Support scoped access tokens (#20908)

This PR adds the support for scopes of access tokens, mimicking the
design of GitHub OAuth scopes.

The changes of the core logic are in `models/auth` that `AccessToken`
struct will have a `Scope` field. The normalized (no duplication of
scope), comma-separated scope string will be stored in `access_token`
table in the database.
In `services/auth`, the scope will be stored in context, which will be
used by `reqToken` middleware in API calls. Only OAuth2 tokens will have
granular token scopes, while others like BasicAuth will default to scope
`all`.
A large amount of work happens in `routers/api/v1/api.go` and the
corresponding `tests/integration` tests, that is adding necessary scopes
to each of the API calls as they fit.


- [x] Add `Scope` field to `AccessToken`
- [x] Add access control to all API endpoints
- [x] Update frontend & backend for when creating tokens
- [x] Add a database migration for `scope` column (enable 'all' access
to past tokens)

I'm aiming to complete it before Gitea 1.19 release.

Fixes #4300

1 files changed, 22 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/models/migrations/v1_19/v239.go b/models/migrations/v1_19/v239.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..10076f2401
--- /dev/null
+++ b/models/migrations/v1_19/v239.go
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+// Copyright 2022 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package v1_19 //nolint
+
+import (
+	"xorm.io/xorm"
+)
+
+func AddScopeForAccessTokens(x *xorm.Engine) error {
+	type AccessToken struct {
+		Scope string
+	}
+
+	if err := x.Sync(new(AccessToken)); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	// all previous tokens have `all` and `sudo` scopes
+	_, err := x.Exec("UPDATE access_token SET scope = ? WHERE scope IS NULL OR scope = ''", "all,sudo")
+	return err
+}