
 	// Handle Deprecations and map on to new configuration
 	// FIXME: DEPRECATED to be removed in v1.19.0
-	deprecatedSetting("mailer", "MAILER_TYPE", "mailer", "PROTOCOL")
+	deprecatedSetting(rootCfg, "mailer", "MAILER_TYPE", "mailer", "PROTOCOL")
 	if sec.HasKey("MAILER_TYPE") && !sec.HasKey("PROTOCOL") {
 		if sec.Key("MAILER_TYPE").String() == "sendmail" {
 			sec.Key("PROTOCOL").MustString("sendmail")
@@ -67,7 +73,7 @@ func parseMailerConfig(rootCfg *ini.File) {
 	}
 
 	// FIXME: DEPRECATED to be removed in v1.19.0
-	deprecatedSetting("mailer", "HOST", "mailer", "SMTP_ADDR")
+	deprecatedSetting(rootCfg, "mailer", "HOST", "mailer", "SMTP_ADDR")
 	if sec.HasKey("HOST") && !sec.HasKey("SMTP_ADDR") {
 		givenHost := sec.Key("HOST").String()
 		addr, port, err := net.SplitHostPort(givenHost)
@@ -84,7 +90,7 @@ func parseMailerConfig(rootCfg *ini.File) {
 	}
 
 	// FIXME: DEPRECATED to be removed in v1.19.0
-	deprecatedSetting("mailer", "IS_TLS_ENABLED", "mailer", "PROTOCOL")
+	deprecatedSetting(rootCfg, "mailer", "IS_TLS_ENABLED", "mailer", "PROTOCOL")
 	if sec.HasKey("IS_TLS_ENABLED") && !sec.HasKey("PROTOCOL") {
 		if sec.Key("IS_TLS_ENABLED").MustBool() {
 			sec.Key("PROTOCOL").MustString("smtps")
@@ -94,37 +100,37 @@ func parseMailerConfig(rootCfg *ini.File) {
 	}
 
 	// FIXME: DEPRECATED to be removed in v1.19.0
-	deprecatedSetting("mailer", "DISABLE_HELO", "mailer", "ENABLE_HELO")
+	deprecatedSetting(rootCfg, "mailer", "DISABLE_HELO", "mailer", "ENABLE_HELO")
 	if sec.HasKey("DISABLE_HELO") && !sec.HasKey("ENABLE_HELO") {
 		sec.Key("ENABLE_HELO").MustBool(!sec.Key("DISABLE_HELO").MustBool())
 	}
 
 	// FIXME: DEPRECATED to be removed in v1.19.0
-	deprecatedSetting("mailer", "SKIP_VERIFY", "mailer", "FORCE_TRUST_SERVER_CERT")
+	deprecatedSetting(rootCfg, "mailer", "SKIP_VERIFY", "mailer", "FORCE_TRUST_SERVER_CERT")
 	if sec.HasKey("SKIP_VERIFY") && !sec.HasKey("FORCE_TRUST_SERVER_CERT") {
 		sec.Key("FORCE_TRUST_SERVER_CERT").MustBool(sec.Key("SKIP_VERIFY").MustBool())
 	}
 
 	// FIXME: DEPRECATED to be removed in v1.19.0
-	deprecatedSetting("mailer", "USE_CERTIFICATE", "mailer", "USE_CLIENT_CERT")
+	deprecatedSetting(rootCfg, "mailer", "USE_CERTIFICATE", "mailer", "USE_CLIENT_CERT")
 	if sec.HasKey("USE_CERTIFICATE") && !sec.HasKey("USE_CLIENT_CERT") {
 		sec.Key("USE_CLIENT_CERT").MustBool(sec.Key("USE_CERTIFICATE").MustBool())
 	}
 
 	// FIXME: DEPRECATED to be removed in v1.19.0
-	deprecatedSetting("mailer", "CERT_FILE", "mailer", "CLIENT_CERT_FILE")
+	deprecatedSetting(rootCfg, "mailer", "CERT_FILE", "mailer", "CLIENT_CERT_FILE")
 	if sec.HasKey("CERT_FILE") && !sec.HasKey("CLIENT_CERT_FILE") {
 		sec.Key("CERT_FILE").MustString(sec.Key("CERT_FILE").String())
 	}
 
 	// FIXME: DEPRECATED to be removed in v1.19.0
-	deprecatedSetting("mailer", "KEY_FILE", "mailer", "CLIENT_KEY_FILE")
+	deprecatedSetting(rootCfg, "mailer", "KEY_FILE", "mailer", "CLIENT_KEY_FILE")
 	if sec.HasKey("KEY_FILE") && !sec.HasKey("CLIENT_KEY_FILE") {
 		sec.Key("KEY_FILE").MustString(sec.Key("KEY_FILE").String())
 	}
 
 	// FIXME: DEPRECATED to be removed in v1.19.0
-	deprecatedSetting("mailer", "ENABLE_HTML_ALTERNATIVE", "mailer", "SEND_AS_PLAIN_TEXT")
+	deprecatedSetting(rootCfg, "mailer", "ENABLE_HTML_ALTERNATIVE", "mailer", "SEND_AS_PLAIN_TEXT")
 	if sec.HasKey("ENABLE_HTML_ALTERNATIVE") && !sec.HasKey("SEND_AS_PLAIN_TEXT") {
 		sec.Key("SEND_AS_PLAIN_TEXT").MustBool(!sec.Key("ENABLE_HTML_ALTERNATIVE").MustBool(false))
 	}
@@ -237,8 +243,8 @@ func parseMailerConfig(rootCfg *ini.File) {
 	log.Info("Mail Service Enabled")
 }
 
-func newRegisterMailService() {
-	if !Cfg.Section("service").Key("REGISTER_EMAIL_CONFIRM").MustBool() {
+func loadRegisterMailFrom(rootCfg ConfigProvider) {
+	if !rootCfg.Section("service").Key("REGISTER_EMAIL_CONFIRM").MustBool() {
 		return
 	} else if MailService == nil {
 		log.Warn("Register Mail Service: Mail Service is not enabled")
@@ -248,8 +254,8 @@ func newRegisterMailService() {
 	log.Info("Register Mail Service Enabled")
 }
 
-func newNotifyMailService() {
-	if !Cfg.Section("service").Key("ENABLE_NOTIFY_MAIL").MustBool() {
+func loadNotifyMailFrom(rootCfg ConfigProvider) {
+	if !rootCfg.Section("service").Key("ENABLE_NOTIFY_MAIL").MustBool() {
 		return
 	} else if MailService == nil {
 		log.Warn("Notify Mail Service: Mail Service is not enabled")
diff --git a/modules/setting/mailer_test.go b/modules/setting/mailer_test.go
index 0fc9b0e73f..4cfd6142be 100644
--- a/modules/setting/mailer_test.go
+++ b/modules/setting/mailer_test.go
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ import (
 	ini "gopkg.in/ini.v1"
 )
 
-func TestParseMailerConfig(t *testing.T) {
+func Test_loadMailerFrom(t *testing.T) {
 	iniFile := ini.Empty()
 	kases := map[string]*Mailer{
 		"smtp.mydomain.com": {
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ func TestParseMailerConfig(t *testing.T) {
 			sec.NewKey("HOST", host)
 
 			// Check mailer setting
-			parseMailerConfig(iniFile)
+			loadMailerFrom(iniFile)
 
 			assert.EqualValues(t, kase.SMTPAddr, MailService.SMTPAddr)
 			assert.EqualValues(t, kase.SMTPPort, MailService.SMTPPort)
diff --git a/modules/setting/markup.go b/modules/setting/markup.go
index c262234b6a..b71a902be6 100644
--- a/modules/setting/markup.go
+++ b/modules/setting/markup.go
@@ -25,6 +25,20 @@ const (
 	RenderContentModeIframe      = "iframe"
 )
 
+// Markdown settings
+var Markdown = struct {
+	EnableHardLineBreakInComments  bool
+	EnableHardLineBreakInDocuments bool
+	CustomURLSchemes               []string `ini:"CUSTOM_URL_SCHEMES"`
+	FileExtensions                 []string
+	EnableMath                     bool
+}{
+	EnableHardLineBreakInComments:  true,
+	EnableHardLineBreakInDocuments: false,
+	FileExtensions:                 strings.Split(".md,.markdown,.mdown,.mkd", ","),
+	EnableMath:                     true,
+}
+
 // MarkupRenderer defines the external parser configured in ini
 type MarkupRenderer struct {
 	Enabled              bool
@@ -46,12 +60,14 @@ type MarkupSanitizerRule struct {
 	AllowDataURIImages bool
 }
 
-func newMarkup() {
-	MermaidMaxSourceCharacters = Cfg.Section("markup").Key("MERMAID_MAX_SOURCE_CHARACTERS").MustInt(5000)
+func loadMarkupFrom(rootCfg ConfigProvider) {
+	mustMapSetting(rootCfg, "markdown", &Markdown)
+
+	MermaidMaxSourceCharacters = rootCfg.Section("markup").Key("MERMAID_MAX_SOURCE_CHARACTERS").MustInt(5000)
 	ExternalMarkupRenderers = make([]*MarkupRenderer, 0, 10)
 	ExternalSanitizerRules = make([]MarkupSanitizerRule, 0, 10)
 
-	for _, sec := range Cfg.Section("markup").ChildSections() {
+	for _, sec := range rootCfg.Section("markup").ChildSections() {
 		name := strings.TrimPrefix(sec.Name(), "markup.")
 		if name == "" {
 			log.Warn("name is empty, markup " + sec.Name() + "ignored")
diff --git a/modules/setting/metrics.go b/modules/setting/metrics.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..daa0e3b70b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/modules/setting/metrics.go
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+// Copyright 2023 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package setting
+
+// Metrics settings
+var Metrics = struct {
+	Enabled                  bool
+	Token                    string
+	EnabledIssueByLabel      bool
+	EnabledIssueByRepository bool
+}{
+	Enabled:                  false,
+	Token:                    "",
+	EnabledIssueByLabel:      false,
+	EnabledIssueByRepository: false,
+}
+
+func loadMetricsFrom(rootCfg ConfigProvider) {
+	mustMapSetting(rootCfg, "metrics", &Metrics)
+}
diff --git a/modules/setting/migrations.go b/modules/setting/migrations.go
index 2f6d08b6b8..5a6079b6e2 100644
--- a/modules/setting/migrations.go
+++ b/modules/setting/migrations.go
@@ -16,8 +16,8 @@ var Migrations = struct {
 	RetryBackoff: 3,
 }
 
-func newMigrationsService() {
-	sec := Cfg.Section("migrations")
+func loadMigrationsFrom(rootCfg ConfigProvider) {
+	sec := rootCfg.Section("migrations")
 	Migrations.MaxAttempts = sec.Key("MAX_ATTEMPTS").MustInt(Migrations.MaxAttempts)
 	Migrations.RetryBackoff = sec.Key("RETRY_BACKOFF").MustInt(Migrations.RetryBackoff)
 
diff --git a/modules/setting/mime_type_map.go b/modules/setting/mime_type_map.go
index 6a0847bd7e..55cb2c028d 100644
--- a/modules/setting/mime_type_map.go
+++ b/modules/setting/mime_type_map.go
@@ -14,8 +14,8 @@ var MimeTypeMap = struct {
 	Map:     map[string]string{},
 }
 
-func newMimeTypeMap() {
-	sec := Cfg.Section("repository.mimetype_mapping")
+func loadMimeTypeMapFrom(rootCfg ConfigProvider) {
+	sec := rootCfg.Section("repository.mimetype_mapping")
 	keys := sec.Keys()
 	m := make(map[string]string, len(keys))
 	for _, key := range keys {
diff --git a/modules/setting/mirror.go b/modules/setting/mirror.go
index 9ddce97daf..875062f522 100644
--- a/modules/setting/mirror.go
+++ b/modules/setting/mirror.go
@@ -24,16 +24,16 @@ var Mirror = struct {
 	DefaultInterval: 8 * time.Hour,
 }
 
-func newMirror() {
+func loadMirrorFrom(rootCfg ConfigProvider) {
 	// Handle old configuration through `[repository]` `DISABLE_MIRRORS`
 	// - please note this was badly named and only disabled the creation of new pull mirrors
 	// FIXME: DEPRECATED to be removed in v1.18.0
-	deprecatedSetting("repository", "DISABLE_MIRRORS", "mirror", "ENABLED")
-	if Cfg.Section("repository").Key("DISABLE_MIRRORS").MustBool(false) {
+	deprecatedSetting(rootCfg, "repository", "DISABLE_MIRRORS", "mirror", "ENABLED")
+	if rootCfg.Section("repository").Key("DISABLE_MIRRORS").MustBool(false) {
 		Mirror.DisableNewPull = true
 	}
 
-	if err := Cfg.Section("mirror").MapTo(&Mirror); err != nil {
+	if err := rootCfg.Section("mirror").MapTo(&Mirror); err != nil {
 		log.Fatal("Failed to map Mirror settings: %v", err)
 	}
 
diff --git a/modules/setting/oauth2_client.go b/modules/setting/oauth2.go
index 6492af82d2..44f5568ef4 100644
--- a/modules/setting/oauth2_client.go
+++ b/modules/setting/oauth2.go
@@ -4,6 +4,9 @@
 package setting
 
 import (
+	"math"
+	"path/filepath"
+
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/log"
 
 	"gopkg.in/ini.v1"
@@ -59,8 +62,8 @@ var OAuth2Client struct {
 	AccountLinking         OAuth2AccountLinkingType
 }
 
-func newOAuth2Client() {
-	sec := Cfg.Section("oauth2_client")
+func loadOAuth2ClientFrom(rootCfg ConfigProvider) {
+	sec := rootCfg.Section("oauth2_client")
 	OAuth2Client.RegisterEmailConfirm = sec.Key("REGISTER_EMAIL_CONFIRM").MustBool(Service.RegisterEmailConfirm)
 	OAuth2Client.OpenIDConnectScopes = parseScopes(sec, "OPENID_CONNECT_SCOPES")
 	OAuth2Client.EnableAutoRegistration = sec.Key("ENABLE_AUTO_REGISTRATION").MustBool()
@@ -87,3 +90,33 @@ func parseScopes(sec *ini.Section, name string) []string {
 	}
 	return scopes
 }
+
+var OAuth2 = struct {
+	Enable                     bool
+	AccessTokenExpirationTime  int64
+	RefreshTokenExpirationTime int64
+	InvalidateRefreshTokens    bool
+	JWTSigningAlgorithm        string `ini:"JWT_SIGNING_ALGORITHM"`
+	JWTSecretBase64            string `ini:"JWT_SECRET"`
+	JWTSigningPrivateKeyFile   string `ini:"JWT_SIGNING_PRIVATE_KEY_FILE"`
+	MaxTokenLength             int
+}{
+	Enable:                     true,
+	AccessTokenExpirationTime:  3600,
+	RefreshTokenExpirationTime: 730,
+	InvalidateRefreshTokens:    false,
+	JWTSigningAlgorithm:        "RS256",
+	JWTSigningPrivateKeyFile:   "jwt/private.pem",
+	MaxTokenLength:             math.MaxInt16,
+}
+
+func loadOAuth2From(rootCfg ConfigProvider) {
+	if err := rootCfg.Section("oauth2").MapTo(&OAuth2); err != nil {
+		log.Fatal("Failed to OAuth2 settings: %v", err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	if !filepath.IsAbs(OAuth2.JWTSigningPrivateKeyFile) {
+		OAuth2.JWTSigningPrivateKeyFile = filepath.Join(AppDataPath, OAuth2.JWTSigningPrivateKeyFile)
+	}
+}
diff --git a/modules/setting/other.go b/modules/setting/other.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4fba754a08
--- /dev/null
+++ b/modules/setting/other.go
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+// Copyright 2023 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package setting
+
+var (
+	// Other settings
+	ShowFooterBranding         bool
+	ShowFooterVersion          bool
+	ShowFooterTemplateLoadTime bool
+	EnableFeed                 bool
+	EnableSitemap              bool
+)
+
+func loadOtherFrom(rootCfg ConfigProvider) {
+	sec := rootCfg.Section("other")
+	ShowFooterBranding = sec.Key("SHOW_FOOTER_BRANDING").MustBool(false)
+	ShowFooterVersion = sec.Key("SHOW_FOOTER_VERSION").MustBool(true)
+	ShowFooterTemplateLoadTime = sec.Key("SHOW_FOOTER_TEMPLATE_LOAD_TIME").MustBool(true)
+	EnableSitemap = sec.Key("ENABLE_SITEMAP").MustBool(true)
+	EnableFeed = sec.Key("ENABLE_FEED").MustBool(true)
+}
diff --git a/modules/setting/packages.go b/modules/setting/packages.go
index 84da4eb53e..13599e5a63 100644
--- a/modules/setting/packages.go
+++ b/modules/setting/packages.go
@@ -46,13 +46,13 @@ var (
 	}
 )
 
-func newPackages() {
-	sec := Cfg.Section("packages")
+func loadPackagesFrom(rootCfg ConfigProvider) {
+	sec := rootCfg.Section("packages")
 	if err := sec.MapTo(&Packages); err != nil {
 		log.Fatal("Failed to map Packages settings: %v", err)
 	}
 
-	Packages.Storage = getStorage("packages", "", nil)
+	Packages.Storage = getStorage(rootCfg, "packages", "", nil)
 
 	appURL, _ := url.Parse(AppURL)
 	Packages.RegistryHost = appURL.Host
diff --git a/modules/setting/picture.go b/modules/setting/picture.go
index a814af822f..6d7c8b33ce 100644
--- a/modules/setting/picture.go
+++ b/modules/setting/picture.go
@@ -32,16 +32,16 @@ var (
 	}{}
 )
 
-func newPictureService() {
-	sec := Cfg.Section("picture")
+func loadPictureFrom(rootCfg ConfigProvider) {
+	sec := rootCfg.Section("picture")
 
-	avatarSec := Cfg.Section("avatar")
+	avatarSec := rootCfg.Section("avatar")
 	storageType := sec.Key("AVATAR_STORAGE_TYPE").MustString("")
 	// Specifically default PATH to AVATAR_UPLOAD_PATH
 	avatarSec.Key("PATH").MustString(
 		sec.Key("AVATAR_UPLOAD_PATH").String())
 
-	Avatar.Storage = getStorage("avatars", storageType, avatarSec)
+	Avatar.Storage = getStorage(rootCfg, "avatars", storageType, avatarSec)
 
 	Avatar.MaxWidth = sec.Key("AVATAR_MAX_WIDTH").MustInt(4096)
 	Avatar.MaxHeight = sec.Key("AVATAR_MAX_HEIGHT").MustInt(3072)
@@ -60,11 +60,11 @@ func newPictureService() {
 	}
 
 	DisableGravatar = sec.Key("DISABLE_GRAVATAR").MustBool(GetDefaultDisableGravatar())
-	deprecatedSettingDB("", "DISABLE_GRAVATAR")
+	deprecatedSettingDB(rootCfg, "", "DISABLE_GRAVATAR")
 	EnableFederatedAvatar = sec.Key("ENABLE_FEDERATED_AVATAR").MustBool(GetDefaultEnableFederatedAvatar(DisableGravatar))
-	deprecatedSettingDB("", "ENABLE_FEDERATED_AVATAR")
+	deprecatedSettingDB(rootCfg, "", "ENABLE_FEDERATED_AVATAR")
 
-	newRepoAvatarService()
+	loadRepoAvatarFrom(rootCfg)
 }
 
 func GetDefaultDisableGravatar() bool {
@@ -82,16 +82,16 @@ func GetDefaultEnableFederatedAvatar(disableGravatar bool) bool {
 	return v
 }
 
-func newRepoAvatarService() {
-	sec := Cfg.Section("picture")
+func loadRepoAvatarFrom(rootCfg ConfigProvider) {
+	sec := rootCfg.Section("picture")
 
-	repoAvatarSec := Cfg.Section("repo-avatar")
+	repoAvatarSec := rootCfg.Section("repo-avatar")
 	storageType := sec.Key("REPOSITORY_AVATAR_STORAGE_TYPE").MustString("")
 	// Specifically default PATH to AVATAR_UPLOAD_PATH
 	repoAvatarSec.Key("PATH").MustString(
 		sec.Key("REPOSITORY_AVATAR_UPLOAD_PATH").String())
 
-	RepoAvatar.Storage = getStorage("repo-avatars", storageType, repoAvatarSec)
+	RepoAvatar.Storage = getStorage(rootCfg, "repo-avatars", storageType, repoAvatarSec)
 
 	RepoAvatar.Fallback = sec.Key("REPOSITORY_AVATAR_FALLBACK").MustString("none")
 	RepoAvatar.FallbackImage = sec.Key("REPOSITORY_AVATAR_FALLBACK_IMAGE").MustString("/assets/img/repo_default.png")
diff --git a/modules/setting/project.go b/modules/setting/project.go
index 53e09e8dad..803e933b88 100644
--- a/modules/setting/project.go
+++ b/modules/setting/project.go
@@ -3,8 +3,6 @@
 
 package setting
 
-import "code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/log"
-
 // Project settings
 var (
 	Project = struct {
@@ -16,8 +14,6 @@ var (
 	}
 )
 
-func newProject() {
-	if err := Cfg.Section("project").MapTo(&Project); err != nil {
-		log.Fatal("Failed to map Project settings: %v", err)
-	}
+func loadProjectFrom(rootCfg ConfigProvider) {
+	mustMapSetting(rootCfg, "project", &Project)
 }
diff --git a/modules/setting/proxy.go b/modules/setting/proxy.go
index fed33395ed..4ff420d090 100644
--- a/modules/setting/proxy.go
+++ b/modules/setting/proxy.go
@@ -21,8 +21,8 @@ var Proxy = struct {
 	ProxyHosts: []string{},
 }
 
-func newProxyService() {
-	sec := Cfg.Section("proxy")
+func loadProxyFrom(rootCfg ConfigProvider) {
+	sec := rootCfg.Section("proxy")
 	Proxy.Enabled = sec.Key("PROXY_ENABLED").MustBool(false)
 	Proxy.ProxyURL = sec.Key("PROXY_URL").MustString("")
 	if Proxy.ProxyURL != "" {
diff --git a/modules/setting/queue.go b/modules/setting/queue.go
index a67d0d849a..bd4bf48e33 100644
--- a/modules/setting/queue.go
+++ b/modules/setting/queue.go
@@ -39,8 +39,12 @@ var Queue = QueueSettings{}
 
 // GetQueueSettings returns the queue settings for the appropriately named queue
 func GetQueueSettings(name string) QueueSettings {
+	return getQueueSettings(CfgProvider, name)
+}
+
+func getQueueSettings(rootCfg ConfigProvider, name string) QueueSettings {
 	q := QueueSettings{}
-	sec := Cfg.Section("queue." + name)
+	sec := rootCfg.Section("queue." + name)
 	q.Name = name
 
 	// DataDir is not directly inheritable
@@ -82,10 +86,14 @@ func GetQueueSettings(name string) QueueSettings {
 	return q
 }
 
-// NewQueueService sets up the default settings for Queues
+// LoadQueueSettings sets up the default settings for Queues
 // This is exported for tests to be able to use the queue
-func NewQueueService() {
-	sec := Cfg.Section("queue")
+func LoadQueueSettings() {
+	loadQueueFrom(CfgProvider)
+}
+
+func loadQueueFrom(rootCfg ConfigProvider) {
+	sec := rootCfg.Section("queue")
 	Queue.DataDir = filepath.ToSlash(sec.Key("DATADIR").MustString("queues/"))
 	if !filepath.IsAbs(Queue.DataDir) {
 		Queue.DataDir = filepath.ToSlash(filepath.Join(AppDataPath, Queue.DataDir))
@@ -108,10 +116,10 @@ func NewQueueService() {
 
 	// Now handle the old issue_indexer configuration
 	// FIXME: DEPRECATED to be removed in v1.18.0
-	section := Cfg.Section("queue.issue_indexer")
+	section := rootCfg.Section("queue.issue_indexer")
 	directlySet := toDirectlySetKeysSet(section)
 	if !directlySet.Contains("TYPE") && defaultType == "" {
-		switch typ := Cfg.Section("indexer").Key("ISSUE_INDEXER_QUEUE_TYPE").MustString(""); typ {
+		switch typ := rootCfg.Section("indexer").Key("ISSUE_INDEXER_QUEUE_TYPE").MustString(""); typ {
 		case "levelqueue":
 			_, _ = section.NewKey("TYPE", "level")
 		case "channel":
@@ -125,25 +133,25 @@ func NewQueueService() {
 		}
 	}
 	if !directlySet.Contains("LENGTH") {
-		length := Cfg.Section("indexer").Key("UPDATE_BUFFER_LEN").MustInt(0)
+		length := rootCfg.Section("indexer").Key("UPDATE_BUFFER_LEN").MustInt(0)
 		if length != 0 {
 			_, _ = section.NewKey("LENGTH", strconv.Itoa(length))
 		}
 	}
 	if !directlySet.Contains("BATCH_LENGTH") {
-		fallback := Cfg.Section("indexer").Key("ISSUE_INDEXER_QUEUE_BATCH_NUMBER").MustInt(0)
+		fallback := rootCfg.Section("indexer").Key("ISSUE_INDEXER_QUEUE_BATCH_NUMBER").MustInt(0)
 		if fallback != 0 {
 			_, _ = section.NewKey("BATCH_LENGTH", strconv.Itoa(fallback))
 		}
 	}
 	if !directlySet.Contains("DATADIR") {
-		queueDir := filepath.ToSlash(Cfg.Section("indexer").Key("ISSUE_INDEXER_QUEUE_DIR").MustString(""))
+		queueDir := filepath.ToSlash(rootCfg.Section("indexer").Key("ISSUE_INDEXER_QUEUE_DIR").MustString(""))
 		if queueDir != "" {
 			_, _ = section.NewKey("DATADIR", queueDir)
 		}
 	}
 	if !directlySet.Contains("CONN_STR") {
-		connStr := Cfg.Section("indexer").Key("ISSUE_INDEXER_QUEUE_CONN_STR").MustString("")
+		connStr := rootCfg.Section("indexer").Key("ISSUE_INDEXER_QUEUE_CONN_STR").MustString("")
 		if connStr != "" {
 			_, _ = section.NewKey("CONN_STR", connStr)
 		}
@@ -153,31 +161,31 @@ func NewQueueService() {
 	// - will need to set default for [queue.*)] LENGTH appropriately though though
 
 	// Handle the old mailer configuration
-	handleOldLengthConfiguration("mailer", "mailer", "SEND_BUFFER_LEN", 100)
+	handleOldLengthConfiguration(rootCfg, "mailer", "mailer", "SEND_BUFFER_LEN", 100)
 
 	// Handle the old test pull requests configuration
 	// Please note this will be a unique queue
-	handleOldLengthConfiguration("pr_patch_checker", "repository", "PULL_REQUEST_QUEUE_LENGTH", 1000)
+	handleOldLengthConfiguration(rootCfg, "pr_patch_checker", "repository", "PULL_REQUEST_QUEUE_LENGTH", 1000)
 
 	// Handle the old mirror queue configuration
 	// Please note this will be a unique queue
-	handleOldLengthConfiguration("mirror", "repository", "MIRROR_QUEUE_LENGTH", 1000)
+	handleOldLengthConfiguration(rootCfg, "mirror", "repository", "MIRROR_QUEUE_LENGTH", 1000)
 }
 
 // handleOldLengthConfiguration allows fallback to older configuration. `[queue.name]` `LENGTH` will override this configuration, but
 // if that is left unset then we should fallback to the older configuration. (Except where the new length woul be <=0)
-func handleOldLengthConfiguration(queueName, oldSection, oldKey string, defaultValue int) {
-	if Cfg.Section(oldSection).HasKey(oldKey) {
+func handleOldLengthConfiguration(rootCfg ConfigProvider, queueName, oldSection, oldKey string, defaultValue int) {
+	if rootCfg.Section(oldSection).HasKey(oldKey) {
 		log.Error("Deprecated fallback for %s queue length `[%s]` `%s` present. Use `[queue.%s]` `LENGTH`. This will be removed in v1.18.0", queueName, queueName, oldSection, oldKey)
 	}
-	value := Cfg.Section(oldSection).Key(oldKey).MustInt(defaultValue)
+	value := rootCfg.Section(oldSection).Key(oldKey).MustInt(defaultValue)
 
 	// Don't override with 0
 	if value <= 0 {
 		return
 	}
 
-	section := Cfg.Section("queue." + queueName)
+	section := rootCfg.Section("queue." + queueName)
 	directlySet := toDirectlySetKeysSet(section)
 	if !directlySet.Contains("LENGTH") {
 		_, _ = section.NewKey("LENGTH", strconv.Itoa(value))
diff --git a/modules/setting/repository.go b/modules/setting/repository.go
index f53de17a4d..4964704dba 100644
--- a/modules/setting/repository.go
+++ b/modules/setting/repository.go
@@ -270,10 +270,10 @@ var (
 	}{}
 )
 
-func newRepository() {
+func loadRepositoryFrom(rootCfg ConfigProvider) {
 	var err error
 	// Determine and create root git repository path.
-	sec := Cfg.Section("repository")
+	sec := rootCfg.Section("repository")
 	Repository.DisableHTTPGit = sec.Key("DISABLE_HTTP_GIT").MustBool()
 	Repository.UseCompatSSHURI = sec.Key("USE_COMPAT_SSH_URI").MustBool()
 	Repository.MaxCreationLimit = sec.Key("MAX_CREATION_LIMIT").MustInt(-1)
@@ -295,19 +295,19 @@ func newRepository() {
 		log.Warn("SCRIPT_TYPE %q is not on the current PATH. Are you sure that this is the correct SCRIPT_TYPE?", ScriptType)
 	}
 
-	if err = Cfg.Section("repository").MapTo(&Repository); err != nil {
+	if err = sec.MapTo(&Repository); err != nil {
 		log.Fatal("Failed to map Repository settings: %v", err)
-	} else if err = Cfg.Section("repository.editor").MapTo(&Repository.Editor); err != nil {
+	} else if err = rootCfg.Section("repository.editor").MapTo(&Repository.Editor); err != nil {
 		log.Fatal("Failed to map Repository.Editor settings: %v", err)
-	} else if err = Cfg.Section("repository.upload").MapTo(&Repository.Upload); err != nil {
+	} else if err = rootCfg.Section("repository.upload").MapTo(&Repository.Upload); err != nil {
 		log.Fatal("Failed to map Repository.Upload settings: %v", err)
-	} else if err = Cfg.Section("repository.local").MapTo(&Repository.Local); err != nil {
+	} else if err = rootCfg.Section("repository.local").MapTo(&Repository.Local); err != nil {
 		log.Fatal("Failed to map Repository.Local settings: %v", err)
-	} else if err = Cfg.Section("repository.pull-request").MapTo(&Repository.PullRequest); err != nil {
+	} else if err = rootCfg.Section("repository.pull-request").MapTo(&Repository.PullRequest); err != nil {
 		log.Fatal("Failed to map Repository.PullRequest settings: %v", err)
 	}
 
-	if !Cfg.Section("packages").Key("ENABLED").MustBool(true) {
+	if !rootCfg.Section("packages").Key("ENABLED").MustBool(true) {
 		Repository.DisabledRepoUnits = append(Repository.DisabledRepoUnits, "repo.packages")
 	}
 
@@ -354,5 +354,5 @@ func newRepository() {
 		Repository.Upload.TempPath = path.Join(AppWorkPath, Repository.Upload.TempPath)
 	}
 
-	RepoArchive.Storage = getStorage("repo-archive", "", nil)
+	RepoArchive.Storage = getStorage(rootCfg, "repo-archive", "", nil)
 }
diff --git a/modules/setting/security.go b/modules/setting/security.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b9841cdb95
--- /dev/null
+++ b/modules/setting/security.go
@@ -0,0 +1,158 @@
+// Copyright 2023 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package setting
+
+import (
+	"net/url"
+	"os"
+	"strings"
+
+	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/auth/password/hash"
+	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/generate"
+	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/log"
+
+	ini "gopkg.in/ini.v1"
+)
+
+var (
+	// Security settings
+	InstallLock                        bool
+	SecretKey                          string
+	InternalToken                      string // internal access token
+	LogInRememberDays                  int
+	CookieUserName                     string
+	CookieRememberName                 string
+	ReverseProxyAuthUser               string
+	ReverseProxyAuthEmail              string
+	ReverseProxyAuthFullName           string
+	ReverseProxyLimit                  int
+	ReverseProxyTrustedProxies         []string
+	MinPasswordLength                  int
+	ImportLocalPaths                   bool
+	DisableGitHooks                    bool
+	DisableWebhooks                    bool
+	OnlyAllowPushIfGiteaEnvironmentSet bool
+	PasswordComplexity                 []string
+	PasswordHashAlgo                   string
+	PasswordCheckPwn                   bool
+	SuccessfulTokensCacheSize          int
+	CSRFCookieName                     = "_csrf"
+	CSRFCookieHTTPOnly                 = true
+)
+
+// loadSecret load the secret from ini by uriKey or verbatimKey, only one of them could be set
+// If the secret is loaded from uriKey (file), the file should be non-empty, to guarantee the behavior stable and clear.
+func loadSecret(sec *ini.Section, uriKey, verbatimKey string) string {
+	// don't allow setting both URI and verbatim string
+	uri := sec.Key(uriKey).String()
+	verbatim := sec.Key(verbatimKey).String()
+	if uri != "" && verbatim != "" {
+		log.Fatal("Cannot specify both %s and %s", uriKey, verbatimKey)
+	}
+
+	// if we have no URI, use verbatim
+	if uri == "" {
+		return verbatim
+	}
+
+	tempURI, err := url.Parse(uri)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Fatal("Failed to parse %s (%s): %v", uriKey, uri, err)
+	}
+	switch tempURI.Scheme {
+	case "file":
+		buf, err := os.ReadFile(tempURI.RequestURI())
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Fatal("Failed to read %s (%s): %v", uriKey, tempURI.RequestURI(), err)
+		}
+		val := strings.TrimSpace(string(buf))
+		if val == "" {
+			// The file shouldn't be empty, otherwise we can not know whether the user has ever set the KEY or KEY_URI
+			// For example: if INTERNAL_TOKEN_URI=file:///empty-file,
+			// Then if the token is re-generated during installation and saved to INTERNAL_TOKEN
+			// Then INTERNAL_TOKEN and INTERNAL_TOKEN_URI both exist, that's a fatal error (they shouldn't)
+			log.Fatal("Failed to read %s (%s): the file is empty", uriKey, tempURI.RequestURI())
+		}
+		return val
+
+	// only file URIs are allowed
+	default:
+		log.Fatal("Unsupported URI-Scheme %q (INTERNAL_TOKEN_URI = %q)", tempURI.Scheme, uri)
+		return ""
+	}
+}
+
+// generateSaveInternalToken generates and saves the internal token to app.ini
+func generateSaveInternalToken() {
+	token, err := generate.NewInternalToken()
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Fatal("Error generate internal token: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	InternalToken = token
+	CreateOrAppendToCustomConf("security.INTERNAL_TOKEN", func(cfg *ini.File) {
+		cfg.Section("security").Key("INTERNAL_TOKEN").SetValue(token)
+	})
+}
+
+func loadSecurityFrom(rootCfg ConfigProvider) {
+	sec := rootCfg.Section("security")
+	InstallLock = sec.Key("INSTALL_LOCK").MustBool(false)
+	LogInRememberDays = sec.Key("LOGIN_REMEMBER_DAYS").MustInt(7)
+	CookieUserName = sec.Key("COOKIE_USERNAME").MustString("gitea_awesome")
+	SecretKey = loadSecret(sec, "SECRET_KEY_URI", "SECRET_KEY")
+	if SecretKey == "" {
+		// FIXME: https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/issues/16832
+		// Until it supports rotating an existing secret key, we shouldn't move users off of the widely used default value
+		SecretKey = "!#@FDEWREWR&*(" //nolint:gosec
+	}
+
+	CookieRememberName = sec.Key("COOKIE_REMEMBER_NAME").MustString("gitea_incredible")
+
+	ReverseProxyAuthUser = sec.Key("REVERSE_PROXY_AUTHENTICATION_USER").MustString("X-WEBAUTH-USER")
+	ReverseProxyAuthEmail = sec.Key("REVERSE_PROXY_AUTHENTICATION_EMAIL").MustString("X-WEBAUTH-EMAIL")
+	ReverseProxyAuthFullName = sec.Key("REVERSE_PROXY_AUTHENTICATION_FULL_NAME").MustString("X-WEBAUTH-FULLNAME")
+
+	ReverseProxyLimit = sec.Key("REVERSE_PROXY_LIMIT").MustInt(1)
+	ReverseProxyTrustedProxies = sec.Key("REVERSE_PROXY_TRUSTED_PROXIES").Strings(",")
+	if len(ReverseProxyTrustedProxies) == 0 {
+		ReverseProxyTrustedProxies = []string{"127.0.0.0/8", "::1/128"}
+	}
+
+	MinPasswordLength = sec.Key("MIN_PASSWORD_LENGTH").MustInt(6)
+	ImportLocalPaths = sec.Key("IMPORT_LOCAL_PATHS").MustBool(false)
+	DisableGitHooks = sec.Key("DISABLE_GIT_HOOKS").MustBool(true)
+	DisableWebhooks = sec.Key("DISABLE_WEBHOOKS").MustBool(false)
+	OnlyAllowPushIfGiteaEnvironmentSet = sec.Key("ONLY_ALLOW_PUSH_IF_GITEA_ENVIRONMENT_SET").MustBool(true)
+
+	// Ensure that the provided default hash algorithm is a valid hash algorithm
+	var algorithm *hash.PasswordHashAlgorithm
+	PasswordHashAlgo, algorithm = hash.SetDefaultPasswordHashAlgorithm(sec.Key("PASSWORD_HASH_ALGO").MustString(""))
+	if algorithm == nil {
+		log.Fatal("The provided password hash algorithm was invalid: %s", sec.Key("PASSWORD_HASH_ALGO").MustString(""))
+	}
+
+	CSRFCookieHTTPOnly = sec.Key("CSRF_COOKIE_HTTP_ONLY").MustBool(true)
+	PasswordCheckPwn = sec.Key("PASSWORD_CHECK_PWN").MustBool(false)
+	SuccessfulTokensCacheSize = sec.Key("SUCCESSFUL_TOKENS_CACHE_SIZE").MustInt(20)
+
+	InternalToken = loadSecret(sec, "INTERNAL_TOKEN_URI", "INTERNAL_TOKEN")
+	if InstallLock && InternalToken == "" {
+		// if Gitea has been installed but the InternalToken hasn't been generated (upgrade from an old release), we should generate
+		// some users do cluster deployment, they still depend on this auto-generating behavior.
+		generateSaveInternalToken()
+	}
+
+	cfgdata := sec.Key("PASSWORD_COMPLEXITY").Strings(",")
+	if len(cfgdata) == 0 {
+		cfgdata = []string{"off"}
+	}
+	PasswordComplexity = make([]string, 0, len(cfgdata))
+	for _, name := range cfgdata {
+		name := strings.ToLower(strings.Trim(name, `"`))
+		if name != "" {
+			PasswordComplexity = append(PasswordComplexity, name)
+		}
+	}
+}
diff --git a/modules/setting/server.go b/modules/setting/server.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6b0f3752e1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/modules/setting/server.go
@@ -0,0 +1,356 @@
+// Copyright 2023 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package setting
+
+import (
+	"encoding/base64"
+	"net"
+	"net/url"
+	"path"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+
+	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/json"
+	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/log"
+	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/util"
+)
+
+// Scheme describes protocol types
+type Scheme string
+
+// enumerates all the scheme types
+const (
+	HTTP     Scheme = "http"
+	HTTPS    Scheme = "https"
+	FCGI     Scheme = "fcgi"
+	FCGIUnix Scheme = "fcgi+unix"
+	HTTPUnix Scheme = "http+unix"
+)
+
+// LandingPage describes the default page
+type LandingPage string
+
+// enumerates all the landing page types
+const (
+	LandingPageHome          LandingPage = "/"
+	LandingPageExplore       LandingPage = "/explore"
+	LandingPageOrganizations LandingPage = "/explore/organizations"
+	LandingPageLogin         LandingPage = "/user/login"
+)
+
+var (
+	// AppName is the Application name, used in the page title.
+	// It maps to ini:"APP_NAME"
+	AppName string
+	// AppURL is the Application ROOT_URL. It always has a '/' suffix
+	// It maps to ini:"ROOT_URL"
+	AppURL string
+	// AppSubURL represents the sub-url mounting point for gitea. It is either "" or starts with '/' and ends without '/', such as '/{subpath}'.
+	// This value is empty if site does not have sub-url.
+	AppSubURL string
+	// AppDataPath is the default path for storing data.
+	// It maps to ini:"APP_DATA_PATH" in [server] and defaults to AppWorkPath + "/data"
+	AppDataPath string
+	// LocalURL is the url for locally running applications to contact Gitea. It always has a '/' suffix
+	// It maps to ini:"LOCAL_ROOT_URL" in [server]
+	LocalURL string
+	// AssetVersion holds a opaque value that is used for cache-busting assets
+	AssetVersion string
+
+	// Server settings
+	Protocol                   Scheme
+	UseProxyProtocol           bool // `ini:"USE_PROXY_PROTOCOL"`
+	ProxyProtocolTLSBridging   bool //`ini:"PROXY_PROTOCOL_TLS_BRIDGING"`
+	ProxyProtocolHeaderTimeout time.Duration
+	ProxyProtocolAcceptUnknown bool
+	Domain                     string
+	HTTPAddr                   string
+	HTTPPort                   string
+	LocalUseProxyProtocol      bool
+	RedirectOtherPort          bool
+	RedirectorUseProxyProtocol bool
+	PortToRedirect             string
+	OfflineMode                bool
+	CertFile                   string
+	KeyFile                    string
+	StaticRootPath             string
+	StaticCacheTime            time.Duration
+	EnableGzip                 bool
+	LandingPageURL             LandingPage
+	LandingPageCustom          string
+	UnixSocketPermission       uint32
+	EnablePprof                bool
+	PprofDataPath              string
+	EnableAcme                 bool
+	AcmeTOS                    bool
+	AcmeLiveDirectory          string
+	AcmeEmail                  string
+	AcmeURL                    string
+	AcmeCARoot                 string
+	SSLMinimumVersion          string
+	SSLMaximumVersion          string
+	SSLCurvePreferences        []string
+	SSLCipherSuites            []string
+	GracefulRestartable        bool
+	GracefulHammerTime         time.Duration
+	StartupTimeout             time.Duration
+	PerWriteTimeout            = 30 * time.Second
+	PerWritePerKbTimeout       = 10 * time.Second
+	StaticURLPrefix            string
+	AbsoluteAssetURL           string
+
+	HasRobotsTxt bool
+	ManifestData string
+)
+
+// MakeManifestData generates web app manifest JSON
+func MakeManifestData(appName, appURL, absoluteAssetURL string) []byte {
+	type manifestIcon struct {
+		Src   string `json:"src"`
+		Type  string `json:"type"`
+		Sizes string `json:"sizes"`
+	}
+
+	type manifestJSON struct {
+		Name      string         `json:"name"`
+		ShortName string         `json:"short_name"`
+		StartURL  string         `json:"start_url"`
+		Icons     []manifestIcon `json:"icons"`
+	}
+
+	bytes, err := json.Marshal(&manifestJSON{
+		Name:      appName,
+		ShortName: appName,
+		StartURL:  appURL,
+		Icons: []manifestIcon{
+			{
+				Src:   absoluteAssetURL + "/assets/img/logo.png",
+				Type:  "image/png",
+				Sizes: "512x512",
+			},
+			{
+				Src:   absoluteAssetURL + "/assets/img/logo.svg",
+				Type:  "image/svg+xml",
+				Sizes: "512x512",
+			},
+		},
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Error("unable to marshal manifest JSON. Error: %v", err)
+		return make([]byte, 0)
+	}
+
+	return bytes
+}
+
+// MakeAbsoluteAssetURL returns the absolute asset url prefix without a trailing slash
+func MakeAbsoluteAssetURL(appURL, staticURLPrefix string) string {
+	parsedPrefix, err := url.Parse(strings.TrimSuffix(staticURLPrefix, "/"))
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Fatal("Unable to parse STATIC_URL_PREFIX: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if err == nil && parsedPrefix.Hostname() == "" {
+		if staticURLPrefix == "" {
+			return strings.TrimSuffix(appURL, "/")
+		}
+
+		// StaticURLPrefix is just a path
+		return util.URLJoin(appURL, strings.TrimSuffix(staticURLPrefix, "/"))
+	}
+
+	return strings.TrimSuffix(staticURLPrefix, "/")
+}
+
+func loadServerFrom(rootCfg ConfigProvider) {
+	sec := rootCfg.Section("server")
+	AppName = rootCfg.Section("").Key("APP_NAME").MustString("Gitea: Git with a cup of tea")
+
+	Domain = sec.Key("DOMAIN").MustString("localhost")
+	HTTPAddr = sec.Key("HTTP_ADDR").MustString("0.0.0.0")
+	HTTPPort = sec.Key("HTTP_PORT").MustString("3000")
+
+	Protocol = HTTP
+	protocolCfg := sec.Key("PROTOCOL").String()
+	switch protocolCfg {
+	case "https":
+		Protocol = HTTPS
+		// FIXME: DEPRECATED to be removed in v1.18.0
+		if sec.HasKey("ENABLE_ACME") {
+			EnableAcme = sec.Key("ENABLE_ACME").MustBool(false)
+		} else {
+			deprecatedSetting(rootCfg, "server", "ENABLE_LETSENCRYPT", "server", "ENABLE_ACME")
+			EnableAcme = sec.Key("ENABLE_LETSENCRYPT").MustBool(false)
+		}
+		if EnableAcme {
+			AcmeURL = sec.Key("ACME_URL").MustString("")
+			AcmeCARoot = sec.Key("ACME_CA_ROOT").MustString("")
+			// FIXME: DEPRECATED to be removed in v1.18.0
+			if sec.HasKey("ACME_ACCEPTTOS") {
+				AcmeTOS = sec.Key("ACME_ACCEPTTOS").MustBool(false)
+			} else {
+				deprecatedSetting(rootCfg, "server", "LETSENCRYPT_ACCEPTTOS", "server", "ACME_ACCEPTTOS")
+				AcmeTOS = sec.Key("LETSENCRYPT_ACCEPTTOS").MustBool(false)
+			}
+			if !AcmeTOS {
+				log.Fatal("ACME TOS is not accepted (ACME_ACCEPTTOS).")
+			}
+			// FIXME: DEPRECATED to be removed in v1.18.0
+			if sec.HasKey("ACME_DIRECTORY") {
+				AcmeLiveDirectory = sec.Key("ACME_DIRECTORY").MustString("https")
+			} else {
+				deprecatedSetting(rootCfg, "server", "LETSENCRYPT_DIRECTORY", "server", "ACME_DIRECTORY")
+				AcmeLiveDirectory = sec.Key("LETSENCRYPT_DIRECTORY").MustString("https")
+			}
+			// FIXME: DEPRECATED to be removed in v1.18.0
+			if sec.HasKey("ACME_EMAIL") {
+				AcmeEmail = sec.Key("ACME_EMAIL").MustString("")
+			} else {
+				deprecatedSetting(rootCfg, "server", "LETSENCRYPT_EMAIL", "server", "ACME_EMAIL")
+				AcmeEmail = sec.Key("LETSENCRYPT_EMAIL").MustString("")
+			}
+		} else {
+			CertFile = sec.Key("CERT_FILE").String()
+			KeyFile = sec.Key("KEY_FILE").String()
+			if len(CertFile) > 0 && !filepath.IsAbs(CertFile) {
+				CertFile = filepath.Join(CustomPath, CertFile)
+			}
+			if len(KeyFile) > 0 && !filepath.IsAbs(KeyFile) {
+				KeyFile = filepath.Join(CustomPath, KeyFile)
+			}
+		}
+		SSLMinimumVersion = sec.Key("SSL_MIN_VERSION").MustString("")
+		SSLMaximumVersion = sec.Key("SSL_MAX_VERSION").MustString("")
+		SSLCurvePreferences = sec.Key("SSL_CURVE_PREFERENCES").Strings(",")
+		SSLCipherSuites = sec.Key("SSL_CIPHER_SUITES").Strings(",")
+	case "fcgi":
+		Protocol = FCGI
+	case "fcgi+unix", "unix", "http+unix":
+		switch protocolCfg {
+		case "fcgi+unix":
+			Protocol = FCGIUnix
+		case "unix":
+			log.Warn("unix PROTOCOL value is deprecated, please use http+unix")
+			fallthrough
+		case "http+unix":
+			Protocol = HTTPUnix
+		}
+		UnixSocketPermissionRaw := sec.Key("UNIX_SOCKET_PERMISSION").MustString("666")
+		UnixSocketPermissionParsed, err := strconv.ParseUint(UnixSocketPermissionRaw, 8, 32)
+		if err != nil || UnixSocketPermissionParsed > 0o777 {
+			log.Fatal("Failed to parse unixSocketPermission: %s", UnixSocketPermissionRaw)
+		}
+
+		UnixSocketPermission = uint32(UnixSocketPermissionParsed)
+		if !filepath.IsAbs(HTTPAddr) {
+			HTTPAddr = filepath.Join(AppWorkPath, HTTPAddr)
+		}
+	}
+	UseProxyProtocol = sec.Key("USE_PROXY_PROTOCOL").MustBool(false)
+	ProxyProtocolTLSBridging = sec.Key("PROXY_PROTOCOL_TLS_BRIDGING").MustBool(false)
+	ProxyProtocolHeaderTimeout = sec.Key("PROXY_PROTOCOL_HEADER_TIMEOUT").MustDuration(5 * time.Second)
+	ProxyProtocolAcceptUnknown = sec.Key("PROXY_PROTOCOL_ACCEPT_UNKNOWN").MustBool(false)
+	GracefulRestartable = sec.Key("ALLOW_GRACEFUL_RESTARTS").MustBool(true)
+	GracefulHammerTime = sec.Key("GRACEFUL_HAMMER_TIME").MustDuration(60 * time.Second)
+	StartupTimeout = sec.Key("STARTUP_TIMEOUT").MustDuration(0 * time.Second)
+	PerWriteTimeout = sec.Key("PER_WRITE_TIMEOUT").MustDuration(PerWriteTimeout)
+	PerWritePerKbTimeout = sec.Key("PER_WRITE_PER_KB_TIMEOUT").MustDuration(PerWritePerKbTimeout)
+
+	defaultAppURL := string(Protocol) + "://" + Domain + ":" + HTTPPort
+	AppURL = sec.Key("ROOT_URL").MustString(defaultAppURL)
+
+	// Check validity of AppURL
+	appURL, err := url.Parse(AppURL)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Fatal("Invalid ROOT_URL '%s': %s", AppURL, err)
+	}
+	// Remove default ports from AppURL.
+	// (scheme-based URL normalization, RFC 3986 section 6.2.3)
+	if (appURL.Scheme == string(HTTP) && appURL.Port() == "80") || (appURL.Scheme == string(HTTPS) && appURL.Port() == "443") {
+		appURL.Host = appURL.Hostname()
+	}
+	// This should be TrimRight to ensure that there is only a single '/' at the end of AppURL.
+	AppURL = strings.TrimRight(appURL.String(), "/") + "/"
+
+	// Suburl should start with '/' and end without '/', such as '/{subpath}'.
+	// This value is empty if site does not have sub-url.
+	AppSubURL = strings.TrimSuffix(appURL.Path, "/")
+	StaticURLPrefix = strings.TrimSuffix(sec.Key("STATIC_URL_PREFIX").MustString(AppSubURL), "/")
+
+	// Check if Domain differs from AppURL domain than update it to AppURL's domain
+	urlHostname := appURL.Hostname()
+	if urlHostname != Domain && net.ParseIP(urlHostname) == nil && urlHostname != "" {
+		Domain = urlHostname
+	}
+
+	AbsoluteAssetURL = MakeAbsoluteAssetURL(AppURL, StaticURLPrefix)
+	AssetVersion = strings.ReplaceAll(AppVer, "+", "~") // make sure the version string is clear (no real escaping is needed)
+
+	manifestBytes := MakeManifestData(AppName, AppURL, AbsoluteAssetURL)
+	ManifestData = `application/json;base64,` + base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString(manifestBytes)
+
+	var defaultLocalURL string
+	switch Protocol {
+	case HTTPUnix:
+		defaultLocalURL = "http://unix/"
+	case FCGI:
+		defaultLocalURL = AppURL
+	case FCGIUnix:
+		defaultLocalURL = AppURL
+	default:
+		defaultLocalURL = string(Protocol) + "://"
+		if HTTPAddr == "0.0.0.0" {
+			defaultLocalURL += net.JoinHostPort("localhost", HTTPPort) + "/"
+		} else {
+			defaultLocalURL += net.JoinHostPort(HTTPAddr, HTTPPort) + "/"
+		}
+	}
+	LocalURL = sec.Key("LOCAL_ROOT_URL").MustString(defaultLocalURL)
+	LocalURL = strings.TrimRight(LocalURL, "/") + "/"
+	LocalUseProxyProtocol = sec.Key("LOCAL_USE_PROXY_PROTOCOL").MustBool(UseProxyProtocol)
+	RedirectOtherPort = sec.Key("REDIRECT_OTHER_PORT").MustBool(false)
+	PortToRedirect = sec.Key("PORT_TO_REDIRECT").MustString("80")
+	RedirectorUseProxyProtocol = sec.Key("REDIRECTOR_USE_PROXY_PROTOCOL").MustBool(UseProxyProtocol)
+	OfflineMode = sec.Key("OFFLINE_MODE").MustBool()
+	Log.DisableRouterLog = sec.Key("DISABLE_ROUTER_LOG").MustBool()
+	if len(StaticRootPath) == 0 {
+		StaticRootPath = AppWorkPath
+	}
+	StaticRootPath = sec.Key("STATIC_ROOT_PATH").MustString(StaticRootPath)
+	StaticCacheTime = sec.Key("STATIC_CACHE_TIME").MustDuration(6 * time.Hour)
+	AppDataPath = sec.Key("APP_DATA_PATH").MustString(path.Join(AppWorkPath, "data"))
+	if !filepath.IsAbs(AppDataPath) {
+		log.Info("The provided APP_DATA_PATH: %s is not absolute - it will be made absolute against the work path: %s", AppDataPath, AppWorkPath)
+		AppDataPath = filepath.ToSlash(filepath.Join(AppWorkPath, AppDataPath))
+	}
+
+	EnableGzip = sec.Key("ENABLE_GZIP").MustBool()
+	EnablePprof = sec.Key("ENABLE_PPROF").MustBool(false)
+	PprofDataPath = sec.Key("PPROF_DATA_PATH").MustString(path.Join(AppWorkPath, "data/tmp/pprof"))
+	if !filepath.IsAbs(PprofDataPath) {
+		PprofDataPath = filepath.Join(AppWorkPath, PprofDataPath)
+	}
+
+	landingPage := sec.Key("LANDING_PAGE").MustString("home")
+	switch landingPage {
+	case "explore":
+		LandingPageURL = LandingPageExplore
+	case "organizations":
+		LandingPageURL = LandingPageOrganizations
+	case "login":
+		LandingPageURL = LandingPageLogin
+	case "":
+	case "home":
+		LandingPageURL = LandingPageHome
+	default:
+		LandingPageURL = LandingPage(landingPage)
+	}
+
+	HasRobotsTxt, err = util.IsFile(path.Join(CustomPath, "robots.txt"))
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Error("Unable to check if %s is a file. Error: %v", path.Join(CustomPath, "robots.txt"), err)
+	}
+}
diff --git a/modules/setting/service.go b/modules/setting/service.go
index 1d33ac6bce..d4a31ba5d4 100644
--- a/modules/setting/service.go
+++ b/modules/setting/service.go
@@ -12,6 +12,15 @@ import (
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/structs"
 )
 
+// enumerates all the types of captchas
+const (
+	ImageCaptcha = "image"
+	ReCaptcha    = "recaptcha"
+	HCaptcha     = "hcaptcha"
+	MCaptcha     = "mcaptcha"
+	CfTurnstile  = "cfturnstile"
+)
+
 // Service settings
 var Service = struct {
 	DefaultUserVisibility                   string
@@ -105,8 +114,8 @@ func (a AllowedVisibility) ToVisibleTypeSlice() (result []structs.VisibleType) {
 	return result
 }
 
-func newService() {
-	sec := Cfg.Section("service")
+func loadServiceFrom(rootCfg ConfigProvider) {
+	sec := rootCfg.Section("service")
 	Service.ActiveCodeLives = sec.Key("ACTIVE_CODE_LIVE_MINUTES").MustInt(180)
 	Service.ResetPwdCodeLives = sec.Key("RESET_PASSWD_CODE_LIVE_MINUTES").MustInt(180)
 	Service.DisableRegistration = sec.Key("DISABLE_REGISTRATION").MustBool()
@@ -184,11 +193,13 @@ func newService() {
 	}
 	Service.ValidSiteURLSchemes = schemes
 
-	if err := Cfg.Section("service.explore").MapTo(&Service.Explore); err != nil {
-		log.Fatal("Failed to map service.explore settings: %v", err)
-	}
+	mustMapSetting(rootCfg, "service.explore", &Service.Explore)
+
+	loadOpenIDSetting(rootCfg)
+}
 
-	sec = Cfg.Section("openid")
+func loadOpenIDSetting(rootCfg ConfigProvider) {
+	sec := rootCfg.Section("openid")
 	Service.EnableOpenIDSignIn = sec.Key("ENABLE_OPENID_SIGNIN").MustBool(!InstallLock)
 	Service.EnableOpenIDSignUp = sec.Key("ENABLE_OPENID_SIGNUP").MustBool(!Service.DisableRegistration && Service.EnableOpenIDSignIn)
 	pats := sec.Key("WHITELISTED_URIS").Strings(" ")
diff --git a/modules/setting/session.go b/modules/setting/session.go
index 082538c385..b8498335d9 100644
--- a/modules/setting/session.go
+++ b/modules/setting/session.go
@@ -15,7 +15,8 @@ import (
 
 // SessionConfig defines Session settings
 var SessionConfig = struct {
-	Provider string
+	OriginalProvider string
+	Provider         string
 	// Provider configuration, it's corresponding to provider.
 	ProviderConfig string
 	// Cookie name to save session ID. Default is "MacaronSession".
@@ -39,8 +40,8 @@ var SessionConfig = struct {
 	SameSite:    http.SameSiteLaxMode,
 }
 
-func newSessionService() {
-	sec := Cfg.Section("session")
+func loadSessionFrom(rootCfg ConfigProvider) {
+	sec := rootCfg.Section("session")
 	SessionConfig.Provider = sec.Key("PROVIDER").In("memory",
 		[]string{"memory", "file", "redis", "mysql", "postgres", "couchbase", "memcache", "db"})
 	SessionConfig.ProviderConfig = strings.Trim(sec.Key("PROVIDER_CONFIG").MustString(path.Join(AppDataPath, "sessions")), "\" ")
@@ -67,6 +68,7 @@ func newSessionService() {
 		log.Fatal("Can't shadow session config: %v", err)
 	}
 	SessionConfig.ProviderConfig = string(shadowConfig)
+	SessionConfig.OriginalProvider = SessionConfig.Provider
 	SessionConfig.Provider = "VirtualSession"
 
 	log.Info("Session Service Enabled")
diff --git a/modules/setting/setting.go b/modules/setting/setting.go
index 0cd2db356d..83ebde9478 100644
--- a/modules/setting/setting.go
+++ b/modules/setting/setting.go
@@ -5,12 +5,8 @@
 package setting
 
 import (
-	"encoding/base64"
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
-	"math"
-	"net"
-	"net/url"
 	"os"
 	"os/exec"
 	"path"
@@ -18,53 +14,15 @@ import (
 	"runtime"
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
-	"text/template"
 	"time"
 
-	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/auth/password/hash"
-	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/container"
-	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/generate"
-	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/json"
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/log"
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/user"
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/util"
 
-	gossh "golang.org/x/crypto/ssh"
 	ini "gopkg.in/ini.v1"
 )
 
-// Scheme describes protocol types
-type Scheme string
-
-// enumerates all the scheme types
-const (
-	HTTP     Scheme = "http"
-	HTTPS    Scheme = "https"
-	FCGI     Scheme = "fcgi"
-	FCGIUnix Scheme = "fcgi+unix"
-	HTTPUnix Scheme = "http+unix"
-)
-
-// LandingPage describes the default page
-type LandingPage string
-
-// enumerates all the landing page types
-const (
-	LandingPageHome          LandingPage = "/"
-	LandingPageExplore       LandingPage = "/explore"
-	LandingPageOrganizations LandingPage = "/explore/organizations"
-	LandingPageLogin         LandingPage = "/user/login"
-)
-
-// enumerates all the types of captchas
-const (
-	ImageCaptcha = "image"
-	ReCaptcha    = "recaptcha"
-	HCaptcha     = "hcaptcha"
-	MCaptcha     = "mcaptcha"
-	CfTurnstile  = "cfturnstile"
-)
-
 // settings
 var (
 	// AppVer is the version of the current build of Gitea. It is set in main.go from main.Version.
@@ -73,15 +31,7 @@ var (
 	AppBuiltWith string
 	// AppStartTime store time gitea has started
 	AppStartTime time.Time
-	// AppName is the Application name, used in the page title.
-	// It maps to ini:"APP_NAME"
-	AppName string
-	// AppURL is the Application ROOT_URL. It always has a '/' suffix
-	// It maps to ini:"ROOT_URL"
-	AppURL string
-	// AppSubURL represents the sub-url mounting point for gitea. It is either "" or starts with '/' and ends without '/', such as '/{subpath}'.
-	// This value is empty if site does not have sub-url.
-	AppSubURL string
+
 	// AppPath represents the path to the gitea binary
 	AppPath string
 	// AppWorkPath is the "working directory" of Gitea. It maps to the environment variable GITEA_WORK_DIR.
@@ -89,373 +39,17 @@ var (
 	//
 	// AppWorkPath is used as the base path for several other paths.
 	AppWorkPath string
-	// AppDataPath is the default path for storing data.
-	// It maps to ini:"APP_DATA_PATH" in [server] and defaults to AppWorkPath + "/data"
-	AppDataPath string
-	// LocalURL is the url for locally running applications to contact Gitea. It always has a '/' suffix
-	// It maps to ini:"LOCAL_ROOT_URL" in [server]
-	LocalURL string
-	// AssetVersion holds a opaque value that is used for cache-busting assets
-	AssetVersion string
-
-	// Server settings
-	Protocol                   Scheme
-	UseProxyProtocol           bool // `ini:"USE_PROXY_PROTOCOL"`
-	ProxyProtocolTLSBridging   bool //`ini:"PROXY_PROTOCOL_TLS_BRIDGING"`
-	ProxyProtocolHeaderTimeout time.Duration
-	ProxyProtocolAcceptUnknown bool
-	Domain                     string
-	HTTPAddr                   string
-	HTTPPort                   string
-	LocalUseProxyProtocol      bool
-	RedirectOtherPort          bool
-	RedirectorUseProxyProtocol bool
-	PortToRedirect             string
-	OfflineMode                bool
-	CertFile                   string
-	KeyFile                    string
-	StaticRootPath             string
-	StaticCacheTime            time.Duration
-	EnableGzip                 bool
-	LandingPageURL             LandingPage
-	LandingPageCustom          string
-	UnixSocketPermission       uint32
-	EnablePprof                bool
-	PprofDataPath              string
-	EnableAcme                 bool
-	AcmeTOS                    bool
-	AcmeLiveDirectory          string
-	AcmeEmail                  string
-	AcmeURL                    string
-	AcmeCARoot                 string
-	SSLMinimumVersion          string
-	SSLMaximumVersion          string
-	SSLCurvePreferences        []string
-	SSLCipherSuites            []string
-	GracefulRestartable        bool
-	GracefulHammerTime         time.Duration
-	StartupTimeout             time.Duration
-	PerWriteTimeout            = 30 * time.Second
-	PerWritePerKbTimeout       = 10 * time.Second
-	StaticURLPrefix            string
-	AbsoluteAssetURL           string
-
-	SSH = struct {
-		Disabled                              bool               `ini:"DISABLE_SSH"`
-		StartBuiltinServer                    bool               `ini:"START_SSH_SERVER"`
-		BuiltinServerUser                     string             `ini:"BUILTIN_SSH_SERVER_USER"`
-		UseProxyProtocol                      bool               `ini:"SSH_SERVER_USE_PROXY_PROTOCOL"`
-		Domain                                string             `ini:"SSH_DOMAIN"`
-		Port                                  int                `ini:"SSH_PORT"`
-		User                                  string             `ini:"SSH_USER"`
-		ListenHost                            string             `ini:"SSH_LISTEN_HOST"`
-		ListenPort                            int                `ini:"SSH_LISTEN_PORT"`
-		RootPath                              string             `ini:"SSH_ROOT_PATH"`
-		ServerCiphers                         []string           `ini:"SSH_SERVER_CIPHERS"`
-		ServerKeyExchanges                    []string           `ini:"SSH_SERVER_KEY_EXCHANGES"`
-		ServerMACs                            []string           `ini:"SSH_SERVER_MACS"`
-		ServerHostKeys                        []string           `ini:"SSH_SERVER_HOST_KEYS"`
-		KeyTestPath                           string             `ini:"SSH_KEY_TEST_PATH"`
-		KeygenPath                            string             `ini:"SSH_KEYGEN_PATH"`
-		AuthorizedKeysBackup                  bool               `ini:"SSH_AUTHORIZED_KEYS_BACKUP"`
-		AuthorizedPrincipalsBackup            bool               `ini:"SSH_AUTHORIZED_PRINCIPALS_BACKUP"`
-		AuthorizedKeysCommandTemplate         string             `ini:"SSH_AUTHORIZED_KEYS_COMMAND_TEMPLATE"`
-		AuthorizedKeysCommandTemplateTemplate *template.Template `ini:"-"`
-		MinimumKeySizeCheck                   bool               `ini:"-"`
-		MinimumKeySizes                       map[string]int     `ini:"-"`
-		CreateAuthorizedKeysFile              bool               `ini:"SSH_CREATE_AUTHORIZED_KEYS_FILE"`
-		CreateAuthorizedPrincipalsFile        bool               `ini:"SSH_CREATE_AUTHORIZED_PRINCIPALS_FILE"`
-		ExposeAnonymous                       bool               `ini:"SSH_EXPOSE_ANONYMOUS"`
-		AuthorizedPrincipalsAllow             []string           `ini:"SSH_AUTHORIZED_PRINCIPALS_ALLOW"`
-		AuthorizedPrincipalsEnabled           bool               `ini:"-"`
-		TrustedUserCAKeys                     []string           `ini:"SSH_TRUSTED_USER_CA_KEYS"`
-		TrustedUserCAKeysFile                 string             `ini:"SSH_TRUSTED_USER_CA_KEYS_FILENAME"`
-		TrustedUserCAKeysParsed               []gossh.PublicKey  `ini:"-"`
-		PerWriteTimeout                       time.Duration      `ini:"SSH_PER_WRITE_TIMEOUT"`
-		PerWritePerKbTimeout                  time.Duration      `ini:"SSH_PER_WRITE_PER_KB_TIMEOUT"`
-	}{
-		Disabled:                      false,
-		StartBuiltinServer:            false,
-		Domain:                        "",
-		Port:                          22,
-		ServerCiphers:                 []string{"chacha20-poly1305@openssh.com", "aes128-ctr", "aes192-ctr", "aes256-ctr", "aes128-gcm@openssh.com", "aes256-gcm@openssh.com"},
-		ServerKeyExchanges:            []string{"curve25519-sha256", "ecdh-sha2-nistp256", "ecdh-sha2-nistp384", "ecdh-sha2-nistp521", "diffie-hellman-group14-sha256", "diffie-hellman-group14-sha1"},
-		ServerMACs:                    []string{"hmac-sha2-256-etm@openssh.com", "hmac-sha2-256", "hmac-sha1"},
-		KeygenPath:                    "ssh-keygen",
-		MinimumKeySizeCheck:           true,
-		MinimumKeySizes:               map[string]int{"ed25519": 256, "ed25519-sk": 256, "ecdsa": 256, "ecdsa-sk": 256, "rsa": 2047},
-		ServerHostKeys:                []string{"ssh/gitea.rsa", "ssh/gogs.rsa"},
-		AuthorizedKeysCommandTemplate: "{{.AppPath}} --config={{.CustomConf}} serv key-{{.Key.ID}}",
-		PerWriteTimeout:               PerWriteTimeout,
-		PerWritePerKbTimeout:          PerWritePerKbTimeout,
-	}
-
-	// Security settings
-	InstallLock                        bool
-	SecretKey                          string
-	LogInRememberDays                  int
-	CookieUserName                     string
-	CookieRememberName                 string
-	ReverseProxyAuthUser               string
-	ReverseProxyAuthEmail              string
-	ReverseProxyAuthFullName           string
-	ReverseProxyLimit                  int
-	ReverseProxyTrustedProxies         []string
-	MinPasswordLength                  int
-	ImportLocalPaths                   bool
-	DisableGitHooks                    bool
-	DisableWebhooks                    bool
-	OnlyAllowPushIfGiteaEnvironmentSet bool
-	PasswordComplexity                 []string
-	PasswordHashAlgo                   string
-	PasswordCheckPwn                   bool
-	SuccessfulTokensCacheSize          int
-
-	Camo = struct {
-		Enabled   bool
-		ServerURL string `ini:"SERVER_URL"`
-		HMACKey   string `ini:"HMAC_KEY"`
-		Allways   bool
-	}{}
-
-	// UI settings
-	UI = struct {
-		ExplorePagingNum      int
-		SitemapPagingNum      int
-		IssuePagingNum        int
-		RepoSearchPagingNum   int
-		MembersPagingNum      int
-		FeedMaxCommitNum      int
-		FeedPagingNum         int
-		PackagesPagingNum     int
-		GraphMaxCommitNum     int
-		CodeCommentLines      int
-		ReactionMaxUserNum    int
-		ThemeColorMetaTag     string
-		MaxDisplayFileSize    int64
-		ShowUserEmail         bool
-		DefaultShowFullName   bool
-		DefaultTheme          string
-		Themes                []string
-		Reactions             []string
-		ReactionsLookup       container.Set[string] `ini:"-"`
-		CustomEmojis          []string
-		CustomEmojisMap       map[string]string `ini:"-"`
-		SearchRepoDescription bool
-		UseServiceWorker      bool
-
-		Notification struct {
-			MinTimeout            time.Duration
-			TimeoutStep           time.Duration
-			MaxTimeout            time.Duration
-			EventSourceUpdateTime time.Duration
-		} `ini:"ui.notification"`
-
-		SVG struct {
-			Enabled bool `ini:"ENABLE_RENDER"`
-		} `ini:"ui.svg"`
-
-		CSV struct {
-			MaxFileSize int64
-		} `ini:"ui.csv"`
-
-		Admin struct {
-			UserPagingNum   int
-			RepoPagingNum   int
-			NoticePagingNum int
-			OrgPagingNum    int
-		} `ini:"ui.admin"`
-		User struct {
-			RepoPagingNum int
-		} `ini:"ui.user"`
-		Meta struct {
-			Author      string
-			Description string
-			Keywords    string
-		} `ini:"ui.meta"`
-	}{
-		ExplorePagingNum:    20,
-		SitemapPagingNum:    20,
-		IssuePagingNum:      20,
-		RepoSearchPagingNum: 20,
-		MembersPagingNum:    20,
-		FeedMaxCommitNum:    5,
-		FeedPagingNum:       20,
-		PackagesPagingNum:   20,
-		GraphMaxCommitNum:   100,
-		CodeCommentLines:    4,
-		ReactionMaxUserNum:  10,
-		ThemeColorMetaTag:   `#6cc644`,
-		MaxDisplayFileSize:  8388608,
-		DefaultTheme:        `auto`,
-		Themes:              []string{`auto`, `gitea`, `arc-green`},
-		Reactions:           []string{`+1`, `-1`, `laugh`, `hooray`, `confused`, `heart`, `rocket`, `eyes`},
-		CustomEmojis:        []string{`git`, `gitea`, `codeberg`, `gitlab`, `github`, `gogs`},
-		CustomEmojisMap:     map[string]string{"git": ":git:", "gitea": ":gitea:", "codeberg": ":codeberg:", "gitlab": ":gitlab:", "github": ":github:", "gogs": ":gogs:"},
-		Notification: struct {
-			MinTimeout            time.Duration
-			TimeoutStep           time.Duration
-			MaxTimeout            time.Duration
-			EventSourceUpdateTime time.Duration
-		}{
-			MinTimeout:            10 * time.Second,
-			TimeoutStep:           10 * time.Second,
-			MaxTimeout:            60 * time.Second,
-			EventSourceUpdateTime: 10 * time.Second,
-		},
-		SVG: struct {
-			Enabled bool `ini:"ENABLE_RENDER"`
-		}{
-			Enabled: true,
-		},
-		CSV: struct {
-			MaxFileSize int64
-		}{
-			MaxFileSize: 524288,
-		},
-		Admin: struct {
-			UserPagingNum   int
-			RepoPagingNum   int
-			NoticePagingNum int
-			OrgPagingNum    int
-		}{
-			UserPagingNum:   50,
-			RepoPagingNum:   50,
-			NoticePagingNum: 25,
-			OrgPagingNum:    50,
-		},
-		User: struct {
-			RepoPagingNum int
-		}{
-			RepoPagingNum: 15,
-		},
-		Meta: struct {
-			Author      string
-			Description string
-			Keywords    string
-		}{
-			Author:      "Gitea - Git with a cup of tea",
-			Description: "Gitea (Git with a cup of tea) is a painless self-hosted Git service written in Go",
-			Keywords:    "go,git,self-hosted,gitea",
-		},
-	}
-
-	// Markdown settings
-	Markdown = struct {
-		EnableHardLineBreakInComments  bool
-		EnableHardLineBreakInDocuments bool
-		CustomURLSchemes               []string `ini:"CUSTOM_URL_SCHEMES"`
-		FileExtensions                 []string
-		EnableMath                     bool
-	}{
-		EnableHardLineBreakInComments:  true,
-		EnableHardLineBreakInDocuments: false,
-		FileExtensions:                 strings.Split(".md,.markdown,.mdown,.mkd", ","),
-		EnableMath:                     true,
-	}
-
-	// Admin settings
-	Admin struct {
-		DisableRegularOrgCreation bool
-		DefaultEmailNotification  string
-	}
-
-	// Log settings
-	LogLevel           log.Level
-	StacktraceLogLevel string
-	LogRootPath        string
-	EnableSSHLog       bool
-	EnableXORMLog      bool
-
-	DisableRouterLog bool
-
-	EnableAccessLog   bool
-	AccessLogTemplate string
-
-	// Time settings
-	TimeFormat string
-	// UILocation is the location on the UI, so that we can display the time on UI.
-	DefaultUILocation = time.Local
-
-	CSRFCookieName     = "_csrf"
-	CSRFCookieHTTPOnly = true
-
-	ManifestData string
-
-	// API settings
-	API = struct {
-		EnableSwagger          bool
-		SwaggerURL             string
-		MaxResponseItems       int
-		DefaultPagingNum       int
-		DefaultGitTreesPerPage int
-		DefaultMaxBlobSize     int64
-	}{
-		EnableSwagger:          true,
-		SwaggerURL:             "",
-		MaxResponseItems:       50,
-		DefaultPagingNum:       30,
-		DefaultGitTreesPerPage: 1000,
-		DefaultMaxBlobSize:     10485760,
-	}
-
-	OAuth2 = struct {
-		Enable                     bool
-		AccessTokenExpirationTime  int64
-		RefreshTokenExpirationTime int64
-		InvalidateRefreshTokens    bool
-		JWTSigningAlgorithm        string `ini:"JWT_SIGNING_ALGORITHM"`
-		JWTSecretBase64            string `ini:"JWT_SECRET"`
-		JWTSigningPrivateKeyFile   string `ini:"JWT_SIGNING_PRIVATE_KEY_FILE"`
-		MaxTokenLength             int
-	}{
-		Enable:                     true,
-		AccessTokenExpirationTime:  3600,
-		RefreshTokenExpirationTime: 730,
-		InvalidateRefreshTokens:    false,
-		JWTSigningAlgorithm:        "RS256",
-		JWTSigningPrivateKeyFile:   "jwt/private.pem",
-		MaxTokenLength:             math.MaxInt16,
-	}
-
-	// Metrics settings
-	Metrics = struct {
-		Enabled                  bool
-		Token                    string
-		EnabledIssueByLabel      bool
-		EnabledIssueByRepository bool
-	}{
-		Enabled:                  false,
-		Token:                    "",
-		EnabledIssueByLabel:      false,
-		EnabledIssueByRepository: false,
-	}
-
-	// I18n settings
-	Langs []string
-	Names []string
-
-	// Highlight settings are loaded in modules/template/highlight.go
-
-	// Other settings
-	ShowFooterBranding         bool
-	ShowFooterVersion          bool
-	ShowFooterTemplateLoadTime bool
-	EnableFeed                 bool
 
 	// Global setting objects
-	Cfg           *ini.File
-	CustomPath    string // Custom directory path
-	CustomConf    string
-	PIDFile       = "/run/gitea.pid"
-	WritePIDFile  bool
-	RunMode       string
-	IsProd        bool
-	RunUser       string
-	IsWindows     bool
-	HasRobotsTxt  bool
-	EnableSitemap bool
-	InternalToken string // internal access token
+	CfgProvider  ConfigProvider
+	CustomPath   string // Custom directory path
+	CustomConf   string
+	PIDFile      = "/run/gitea.pid"
+	WritePIDFile bool
+	RunMode      string
+	RunUser      string
+	IsProd       bool
+	IsWindows    bool
 )
 
 func getAppPath() (string, error) {
@@ -592,472 +186,132 @@ func SetCustomPathAndConf(providedCustom, providedConf, providedWorkPath string)
 	}
 }
 
-// LoadFromExisting initializes setting options from an existing config file (app.ini)
-func LoadFromExisting() {
-	loadFromConf(false, "")
-}
+// PrepareAppDataPath creates app data directory if necessary
+func PrepareAppDataPath() error {
+	// FIXME: There are too many calls to MkdirAll in old code. It is incorrect.
+	// For example, if someDir=/mnt/vol1/gitea-home/data, if the mount point /mnt/vol1 is not mounted when Gitea runs,
+	// then gitea will make new empty directories in /mnt/vol1, all are stored in the root filesystem.
+	// The correct behavior should be: creating parent directories is end users' duty. We only create sub-directories in existing parent directories.
+	// For quickstart, the parent directories should be created automatically for first startup (eg: a flag or a check of INSTALL_LOCK).
+	// Now we can take the first step to do correctly (using Mkdir) in other packages, and prepare the AppDataPath here, then make a refactor in future.
+
+	st, err := os.Stat(AppDataPath)
+	if os.IsNotExist(err) {
+		err = os.MkdirAll(AppDataPath, os.ModePerm)
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("unable to create the APP_DATA_PATH directory: %q, Error: %w", AppDataPath, err)
+		}
+		return nil
+	}
 
-// LoadAllowEmpty initializes setting options, it's also fine that if the config file (app.ini) doesn't exist
-func LoadAllowEmpty() {
-	loadFromConf(true, "")
-}
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("unable to use APP_DATA_PATH %q. Error: %w", AppDataPath, err)
+	}
 
-// LoadForTest initializes setting options for tests
-func LoadForTest(extraConfigs ...string) {
-	loadFromConf(true, strings.Join(extraConfigs, "\n"))
-	if err := PrepareAppDataPath(); err != nil {
-		log.Fatal("Can not prepare APP_DATA_PATH: %v", err)
+	if !st.IsDir() /* also works for symlink */ {
+		return fmt.Errorf("the APP_DATA_PATH %q is not a directory (or symlink to a directory) and can't be used", AppDataPath)
 	}
+
+	return nil
 }
 
-func deprecatedSetting(oldSection, oldKey, newSection, newKey string) {
-	if Cfg.Section(oldSection).HasKey(oldKey) {
-		log.Error("Deprecated fallback `[%s]` `%s` present. Use `[%s]` `%s` instead. This fallback will be removed in v1.19.0", oldSection, oldKey, newSection, newKey)
-	}
+// InitProviderFromExistingFile initializes config provider from an existing config file (app.ini)
+func InitProviderFromExistingFile() {
+	CfgProvider = newFileProviderFromConf(CustomConf, WritePIDFile, false, PIDFile, "")
 }
 
-// deprecatedSettingDB add a hint that the configuration has been moved to database but still kept in app.ini
-func deprecatedSettingDB(oldSection, oldKey string) {
-	if Cfg.Section(oldSection).HasKey(oldKey) {
-		log.Error("Deprecated `[%s]` `%s` present which has been copied to database table sys_setting", oldSection, oldKey)
+// InitProviderAllowEmpty initializes config provider from file, it's also fine that if the config file (app.ini) doesn't exist
+func InitProviderAllowEmpty() {
+	CfgProvider = newFileProviderFromConf(CustomConf, WritePIDFile, true, PIDFile, "")
+}
+
+// InitProviderAndLoadCommonSettingsForTest initializes config provider and load common setttings for tests
+func InitProviderAndLoadCommonSettingsForTest(extraConfigs ...string) {
+	CfgProvider = newFileProviderFromConf(CustomConf, WritePIDFile, true, PIDFile, strings.Join(extraConfigs, "\n"))
+	loadCommonSettingsFrom(CfgProvider)
+	if err := PrepareAppDataPath(); err != nil {
+		log.Fatal("Can not prepare APP_DATA_PATH: %v", err)
 	}
 }
 
-// loadFromConf initializes configuration context.
+// newFileProviderFromConf initializes configuration context.
 // NOTE: do not print any log except error.
-func loadFromConf(allowEmpty bool, extraConfig string) {
-	Cfg = ini.Empty()
+func newFileProviderFromConf(customConf string, writePIDFile, allowEmpty bool, pidFile, extraConfig string) *ini.File {
+	cfg := ini.Empty()
 
-	if WritePIDFile && len(PIDFile) > 0 {
-		createPIDFile(PIDFile)
+	if writePIDFile && len(pidFile) > 0 {
+		createPIDFile(pidFile)
 	}
 
-	isFile, err := util.IsFile(CustomConf)
+	isFile, err := util.IsFile(customConf)
 	if err != nil {
-		log.Error("Unable to check if %s is a file. Error: %v", CustomConf, err)
+		log.Error("Unable to check if %s is a file. Error: %v", customConf, err)
 	}
 	if isFile {
-		if err := Cfg.Append(CustomConf); err != nil {
-			log.Fatal("Failed to load custom conf '%s': %v", CustomConf, err)
+		if err := cfg.Append(customConf); err != nil {
+			log.Fatal("Failed to load custom conf '%s': %v", customConf, err)
 		}
 	} else if !allowEmpty {
 		log.Fatal("Unable to find configuration file: %q.\nEnsure you are running in the correct environment or set the correct configuration file with -c.", CustomConf)
 	} // else: no config file, a config file might be created at CustomConf later (might not)
 
 	if extraConfig != "" {
-		if err = Cfg.Append([]byte(extraConfig)); err != nil {
+		if err = cfg.Append([]byte(extraConfig)); err != nil {
 			log.Fatal("Unable to append more config: %v", err)
 		}
 	}
 
-	Cfg.NameMapper = ini.SnackCase
-
-	homeDir, err := util.HomeDir()
-	if err != nil {
-		log.Fatal("Failed to get home directory: %v", err)
-	}
-	homeDir = strings.ReplaceAll(homeDir, "\\", "/")
-
-	LogLevel = getLogLevel(Cfg.Section("log"), "LEVEL", log.INFO)
-	StacktraceLogLevel = getStacktraceLogLevel(Cfg.Section("log"), "STACKTRACE_LEVEL", "None")
-	LogRootPath = Cfg.Section("log").Key("ROOT_PATH").MustString(path.Join(AppWorkPath, "log"))
-	forcePathSeparator(LogRootPath)
-
-	sec := Cfg.Section("server")
-	AppName = Cfg.Section("").Key("APP_NAME").MustString("Gitea: Git with a cup of tea")
-
-	Domain = sec.Key("DOMAIN").MustString("localhost")
-	HTTPAddr = sec.Key("HTTP_ADDR").MustString("0.0.0.0")
-	HTTPPort = sec.Key("HTTP_PORT").MustString("3000")
-
-	Protocol = HTTP
-	protocolCfg := sec.Key("PROTOCOL").String()
-	switch protocolCfg {
-	case "https":
-		Protocol = HTTPS
-		// FIXME: DEPRECATED to be removed in v1.18.0
-		if sec.HasKey("ENABLE_ACME") {
-			EnableAcme = sec.Key("ENABLE_ACME").MustBool(false)
-		} else {
-			deprecatedSetting("server", "ENABLE_LETSENCRYPT", "server", "ENABLE_ACME")
-			EnableAcme = sec.Key("ENABLE_LETSENCRYPT").MustBool(false)
-		}
-		if EnableAcme {
-			AcmeURL = sec.Key("ACME_URL").MustString("")
-			AcmeCARoot = sec.Key("ACME_CA_ROOT").MustString("")
-			// FIXME: DEPRECATED to be removed in v1.18.0
-			if sec.HasKey("ACME_ACCEPTTOS") {
-				AcmeTOS = sec.Key("ACME_ACCEPTTOS").MustBool(false)
-			} else {
-				deprecatedSetting("server", "LETSENCRYPT_ACCEPTTOS", "server", "ACME_ACCEPTTOS")
-				AcmeTOS = sec.Key("LETSENCRYPT_ACCEPTTOS").MustBool(false)
-			}
-			if !AcmeTOS {
-				log.Fatal("ACME TOS is not accepted (ACME_ACCEPTTOS).")
-			}
-			// FIXME: DEPRECATED to be removed in v1.18.0
-			if sec.HasKey("ACME_DIRECTORY") {
-				AcmeLiveDirectory = sec.Key("ACME_DIRECTORY").MustString("https")
-			} else {
-				deprecatedSetting("server", "LETSENCRYPT_DIRECTORY", "server", "ACME_DIRECTORY")
-				AcmeLiveDirectory = sec.Key("LETSENCRYPT_DIRECTORY").MustString("https")
-			}
-			// FIXME: DEPRECATED to be removed in v1.18.0
-			if sec.HasKey("ACME_EMAIL") {
-				AcmeEmail = sec.Key("ACME_EMAIL").MustString("")
-			} else {
-				deprecatedSetting("server", "LETSENCRYPT_EMAIL", "server", "ACME_EMAIL")
-				AcmeEmail = sec.Key("LETSENCRYPT_EMAIL").MustString("")
-			}
-		} else {
-			CertFile = sec.Key("CERT_FILE").String()
-			KeyFile = sec.Key("KEY_FILE").String()
-			if len(CertFile) > 0 && !filepath.IsAbs(CertFile) {
-				CertFile = filepath.Join(CustomPath, CertFile)
-			}
-			if len(KeyFile) > 0 && !filepath.IsAbs(KeyFile) {
-				KeyFile = filepath.Join(CustomPath, KeyFile)
-			}
-		}
-		SSLMinimumVersion = sec.Key("SSL_MIN_VERSION").MustString("")
-		SSLMaximumVersion = sec.Key("SSL_MAX_VERSION").MustString("")
-		SSLCurvePreferences = sec.Key("SSL_CURVE_PREFERENCES").Strings(",")
-		SSLCipherSuites = sec.Key("SSL_CIPHER_SUITES").Strings(",")
-	case "fcgi":
-		Protocol = FCGI
-	case "fcgi+unix", "unix", "http+unix":
-		switch protocolCfg {
-		case "fcgi+unix":
-			Protocol = FCGIUnix
-		case "unix":
-			log.Warn("unix PROTOCOL value is deprecated, please use http+unix")
-			fallthrough
-		case "http+unix":
-			Protocol = HTTPUnix
-		}
-		UnixSocketPermissionRaw := sec.Key("UNIX_SOCKET_PERMISSION").MustString("666")
-		UnixSocketPermissionParsed, err := strconv.ParseUint(UnixSocketPermissionRaw, 8, 32)
-		if err != nil || UnixSocketPermissionParsed > 0o777 {
-			log.Fatal("Failed to parse unixSocketPermission: %s", UnixSocketPermissionRaw)
-		}
-
-		UnixSocketPermission = uint32(UnixSocketPermissionParsed)
-		if !filepath.IsAbs(HTTPAddr) {
-			HTTPAddr = filepath.Join(AppWorkPath, HTTPAddr)
-		}
-	}
-	UseProxyProtocol = sec.Key("USE_PROXY_PROTOCOL").MustBool(false)
-	ProxyProtocolTLSBridging = sec.Key("PROXY_PROTOCOL_TLS_BRIDGING").MustBool(false)
-	ProxyProtocolHeaderTimeout = sec.Key("PROXY_PROTOCOL_HEADER_TIMEOUT").MustDuration(5 * time.Second)
-	ProxyProtocolAcceptUnknown = sec.Key("PROXY_PROTOCOL_ACCEPT_UNKNOWN").MustBool(false)
-	GracefulRestartable = sec.Key("ALLOW_GRACEFUL_RESTARTS").MustBool(true)
-	GracefulHammerTime = sec.Key("GRACEFUL_HAMMER_TIME").MustDuration(60 * time.Second)
-	StartupTimeout = sec.Key("STARTUP_TIMEOUT").MustDuration(0 * time.Second)
-	PerWriteTimeout = sec.Key("PER_WRITE_TIMEOUT").MustDuration(PerWriteTimeout)
-	PerWritePerKbTimeout = sec.Key("PER_WRITE_PER_KB_TIMEOUT").MustDuration(PerWritePerKbTimeout)
-
-	defaultAppURL := string(Protocol) + "://" + Domain + ":" + HTTPPort
-	AppURL = sec.Key("ROOT_URL").MustString(defaultAppURL)
-
-	// Check validity of AppURL
-	appURL, err := url.Parse(AppURL)
-	if err != nil {
-		log.Fatal("Invalid ROOT_URL '%s': %s", AppURL, err)
-	}
-	// Remove default ports from AppURL.
-	// (scheme-based URL normalization, RFC 3986 section 6.2.3)
-	if (appURL.Scheme == string(HTTP) && appURL.Port() == "80") || (appURL.Scheme == string(HTTPS) && appURL.Port() == "443") {
-		appURL.Host = appURL.Hostname()
-	}
-	// This should be TrimRight to ensure that there is only a single '/' at the end of AppURL.
-	AppURL = strings.TrimRight(appURL.String(), "/") + "/"
-
-	// Suburl should start with '/' and end without '/', such as '/{subpath}'.
-	// This value is empty if site does not have sub-url.
-	AppSubURL = strings.TrimSuffix(appURL.Path, "/")
-	StaticURLPrefix = strings.TrimSuffix(sec.Key("STATIC_URL_PREFIX").MustString(AppSubURL), "/")
-
-	// Check if Domain differs from AppURL domain than update it to AppURL's domain
-	urlHostname := appURL.Hostname()
-	if urlHostname != Domain && net.ParseIP(urlHostname) == nil && urlHostname != "" {
-		Domain = urlHostname
-	}
-
-	AbsoluteAssetURL = MakeAbsoluteAssetURL(AppURL, StaticURLPrefix)
-	AssetVersion = strings.ReplaceAll(AppVer, "+", "~") // make sure the version string is clear (no real escaping is needed)
-
-	manifestBytes := MakeManifestData(AppName, AppURL, AbsoluteAssetURL)
-	ManifestData = `application/json;base64,` + base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString(manifestBytes)
-
-	var defaultLocalURL string
-	switch Protocol {
-	case HTTPUnix:
-		defaultLocalURL = "http://unix/"
-	case FCGI:
-		defaultLocalURL = AppURL
-	case FCGIUnix:
-		defaultLocalURL = AppURL
-	default:
-		defaultLocalURL = string(Protocol) + "://"
-		if HTTPAddr == "0.0.0.0" {
-			defaultLocalURL += net.JoinHostPort("localhost", HTTPPort) + "/"
-		} else {
-			defaultLocalURL += net.JoinHostPort(HTTPAddr, HTTPPort) + "/"
-		}
-	}
-	LocalURL = sec.Key("LOCAL_ROOT_URL").MustString(defaultLocalURL)
-	LocalURL = strings.TrimRight(LocalURL, "/") + "/"
-	LocalUseProxyProtocol = sec.Key("LOCAL_USE_PROXY_PROTOCOL").MustBool(UseProxyProtocol)
-	RedirectOtherPort = sec.Key("REDIRECT_OTHER_PORT").MustBool(false)
-	PortToRedirect = sec.Key("PORT_TO_REDIRECT").MustString("80")
-	RedirectorUseProxyProtocol = sec.Key("REDIRECTOR_USE_PROXY_PROTOCOL").MustBool(UseProxyProtocol)
-	OfflineMode = sec.Key("OFFLINE_MODE").MustBool()
-	DisableRouterLog = sec.Key("DISABLE_ROUTER_LOG").MustBool()
-	if len(StaticRootPath) == 0 {
-		StaticRootPath = AppWorkPath
-	}
-	StaticRootPath = sec.Key("STATIC_ROOT_PATH").MustString(StaticRootPath)
-	StaticCacheTime = sec.Key("STATIC_CACHE_TIME").MustDuration(6 * time.Hour)
-	AppDataPath = sec.Key("APP_DATA_PATH").MustString(path.Join(AppWorkPath, "data"))
-	if !filepath.IsAbs(AppDataPath) {
-		log.Info("The provided APP_DATA_PATH: %s is not absolute - it will be made absolute against the work path: %s", AppDataPath, AppWorkPath)
-		AppDataPath = filepath.ToSlash(filepath.Join(AppWorkPath, AppDataPath))
-	}
-
-	EnableGzip = sec.Key("ENABLE_GZIP").MustBool()
-	EnablePprof = sec.Key("ENABLE_PPROF").MustBool(false)
-	PprofDataPath = sec.Key("PPROF_DATA_PATH").MustString(path.Join(AppWorkPath, "data/tmp/pprof"))
-	if !filepath.IsAbs(PprofDataPath) {
-		PprofDataPath = filepath.Join(AppWorkPath, PprofDataPath)
-	}
-
-	landingPage := sec.Key("LANDING_PAGE").MustString("home")
-	switch landingPage {
-	case "explore":
-		LandingPageURL = LandingPageExplore
-	case "organizations":
-		LandingPageURL = LandingPageOrganizations
-	case "login":
-		LandingPageURL = LandingPageLogin
-	case "":
-	case "home":
-		LandingPageURL = LandingPageHome
-	default:
-		LandingPageURL = LandingPage(landingPage)
-	}
-
-	if len(SSH.Domain) == 0 {
-		SSH.Domain = Domain
-	}
-	SSH.RootPath = path.Join(homeDir, ".ssh")
-	serverCiphers := sec.Key("SSH_SERVER_CIPHERS").Strings(",")
-	if len(serverCiphers) > 0 {
-		SSH.ServerCiphers = serverCiphers
-	}
-	serverKeyExchanges := sec.Key("SSH_SERVER_KEY_EXCHANGES").Strings(",")
-	if len(serverKeyExchanges) > 0 {
-		SSH.ServerKeyExchanges = serverKeyExchanges
-	}
-	serverMACs := sec.Key("SSH_SERVER_MACS").Strings(",")
-	if len(serverMACs) > 0 {
-		SSH.ServerMACs = serverMACs
-	}
-	SSH.KeyTestPath = os.TempDir()
-	if err = Cfg.Section("server").MapTo(&SSH); err != nil {
-		log.Fatal("Failed to map SSH settings: %v", err)
-	}
-	for i, key := range SSH.ServerHostKeys {
-		if !filepath.IsAbs(key) {
-			SSH.ServerHostKeys[i] = filepath.Join(AppDataPath, key)
-		}
-	}
-
-	SSH.KeygenPath = sec.Key("SSH_KEYGEN_PATH").MustString("ssh-keygen")
-	SSH.Port = sec.Key("SSH_PORT").MustInt(22)
-	SSH.ListenPort = sec.Key("SSH_LISTEN_PORT").MustInt(SSH.Port)
-	SSH.UseProxyProtocol = sec.Key("SSH_SERVER_USE_PROXY_PROTOCOL").MustBool(false)
-
-	// When disable SSH, start builtin server value is ignored.
-	if SSH.Disabled {
-		SSH.StartBuiltinServer = false
-	}
-
-	SSH.TrustedUserCAKeysFile = sec.Key("SSH_TRUSTED_USER_CA_KEYS_FILENAME").MustString(filepath.Join(SSH.RootPath, "gitea-trusted-user-ca-keys.pem"))
-
-	for _, caKey := range SSH.TrustedUserCAKeys {
-		pubKey, _, _, _, err := gossh.ParseAuthorizedKey([]byte(caKey))
-		if err != nil {
-			log.Fatal("Failed to parse TrustedUserCaKeys: %s %v", caKey, err)
-		}
-
-		SSH.TrustedUserCAKeysParsed = append(SSH.TrustedUserCAKeysParsed, pubKey)
-	}
-	if len(SSH.TrustedUserCAKeys) > 0 {
-		// Set the default as email,username otherwise we can leave it empty
-		sec.Key("SSH_AUTHORIZED_PRINCIPALS_ALLOW").MustString("username,email")
-	} else {
-		sec.Key("SSH_AUTHORIZED_PRINCIPALS_ALLOW").MustString("off")
-	}
-
-	SSH.AuthorizedPrincipalsAllow, SSH.AuthorizedPrincipalsEnabled = parseAuthorizedPrincipalsAllow(sec.Key("SSH_AUTHORIZED_PRINCIPALS_ALLOW").Strings(","))
-
-	SSH.MinimumKeySizeCheck = sec.Key("MINIMUM_KEY_SIZE_CHECK").MustBool(SSH.MinimumKeySizeCheck)
-	minimumKeySizes := Cfg.Section("ssh.minimum_key_sizes").Keys()
-	for _, key := range minimumKeySizes {
-		if key.MustInt() != -1 {
-			SSH.MinimumKeySizes[strings.ToLower(key.Name())] = key.MustInt()
-		} else {
-			delete(SSH.MinimumKeySizes, strings.ToLower(key.Name()))
-		}
-	}
-
-	SSH.AuthorizedKeysBackup = sec.Key("SSH_AUTHORIZED_KEYS_BACKUP").MustBool(true)
-	SSH.CreateAuthorizedKeysFile = sec.Key("SSH_CREATE_AUTHORIZED_KEYS_FILE").MustBool(true)
-
-	SSH.AuthorizedPrincipalsBackup = false
-	SSH.CreateAuthorizedPrincipalsFile = false
-	if SSH.AuthorizedPrincipalsEnabled {
-		SSH.AuthorizedPrincipalsBackup = sec.Key("SSH_AUTHORIZED_PRINCIPALS_BACKUP").MustBool(true)
-		SSH.CreateAuthorizedPrincipalsFile = sec.Key("SSH_CREATE_AUTHORIZED_PRINCIPALS_FILE").MustBool(true)
-	}
-
-	SSH.ExposeAnonymous = sec.Key("SSH_EXPOSE_ANONYMOUS").MustBool(false)
-	SSH.AuthorizedKeysCommandTemplate = sec.Key("SSH_AUTHORIZED_KEYS_COMMAND_TEMPLATE").MustString(SSH.AuthorizedKeysCommandTemplate)
-
-	SSH.AuthorizedKeysCommandTemplateTemplate = template.Must(template.New("").Parse(SSH.AuthorizedKeysCommandTemplate))
-
-	SSH.PerWriteTimeout = sec.Key("SSH_PER_WRITE_TIMEOUT").MustDuration(PerWriteTimeout)
-	SSH.PerWritePerKbTimeout = sec.Key("SSH_PER_WRITE_PER_KB_TIMEOUT").MustDuration(PerWritePerKbTimeout)
-
-	if err = Cfg.Section("oauth2").MapTo(&OAuth2); err != nil {
-		log.Fatal("Failed to OAuth2 settings: %v", err)
-		return
-	}
-
-	if !filepath.IsAbs(OAuth2.JWTSigningPrivateKeyFile) {
-		OAuth2.JWTSigningPrivateKeyFile = filepath.Join(AppDataPath, OAuth2.JWTSigningPrivateKeyFile)
-	}
-
-	sec = Cfg.Section("admin")
-	Admin.DefaultEmailNotification = sec.Key("DEFAULT_EMAIL_NOTIFICATIONS").MustString("enabled")
-
-	sec = Cfg.Section("security")
-	InstallLock = sec.Key("INSTALL_LOCK").MustBool(false)
-	LogInRememberDays = sec.Key("LOGIN_REMEMBER_DAYS").MustInt(7)
-	CookieUserName = sec.Key("COOKIE_USERNAME").MustString("gitea_awesome")
-	SecretKey = loadSecret(sec, "SECRET_KEY_URI", "SECRET_KEY")
-	if SecretKey == "" {
-		// FIXME: https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/issues/16832
-		// Until it supports rotating an existing secret key, we shouldn't move users off of the widely used default value
-		SecretKey = "!#@FDEWREWR&*(" //nolint:gosec
-	}
-
-	CookieRememberName = sec.Key("COOKIE_REMEMBER_NAME").MustString("gitea_incredible")
-
-	ReverseProxyAuthUser = sec.Key("REVERSE_PROXY_AUTHENTICATION_USER").MustString("X-WEBAUTH-USER")
-	ReverseProxyAuthEmail = sec.Key("REVERSE_PROXY_AUTHENTICATION_EMAIL").MustString("X-WEBAUTH-EMAIL")
-	ReverseProxyAuthFullName = sec.Key("REVERSE_PROXY_AUTHENTICATION_FULL_NAME").MustString("X-WEBAUTH-FULLNAME")
-
-	ReverseProxyLimit = sec.Key("REVERSE_PROXY_LIMIT").MustInt(1)
-	ReverseProxyTrustedProxies = sec.Key("REVERSE_PROXY_TRUSTED_PROXIES").Strings(",")
-	if len(ReverseProxyTrustedProxies) == 0 {
-		ReverseProxyTrustedProxies = []string{"127.0.0.0/8", "::1/128"}
-	}
-
-	MinPasswordLength = sec.Key("MIN_PASSWORD_LENGTH").MustInt(6)
-	ImportLocalPaths = sec.Key("IMPORT_LOCAL_PATHS").MustBool(false)
-	DisableGitHooks = sec.Key("DISABLE_GIT_HOOKS").MustBool(true)
-	DisableWebhooks = sec.Key("DISABLE_WEBHOOKS").MustBool(false)
-	OnlyAllowPushIfGiteaEnvironmentSet = sec.Key("ONLY_ALLOW_PUSH_IF_GITEA_ENVIRONMENT_SET").MustBool(true)
-
-	// Ensure that the provided default hash algorithm is a valid hash algorithm
-	var algorithm *hash.PasswordHashAlgorithm
-	PasswordHashAlgo, algorithm = hash.SetDefaultPasswordHashAlgorithm(sec.Key("PASSWORD_HASH_ALGO").MustString(""))
-	if algorithm == nil {
-		log.Fatal("The provided password hash algorithm was invalid: %s", sec.Key("PASSWORD_HASH_ALGO").MustString(""))
-	}
-
-	CSRFCookieHTTPOnly = sec.Key("CSRF_COOKIE_HTTP_ONLY").MustBool(true)
-	PasswordCheckPwn = sec.Key("PASSWORD_CHECK_PWN").MustBool(false)
-	SuccessfulTokensCacheSize = sec.Key("SUCCESSFUL_TOKENS_CACHE_SIZE").MustInt(20)
-
-	InternalToken = loadSecret(sec, "INTERNAL_TOKEN_URI", "INTERNAL_TOKEN")
-	if InstallLock && InternalToken == "" {
-		// if Gitea has been installed but the InternalToken hasn't been generated (upgrade from an old release), we should generate
-		// some users do cluster deployment, they still depend on this auto-generating behavior.
-		generateSaveInternalToken()
-	}
-
-	cfgdata := sec.Key("PASSWORD_COMPLEXITY").Strings(",")
-	if len(cfgdata) == 0 {
-		cfgdata = []string{"off"}
-	}
-	PasswordComplexity = make([]string, 0, len(cfgdata))
-	for _, name := range cfgdata {
-		name := strings.ToLower(strings.Trim(name, `"`))
-		if name != "" {
-			PasswordComplexity = append(PasswordComplexity, name)
-		}
-	}
-
-	newAttachmentService()
-	newLFSService()
+	cfg.NameMapper = ini.SnackCase
+	return cfg
+}
 
-	timeFormatKey := Cfg.Section("time").Key("FORMAT").MustString("")
-	if timeFormatKey != "" {
-		TimeFormat = map[string]string{
-			"ANSIC":       time.ANSIC,
-			"UnixDate":    time.UnixDate,
-			"RubyDate":    time.RubyDate,
-			"RFC822":      time.RFC822,
-			"RFC822Z":     time.RFC822Z,
-			"RFC850":      time.RFC850,
-			"RFC1123":     time.RFC1123,
-			"RFC1123Z":    time.RFC1123Z,
-			"RFC3339":     time.RFC3339,
-			"RFC3339Nano": time.RFC3339Nano,
-			"Kitchen":     time.Kitchen,
-			"Stamp":       time.Stamp,
-			"StampMilli":  time.StampMilli,
-			"StampMicro":  time.StampMicro,
-			"StampNano":   time.StampNano,
-		}[timeFormatKey]
-		// When the TimeFormatKey does not exist in the previous map e.g.'2006-01-02 15:04:05'
-		if len(TimeFormat) == 0 {
-			TimeFormat = timeFormatKey
-			TestTimeFormat, _ := time.Parse(TimeFormat, TimeFormat)
-			if TestTimeFormat.Format(time.RFC3339) != "2006-01-02T15:04:05Z" {
-				log.Warn("Provided TimeFormat: %s does not create a fully specified date and time.", TimeFormat)
-				log.Warn("In order to display dates and times correctly please check your time format has 2006, 01, 02, 15, 04 and 05")
-			}
-			log.Trace("Custom TimeFormat: %s", TimeFormat)
-		}
-	}
+// LoadCommonSettings loads common configurations from a configuration provider.
+func LoadCommonSettings() {
+	loadCommonSettingsFrom(CfgProvider)
+}
 
-	zone := Cfg.Section("time").Key("DEFAULT_UI_LOCATION").String()
-	if zone != "" {
-		DefaultUILocation, err = time.LoadLocation(zone)
-		if err != nil {
-			log.Fatal("Load time zone failed: %v", err)
-		} else {
-			log.Info("Default UI Location is %v", zone)
-		}
-	}
-	if DefaultUILocation == nil {
-		DefaultUILocation = time.Local
-	}
+// loadCommonSettingsFrom loads common configurations from a configuration provider.
+func loadCommonSettingsFrom(cfg ConfigProvider) {
+	// WARNNING: don't change the sequence except you know what you are doing.
+	loadRunModeFrom(cfg)
+	loadLogFrom(cfg)
+	loadServerFrom(cfg)
+	loadSSHFrom(cfg)
+	loadOAuth2From(cfg)
+	loadSecurityFrom(cfg)
+	loadAttachmentFrom(cfg)
+	loadLFSFrom(cfg)
+	loadTimeFrom(cfg)
+	loadRepositoryFrom(cfg)
+	loadPictureFrom(cfg)
+	loadPackagesFrom(cfg)
+	loadActionsFrom(cfg)
+	loadUIFrom(cfg)
+	loadAdminFrom(cfg)
+	loadAPIFrom(cfg)
+	loadMetricsFrom(cfg)
+	loadCamoFrom(cfg)
+	loadI18nFrom(cfg)
+	loadGitFrom(cfg)
+	loadMirrorFrom(cfg)
+	loadMarkupFrom(cfg)
+	loadOtherFrom(cfg)
+}
 
-	RunUser = Cfg.Section("").Key("RUN_USER").MustString(user.CurrentUsername())
+func loadRunModeFrom(rootCfg ConfigProvider) {
+	rootSec := rootCfg.Section("")
+	RunUser = rootSec.Key("RUN_USER").MustString(user.CurrentUsername())
 	// The following is a purposefully undocumented option. Please do not run Gitea as root. It will only cause future headaches.
 	// Please don't use root as a bandaid to "fix" something that is broken, instead the broken thing should instead be fixed properly.
-	unsafeAllowRunAsRoot := Cfg.Section("").Key("I_AM_BEING_UNSAFE_RUNNING_AS_ROOT").MustBool(false)
+	unsafeAllowRunAsRoot := rootSec.Key("I_AM_BEING_UNSAFE_RUNNING_AS_ROOT").MustBool(false)
 	RunMode = os.Getenv("GITEA_RUN_MODE")
 	if RunMode == "" {
-		RunMode = Cfg.Section("").Key("RUN_MODE").MustString("prod")
+		RunMode = rootSec.Key("RUN_MODE").MustString("prod")
 	}
 	IsProd = strings.EqualFold(RunMode, "prod")
 	// Does not check run user when the install lock is off.
-	if InstallLock {
+	installLock := rootCfg.Section("security").Key("INSTALL_LOCK").MustBool(false)
+	if installLock {
 		currentUser, match := IsRunUserMatchCurrentUser(RunUser)
 		if !match {
 			log.Fatal("Expect user '%s' but current user is: %s", RunUser, currentUser)
@@ -1072,227 +326,6 @@ func loadFromConf(allowEmpty bool, extraConfig string) {
 		}
 		log.Critical("You are running Gitea using the root user, and have purposely chosen to skip built-in protections around this. You have been warned against this.")
 	}
-
-	SSH.BuiltinServerUser = Cfg.Section("server").Key("BUILTIN_SSH_SERVER_USER").MustString(RunUser)
-	SSH.User = Cfg.Section("server").Key("SSH_USER").MustString(SSH.BuiltinServerUser)
-
-	newRepository()
-
-	newPictureService()
-
-	newPackages()
-
-	newActions()
-
-	if err = Cfg.Section("ui").MapTo(&UI); err != nil {
-		log.Fatal("Failed to map UI settings: %v", err)
-	} else if err = Cfg.Section("markdown").MapTo(&Markdown); err != nil {
-		log.Fatal("Failed to map Markdown settings: %v", err)
-	} else if err = Cfg.Section("admin").MapTo(&Admin); err != nil {
-		log.Fatal("Fail to map Admin settings: %v", err)
-	} else if err = Cfg.Section("api").MapTo(&API); err != nil {
-		log.Fatal("Failed to map API settings: %v", err)
-	} else if err = Cfg.Section("metrics").MapTo(&Metrics); err != nil {
-		log.Fatal("Failed to map Metrics settings: %v", err)
-	} else if err = Cfg.Section("camo").MapTo(&Camo); err != nil {
-		log.Fatal("Failed to map Camo settings: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	if Camo.Enabled {
-		if Camo.ServerURL == "" || Camo.HMACKey == "" {
-			log.Fatal(`Camo settings require "SERVER_URL" and HMAC_KEY`)
-		}
-	}
-
-	u := *appURL
-	u.Path = path.Join(u.Path, "api", "swagger")
-	API.SwaggerURL = u.String()
-
-	newGit()
-
-	newMirror()
-
-	Langs = Cfg.Section("i18n").Key("LANGS").Strings(",")
-	if len(Langs) == 0 {
-		Langs = defaultI18nLangs()
-	}
-	Names = Cfg.Section("i18n").Key("NAMES").Strings(",")
-	if len(Names) == 0 {
-		Names = defaultI18nNames()
-	}
-
-	ShowFooterBranding = Cfg.Section("other").Key("SHOW_FOOTER_BRANDING").MustBool(false)
-	ShowFooterVersion = Cfg.Section("other").Key("SHOW_FOOTER_VERSION").MustBool(true)
-	ShowFooterTemplateLoadTime = Cfg.Section("other").Key("SHOW_FOOTER_TEMPLATE_LOAD_TIME").MustBool(true)
-	EnableSitemap = Cfg.Section("other").Key("ENABLE_SITEMAP").MustBool(true)
-	EnableFeed = Cfg.Section("other").Key("ENABLE_FEED").MustBool(true)
-
-	UI.ShowUserEmail = Cfg.Section("ui").Key("SHOW_USER_EMAIL").MustBool(true)
-	UI.DefaultShowFullName = Cfg.Section("ui").Key("DEFAULT_SHOW_FULL_NAME").MustBool(false)
-	UI.SearchRepoDescription = Cfg.Section("ui").Key("SEARCH_REPO_DESCRIPTION").MustBool(true)
-	UI.UseServiceWorker = Cfg.Section("ui").Key("USE_SERVICE_WORKER").MustBool(false)
-
-	HasRobotsTxt, err = util.IsFile(path.Join(CustomPath, "robots.txt"))
-	if err != nil {
-		log.Error("Unable to check if %s is a file. Error: %v", path.Join(CustomPath, "robots.txt"), err)
-	}
-
-	newMarkup()
-
-	UI.ReactionsLookup = make(container.Set[string])
-	for _, reaction := range UI.Reactions {
-		UI.ReactionsLookup.Add(reaction)
-	}
-	UI.CustomEmojisMap = make(map[string]string)
-	for _, emoji := range UI.CustomEmojis {
-		UI.CustomEmojisMap[emoji] = ":" + emoji + ":"
-	}
-}
-
-func parseAuthorizedPrincipalsAllow(values []string) ([]string, bool) {
-	anything := false
-	email := false
-	username := false
-	for _, value := range values {
-		v := strings.ToLower(strings.TrimSpace(value))
-		switch v {
-		case "off":
-			return []string{"off"}, false
-		case "email":
-			email = true
-		case "username":
-			username = true
-		case "anything":
-			anything = true
-		}
-	}
-	if anything {
-		return []string{"anything"}, true
-	}
-
-	authorizedPrincipalsAllow := []string{}
-	if username {
-		authorizedPrincipalsAllow = append(authorizedPrincipalsAllow, "username")
-	}
-	if email {
-		authorizedPrincipalsAllow = append(authorizedPrincipalsAllow, "email")
-	}
-
-	return authorizedPrincipalsAllow, true
-}
-
-// loadSecret load the secret from ini by uriKey or verbatimKey, only one of them could be set
-// If the secret is loaded from uriKey (file), the file should be non-empty, to guarantee the behavior stable and clear.
-func loadSecret(sec *ini.Section, uriKey, verbatimKey string) string {
-	// don't allow setting both URI and verbatim string
-	uri := sec.Key(uriKey).String()
-	verbatim := sec.Key(verbatimKey).String()
-	if uri != "" && verbatim != "" {
-		log.Fatal("Cannot specify both %s and %s", uriKey, verbatimKey)
-	}
-
-	// if we have no URI, use verbatim
-	if uri == "" {
-		return verbatim
-	}
-
-	tempURI, err := url.Parse(uri)
-	if err != nil {
-		log.Fatal("Failed to parse %s (%s): %v", uriKey, uri, err)
-	}
-	switch tempURI.Scheme {
-	case "file":
-		buf, err := os.ReadFile(tempURI.RequestURI())
-		if err != nil {
-			log.Fatal("Failed to read %s (%s): %v", uriKey, tempURI.RequestURI(), err)
-		}
-		val := strings.TrimSpace(string(buf))
-		if val == "" {
-			// The file shouldn't be empty, otherwise we can not know whether the user has ever set the KEY or KEY_URI
-			// For example: if INTERNAL_TOKEN_URI=file:///empty-file,
-			// Then if the token is re-generated during installation and saved to INTERNAL_TOKEN
-			// Then INTERNAL_TOKEN and INTERNAL_TOKEN_URI both exist, that's a fatal error (they shouldn't)
-			log.Fatal("Failed to read %s (%s): the file is empty", uriKey, tempURI.RequestURI())
-		}
-		return val
-
-	// only file URIs are allowed
-	default:
-		log.Fatal("Unsupported URI-Scheme %q (INTERNAL_TOKEN_URI = %q)", tempURI.Scheme, uri)
-		return ""
-	}
-}
-
-// generateSaveInternalToken generates and saves the internal token to app.ini
-func generateSaveInternalToken() {
-	token, err := generate.NewInternalToken()
-	if err != nil {
-		log.Fatal("Error generate internal token: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	InternalToken = token
-	CreateOrAppendToCustomConf("security.INTERNAL_TOKEN", func(cfg *ini.File) {
-		cfg.Section("security").Key("INTERNAL_TOKEN").SetValue(token)
-	})
-}
-
-// MakeAbsoluteAssetURL returns the absolute asset url prefix without a trailing slash
-func MakeAbsoluteAssetURL(appURL, staticURLPrefix string) string {
-	parsedPrefix, err := url.Parse(strings.TrimSuffix(staticURLPrefix, "/"))
-	if err != nil {
-		log.Fatal("Unable to parse STATIC_URL_PREFIX: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	if err == nil && parsedPrefix.Hostname() == "" {
-		if staticURLPrefix == "" {
-			return strings.TrimSuffix(appURL, "/")
-		}
-
-		// StaticURLPrefix is just a path
-		return util.URLJoin(appURL, strings.TrimSuffix(staticURLPrefix, "/"))
-	}
-
-	return strings.TrimSuffix(staticURLPrefix, "/")
-}
-
-// MakeManifestData generates web app manifest JSON
-func MakeManifestData(appName, appURL, absoluteAssetURL string) []byte {
-	type manifestIcon struct {
-		Src   string `json:"src"`
-		Type  string `json:"type"`
-		Sizes string `json:"sizes"`
-	}
-
-	type manifestJSON struct {
-		Name      string         `json:"name"`
-		ShortName string         `json:"short_name"`
-		StartURL  string         `json:"start_url"`
-		Icons     []manifestIcon `json:"icons"`
-	}
-
-	bytes, err := json.Marshal(&manifestJSON{
-		Name:      appName,
-		ShortName: appName,
-		StartURL:  appURL,
-		Icons: []manifestIcon{
-			{
-				Src:   absoluteAssetURL + "/assets/img/logo.png",
-				Type:  "image/png",
-				Sizes: "512x512",
-			},
-			{
-				Src:   absoluteAssetURL + "/assets/img/logo.svg",
-				Type:  "image/svg+xml",
-				Sizes: "512x512",
-			},
-		},
-	})
-	if err != nil {
-		log.Error("unable to marshal manifest JSON. Error: %v", err)
-		return make([]byte, 0)
-	}
-
-	return bytes
 }
 
 // CreateOrAppendToCustomConf creates or updates the custom config.
@@ -1340,32 +373,30 @@ func CreateOrAppendToCustomConf(purpose string, callback func(cfg *ini.File)) {
 	}
 }
 
-// NewServices initializes the services
-func NewServices() {
-	InitDBConfig()
-	newService()
-	newOAuth2Client()
-	NewLogServices(false)
-	newCacheService()
-	newSessionService()
-	newCORSService()
-	parseMailerConfig(Cfg)
-	newIncomingEmail()
-	newRegisterMailService()
-	newNotifyMailService()
-	newProxyService()
-	newWebhookService()
-	newMigrationsService()
-	newIndexerService()
-	newTaskService()
-	NewQueueService()
-	newProject()
-	newMimeTypeMap()
-	newFederationService()
+// LoadSettings initializes the settings for normal start up
+func LoadSettings() {
+	LoadDBSetting()
+	loadServiceFrom(CfgProvider)
+	loadOAuth2ClientFrom(CfgProvider)
+	InitLogs(false)
+	loadCacheFrom(CfgProvider)
+	loadSessionFrom(CfgProvider)
+	loadCorsFrom(CfgProvider)
+	loadMailsFrom(CfgProvider)
+	loadProxyFrom(CfgProvider)
+	loadWebhookFrom(CfgProvider)
+	loadMigrationsFrom(CfgProvider)
+	loadIndexerFrom(CfgProvider)
+	loadTaskFrom(CfgProvider)
+	LoadQueueSettings()
+	loadProjectFrom(CfgProvider)
+	loadMimeTypeMapFrom(CfgProvider)
+	loadFederationFrom(CfgProvider)
 }
 
-// NewServicesForInstall initializes the services for install
-func NewServicesForInstall() {
-	newService()
-	parseMailerConfig(Cfg)
+// LoadSettingsForInstall initializes the settings for install
+func LoadSettingsForInstall() {
+	LoadDBSetting()
+	loadServiceFrom(CfgProvider)
+	loadMailerFrom(CfgProvider)
 }
diff --git a/modules/setting/ssh.go b/modules/setting/ssh.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e8796f98d6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/modules/setting/ssh.go
@@ -0,0 +1,197 @@
+// Copyright 2023 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package setting
+
+import (
+	"os"
+	"path"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strings"
+	"text/template"
+	"time"
+
+	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/log"
+	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/util"
+
+	gossh "golang.org/x/crypto/ssh"
+)
+
+var SSH = struct {
+	Disabled                              bool               `ini:"DISABLE_SSH"`
+	StartBuiltinServer                    bool               `ini:"START_SSH_SERVER"`
+	BuiltinServerUser                     string             `ini:"BUILTIN_SSH_SERVER_USER"`
+	UseProxyProtocol                      bool               `ini:"SSH_SERVER_USE_PROXY_PROTOCOL"`
+	Domain                                string             `ini:"SSH_DOMAIN"`
+	Port                                  int                `ini:"SSH_PORT"`
+	User                                  string             `ini:"SSH_USER"`
+	ListenHost                            string             `ini:"SSH_LISTEN_HOST"`
+	ListenPort                            int                `ini:"SSH_LISTEN_PORT"`
+	RootPath                              string             `ini:"SSH_ROOT_PATH"`
+	ServerCiphers                         []string           `ini:"SSH_SERVER_CIPHERS"`
+	ServerKeyExchanges                    []string           `ini:"SSH_SERVER_KEY_EXCHANGES"`
+	ServerMACs                            []string           `ini:"SSH_SERVER_MACS"`
+	ServerHostKeys                        []string           `ini:"SSH_SERVER_HOST_KEYS"`
+	KeyTestPath                           string             `ini:"SSH_KEY_TEST_PATH"`
+	KeygenPath                            string             `ini:"SSH_KEYGEN_PATH"`
+	AuthorizedKeysBackup                  bool               `ini:"SSH_AUTHORIZED_KEYS_BACKUP"`
+	AuthorizedPrincipalsBackup            bool               `ini:"SSH_AUTHORIZED_PRINCIPALS_BACKUP"`
+	AuthorizedKeysCommandTemplate         string             `ini:"SSH_AUTHORIZED_KEYS_COMMAND_TEMPLATE"`
+	AuthorizedKeysCommandTemplateTemplate *template.Template `ini:"-"`
+	MinimumKeySizeCheck                   bool               `ini:"-"`
+	MinimumKeySizes                       map[string]int     `ini:"-"`
+	CreateAuthorizedKeysFile              bool               `ini:"SSH_CREATE_AUTHORIZED_KEYS_FILE"`
+	CreateAuthorizedPrincipalsFile        bool               `ini:"SSH_CREATE_AUTHORIZED_PRINCIPALS_FILE"`
+	ExposeAnonymous                       bool               `ini:"SSH_EXPOSE_ANONYMOUS"`
+	AuthorizedPrincipalsAllow             []string           `ini:"SSH_AUTHORIZED_PRINCIPALS_ALLOW"`
+	AuthorizedPrincipalsEnabled           bool               `ini:"-"`
+	TrustedUserCAKeys                     []string           `ini:"SSH_TRUSTED_USER_CA_KEYS"`
+	TrustedUserCAKeysFile                 string             `ini:"SSH_TRUSTED_USER_CA_KEYS_FILENAME"`
+	TrustedUserCAKeysParsed               []gossh.PublicKey  `ini:"-"`
+	PerWriteTimeout                       time.Duration      `ini:"SSH_PER_WRITE_TIMEOUT"`
+	PerWritePerKbTimeout                  time.Duration      `ini:"SSH_PER_WRITE_PER_KB_TIMEOUT"`
+}{
+	Disabled:                      false,
+	StartBuiltinServer:            false,
+	Domain:                        "",
+	Port:                          22,
+	ServerCiphers:                 []string{"chacha20-poly1305@openssh.com", "aes128-ctr", "aes192-ctr", "aes256-ctr", "aes128-gcm@openssh.com", "aes256-gcm@openssh.com"},
+	ServerKeyExchanges:            []string{"curve25519-sha256", "ecdh-sha2-nistp256", "ecdh-sha2-nistp384", "ecdh-sha2-nistp521", "diffie-hellman-group14-sha256", "diffie-hellman-group14-sha1"},
+	ServerMACs:                    []string{"hmac-sha2-256-etm@openssh.com", "hmac-sha2-256", "hmac-sha1"},
+	KeygenPath:                    "ssh-keygen",
+	MinimumKeySizeCheck:           true,
+	MinimumKeySizes:               map[string]int{"ed25519": 256, "ed25519-sk": 256, "ecdsa": 256, "ecdsa-sk": 256, "rsa": 2047},
+	ServerHostKeys:                []string{"ssh/gitea.rsa", "ssh/gogs.rsa"},
+	AuthorizedKeysCommandTemplate: "{{.AppPath}} --config={{.CustomConf}} serv key-{{.Key.ID}}",
+	PerWriteTimeout:               PerWriteTimeout,
+	PerWritePerKbTimeout:          PerWritePerKbTimeout,
+}
+
+func parseAuthorizedPrincipalsAllow(values []string) ([]string, bool) {
+	anything := false
+	email := false
+	username := false
+	for _, value := range values {
+		v := strings.ToLower(strings.TrimSpace(value))
+		switch v {
+		case "off":
+			return []string{"off"}, false
+		case "email":
+			email = true
+		case "username":
+			username = true
+		case "anything":
+			anything = true
+		}
+	}
+	if anything {
+		return []string{"anything"}, true
+	}
+
+	authorizedPrincipalsAllow := []string{}
+	if username {
+		authorizedPrincipalsAllow = append(authorizedPrincipalsAllow, "username")
+	}
+	if email {
+		authorizedPrincipalsAllow = append(authorizedPrincipalsAllow, "email")
+	}
+
+	return authorizedPrincipalsAllow, true
+}
+
+func loadSSHFrom(rootCfg ConfigProvider) {
+	sec := rootCfg.Section("server")
+	if len(SSH.Domain) == 0 {
+		SSH.Domain = Domain
+	}
+
+	homeDir, err := util.HomeDir()
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Fatal("Failed to get home directory: %v", err)
+	}
+	homeDir = strings.ReplaceAll(homeDir, "\\", "/")
+
+	SSH.RootPath = path.Join(homeDir, ".ssh")
+	serverCiphers := sec.Key("SSH_SERVER_CIPHERS").Strings(",")
+	if len(serverCiphers) > 0 {
+		SSH.ServerCiphers = serverCiphers
+	}
+	serverKeyExchanges := sec.Key("SSH_SERVER_KEY_EXCHANGES").Strings(",")
+	if len(serverKeyExchanges) > 0 {
+		SSH.ServerKeyExchanges = serverKeyExchanges
+	}
+	serverMACs := sec.Key("SSH_SERVER_MACS").Strings(",")
+	if len(serverMACs) > 0 {
+		SSH.ServerMACs = serverMACs
+	}
+	SSH.KeyTestPath = os.TempDir()
+	if err = sec.MapTo(&SSH); err != nil {
+		log.Fatal("Failed to map SSH settings: %v", err)
+	}
+	for i, key := range SSH.ServerHostKeys {
+		if !filepath.IsAbs(key) {
+			SSH.ServerHostKeys[i] = filepath.Join(AppDataPath, key)
+		}
+	}
+
+	SSH.KeygenPath = sec.Key("SSH_KEYGEN_PATH").MustString("ssh-keygen")
+	SSH.Port = sec.Key("SSH_PORT").MustInt(22)
+	SSH.ListenPort = sec.Key("SSH_LISTEN_PORT").MustInt(SSH.Port)
+	SSH.UseProxyProtocol = sec.Key("SSH_SERVER_USE_PROXY_PROTOCOL").MustBool(false)
+
+	// When disable SSH, start builtin server value is ignored.
+	if SSH.Disabled {
+		SSH.StartBuiltinServer = false
+	}
+
+	SSH.TrustedUserCAKeysFile = sec.Key("SSH_TRUSTED_USER_CA_KEYS_FILENAME").MustString(filepath.Join(SSH.RootPath, "gitea-trusted-user-ca-keys.pem"))
+
+	for _, caKey := range SSH.TrustedUserCAKeys {
+		pubKey, _, _, _, err := gossh.ParseAuthorizedKey([]byte(caKey))
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Fatal("Failed to parse TrustedUserCaKeys: %s %v", caKey, err)
+		}
+
+		SSH.TrustedUserCAKeysParsed = append(SSH.TrustedUserCAKeysParsed, pubKey)
+	}
+	if len(SSH.TrustedUserCAKeys) > 0 {
+		// Set the default as email,username otherwise we can leave it empty
+		sec.Key("SSH_AUTHORIZED_PRINCIPALS_ALLOW").MustString("username,email")
+	} else {
+		sec.Key("SSH_AUTHORIZED_PRINCIPALS_ALLOW").MustString("off")
+	}
+
+	SSH.AuthorizedPrincipalsAllow, SSH.AuthorizedPrincipalsEnabled = parseAuthorizedPrincipalsAllow(sec.Key("SSH_AUTHORIZED_PRINCIPALS_ALLOW").Strings(","))
+
+	SSH.MinimumKeySizeCheck = sec.Key("MINIMUM_KEY_SIZE_CHECK").MustBool(SSH.MinimumKeySizeCheck)
+	minimumKeySizes := rootCfg.Section("ssh.minimum_key_sizes").Keys()
+	for _, key := range minimumKeySizes {
+		if key.MustInt() != -1 {
+			SSH.MinimumKeySizes[strings.ToLower(key.Name())] = key.MustInt()
+		} else {
+			delete(SSH.MinimumKeySizes, strings.ToLower(key.Name()))
+		}
+	}
+
+	SSH.AuthorizedKeysBackup = sec.Key("SSH_AUTHORIZED_KEYS_BACKUP").MustBool(true)
+	SSH.CreateAuthorizedKeysFile = sec.Key("SSH_CREATE_AUTHORIZED_KEYS_FILE").MustBool(true)
+
+	SSH.AuthorizedPrincipalsBackup = false
+	SSH.CreateAuthorizedPrincipalsFile = false
+	if SSH.AuthorizedPrincipalsEnabled {
+		SSH.AuthorizedPrincipalsBackup = sec.Key("SSH_AUTHORIZED_PRINCIPALS_BACKUP").MustBool(true)
+		SSH.CreateAuthorizedPrincipalsFile = sec.Key("SSH_CREATE_AUTHORIZED_PRINCIPALS_FILE").MustBool(true)
+	}
+
+	SSH.ExposeAnonymous = sec.Key("SSH_EXPOSE_ANONYMOUS").MustBool(false)
+	SSH.AuthorizedKeysCommandTemplate = sec.Key("SSH_AUTHORIZED_KEYS_COMMAND_TEMPLATE").MustString(SSH.AuthorizedKeysCommandTemplate)
+
+	SSH.AuthorizedKeysCommandTemplateTemplate = template.Must(template.New("").Parse(SSH.AuthorizedKeysCommandTemplate))
+
+	SSH.PerWriteTimeout = sec.Key("SSH_PER_WRITE_TIMEOUT").MustDuration(PerWriteTimeout)
+	SSH.PerWritePerKbTimeout = sec.Key("SSH_PER_WRITE_PER_KB_TIMEOUT").MustDuration(PerWritePerKbTimeout)
+
+	// ensure parseRunModeSetting has been executed before this
+	SSH.BuiltinServerUser = rootCfg.Section("server").Key("BUILTIN_SSH_SERVER_USER").MustString(RunUser)
+	SSH.User = rootCfg.Section("server").Key("SSH_USER").MustString(SSH.BuiltinServerUser)
+}
diff --git a/modules/setting/storage.go b/modules/setting/storage.go
index 32f74aa072..9197c5f8bb 100644
--- a/modules/setting/storage.go
+++ b/modules/setting/storage.go
@@ -30,9 +30,9 @@ func (s *Storage) MapTo(v interface{}) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
-func getStorage(name, typ string, targetSec *ini.Section) Storage {
+func getStorage(rootCfg ConfigProvider, name, typ string, targetSec *ini.Section) Storage {
 	const sectionName = "storage"
-	sec := Cfg.Section(sectionName)
+	sec := rootCfg.Section(sectionName)
 
 	// Global Defaults
 	sec.Key("MINIO_ENDPOINT").MustString("localhost:9000")
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ func getStorage(name, typ string, targetSec *ini.Section) Storage {
 	sec.Key("MINIO_USE_SSL").MustBool(false)
 
 	if targetSec == nil {
-		targetSec, _ = Cfg.NewSection(name)
+		targetSec, _ = rootCfg.NewSection(name)
 	}
 
 	var storage Storage
@@ -51,12 +51,12 @@ func getStorage(name, typ string, targetSec *ini.Section) Storage {
 	storage.Type = typ
 
 	overrides := make([]*ini.Section, 0, 3)
-	nameSec, err := Cfg.GetSection(sectionName + "." + name)
+	nameSec, err := rootCfg.GetSection(sectionName + "." + name)
 	if err == nil {
 		overrides = append(overrides, nameSec)
 	}
 
-	typeSec, err := Cfg.GetSection(sectionName + "." + typ)
+	typeSec, err := rootCfg.GetSection(sectionName + "." + typ)
 	if err == nil {
 		overrides = append(overrides, typeSec)
 		nextType := typeSec.Key("STORAGE_TYPE").String()
diff --git a/modules/setting/storage_test.go b/modules/setting/storage_test.go
index 256bbb7a52..7737d233b9 100644
--- a/modules/setting/storage_test.go
+++ b/modules/setting/storage_test.go
@@ -20,11 +20,12 @@ MINIO_BUCKET = gitea-attachment
 STORAGE_TYPE = minio
 MINIO_ENDPOINT = my_minio:9000
 `
-	Cfg, _ = ini.Load([]byte(iniStr))
+	cfg, err := ini.Load([]byte(iniStr))
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
 
-	sec := Cfg.Section("attachment")
+	sec := cfg.Section("attachment")
 	storageType := sec.Key("STORAGE_TYPE").MustString("")
-	storage := getStorage("attachments", storageType, sec)
+	storage := getStorage(cfg, "attachments", storageType, sec)
 
 	assert.EqualValues(t, "minio", storage.Type)
 	assert.EqualValues(t, "my_minio:9000", storage.Section.Key("MINIO_ENDPOINT").String())
@@ -42,11 +43,12 @@ MINIO_BUCKET = gitea-attachment
 [storage.minio]
 MINIO_BUCKET = gitea
 `
-	Cfg, _ = ini.Load([]byte(iniStr))
+	cfg, err := ini.Load([]byte(iniStr))
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
 
-	sec := Cfg.Section("attachment")
+	sec := cfg.Section("attachment")
 	storageType := sec.Key("STORAGE_TYPE").MustString("")
-	storage := getStorage("attachments", storageType, sec)
+	storage := getStorage(cfg, "attachments", storageType, sec)
 
 	assert.EqualValues(t, "minio", storage.Type)
 	assert.EqualValues(t, "gitea-attachment", storage.Section.Key("MINIO_BUCKET").String())
@@ -63,11 +65,12 @@ MINIO_BUCKET = gitea-minio
 [storage]
 MINIO_BUCKET = gitea
 `
-	Cfg, _ = ini.Load([]byte(iniStr))
+	cfg, err := ini.Load([]byte(iniStr))
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
 
-	sec := Cfg.Section("attachment")
+	sec := cfg.Section("attachment")
 	storageType := sec.Key("STORAGE_TYPE").MustString("")
-	storage := getStorage("attachments", storageType, sec)
+	storage := getStorage(cfg, "attachments", storageType, sec)
 
 	assert.EqualValues(t, "minio", storage.Type)
 	assert.EqualValues(t, "gitea-minio", storage.Section.Key("MINIO_BUCKET").String())
@@ -85,22 +88,24 @@ MINIO_BUCKET = gitea
 [storage]
 STORAGE_TYPE = local
 `
-	Cfg, _ = ini.Load([]byte(iniStr))
+	cfg, err := ini.Load([]byte(iniStr))
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
 
-	sec := Cfg.Section("attachment")
+	sec := cfg.Section("attachment")
 	storageType := sec.Key("STORAGE_TYPE").MustString("")
-	storage := getStorage("attachments", storageType, sec)
+	storage := getStorage(cfg, "attachments", storageType, sec)
 
 	assert.EqualValues(t, "minio", storage.Type)
 	assert.EqualValues(t, "gitea-attachment", storage.Section.Key("MINIO_BUCKET").String())
 }
 
 func Test_getStorageGetDefaults(t *testing.T) {
-	Cfg, _ = ini.Load([]byte(""))
+	cfg, err := ini.Load([]byte(""))
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
 
-	sec := Cfg.Section("attachment")
+	sec := cfg.Section("attachment")
 	storageType := sec.Key("STORAGE_TYPE").MustString("")
-	storage := getStorage("attachments", storageType, sec)
+	storage := getStorage(cfg, "attachments", storageType, sec)
 
 	assert.EqualValues(t, "gitea", storage.Section.Key("MINIO_BUCKET").String())
 }
@@ -116,26 +121,27 @@ MINIO_BUCKET = gitea-attachment
 [storage]
 MINIO_BUCKET = gitea-storage
 `
-	Cfg, _ = ini.Load([]byte(iniStr))
+	cfg, err := ini.Load([]byte(iniStr))
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
 
 	{
-		sec := Cfg.Section("attachment")
+		sec := cfg.Section("attachment")
 		storageType := sec.Key("STORAGE_TYPE").MustString("")
-		storage := getStorage("attachments", storageType, sec)
+		storage := getStorage(cfg, "attachments", storageType, sec)
 
 		assert.EqualValues(t, "gitea-attachment", storage.Section.Key("MINIO_BUCKET").String())
 	}
 	{
-		sec := Cfg.Section("lfs")
+		sec := cfg.Section("lfs")
 		storageType := sec.Key("STORAGE_TYPE").MustString("")
-		storage := getStorage("lfs", storageType, sec)
+		storage := getStorage(cfg, "lfs", storageType, sec)
 
 		assert.EqualValues(t, "gitea-lfs", storage.Section.Key("MINIO_BUCKET").String())
 	}
 	{
-		sec := Cfg.Section("avatar")
+		sec := cfg.Section("avatar")
 		storageType := sec.Key("STORAGE_TYPE").MustString("")
-		storage := getStorage("avatars", storageType, sec)
+		storage := getStorage(cfg, "avatars", storageType, sec)
 
 		assert.EqualValues(t, "gitea-storage", storage.Section.Key("MINIO_BUCKET").String())
 	}
@@ -149,19 +155,20 @@ STORAGE_TYPE = lfs
 [storage.lfs]
 MINIO_BUCKET = gitea-storage
 `
-	Cfg, _ = ini.Load([]byte(iniStr))
+	cfg, err := ini.Load([]byte(iniStr))
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
 
 	{
-		sec := Cfg.Section("attachment")
+		sec := cfg.Section("attachment")
 		storageType := sec.Key("STORAGE_TYPE").MustString("")
-		storage := getStorage("attachments", storageType, sec)
+		storage := getStorage(cfg, "attachments", storageType, sec)
 
 		assert.EqualValues(t, "gitea-storage", storage.Section.Key("MINIO_BUCKET").String())
 	}
 	{
-		sec := Cfg.Section("lfs")
+		sec := cfg.Section("lfs")
 		storageType := sec.Key("STORAGE_TYPE").MustString("")
-		storage := getStorage("lfs", storageType, sec)
+		storage := getStorage(cfg, "lfs", storageType, sec)
 
 		assert.EqualValues(t, "gitea-storage", storage.Section.Key("MINIO_BUCKET").String())
 	}
@@ -172,11 +179,12 @@ func Test_getStorageInheritStorageType(t *testing.T) {
 [storage]
 STORAGE_TYPE = minio
 `
-	Cfg, _ = ini.Load([]byte(iniStr))
+	cfg, err := ini.Load([]byte(iniStr))
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
 
-	sec := Cfg.Section("attachment")
+	sec := cfg.Section("attachment")
 	storageType := sec.Key("STORAGE_TYPE").MustString("")
-	storage := getStorage("attachments", storageType, sec)
+	storage := getStorage(cfg, "attachments", storageType, sec)
 
 	assert.EqualValues(t, "minio", storage.Type)
 }
@@ -186,11 +194,12 @@ func Test_getStorageInheritNameSectionType(t *testing.T) {
 [storage.attachments]
 STORAGE_TYPE = minio
 `
-	Cfg, _ = ini.Load([]byte(iniStr))
+	cfg, err := ini.Load([]byte(iniStr))
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
 
-	sec := Cfg.Section("attachment")
+	sec := cfg.Section("attachment")
 	storageType := sec.Key("STORAGE_TYPE").MustString("")
-	storage := getStorage("attachments", storageType, sec)
+	storage := getStorage(cfg, "attachments", storageType, sec)
 
 	assert.EqualValues(t, "minio", storage.Type)
 }
diff --git a/modules/setting/task.go b/modules/setting/task.go
index cfb0f54668..81732deeb6 100644
--- a/modules/setting/task.go
+++ b/modules/setting/task.go
@@ -5,13 +5,13 @@ package setting
 
 // FIXME: DEPRECATED to be removed in v1.18.0
 // - will need to set default for [queue.task] LENGTH to 1000 though
-func newTaskService() {
-	taskSec := Cfg.Section("task")
-	queueTaskSec := Cfg.Section("queue.task")
+func loadTaskFrom(rootCfg ConfigProvider) {
+	taskSec := rootCfg.Section("task")
+	queueTaskSec := rootCfg.Section("queue.task")
 
-	deprecatedSetting("task", "QUEUE_TYPE", "queue.task", "TYPE")
-	deprecatedSetting("task", "QUEUE_CONN_STR", "queue.task", "CONN_STR")
-	deprecatedSetting("task", "QUEUE_LENGTH", "queue.task", "LENGTH")
+	deprecatedSetting(rootCfg, "task", "QUEUE_TYPE", "queue.task", "TYPE")
+	deprecatedSetting(rootCfg, "task", "QUEUE_CONN_STR", "queue.task", "CONN_STR")
+	deprecatedSetting(rootCfg, "task", "QUEUE_LENGTH", "queue.task", "LENGTH")
 
 	switch taskSec.Key("QUEUE_TYPE").MustString("channel") {
 	case "channel":
diff --git a/modules/setting/time.go b/modules/setting/time.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5fd0fdb92f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/modules/setting/time.go
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+// Copyright 2023 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package setting
+
+import (
+	"time"
+
+	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/log"
+)
+
+var (
+	// Time settings
+	TimeFormat string
+	// UILocation is the location on the UI, so that we can display the time on UI.
+	DefaultUILocation = time.Local
+)
+
+func loadTimeFrom(rootCfg ConfigProvider) {
+	timeFormatKey := rootCfg.Section("time").Key("FORMAT").MustString("")
+	if timeFormatKey != "" {
+		TimeFormat = map[string]string{
+			"ANSIC":       time.ANSIC,
+			"UnixDate":    time.UnixDate,
+			"RubyDate":    time.RubyDate,
+			"RFC822":      time.RFC822,
+			"RFC822Z":     time.RFC822Z,
+			"RFC850":      time.RFC850,
+			"RFC1123":     time.RFC1123,
+			"RFC1123Z":    time.RFC1123Z,
+			"RFC3339":     time.RFC3339,
+			"RFC3339Nano": time.RFC3339Nano,
+			"Kitchen":     time.Kitchen,
+			"Stamp":       time.Stamp,
+			"StampMilli":  time.StampMilli,
+			"StampMicro":  time.StampMicro,
+			"StampNano":   time.StampNano,
+		}[timeFormatKey]
+		// When the TimeFormatKey does not exist in the previous map e.g.'2006-01-02 15:04:05'
+		if len(TimeFormat) == 0 {
+			TimeFormat = timeFormatKey
+			TestTimeFormat, _ := time.Parse(TimeFormat, TimeFormat)
+			if TestTimeFormat.Format(time.RFC3339) != "2006-01-02T15:04:05Z" {
+				log.Warn("Provided TimeFormat: %s does not create a fully specified date and time.", TimeFormat)
+				log.Warn("In order to display dates and times correctly please check your time format has 2006, 01, 02, 15, 04 and 05")
+			}
+			log.Trace("Custom TimeFormat: %s", TimeFormat)
+		}
+	}
+
+	zone := rootCfg.Section("time").Key("DEFAULT_UI_LOCATION").String()
+	if zone != "" {
+		var err error
+		DefaultUILocation, err = time.LoadLocation(zone)
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Fatal("Load time zone failed: %v", err)
+		} else {
+			log.Info("Default UI Location is %v", zone)
+		}
+	}
+	if DefaultUILocation == nil {
+		DefaultUILocation = time.Local
+	}
+}
diff --git a/modules/setting/ui.go b/modules/setting/ui.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2df3c35c76
--- /dev/null
+++ b/modules/setting/ui.go
@@ -0,0 +1,152 @@
+// Copyright 2023 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package setting
+
+import (
+	"time"
+
+	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/container"
+)
+
+// UI settings
+var UI = struct {
+	ExplorePagingNum      int
+	SitemapPagingNum      int
+	IssuePagingNum        int
+	RepoSearchPagingNum   int
+	MembersPagingNum      int
+	FeedMaxCommitNum      int
+	FeedPagingNum         int
+	PackagesPagingNum     int
+	GraphMaxCommitNum     int
+	CodeCommentLines      int
+	ReactionMaxUserNum    int
+	ThemeColorMetaTag     string
+	MaxDisplayFileSize    int64
+	ShowUserEmail         bool
+	DefaultShowFullName   bool
+	DefaultTheme          string
+	Themes                []string
+	Reactions             []string
+	ReactionsLookup       container.Set[string] `ini:"-"`
+	CustomEmojis          []string
+	CustomEmojisMap       map[string]string `ini:"-"`
+	SearchRepoDescription bool
+	UseServiceWorker      bool
+	OnlyShowRelevantRepos bool
+
+	Notification struct {
+		MinTimeout            time.Duration
+		TimeoutStep           time.Duration
+		MaxTimeout            time.Duration
+		EventSourceUpdateTime time.Duration
+	} `ini:"ui.notification"`
+
+	SVG struct {
+		Enabled bool `ini:"ENABLE_RENDER"`
+	} `ini:"ui.svg"`
+
+	CSV struct {
+		MaxFileSize int64
+	} `ini:"ui.csv"`
+
+	Admin struct {
+		UserPagingNum   int
+		RepoPagingNum   int
+		NoticePagingNum int
+		OrgPagingNum    int
+	} `ini:"ui.admin"`
+	User struct {
+		RepoPagingNum int
+	} `ini:"ui.user"`
+	Meta struct {
+		Author      string
+		Description string
+		Keywords    string
+	} `ini:"ui.meta"`
+}{
+	ExplorePagingNum:    20,
+	SitemapPagingNum:    20,
+	IssuePagingNum:      20,
+	RepoSearchPagingNum: 20,
+	MembersPagingNum:    20,
+	FeedMaxCommitNum:    5,
+	FeedPagingNum:       20,
+	PackagesPagingNum:   20,
+	GraphMaxCommitNum:   100,
+	CodeCommentLines:    4,
+	ReactionMaxUserNum:  10,
+	ThemeColorMetaTag:   `#6cc644`,
+	MaxDisplayFileSize:  8388608,
+	DefaultTheme:        `auto`,
+	Themes:              []string{`auto`, `gitea`, `arc-green`},
+	Reactions:           []string{`+1`, `-1`, `laugh`, `hooray`, `confused`, `heart`, `rocket`, `eyes`},
+	CustomEmojis:        []string{`git`, `gitea`, `codeberg`, `gitlab`, `github`, `gogs`},
+	CustomEmojisMap:     map[string]string{"git": ":git:", "gitea": ":gitea:", "codeberg": ":codeberg:", "gitlab": ":gitlab:", "github": ":github:", "gogs": ":gogs:"},
+	Notification: struct {
+		MinTimeout            time.Duration
+		TimeoutStep           time.Duration
+		MaxTimeout            time.Duration
+		EventSourceUpdateTime time.Duration
+	}{
+		MinTimeout:            10 * time.Second,
+		TimeoutStep:           10 * time.Second,
+		MaxTimeout:            60 * time.Second,
+		EventSourceUpdateTime: 10 * time.Second,
+	},
+	SVG: struct {
+		Enabled bool `ini:"ENABLE_RENDER"`
+	}{
+		Enabled: true,
+	},
+	CSV: struct {
+		MaxFileSize int64
+	}{
+		MaxFileSize: 524288,
+	},
+	Admin: struct {
+		UserPagingNum   int
+		RepoPagingNum   int
+		NoticePagingNum int
+		OrgPagingNum    int
+	}{
+		UserPagingNum:   50,
+		RepoPagingNum:   50,
+		NoticePagingNum: 25,
+		OrgPagingNum:    50,
+	},
+	User: struct {
+		RepoPagingNum int
+	}{
+		RepoPagingNum: 15,
+	},
+	Meta: struct {
+		Author      string
+		Description string
+		Keywords    string
+	}{
+		Author:      "Gitea - Git with a cup of tea",
+		Description: "Gitea (Git with a cup of tea) is a painless self-hosted Git service written in Go",
+		Keywords:    "go,git,self-hosted,gitea",
+	},
+}
+
+func loadUIFrom(rootCfg ConfigProvider) {
+	mustMapSetting(rootCfg, "ui", &UI)
+	sec := rootCfg.Section("ui")
+	UI.ShowUserEmail = sec.Key("SHOW_USER_EMAIL").MustBool(true)
+	UI.DefaultShowFullName = sec.Key("DEFAULT_SHOW_FULL_NAME").MustBool(false)
+	UI.SearchRepoDescription = sec.Key("SEARCH_REPO_DESCRIPTION").MustBool(true)
+	UI.UseServiceWorker = sec.Key("USE_SERVICE_WORKER").MustBool(false)
+	UI.OnlyShowRelevantRepos = sec.Key("ONLY_SHOW_RELEVANT_REPOS").MustBool(false)
+
+	UI.ReactionsLookup = make(container.Set[string])
+	for _, reaction := range UI.Reactions {
+		UI.ReactionsLookup.Add(reaction)
+	}
+	UI.CustomEmojisMap = make(map[string]string)
+	for _, emoji := range UI.CustomEmojis {
+		UI.CustomEmojisMap[emoji] = ":" + emoji + ":"
+	}
+}
diff --git a/modules/setting/webhook.go b/modules/setting/webhook.go
index 51e36c3419..c01261dbbd 100644
--- a/modules/setting/webhook.go
+++ b/modules/setting/webhook.go
@@ -29,8 +29,8 @@ var Webhook = struct {
 	ProxyHosts:     []string{},
 }
 
-func newWebhookService() {
-	sec := Cfg.Section("webhook")
+func loadWebhookFrom(rootCfg ConfigProvider) {
+	sec := rootCfg.Section("webhook")
 	Webhook.QueueLength = sec.Key("QUEUE_LENGTH").MustInt(1000)
 	Webhook.DeliverTimeout = sec.Key("DELIVER_TIMEOUT").MustInt(5)
 	Webhook.SkipTLSVerify = sec.Key("SKIP_TLS_VERIFY").MustBool()
diff --git a/routers/api/v1/repo/main_test.go b/routers/api/v1/repo/main_test.go
index 543fb922d6..c7466c493f 100644
--- a/routers/api/v1/repo/main_test.go
+++ b/routers/api/v1/repo/main_test.go
@@ -13,8 +13,8 @@ import (
 )
 
 func TestMain(m *testing.M) {
-	setting.LoadForTest()
-	setting.NewQueueService()
+	setting.InitProviderAndLoadCommonSettingsForTest()
+	setting.LoadQueueSettings()
 	unittest.MainTest(m, &unittest.TestOptions{
 		GiteaRootPath: filepath.Join("..", "..", "..", ".."),
 		SetUp:         webhook_service.Init,
diff --git a/routers/common/middleware.go b/routers/common/middleware.go
index d664bfccfa..4f9d43c362 100644
--- a/routers/common/middleware.go
+++ b/routers/common/middleware.go
@@ -50,11 +50,11 @@ func Middlewares() []func(http.Handler) http.Handler {
 
 	handlers = append(handlers, middleware.StripSlashes)
 
-	if !setting.DisableRouterLog {
+	if !setting.Log.DisableRouterLog {
 		handlers = append(handlers, routing.NewLoggerHandler())
 	}
 
-	if setting.EnableAccessLog {
+	if setting.Log.EnableAccessLog {
 		handlers = append(handlers, context.AccessLogger())
 	}
 
diff --git a/routers/init.go b/routers/init.go
index ab2e2a0bb7..6a51de669a 100644
--- a/routers/init.go
+++ b/routers/init.go
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ func mustInitCtx(ctx context.Context, fn func(ctx context.Context) error) {
 
 // InitGitServices init new services for git, this is also called in `contrib/pr/checkout.go`
 func InitGitServices() {
-	setting.NewServices()
+	setting.LoadSettings()
 	mustInit(storage.Init)
 	mustInit(repo_service.Init)
 }
@@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ func GlobalInitInstalled(ctx context.Context) {
 	log.Info("AppPath: %s", setting.AppPath)
 	log.Info("AppWorkPath: %s", setting.AppWorkPath)
 	log.Info("Custom path: %s", setting.CustomPath)
-	log.Info("Log path: %s", setting.LogRootPath)
+	log.Info("Log path: %s", setting.Log.RootPath)
 	log.Info("Configuration file: %s", setting.CustomConf)
 	log.Info("Run Mode: %s", util.ToTitleCase(setting.RunMode))
 	log.Info("Gitea v%s%s", setting.AppVer, setting.AppBuiltWith)
@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ func GlobalInitInstalled(ctx context.Context) {
 	// Setup i18n
 	translation.InitLocales(ctx)
 
-	setting.NewServices()
+	setting.LoadSettings()
 	mustInit(storage.Init)
 
 	mailer.NewContext(ctx)
diff --git a/routers/install/install.go b/routers/install/install.go
index 34ed5c355b..a3d64e5f73 100644
--- a/routers/install/install.go
+++ b/routers/install/install.go
@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ func Install(ctx *context.Context) {
 	form.SSHPort = setting.SSH.Port
 	form.HTTPPort = setting.HTTPPort
 	form.AppURL = setting.AppURL
-	form.LogRootPath = setting.LogRootPath
+	form.LogRootPath = setting.Log.RootPath
 
 	// E-mail service settings
 	if setting.MailService != nil {
@@ -467,7 +467,7 @@ func SubmitInstall(ctx *context.Context) {
 	cfg.Section("session").Key("PROVIDER").SetValue("file")
 
 	cfg.Section("log").Key("MODE").SetValue("console")
-	cfg.Section("log").Key("LEVEL").SetValue(setting.LogLevel.String())
+	cfg.Section("log").Key("LEVEL").SetValue(setting.Log.Level.String())
 	cfg.Section("log").Key("ROOT_PATH").SetValue(form.LogRootPath)
 	cfg.Section("log").Key("ROUTER").SetValue("console")
 
diff --git a/routers/install/setting.go b/routers/install/setting.go
index b76219f45d..68984f1e78 100644
--- a/routers/install/setting.go
+++ b/routers/install/setting.go
@@ -15,20 +15,21 @@ import (
 
 // PreloadSettings preloads the configuration to check if we need to run install
 func PreloadSettings(ctx context.Context) bool {
-	setting.LoadAllowEmpty()
+	setting.InitProviderAllowEmpty()
+	setting.LoadCommonSettings()
 	if !setting.InstallLock {
 		log.Info("AppPath: %s", setting.AppPath)
 		log.Info("AppWorkPath: %s", setting.AppWorkPath)
 		log.Info("Custom path: %s", setting.CustomPath)
-		log.Info("Log path: %s", setting.LogRootPath)
+		log.Info("Log path: %s", setting.Log.RootPath)
 		log.Info("Configuration file: %s", setting.CustomConf)
 		log.Info("Prepare to run install page")
 		translation.InitLocales(ctx)
 		if setting.EnableSQLite3 {
 			log.Info("SQLite3 is supported")
 		}
-		setting.InitDBConfig()
-		setting.NewServicesForInstall()
+
+		setting.LoadSettingsForInstall()
 		svg.Init()
 	}
 
@@ -37,8 +38,9 @@ func PreloadSettings(ctx context.Context) bool {
 
 // reloadSettings reloads the existing settings and starts up the database
 func reloadSettings(ctx context.Context) {
-	setting.LoadFromExisting()
-	setting.InitDBConfig()
+	setting.InitProviderFromExistingFile()
+	setting.LoadCommonSettings()
+	setting.LoadDBSetting()
 	if setting.InstallLock {
 		if err := common.InitDBEngine(ctx); err == nil {
 			log.Info("ORM engine initialization successful!")
diff --git a/routers/private/manager.go b/routers/private/manager.go
index f15da298d6..a56fe9d123 100644
--- a/routers/private/manager.go
+++ b/routers/private/manager.go
@@ -116,11 +116,11 @@ func AddLogger(ctx *context.PrivateContext) {
 	}
 
 	if _, ok := opts.Config["level"]; !ok {
-		opts.Config["level"] = setting.LogLevel
+		opts.Config["level"] = setting.Log.Level
 	}
 
 	if _, ok := opts.Config["stacktraceLevel"]; !ok {
-		opts.Config["stacktraceLevel"] = setting.StacktraceLogLevel
+		opts.Config["stacktraceLevel"] = setting.Log.StacktraceLogLevel
 	}
 
 	if opts.Mode == "file" {
@@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ func AddLogger(ctx *context.PrivateContext) {
 		}
 	}
 
-	bufferLen := setting.Cfg.Section("log").Key("BUFFER_LEN").MustInt64(10000)
+	bufferLen := setting.Log.BufferLength
 	byteConfig, err := json.Marshal(opts.Config)
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Error("Failed to marshal log configuration: %v %v", opts.Config, err)
diff --git a/routers/private/ssh_log.go b/routers/private/ssh_log.go
index 54604ad554..eacfa18f05 100644
--- a/routers/private/ssh_log.go
+++ b/routers/private/ssh_log.go
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ import (
 
 // SSHLog hook to response ssh log
 func SSHLog(ctx *context.PrivateContext) {
-	if !setting.EnableSSHLog {
+	if !setting.Log.EnableSSHLog {
 		ctx.Status(http.StatusOK)
 		return
 	}
diff --git a/routers/web/admin/config.go b/routers/web/admin/config.go
index 73ce4cb990..2566cbe42b 100644
--- a/routers/web/admin/config.go
+++ b/routers/web/admin/config.go
@@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ func Config(ctx *context.Context) {
 	ctx.Data["AppUrl"] = setting.AppURL
 	ctx.Data["Domain"] = setting.Domain
 	ctx.Data["OfflineMode"] = setting.OfflineMode
-	ctx.Data["DisableRouterLog"] = setting.DisableRouterLog
+	ctx.Data["DisableRouterLog"] = setting.Log.DisableRouterLog
 	ctx.Data["RunUser"] = setting.RunUser
 	ctx.Data["RunMode"] = util.ToTitleCase(setting.RunMode)
 	ctx.Data["GitVersion"] = git.VersionInfo()
@@ -125,7 +125,7 @@ func Config(ctx *context.Context) {
 	ctx.Data["RepoRootPath"] = setting.RepoRootPath
 	ctx.Data["CustomRootPath"] = setting.CustomPath
 	ctx.Data["StaticRootPath"] = setting.StaticRootPath
-	ctx.Data["LogRootPath"] = setting.LogRootPath
+	ctx.Data["LogRootPath"] = setting.Log.RootPath
 	ctx.Data["ScriptType"] = setting.ScriptType
 	ctx.Data["ReverseProxyAuthUser"] = setting.ReverseProxyAuthUser
 	ctx.Data["ReverseProxyAuthEmail"] = setting.ReverseProxyAuthEmail
@@ -183,10 +183,10 @@ func Config(ctx *context.Context) {
 
 	ctx.Data["EnvVars"] = envVars
 	ctx.Data["Loggers"] = setting.GetLogDescriptions()
-	ctx.Data["EnableAccessLog"] = setting.EnableAccessLog
-	ctx.Data["AccessLogTemplate"] = setting.AccessLogTemplate
-	ctx.Data["DisableRouterLog"] = setting.DisableRouterLog
-	ctx.Data["EnableXORMLog"] = setting.EnableXORMLog
+	ctx.Data["EnableAccessLog"] = setting.Log.EnableAccessLog
+	ctx.Data["AccessLogTemplate"] = setting.Log.AccessLogTemplate
+	ctx.Data["DisableRouterLog"] = setting.Log.DisableRouterLog
+	ctx.Data["EnableXORMLog"] = setting.Log.EnableXORMLog
 	ctx.Data["LogSQL"] = setting.Database.LogSQL
 
 	ctx.HTML(http.StatusOK, tplConfig)
diff --git a/services/webhook/main_test.go b/services/webhook/main_test.go
index 6cf9410735..210221b120 100644
--- a/services/webhook/main_test.go
+++ b/services/webhook/main_test.go
@@ -15,8 +15,8 @@ import (
 )
 
 func TestMain(m *testing.M) {
-	setting.LoadForTest()
-	setting.NewQueueService()
+	setting.InitProviderAndLoadCommonSettingsForTest()
+	setting.LoadQueueSettings()
 
 	// for tests, allow only loopback IPs
 	setting.Webhook.AllowedHostList = hostmatcher.MatchBuiltinLoopback
diff --git a/tests/integration/integration_test.go b/tests/integration/integration_test.go
index fbb6322785..716f6d44ab 100644
--- a/tests/integration/integration_test.go
+++ b/tests/integration/integration_test.go
@@ -87,8 +87,8 @@ func TestMain(m *testing.M) {
 	c = routers.NormalRoutes(context.TODO())
 
 	// integration test settings...
-	if setting.Cfg != nil {
-		testingCfg := setting.Cfg.Section("integration-tests")
+	if setting.CfgProvider != nil {
+		testingCfg := setting.CfgProvider.Section("integration-tests")
 		tests.SlowTest = testingCfg.Key("SLOW_TEST").MustDuration(tests.SlowTest)
 		tests.SlowFlush = testingCfg.Key("SLOW_FLUSH").MustDuration(tests.SlowFlush)
 	}
diff --git a/tests/integration/migration-test/migration_test.go b/tests/integration/migration-test/migration_test.go
index 170a6dd444..f030f566ce 100644
--- a/tests/integration/migration-test/migration_test.go
+++ b/tests/integration/migration-test/migration_test.go
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ func initMigrationTest(t *testing.T) func() {
 		setting.CustomConf = giteaConf
 	}
 
-	setting.LoadForTest()
+	setting.InitProviderAndLoadCommonSettingsForTest()
 
 	assert.True(t, len(setting.RepoRootPath) != 0)
 	assert.NoError(t, util.RemoveAll(setting.RepoRootPath))
@@ -83,8 +83,8 @@ func initMigrationTest(t *testing.T) func() {
 	}
 
 	assert.NoError(t, git.InitFull(context.Background()))
-	setting.InitDBConfig()
-	setting.NewLogServices(true)
+	setting.LoadDBSetting()
+	setting.InitLogs(true)
 	return deferFn
 }
 
@@ -292,7 +292,7 @@ func doMigrationTest(t *testing.T, version string) {
 		return
 	}
 
-	setting.NewXORMLogService(false)
+	setting.InitSQLLog(false)
 
 	err := db.InitEngineWithMigration(context.Background(), wrappedMigrate)
 	assert.NoError(t, err)
diff --git a/tests/test_utils.go b/tests/test_utils.go
index 721edc86f8..9e9f97a5f5 100644
--- a/tests/test_utils.go
+++ b/tests/test_utils.go
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ func InitTest(requireGitea bool) {
 	}
 
 	setting.SetCustomPathAndConf("", "", "")
-	setting.LoadForTest()
+	setting.InitProviderAndLoadCommonSettingsForTest()
 	setting.Repository.DefaultBranch = "master" // many test code still assume that default branch is called "master"
 	_ = util.RemoveAll(repo_module.LocalCopyPath())
 
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ func InitTest(requireGitea bool) {
 		log.Fatal("git.InitOnceWithSync: %v", err)
 	}
 
-	setting.InitDBConfig()
+	setting.LoadDBSetting()
 	if err := storage.Init(); err != nil {
 		fmt.Printf("Init storage failed: %v", err)
 		os.Exit(1)
author	Lunny Xiao <xiaolunwen@gmail.com>	2023-02-20 00:12:01 +0800
committer	GitHub <noreply@github.com>	2023-02-20 00:12:01 +0800
commit	c53ad052d8bd040ecd269d9757ce9885396a04af (patch)
tree	7142da12dc9511445c76d3bf5616f1c220441a84
parent	2b02343e218755c36c6a45da8a53c06dfff843a1 (diff)
download	gitea-c53ad052d8bd040ecd269d9757ce9885396a04af.tar.gz gitea-c53ad052d8bd040ecd269d9757ce9885396a04af.zip