Refactor git command package to improve security and maintainability (#22678)

This PR follows #21535 (and replace #22592)

## Review without space diff

https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/pull/22678/files?diff=split&w=1

## Purpose of this PR

1. Make git module command completely safe (risky user inputs won't be
passed as argument option anymore)
2. Avoid low-level mistakes like
https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/pull/22098#discussion_r1045234918
3. Remove deprecated and dirty `CmdArgCheck` function, hide the `CmdArg`
type
4. Simplify code when using git command

## The main idea of this PR

* Move the `git.CmdArg` to the `internal` package, then no other package
except `git` could use it. Then developers could never do
`AddArguments(git.CmdArg(userInput))` any more.
* Introduce `git.ToTrustedCmdArgs`, it's for user-provided and already
trusted arguments. It's only used in a few cases, for example: use git
arguments from config file, help unit test with some arguments.
* Introduce `AddOptionValues` and `AddOptionFormat`, they make code more
clear and simple:
    * Before: `AddArguments("-m").AddDynamicArguments(message)`
    * After: `AddOptionValues("-m", message)`
    * -
* Before: `AddArguments(git.CmdArg(fmt.Sprintf("--author='%s <%s>'",
sig.Name, sig.Email)))`
* After: `AddOptionFormat("--author='%s <%s>'", sig.Name, sig.Email)`

## FAQ

### Why these changes were not done in #21535 ?

#21535 is mainly a search&replace, it did its best to not change too
much logic.

Making the framework better needs a lot of changes, so this separate PR
is needed as the second step.


### The naming of `AddOptionXxx`

According to git's manual, the `--xxx` part is called `option`.

### How can it guarantee that `internal.CmdArg` won't be not misused?

Go's specification guarantees that. Trying to access other package's
internal package causes compilation error.

And, `golangci-lint` also denies the git/internal package. Only the
`git/command.go` can use it carefully.

### There is still a `ToTrustedCmdArgs`, will it still allow developers
to make mistakes and pass untrusted arguments?

Generally speaking, no. Because when using `ToTrustedCmdArgs`, the code
will be very complex (see the changes for examples). Then developers and
reviewers can know that something might be unreasonable.

### Why there was a `CmdArgCheck` and why it's removed?

At the moment of #21535, to reduce unnecessary changes, `CmdArgCheck`
was introduced as a hacky patch. Now, almost all code could be written
as `cmd := NewCommand(); cmd.AddXxx(...)`, then there is no need for
`CmdArgCheck` anymore.


### Why many codes for `signArg == ""` is deleted?

Because in the old code, `signArg` could never be empty string, it's
either `-S[key-id]` or `--no-gpg-sign`. So the `signArg == ""` is just
dead code.

---------

Co-authored-by: Lunny Xiao <xiaolunwen@gmail.com>

5 files changed, 8 insertions, 6 deletions

diff --git a/routers/web/repo/blame.go b/routers/web/repo/blame.go
index 50bfa9d3bd..def7cfcadb 100644
--- a/routers/web/repo/blame.go
+++ b/routers/web/repo/blame.go
@@ -217,7 +217,7 @@ func renderBlame(ctx *context.Context, blameParts []git.BlamePart, commitNames m
 
 		filename2attribute2info, err := ctx.Repo.GitRepo.CheckAttribute(git.CheckAttributeOpts{
 			CachedOnly: true,
-			Attributes: []git.CmdArg{"linguist-language", "gitlab-language"},
+			Attributes: []string{"linguist-language", "gitlab-language"},
 			Filenames:  []string{ctx.Repo.TreePath},
 			IndexFile:  indexFilename,
 			WorkTree:   worktree,
diff --git a/routers/web/repo/compare.go b/routers/web/repo/compare.go
index 35f923d561..c4b8c814e6 100644
--- a/routers/web/repo/compare.go
+++ b/routers/web/repo/compare.go
@@ -560,7 +560,7 @@ func ParseCompareInfo(ctx *context.Context) *CompareInfo {
 func PrepareCompareDiff(
 	ctx *context.Context,
 	ci *CompareInfo,
-	whitespaceBehavior git.CmdArg,
+	whitespaceBehavior git.TrustedCmdArgs,
 ) bool {
 	var (
 		repo  = ctx.Repo.Repository
diff --git a/routers/web/repo/http.go b/routers/web/repo/http.go
index 2c91ed6178..89c86e764e 100644
--- a/routers/web/repo/http.go
+++ b/routers/web/repo/http.go
@@ -498,7 +498,8 @@ func serviceRPC(ctx gocontext.Context, h serviceHandler, service string) {
 	}
 
 	var stderr bytes.Buffer
-	cmd := git.NewCommand(h.r.Context(), git.CmdArgCheck(service), "--stateless-rpc").AddDynamicArguments(h.dir)
+	// the service is generated by ourselves, so it's safe to trust it
+	cmd := git.NewCommand(h.r.Context(), git.ToTrustedCmdArgs([]string{service})...).AddArguments("--stateless-rpc").AddDynamicArguments(h.dir)
 	cmd.SetDescription(fmt.Sprintf("%s %s %s [repo_path: %s]", git.GitExecutable, service, "--stateless-rpc", h.dir))
 	if err := cmd.Run(&git.RunOpts{
 		Dir:               h.dir,
@@ -570,7 +571,8 @@ func GetInfoRefs(ctx *context.Context) {
 		}
 		h.environ = append(os.Environ(), h.environ...)
 
-		refs, _, err := git.NewCommand(ctx, git.CmdArgCheck(service), "--stateless-rpc", "--advertise-refs", ".").RunStdBytes(&git.RunOpts{Env: h.environ, Dir: h.dir})
+		// the service is generated by ourselves, so we can trust it
+		refs, _, err := git.NewCommand(ctx, git.ToTrustedCmdArgs([]string{service})...).AddArguments("--stateless-rpc", "--advertise-refs", ".").RunStdBytes(&git.RunOpts{Env: h.environ, Dir: h.dir})
 		if err != nil {
 			log.Error(fmt.Sprintf("%v - %s", err, string(refs)))
 		}
diff --git a/routers/web/repo/lfs.go b/routers/web/repo/lfs.go
index 41d5edcdd8..869a69c377 100644
--- a/routers/web/repo/lfs.go
+++ b/routers/web/repo/lfs.go
@@ -146,7 +146,7 @@ func LFSLocks(ctx *context.Context) {
 	}
 
 	name2attribute2info, err := gitRepo.CheckAttribute(git.CheckAttributeOpts{
-		Attributes: []git.CmdArg{"lockable"},
+		Attributes: []string{"lockable"},
 		Filenames:  filenames,
 		CachedOnly: true,
 	})
diff --git a/routers/web/repo/view.go b/routers/web/repo/view.go
index 769e4e895c..f314902374 100644
--- a/routers/web/repo/view.go
+++ b/routers/web/repo/view.go
@@ -509,7 +509,7 @@ func renderFile(ctx *context.Context, entry *git.TreeEntry, treeLink, rawLink st
 
 				filename2attribute2info, err := ctx.Repo.GitRepo.CheckAttribute(git.CheckAttributeOpts{
 					CachedOnly: true,
-					Attributes: []git.CmdArg{"linguist-language", "gitlab-language"},
+					Attributes: []string{"linguist-language", "gitlab-language"},
 					Filenames:  []string{ctx.Repo.TreePath},
 					IndexFile:  indexFilename,
 					WorkTree:   worktree,