Refactor internal API for git commands, use meaningful messages instead of "Internal Server Error" (#23687)

# Why this PR comes

At first, I'd like to help users like #23636 (there are a lot)

The unclear "Internal Server Error" is quite anonying, scare users,
frustrate contributors, nobody knows what happens.

So, it's always good to provide meaningful messages to end users (of
course, do not leak sensitive information).

When I started working on the "response message to end users", I found
that the related code has a lot of technical debt. A lot of copy&paste
code, unclear fields and usages.

So I think it's good to make everything clear.

# Tech Backgrounds

Gitea has many sub-commands, some are used by admins, some are used by
SSH servers or Git Hooks. Many sub-commands use "internal API" to
communicate with Gitea web server.

Before, Gitea server always use `StatusCode + Json "err" field` to
return messages.

* The CLI sub-commands: they expect to show all error related messages
to site admin
* The Serv/Hook sub-commands (for git clients): they could only show
safe messages to end users, the error log could only be recorded by
"SSHLog" to Gitea web server.

In the old design, it assumes that:

* If the StatusCode is 500 (in some functions), then the "err" field is
error log, shouldn't be exposed to git client.
* If the StatusCode is 40x, then the "err" field could be exposed. And
some functions always read the "err" no matter what the StatusCode is.

The old code is not strict, and it's difficult to distinguish the
messages clearly and then output them correctly.

# This PR

To help to remove duplicate code and make everything clear, this PR
introduces `ResponseExtra` and `requestJSONResp`.

* `ResponseExtra` is a struct which contains "extra" information of a
internal API response, including StatusCode, UserMsg, Error
* `requestJSONResp` is a generic function which can be used for all
cases to help to simplify the calls.
* Remove all `map["err"]`, always use `private.Response{Err}` to
construct error messages.
* User messages and error messages are separated clearly, the `fail` and
`handleCliResponseExtra` will output correct messages.
* Replace all `Internal Server Error` messages with meaningful (still
safe) messages.

This PR saves more than 300 lines, while makes the git client messages
more clear.

Many gitea-serv/git-hook related essential functions are covered by
tests.

---------

Co-authored-by: delvh <dev.lh@web.de>

1 files changed, 29 insertions, 27 deletions

diff --git a/modules/private/internal.go b/modules/private/internal.go
index a8b62fdde7..9c330a24a8 100644
--- a/modules/private/internal.go
+++ b/modules/private/internal.go
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ import (
 	"net/http"
 	"os"
 	"strings"
+	"time"
 
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/httplib"
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/json"
@@ -19,29 +20,10 @@ import (
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/setting"
 )
 
-func newRequest(ctx context.Context, url, method, sourceIP string) *httplib.Request {
-	if setting.InternalToken == "" {
-		log.Fatal(`The INTERNAL_TOKEN setting is missing from the configuration file: %q.
-Ensure you are running in the correct environment or set the correct configuration file with -c.`, setting.CustomConf)
-	}
-	return httplib.NewRequest(url, method).
-		SetContext(ctx).
-		Header("X-Real-IP", sourceIP).
-		Header("Authorization", fmt.Sprintf("Bearer %s", setting.InternalToken))
-}
-
-// Response internal request response
+// Response is used for internal request response (for user message and error message)
 type Response struct {
-	Err string `json:"err"`
-}
-
-func decodeJSONError(resp *http.Response) *Response {
-	var res Response
-	err := json.NewDecoder(resp.Body).Decode(&res)
-	if err != nil {
-		res.Err = err.Error()
-	}
-	return &res
+	Err     string `json:"err,omitempty"`      // server-side error log message, it won't be exposed to end users
+	UserMsg string `json:"user_msg,omitempty"` // meaningful error message for end users, it will be shown in git client's output.
 }
 
 func getClientIP() string {
@@ -52,11 +34,21 @@ func getClientIP() string {
 	return strings.Fields(sshConnEnv)[0]
 }
 
-func newInternalRequest(ctx context.Context, url, method string) *httplib.Request {
-	req := newRequest(ctx, url, method, getClientIP()).SetTLSClientConfig(&tls.Config{
-		InsecureSkipVerify: true,
-		ServerName:         setting.Domain,
-	})
+func newInternalRequest(ctx context.Context, url, method string, body ...any) *httplib.Request {
+	if setting.InternalToken == "" {
+		log.Fatal(`The INTERNAL_TOKEN setting is missing from the configuration file: %q.
+Ensure you are running in the correct environment or set the correct configuration file with -c.`, setting.CustomConf)
+	}
+
+	req := httplib.NewRequest(url, method).
+		SetContext(ctx).
+		Header("X-Real-IP", getClientIP()).
+		Header("Authorization", fmt.Sprintf("Bearer %s", setting.InternalToken)).
+		SetTLSClientConfig(&tls.Config{
+			InsecureSkipVerify: true,
+			ServerName:         setting.Domain,
+		})
+
 	if setting.Protocol == setting.HTTPUnix {
 		req.SetTransport(&http.Transport{
 			DialContext: func(ctx context.Context, _, _ string) (net.Conn, error) {
@@ -90,5 +82,15 @@ func newInternalRequest(ctx context.Context, url, method string) *httplib.Reques
 			},
 		})
 	}
+
+	if len(body) == 1 {
+		req.Header("Content-Type", "application/json")
+		jsonBytes, _ := json.Marshal(body[0])
+		req.Body(jsonBytes)
+	} else if len(body) > 1 {
+		log.Fatal("Too many arguments for newInternalRequest")
+	}
+
+	req.SetTimeout(10*time.Second, 60*time.Second)
 	return req
 }