Redesign Scoped Access Tokens (#24767)

## Changes
- Adds the following high level access scopes, each with `read` and
`write` levels:
    - `activitypub`
    - `admin` (hidden if user is not a site admin)
    - `misc`
    - `notification`
    - `organization`
    - `package`
    - `issue`
    - `repository`
    - `user`
- Adds new middleware function `tokenRequiresScopes()` in addition to
`reqToken()`
  -  `tokenRequiresScopes()` is used for each high-level api section
- _if_ a scoped token is present, checks that the required scope is
included based on the section and HTTP method
  - `reqToken()` is used for individual routes
- checks that required authentication is present (but does not check
scope levels as this will already have been handled by
`tokenRequiresScopes()`
- Adds migration to convert old scoped access tokens to the new set of
scopes
- Updates the user interface for scope selection

### User interface example
<img width="903" alt="Screen Shot 2023-05-31 at 1 56 55 PM"
src="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/assets/23248839/654766ec-2143-4f59-9037-3b51600e32f3">
<img width="917" alt="Screen Shot 2023-05-31 at 1 56 43 PM"
src="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/assets/23248839/1ad64081-012c-4a73-b393-66b30352654c">

## tokenRequiresScopes  Design Decision
- `tokenRequiresScopes()` was added to more reliably cover api routes.
For an incoming request, this function uses the given scope category
(say `AccessTokenScopeCategoryOrganization`) and the HTTP method (say
`DELETE`) and verifies that any scoped tokens in use include
`delete:organization`.
- `reqToken()` is used to enforce auth for individual routes that
require it. If a scoped token is not present for a request,
`tokenRequiresScopes()` will not return an error

## TODO
- [x] Alphabetize scope categories
- [x] Change 'public repos only' to a radio button (private vs public).
Also expand this to organizations
- [X] Disable token creation if no scopes selected. Alternatively, show
warning
- [x] `reqToken()` is missing from many `POST/DELETE` routes in the api.
`tokenRequiresScopes()` only checks that a given token has the correct
scope, `reqToken()` must be used to check that a token (or some other
auth) is present.
   -  _This should be addressed in this PR_
- [x] The migration should be reviewed very carefully in order to
minimize access changes to existing user tokens.
   - _This should be addressed in this PR_
- [x] Link to api to swagger documentation, clarify what
read/write/delete levels correspond to
- [x] Review cases where more than one scope is needed as this directly
deviates from the api definition.
   - _This should be addressed in this PR_
   - For example: 
   ```go
	m.Group("/users/{username}/orgs", func() {
		m.Get("", reqToken(), org.ListUserOrgs)
		m.Get("/{org}/permissions", reqToken(), org.GetUserOrgsPermissions)
}, tokenRequiresScopes(auth_model.AccessTokenScopeCategoryUser,
auth_model.AccessTokenScopeCategoryOrganization),
context_service.UserAssignmentAPI())
   ```

## Future improvements
- [ ] Add required scopes to swagger documentation
- [ ] Redesign `reqToken()` to be opt-out rather than opt-in
- [ ] Subdivide scopes like `repository`
- [ ] Once a token is created, if it has no scopes, we should display
text instead of an empty bullet point
- [ ] If the 'public repos only' option is selected, should read
categories be selected by default

Closes #24501
Closes #24799

Co-authored-by: Jonathan Tran <jon@allspice.io>
Co-authored-by: Kyle D <kdumontnu@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: silverwind <me@silverwind.io>

2 files changed, 12 insertions, 5 deletions

diff --git a/services/lfs/locks.go b/services/lfs/locks.go
index 1e5db6bd20..08d7432656 100644
--- a/services/lfs/locks.go
+++ b/services/lfs/locks.go
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ import (
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
 
+	auth_model "code.gitea.io/gitea/models/auth"
 	git_model "code.gitea.io/gitea/models/git"
 	repo_model "code.gitea.io/gitea/models/repo"
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/context"
@@ -58,7 +59,7 @@ func GetListLockHandler(ctx *context.Context) {
 	}
 	repository.MustOwner(ctx)
 
-	context.CheckRepoScopedToken(ctx, repository)
+	context.CheckRepoScopedToken(ctx, repository, auth_model.Read)
 	if ctx.Written() {
 		return
 	}
@@ -150,7 +151,7 @@ func PostLockHandler(ctx *context.Context) {
 	}
 	repository.MustOwner(ctx)
 
-	context.CheckRepoScopedToken(ctx, repository)
+	context.CheckRepoScopedToken(ctx, repository, auth_model.Write)
 	if ctx.Written() {
 		return
 	}
@@ -222,7 +223,7 @@ func VerifyLockHandler(ctx *context.Context) {
 	}
 	repository.MustOwner(ctx)
 
-	context.CheckRepoScopedToken(ctx, repository)
+	context.CheckRepoScopedToken(ctx, repository, auth_model.Read)
 	if ctx.Written() {
 		return
 	}
@@ -293,7 +294,7 @@ func UnLockHandler(ctx *context.Context) {
 	}
 	repository.MustOwner(ctx)
 
-	context.CheckRepoScopedToken(ctx, repository)
+	context.CheckRepoScopedToken(ctx, repository, auth_model.Write)
 	if ctx.Written() {
 		return
 	}
diff --git a/services/lfs/server.go b/services/lfs/server.go
index 64e1203394..1f82aed54b 100644
--- a/services/lfs/server.go
+++ b/services/lfs/server.go
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ import (
 	"strings"
 
 	actions_model "code.gitea.io/gitea/models/actions"
+	auth_model "code.gitea.io/gitea/models/auth"
 	git_model "code.gitea.io/gitea/models/git"
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/models/perm"
 	access_model "code.gitea.io/gitea/models/perm/access"
@@ -423,7 +424,12 @@ func getAuthenticatedRepository(ctx *context.Context, rc *requestContext, requir
 		return nil
 	}
 
-	context.CheckRepoScopedToken(ctx, repository)
+	if requireWrite {
+		context.CheckRepoScopedToken(ctx, repository, auth_model.Write)
+	} else {
+		context.CheckRepoScopedToken(ctx, repository, auth_model.Read)
+	}
+
 	if ctx.Written() {
 		return nil
 	}