Add `DumpVar` helper function to help debugging templates (#24262)

I guess many contributors might agree that it's really difficult to
write Golang template. The dot syntax `.` confuses everyone: what
variable it is ....

So, we can use a `{{DumpVar .ContextUser}}` to look into every variable
now.


![image](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/2114189/233692383-f3c8f24d-4465-45f8-839b-b63e00731559.png)


And it can even dump the whole `ctx.Data` by `{{DumpVar .}}`:

```
dumpVar: templates.Vars
{
  "AllLangs": [
    {
      "Lang": "id-ID",
      "Name": "Bahasa Indonesia"
    },
...
      "Context": "[dumped]",
      "ContextUser": {
        "AllowCreateOrganization": true,
        "AllowGitHook": false,
        "AllowImportLocal": false,
...
  "TemplateLoadTimes": "[func() string]",
  "TemplateName": "user/profile",
  "Title": "Full'\u003cspan\u003e Name",
  "Total": 7,
  "UnitActionsGlobalDisabled": false,
  "UnitIssuesGlobalDisabled": false,
  "UnitProjectsGlobalDisabled": false,
  "UnitPullsGlobalDisabled": false,
  "UnitWikiGlobalDisabled": false,
  "locale": {
    "Lang": "en-US",
    "LangName": "English",
    "Locale": {}
  }
...

---------

Co-authored-by: delvh <dev.lh@web.de>
Co-authored-by: silverwind <me@silverwind.io>

2 files changed, 75 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/modules/templates/helper.go b/modules/templates/helper.go
index 24687a4606..42680827eb 100644
--- a/modules/templates/helper.go
+++ b/modules/templates/helper.go
@@ -74,6 +74,7 @@ func NewFuncMap() []template.FuncMap {
 		"DotEscape":      DotEscape,
 		"HasPrefix":      strings.HasPrefix,
 		"EllipsisString": base.EllipsisString,
+		"DumpVar":        dumpVar,
 
 		"Json": func(in interface{}) string {
 			out, err := json.Marshal(in)
diff --git a/modules/templates/util.go b/modules/templates/util.go
index 13f3a56808..c83f22449c 100644
--- a/modules/templates/util.go
+++ b/modules/templates/util.go
@@ -5,7 +5,12 @@ package templates
 
 import (
 	"fmt"
+	"html"
+	"html/template"
 	"reflect"
+
+	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/json"
+	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/setting"
 )
 
 func dictMerge(base map[string]any, arg any) bool {
@@ -45,3 +50,72 @@ func dict(args ...any) (map[string]any, error) {
 	}
 	return m, nil
 }
+
+func dumpVarMarshalable(v any, dumped map[uintptr]bool) (ret any, ok bool) {
+	if v == nil {
+		return nil, true
+	}
+	e := reflect.ValueOf(v)
+	for e.Kind() == reflect.Pointer {
+		e = e.Elem()
+	}
+	if e.CanAddr() {
+		addr := e.UnsafeAddr()
+		if dumped[addr] {
+			return "[dumped]", false
+		}
+		dumped[addr] = true
+		defer delete(dumped, addr)
+	}
+	switch e.Kind() {
+	case reflect.Bool, reflect.String,
+		reflect.Int, reflect.Int8, reflect.Int16, reflect.Int32, reflect.Int64,
+		reflect.Uint, reflect.Uint8, reflect.Uint16, reflect.Uint32, reflect.Uint64,
+		reflect.Float32, reflect.Float64:
+		return e.Interface(), true
+	case reflect.Struct:
+		m := map[string]any{}
+		for i := 0; i < e.NumField(); i++ {
+			k := e.Type().Field(i).Name
+			if !e.Type().Field(i).IsExported() {
+				continue
+			}
+			v := e.Field(i).Interface()
+			m[k], _ = dumpVarMarshalable(v, dumped)
+		}
+		return m, true
+	case reflect.Map:
+		m := map[string]any{}
+		for _, k := range e.MapKeys() {
+			m[k.String()], _ = dumpVarMarshalable(e.MapIndex(k).Interface(), dumped)
+		}
+		return m, true
+	case reflect.Array, reflect.Slice:
+		var m []any
+		for i := 0; i < e.Len(); i++ {
+			v, _ := dumpVarMarshalable(e.Index(i).Interface(), dumped)
+			m = append(m, v)
+		}
+		return m, true
+	default:
+		return "[" + reflect.TypeOf(v).String() + "]", false
+	}
+}
+
+// dumpVar helps to dump a variable in a template, to help debugging and development.
+func dumpVar(v any) template.HTML {
+	if setting.IsProd {
+		return "<pre>dumpVar: only available in dev mode</pre>"
+	}
+	m, ok := dumpVarMarshalable(v, map[uintptr]bool{})
+	dumpStr := ""
+	jsonBytes, err := json.MarshalIndent(m, "", "  ")
+	if err != nil {
+		dumpStr = fmt.Sprintf("dumpVar: unable to marshal %T: %v", v, err)
+	} else if ok {
+		dumpStr = fmt.Sprintf("dumpVar: %T\n%s", v, string(jsonBytes))
+	} else {
+		dumpStr = fmt.Sprintf("dumpVar: unmarshalable %T\n%s", v, string(jsonBytes))
+	}
+	return template.HTML("<pre>" + html.EscapeString(dumpStr) + "</pre>")
+}