chore(actions): support cron schedule task (#26655)

Replace #22751 

1. only support the default branch in the repository setting.
2. autoload schedule data from the schedule table after starting the
service.
3. support specific syntax like `@yearly`, `@monthly`, `@weekly`,
`@daily`, `@hourly`

## How to use

See the [GitHub Actions
document](https://docs.github.com/en/actions/using-workflows/events-that-trigger-workflows#schedule)
for getting more detailed information.

```yaml
on:
  schedule:
    - cron: '30 5 * * 1,3'
    - cron: '30 5 * * 2,4'

jobs:
  test_schedule:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - name: Not on Monday or Wednesday
        if: github.event.schedule != '30 5 * * 1,3'
        run: echo "This step will be skipped on Monday and Wednesday"
      - name: Every time
        run: echo "This step will always run"
```

Signed-off-by: Bo-Yi.Wu <appleboy.tw@gmail.com>

---------


Co-authored-by: Jason Song <i@wolfogre.com>
Co-authored-by: techknowlogick <techknowlogick@gitea.io>
Co-authored-by: wxiaoguang <wxiaoguang@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Lunny Xiao <xiaolunwen@gmail.com>

13 files changed, 693 insertions, 9 deletions

diff --git a/go.mod b/go.mod
index 968c0663e0..1996d29a84 100644
--- a/go.mod
+++ b/go.mod
@@ -90,6 +90,7 @@ require (
 	github.com/prometheus/client_golang v1.16.0
 	github.com/quasoft/websspi v1.1.2
 	github.com/redis/go-redis/v9 v9.0.5
+	github.com/robfig/cron/v3 v3.0.1
 	github.com/santhosh-tekuri/jsonschema/v5 v5.3.1
 	github.com/sassoftware/go-rpmutils v0.2.0
 	github.com/sergi/go-diff v1.3.1
@@ -254,7 +255,6 @@ require (
 	github.com/rhysd/actionlint v1.6.25 // indirect
 	github.com/rivo/uniseg v0.4.4 // indirect
 	github.com/robfig/cron v1.2.0 // indirect
-	github.com/robfig/cron/v3 v3.0.1 // indirect
 	github.com/rogpeppe/go-internal v1.11.0 // indirect
 	github.com/rs/xid v1.5.0 // indirect
 	github.com/russross/blackfriday/v2 v2.1.0 // indirect
diff --git a/models/actions/schedule.go b/models/actions/schedule.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b0bc40dadc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/models/actions/schedule.go
@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+// Copyright 2023 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package actions
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"time"
+
+	"code.gitea.io/gitea/models/db"
+	repo_model "code.gitea.io/gitea/models/repo"
+	user_model "code.gitea.io/gitea/models/user"
+	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/timeutil"
+	webhook_module "code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/webhook"
+
+	"github.com/robfig/cron/v3"
+)
+
+// ActionSchedule represents a schedule of a workflow file
+type ActionSchedule struct {
+	ID            int64
+	Title         string
+	Specs         []string
+	RepoID        int64                  `xorm:"index"`
+	Repo          *repo_model.Repository `xorm:"-"`
+	OwnerID       int64                  `xorm:"index"`
+	WorkflowID    string
+	TriggerUserID int64
+	TriggerUser   *user_model.User `xorm:"-"`
+	Ref           string
+	CommitSHA     string
+	Event         webhook_module.HookEventType
+	EventPayload  string `xorm:"LONGTEXT"`
+	Content       []byte
+	Created       timeutil.TimeStamp `xorm:"created"`
+	Updated       timeutil.TimeStamp `xorm:"updated"`
+}
+
+func init() {
+	db.RegisterModel(new(ActionSchedule))
+}
+
+// GetSchedulesMapByIDs returns the schedules by given id slice.
+func GetSchedulesMapByIDs(ids []int64) (map[int64]*ActionSchedule, error) {
+	schedules := make(map[int64]*ActionSchedule, len(ids))
+	return schedules, db.GetEngine(db.DefaultContext).In("id", ids).Find(&schedules)
+}
+
+// GetReposMapByIDs returns the repos by given id slice.
+func GetReposMapByIDs(ids []int64) (map[int64]*repo_model.Repository, error) {
+	repos := make(map[int64]*repo_model.Repository, len(ids))
+	return repos, db.GetEngine(db.DefaultContext).In("id", ids).Find(&repos)
+}
+
+var cronParser = cron.NewParser(cron.Minute | cron.Hour | cron.Dom | cron.Month | cron.Dow | cron.Descriptor)
+
+// CreateScheduleTask creates new schedule task.
+func CreateScheduleTask(ctx context.Context, rows []*ActionSchedule) error {
+	// Return early if there are no rows to insert
+	if len(rows) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	// Begin transaction
+	ctx, committer, err := db.TxContext(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	defer committer.Close()
+
+	// Loop through each schedule row
+	for _, row := range rows {
+		// Create new schedule row
+		if err = db.Insert(ctx, row); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+
+		// Loop through each schedule spec and create a new spec row
+		now := time.Now()
+
+		for _, spec := range row.Specs {
+			// Parse the spec and check for errors
+			schedule, err := cronParser.Parse(spec)
+			if err != nil {
+				continue // skip to the next spec if there's an error
+			}
+
+			// Insert the new schedule spec row
+			if err = db.Insert(ctx, &ActionScheduleSpec{
+				RepoID:     row.RepoID,
+				ScheduleID: row.ID,
+				Spec:       spec,
+				Next:       timeutil.TimeStamp(schedule.Next(now).Unix()),
+			}); err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Commit transaction
+	return committer.Commit()
+}
+
+func DeleteScheduleTaskByRepo(ctx context.Context, id int64) error {
+	ctx, committer, err := db.TxContext(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	defer committer.Close()
+
+	if _, err := db.GetEngine(ctx).Delete(&ActionSchedule{RepoID: id}); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	if _, err := db.GetEngine(ctx).Delete(&ActionScheduleSpec{RepoID: id}); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	return committer.Commit()
+}
diff --git a/models/actions/schedule_list.go b/models/actions/schedule_list.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e873c05ec3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/models/actions/schedule_list.go
@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+// Copyright 2023 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package actions
+
+import (
+	"context"
+
+	"code.gitea.io/gitea/models/db"
+	repo_model "code.gitea.io/gitea/models/repo"
+	user_model "code.gitea.io/gitea/models/user"
+	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/container"
+
+	"xorm.io/builder"
+)
+
+type ScheduleList []*ActionSchedule
+
+// GetUserIDs returns a slice of user's id
+func (schedules ScheduleList) GetUserIDs() []int64 {
+	ids := make(container.Set[int64], len(schedules))
+	for _, schedule := range schedules {
+		ids.Add(schedule.TriggerUserID)
+	}
+	return ids.Values()
+}
+
+func (schedules ScheduleList) GetRepoIDs() []int64 {
+	ids := make(container.Set[int64], len(schedules))
+	for _, schedule := range schedules {
+		ids.Add(schedule.RepoID)
+	}
+	return ids.Values()
+}
+
+func (schedules ScheduleList) LoadTriggerUser(ctx context.Context) error {
+	userIDs := schedules.GetUserIDs()
+	users := make(map[int64]*user_model.User, len(userIDs))
+	if err := db.GetEngine(ctx).In("id", userIDs).Find(&users); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	for _, schedule := range schedules {
+		if schedule.TriggerUserID == user_model.ActionsUserID {
+			schedule.TriggerUser = user_model.NewActionsUser()
+		} else {
+			schedule.TriggerUser = users[schedule.TriggerUserID]
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (schedules ScheduleList) LoadRepos() error {
+	repoIDs := schedules.GetRepoIDs()
+	repos, err := repo_model.GetRepositoriesMapByIDs(repoIDs)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	for _, schedule := range schedules {
+		schedule.Repo = repos[schedule.RepoID]
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+type FindScheduleOptions struct {
+	db.ListOptions
+	RepoID  int64
+	OwnerID int64
+}
+
+func (opts FindScheduleOptions) toConds() builder.Cond {
+	cond := builder.NewCond()
+	if opts.RepoID > 0 {
+		cond = cond.And(builder.Eq{"repo_id": opts.RepoID})
+	}
+	if opts.OwnerID > 0 {
+		cond = cond.And(builder.Eq{"owner_id": opts.OwnerID})
+	}
+
+	return cond
+}
+
+func FindSchedules(ctx context.Context, opts FindScheduleOptions) (ScheduleList, int64, error) {
+	e := db.GetEngine(ctx).Where(opts.toConds())
+	if !opts.ListAll && opts.PageSize > 0 && opts.Page >= 1 {
+		e.Limit(opts.PageSize, (opts.Page-1)*opts.PageSize)
+	}
+	var schedules ScheduleList
+	total, err := e.Desc("id").FindAndCount(&schedules)
+	return schedules, total, err
+}
+
+func CountSchedules(ctx context.Context, opts FindScheduleOptions) (int64, error) {
+	return db.GetEngine(ctx).Where(opts.toConds()).Count(new(ActionSchedule))
+}
diff --git a/models/actions/schedule_spec.go b/models/actions/schedule_spec.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..91240459a0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/models/actions/schedule_spec.go
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+// Copyright 2023 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package actions
+
+import (
+	"context"
+
+	"code.gitea.io/gitea/models/db"
+	repo_model "code.gitea.io/gitea/models/repo"
+	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/timeutil"
+
+	"github.com/robfig/cron/v3"
+)
+
+// ActionScheduleSpec represents a schedule spec of a workflow file
+type ActionScheduleSpec struct {
+	ID         int64
+	RepoID     int64                  `xorm:"index"`
+	Repo       *repo_model.Repository `xorm:"-"`
+	ScheduleID int64                  `xorm:"index"`
+	Schedule   *ActionSchedule        `xorm:"-"`
+
+	// Next time the job will run, or the zero time if Cron has not been
+	// started or this entry's schedule is unsatisfiable
+	Next timeutil.TimeStamp `xorm:"index"`
+	// Prev is the last time this job was run, or the zero time if never.
+	Prev timeutil.TimeStamp
+	Spec string
+
+	Created timeutil.TimeStamp `xorm:"created"`
+	Updated timeutil.TimeStamp `xorm:"updated"`
+}
+
+func (s *ActionScheduleSpec) Parse() (cron.Schedule, error) {
+	return cronParser.Parse(s.Spec)
+}
+
+func init() {
+	db.RegisterModel(new(ActionScheduleSpec))
+}
+
+func UpdateScheduleSpec(ctx context.Context, spec *ActionScheduleSpec, cols ...string) error {
+	sess := db.GetEngine(ctx).ID(spec.ID)
+	if len(cols) > 0 {
+		sess.Cols(cols...)
+	}
+	_, err := sess.Update(spec)
+	return err
+}
diff --git a/models/actions/schedule_spec_list.go b/models/actions/schedule_spec_list.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d379490b4e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/models/actions/schedule_spec_list.go
@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+// Copyright 2023 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package actions
+
+import (
+	"context"
+
+	"code.gitea.io/gitea/models/db"
+	repo_model "code.gitea.io/gitea/models/repo"
+	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/container"
+
+	"xorm.io/builder"
+)
+
+type SpecList []*ActionScheduleSpec
+
+func (specs SpecList) GetScheduleIDs() []int64 {
+	ids := make(container.Set[int64], len(specs))
+	for _, spec := range specs {
+		ids.Add(spec.ScheduleID)
+	}
+	return ids.Values()
+}
+
+func (specs SpecList) LoadSchedules() error {
+	scheduleIDs := specs.GetScheduleIDs()
+	schedules, err := GetSchedulesMapByIDs(scheduleIDs)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	for _, spec := range specs {
+		spec.Schedule = schedules[spec.ScheduleID]
+	}
+
+	repoIDs := specs.GetRepoIDs()
+	repos, err := GetReposMapByIDs(repoIDs)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	for _, spec := range specs {
+		spec.Repo = repos[spec.RepoID]
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (specs SpecList) GetRepoIDs() []int64 {
+	ids := make(container.Set[int64], len(specs))
+	for _, spec := range specs {
+		ids.Add(spec.RepoID)
+	}
+	return ids.Values()
+}
+
+func (specs SpecList) LoadRepos() error {
+	repoIDs := specs.GetRepoIDs()
+	repos, err := repo_model.GetRepositoriesMapByIDs(repoIDs)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	for _, spec := range specs {
+		spec.Repo = repos[spec.RepoID]
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+type FindSpecOptions struct {
+	db.ListOptions
+	RepoID int64
+	Next   int64
+}
+
+func (opts FindSpecOptions) toConds() builder.Cond {
+	cond := builder.NewCond()
+	if opts.RepoID > 0 {
+		cond = cond.And(builder.Eq{"repo_id": opts.RepoID})
+	}
+
+	if opts.Next > 0 {
+		cond = cond.And(builder.Lte{"next": opts.Next})
+	}
+
+	return cond
+}
+
+func FindSpecs(ctx context.Context, opts FindSpecOptions) (SpecList, int64, error) {
+	e := db.GetEngine(ctx).Where(opts.toConds())
+	if opts.PageSize > 0 && opts.Page >= 1 {
+		e.Limit(opts.PageSize, (opts.Page-1)*opts.PageSize)
+	}
+	var specs SpecList
+	total, err := e.Desc("id").FindAndCount(&specs)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, 0, err
+	}
+
+	if err := specs.LoadSchedules(); err != nil {
+		return nil, 0, err
+	}
+	return specs, total, nil
+}
+
+func CountSpecs(ctx context.Context, opts FindSpecOptions) (int64, error) {
+	return db.GetEngine(ctx).Where(opts.toConds()).Count(new(ActionScheduleSpec))
+}
diff --git a/models/migrations/migrations.go b/models/migrations/migrations.go
index 87c597b573..9f4acda236 100644
--- a/models/migrations/migrations.go
+++ b/models/migrations/migrations.go
@@ -526,6 +526,8 @@ var migrations = []Migration{
 	NewMigration("Allow archiving labels", v1_21.AddArchivedUnixColumInLabelTable),
 	// v272 -> v273
 	NewMigration("Add Version to ActionRun table", v1_21.AddVersionToActionRunTable),
+	// v273 -> v274
+	NewMigration("Add Action Schedule Table", v1_21.AddActionScheduleTable),
 }
 
 // GetCurrentDBVersion returns the current db version
diff --git a/models/migrations/v1_21/v273.go b/models/migrations/v1_21/v273.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..61c79f4a76
--- /dev/null
+++ b/models/migrations/v1_21/v273.go
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+// Copyright 2023 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package v1_21 //nolint
+import (
+	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/timeutil"
+
+	"xorm.io/xorm"
+)
+
+func AddActionScheduleTable(x *xorm.Engine) error {
+	type ActionSchedule struct {
+		ID            int64
+		Title         string
+		Specs         []string
+		RepoID        int64 `xorm:"index"`
+		OwnerID       int64 `xorm:"index"`
+		WorkflowID    string
+		TriggerUserID int64
+		Ref           string
+		CommitSHA     string
+		Event         string
+		EventPayload  string `xorm:"LONGTEXT"`
+		Content       []byte
+		Created       timeutil.TimeStamp `xorm:"created"`
+		Updated       timeutil.TimeStamp `xorm:"updated"`
+	}
+
+	type ActionScheduleSpec struct {
+		ID         int64
+		RepoID     int64 `xorm:"index"`
+		ScheduleID int64 `xorm:"index"`
+		Spec       string
+		Next       timeutil.TimeStamp `xorm:"index"`
+		Prev       timeutil.TimeStamp
+
+		Created timeutil.TimeStamp `xorm:"created"`
+		Updated timeutil.TimeStamp `xorm:"updated"`
+	}
+
+	return x.Sync(
+		new(ActionSchedule),
+		new(ActionScheduleSpec),
+	)
+}
diff --git a/models/repo.go b/models/repo.go
index 7579d2ad73..74a88d4c48 100644
--- a/models/repo.go
+++ b/models/repo.go
@@ -170,6 +170,8 @@ func DeleteRepository(doer *user_model.User, uid, repoID int64) error {
 		&actions_model.ActionRunJob{RepoID: repoID},
 		&actions_model.ActionRun{RepoID: repoID},
 		&actions_model.ActionRunner{RepoID: repoID},
+		&actions_model.ActionScheduleSpec{RepoID: repoID},
+		&actions_model.ActionSchedule{RepoID: repoID},
 		&actions_model.ActionArtifact{RepoID: repoID},
 	); err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("deleteBeans: %w", err)
diff --git a/modules/actions/workflows.go b/modules/actions/workflows.go
index de340a74ec..408fdb8f8e 100644
--- a/modules/actions/workflows.go
+++ b/modules/actions/workflows.go
@@ -95,18 +95,25 @@ func GetEventsFromContent(content []byte) ([]*jobparser.Event, error) {
 	return events, nil
 }
 
-func DetectWorkflows(gitRepo *git.Repository, commit *git.Commit, triggedEvent webhook_module.HookEventType, payload api.Payloader) ([]*DetectedWorkflow, error) {
+func DetectWorkflows(
+	gitRepo *git.Repository,
+	commit *git.Commit,
+	triggedEvent webhook_module.HookEventType,
+	payload api.Payloader,
+) ([]*DetectedWorkflow, []*DetectedWorkflow, error) {
 	entries, err := ListWorkflows(commit)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
+		return nil, nil, err
 	}
 
 	workflows := make([]*DetectedWorkflow, 0, len(entries))
+	schedules := make([]*DetectedWorkflow, 0, len(entries))
 	for _, entry := range entries {
 		content, err := GetContentFromEntry(entry)
 		if err != nil {
-			return nil, err
+			return nil, nil, err
 		}
+
 		events, err := GetEventsFromContent(content)
 		if err != nil {
 			log.Warn("ignore invalid workflow %q: %v", entry.Name(), err)
@@ -114,6 +121,14 @@ func DetectWorkflows(gitRepo *git.Repository, commit *git.Commit, triggedEvent w
 		}
 		for _, evt := range events {
 			log.Trace("detect workflow %q for event %#v matching %q", entry.Name(), evt, triggedEvent)
+			if evt.IsSchedule() {
+				dwf := &DetectedWorkflow{
+					EntryName:    entry.Name(),
+					TriggerEvent: evt.Name,
+					Content:      content,
+				}
+				schedules = append(schedules, dwf)
+			}
 			if detectMatched(gitRepo, commit, triggedEvent, payload, evt) {
 				dwf := &DetectedWorkflow{
 					EntryName:    entry.Name(),
@@ -125,7 +140,7 @@ func DetectWorkflows(gitRepo *git.Repository, commit *git.Commit, triggedEvent w
 		}
 	}
 
-	return workflows, nil
+	return workflows, schedules, nil
 }
 
 func detectMatched(gitRepo *git.Repository, commit *git.Commit, triggedEvent webhook_module.HookEventType, payload api.Payloader, evt *jobparser.Event) bool {
diff --git a/options/locale/locale_en-US.ini b/options/locale/locale_en-US.ini
index 587a2b14bc..f08d2b7eae 100644
--- a/options/locale/locale_en-US.ini
+++ b/options/locale/locale_en-US.ini
@@ -2756,6 +2756,7 @@ dashboard.gc_lfs = Garbage collect LFS meta objects
 dashboard.stop_zombie_tasks = Stop zombie tasks
 dashboard.stop_endless_tasks = Stop endless tasks
 dashboard.cancel_abandoned_jobs = Cancel abandoned jobs
+dashboard.start_schedule_tasks = Start schedule tasks
 dashboard.sync_branch.started = Branches Sync started
 dashboard.rebuild_issue_indexer = Rebuild issue indexer
 
diff --git a/services/actions/notifier_helper.go b/services/actions/notifier_helper.go
index 75c99ff19c..ff00e48c64 100644
--- a/services/actions/notifier_helper.go
+++ b/services/actions/notifier_helper.go
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 package actions
 
 import (
+	"bytes"
 	"context"
 	"fmt"
 	"strings"
@@ -24,6 +25,7 @@ import (
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/services/convert"
 
 	"github.com/nektos/act/pkg/jobparser"
+	"github.com/nektos/act/pkg/model"
 )
 
 var methodCtxKey struct{}
@@ -143,15 +145,15 @@ func notify(ctx context.Context, input *notifyInput) error {
 	}
 
 	var detectedWorkflows []*actions_module.DetectedWorkflow
-	workflows, err := actions_module.DetectWorkflows(gitRepo, commit, input.Event, input.Payload)
+	actionsConfig := input.Repo.MustGetUnit(ctx, unit_model.TypeActions).ActionsConfig()
+	workflows, schedules, err := actions_module.DetectWorkflows(gitRepo, commit, input.Event, input.Payload)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("DetectWorkflows: %w", err)
 	}
+
 	if len(workflows) == 0 {
 		log.Trace("repo %s with commit %s couldn't find workflows", input.Repo.RepoPath(), commit.ID)
 	} else {
-		actionsConfig := input.Repo.MustGetUnit(ctx, unit_model.TypeActions).ActionsConfig()
-
 		for _, wf := range workflows {
 			if actionsConfig.IsWorkflowDisabled(wf.EntryName) {
 				log.Trace("repo %s has disable workflows %s", input.Repo.RepoPath(), wf.EntryName)
@@ -171,7 +173,7 @@ func notify(ctx context.Context, input *notifyInput) error {
 		if err != nil {
 			return fmt.Errorf("gitRepo.GetCommit: %w", err)
 		}
-		baseWorkflows, err := actions_module.DetectWorkflows(gitRepo, baseCommit, input.Event, input.Payload)
+		baseWorkflows, _, err := actions_module.DetectWorkflows(gitRepo, baseCommit, input.Event, input.Payload)
 		if err != nil {
 			return fmt.Errorf("DetectWorkflows: %w", err)
 		}
@@ -186,7 +188,22 @@ func notify(ctx context.Context, input *notifyInput) error {
 		}
 	}
 
+	if err := handleSchedules(ctx, schedules, commit, input); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	return handleWorkflows(ctx, detectedWorkflows, commit, input, ref)
+}
+
+func handleWorkflows(
+	ctx context.Context,
+	detectedWorkflows []*actions_module.DetectedWorkflow,
+	commit *git.Commit,
+	input *notifyInput,
+	ref string,
+) error {
 	if len(detectedWorkflows) == 0 {
+		log.Trace("repo %s with commit %s couldn't find workflows", input.Repo.RepoPath(), commit.ID)
 		return nil
 	}
 
@@ -350,3 +367,86 @@ func ifNeedApproval(ctx context.Context, run *actions_model.ActionRun, repo *rep
 	log.Trace("need approval because it's the first time user %d triggered actions", user.ID)
 	return true, nil
 }
+
+func handleSchedules(
+	ctx context.Context,
+	detectedWorkflows []*actions_module.DetectedWorkflow,
+	commit *git.Commit,
+	input *notifyInput,
+) error {
+	if len(detectedWorkflows) == 0 {
+		log.Trace("repo %s with commit %s couldn't find schedules", input.Repo.RepoPath(), commit.ID)
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	branch, err := commit.GetBranchName()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if branch != input.Repo.DefaultBranch {
+		log.Trace("commit branch is not default branch in repo")
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	rows, _, err := actions_model.FindSchedules(ctx, actions_model.FindScheduleOptions{RepoID: input.Repo.ID})
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Error("FindCrons: %v", err)
+		return err
+	}
+
+	if len(rows) > 0 {
+		if err := actions_model.DeleteScheduleTaskByRepo(ctx, input.Repo.ID); err != nil {
+			log.Error("DeleteCronTaskByRepo: %v", err)
+		}
+	}
+
+	p, err := json.Marshal(input.Payload)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("json.Marshal: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	crons := make([]*actions_model.ActionSchedule, 0, len(detectedWorkflows))
+	for _, dwf := range detectedWorkflows {
+		// Check cron job condition. Only working in default branch
+		workflow, err := model.ReadWorkflow(bytes.NewReader(dwf.Content))
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Error("ReadWorkflow: %v", err)
+			continue
+		}
+		schedules := workflow.OnSchedule()
+		if len(schedules) == 0 {
+			log.Warn("no schedule event")
+			continue
+		}
+
+		run := &actions_model.ActionSchedule{
+			Title:         strings.SplitN(commit.CommitMessage, "\n", 2)[0],
+			RepoID:        input.Repo.ID,
+			OwnerID:       input.Repo.OwnerID,
+			WorkflowID:    dwf.EntryName,
+			TriggerUserID: input.Doer.ID,
+			Ref:           input.Ref,
+			CommitSHA:     commit.ID.String(),
+			Event:         input.Event,
+			EventPayload:  string(p),
+			Specs:         schedules,
+			Content:       dwf.Content,
+		}
+
+		// cancel running jobs if the event is push
+		if run.Event == webhook_module.HookEventPush {
+			// cancel running jobs of the same workflow
+			if err := actions_model.CancelRunningJobs(
+				ctx,
+				run.RepoID,
+				run.Ref,
+				run.WorkflowID,
+			); err != nil {
+				log.Error("CancelRunningJobs: %v", err)
+			}
+		}
+		crons = append(crons, run)
+	}
+
+	return actions_model.CreateScheduleTask(ctx, crons)
+}
diff --git a/services/actions/schedule_tasks.go b/services/actions/schedule_tasks.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..87131e0aab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/actions/schedule_tasks.go
@@ -0,0 +1,135 @@
+// Copyright 2023 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package actions
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"time"
+
+	actions_model "code.gitea.io/gitea/models/actions"
+	"code.gitea.io/gitea/models/db"
+	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/log"
+	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/timeutil"
+	webhook_module "code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/webhook"
+
+	"github.com/nektos/act/pkg/jobparser"
+)
+
+// StartScheduleTasks start the task
+func StartScheduleTasks(ctx context.Context) error {
+	return startTasks(ctx)
+}
+
+// startTasks retrieves specifications in pages, creates a schedule task for each specification,
+// and updates the specification's next run time and previous run time.
+// The function returns an error if there's an issue with finding or updating the specifications.
+func startTasks(ctx context.Context) error {
+	// Set the page size
+	pageSize := 50
+
+	// Retrieve specs in pages until all specs have been retrieved
+	now := time.Now()
+	for page := 1; ; page++ {
+		// Retrieve the specs for the current page
+		specs, _, err := actions_model.FindSpecs(ctx, actions_model.FindSpecOptions{
+			ListOptions: db.ListOptions{
+				Page:     page,
+				PageSize: pageSize,
+			},
+			Next: now.Unix(),
+		})
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("find specs: %w", err)
+		}
+
+		// Loop through each spec and create a schedule task for it
+		for _, row := range specs {
+			// cancel running jobs if the event is push
+			if row.Schedule.Event == webhook_module.HookEventPush {
+				// cancel running jobs of the same workflow
+				if err := actions_model.CancelRunningJobs(
+					ctx,
+					row.RepoID,
+					row.Schedule.Ref,
+					row.Schedule.WorkflowID,
+				); err != nil {
+					log.Error("CancelRunningJobs: %v", err)
+				}
+			}
+
+			if err := CreateScheduleTask(ctx, row.Schedule); err != nil {
+				log.Error("CreateScheduleTask: %v", err)
+				return err
+			}
+
+			// Parse the spec
+			schedule, err := row.Parse()
+			if err != nil {
+				log.Error("Parse: %v", err)
+				return err
+			}
+
+			// Update the spec's next run time and previous run time
+			row.Prev = row.Next
+			row.Next = timeutil.TimeStamp(schedule.Next(now.Add(1 * time.Minute)).Unix())
+			if err := actions_model.UpdateScheduleSpec(ctx, row, "prev", "next"); err != nil {
+				log.Error("UpdateScheduleSpec: %v", err)
+				return err
+			}
+		}
+
+		// Stop if all specs have been retrieved
+		if len(specs) < pageSize {
+			break
+		}
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// CreateScheduleTask creates a scheduled task from a cron action schedule.
+// It creates an action run based on the schedule, inserts it into the database, and creates commit statuses for each job.
+func CreateScheduleTask(ctx context.Context, cron *actions_model.ActionSchedule) error {
+	// Create a new action run based on the schedule
+	run := &actions_model.ActionRun{
+		Title:         cron.Title,
+		RepoID:        cron.RepoID,
+		OwnerID:       cron.OwnerID,
+		WorkflowID:    cron.WorkflowID,
+		TriggerUserID: cron.TriggerUserID,
+		Ref:           cron.Ref,
+		CommitSHA:     cron.CommitSHA,
+		Event:         cron.Event,
+		EventPayload:  cron.EventPayload,
+		Status:        actions_model.StatusWaiting,
+	}
+
+	// Parse the workflow specification from the cron schedule
+	workflows, err := jobparser.Parse(cron.Content)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	// Insert the action run and its associated jobs into the database
+	if err := actions_model.InsertRun(ctx, run, workflows); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	// Retrieve the jobs for the newly created action run
+	jobs, _, err := actions_model.FindRunJobs(ctx, actions_model.FindRunJobOptions{RunID: run.ID})
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	// Create commit statuses for each job
+	for _, job := range jobs {
+		if err := createCommitStatus(ctx, job); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Return nil if no errors occurred
+	return nil
+}
diff --git a/services/cron/tasks_actions.go b/services/cron/tasks_actions.go
index 30e8749a5e..0875792503 100644
--- a/services/cron/tasks_actions.go
+++ b/services/cron/tasks_actions.go
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ func initActionsTasks() {
 	registerStopZombieTasks()
 	registerStopEndlessTasks()
 	registerCancelAbandonedJobs()
+	registerScheduleTasks()
 }
 
 func registerStopZombieTasks() {
@@ -49,3 +50,16 @@ func registerCancelAbandonedJobs() {
 		return actions_service.CancelAbandonedJobs(ctx)
 	})
 }
+
+// registerScheduleTasks registers a scheduled task that runs every minute to start any due schedule tasks.
+func registerScheduleTasks() {
+	// Register the task with a unique name, enabled status, and schedule for every minute.
+	RegisterTaskFatal("start_schedule_tasks", &BaseConfig{
+		Enabled:    true,
+		RunAtStart: false,
+		Schedule:   "@every 1m",
+	}, func(ctx context.Context, _ *user_model.User, cfg Config) error {
+		// Call the function to start schedule tasks and pass the context.
+		return actions_service.StartScheduleTasks(ctx)
+	})
+}