3 files changed, 104 insertions, 12 deletions

diff --git a/models/actions/schedule.go b/models/actions/schedule.go
index 3646a046a0..c751ef51ca 100644
--- a/models/actions/schedule.go
+++ b/models/actions/schedule.go
@@ -13,8 +13,6 @@ import (
 	user_model "code.gitea.io/gitea/models/user"
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/timeutil"
 	webhook_module "code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/webhook"
-
-	"github.com/robfig/cron/v3"
 )
 
 // ActionSchedule represents a schedule of a workflow file
@@ -53,8 +51,6 @@ func GetReposMapByIDs(ctx context.Context, ids []int64) (map[int64]*repo_model.R
 	return repos, db.GetEngine(ctx).In("id", ids).Find(&repos)
 }
 
-var cronParser = cron.NewParser(cron.Minute | cron.Hour | cron.Dom | cron.Month | cron.Dow | cron.Descriptor)
-
 // CreateScheduleTask creates new schedule task.
 func CreateScheduleTask(ctx context.Context, rows []*ActionSchedule) error {
 	// Return early if there are no rows to insert
@@ -80,19 +76,21 @@ func CreateScheduleTask(ctx context.Context, rows []*ActionSchedule) error {
 		now := time.Now()
 
 		for _, spec := range row.Specs {
+			specRow := &ActionScheduleSpec{
+				RepoID:     row.RepoID,
+				ScheduleID: row.ID,
+				Spec:       spec,
+			}
 			// Parse the spec and check for errors
-			schedule, err := cronParser.Parse(spec)
+			schedule, err := specRow.Parse()
 			if err != nil {
 				continue // skip to the next spec if there's an error
 			}
 
+			specRow.Next = timeutil.TimeStamp(schedule.Next(now).Unix())
+
 			// Insert the new schedule spec row
-			if err = db.Insert(ctx, &ActionScheduleSpec{
-				RepoID:     row.RepoID,
-				ScheduleID: row.ID,
-				Spec:       spec,
-				Next:       timeutil.TimeStamp(schedule.Next(now).Unix()),
-			}); err != nil {
+			if err = db.Insert(ctx, specRow); err != nil {
 				return err
 			}
 		}
diff --git a/models/actions/schedule_spec.go b/models/actions/schedule_spec.go
index 91240459a0..923e5f7807 100644
--- a/models/actions/schedule_spec.go
+++ b/models/actions/schedule_spec.go
@@ -5,6 +5,8 @@ package actions
 
 import (
 	"context"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
 
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/models/db"
 	repo_model "code.gitea.io/gitea/models/repo"
@@ -32,8 +34,29 @@ type ActionScheduleSpec struct {
 	Updated timeutil.TimeStamp `xorm:"updated"`
 }
 
+// Parse parses the spec and returns a cron.Schedule
+// Unlike the default cron parser, Parse uses UTC timezone as the default if none is specified.
 func (s *ActionScheduleSpec) Parse() (cron.Schedule, error) {
-	return cronParser.Parse(s.Spec)
+	parser := cron.NewParser(cron.Minute | cron.Hour | cron.Dom | cron.Month | cron.Dow | cron.Descriptor)
+	schedule, err := parser.Parse(s.Spec)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	// If the spec has specified a timezone, use it
+	if strings.HasPrefix(s.Spec, "TZ=") || strings.HasPrefix(s.Spec, "CRON_TZ=") {
+		return schedule, nil
+	}
+
+	specSchedule, ok := schedule.(*cron.SpecSchedule)
+	// If it's not a spec schedule, like "@every 5m", timezone is not relevant
+	if !ok {
+		return schedule, nil
+	}
+
+	// Set the timezone to UTC
+	specSchedule.Location = time.UTC
+	return specSchedule, nil
 }
 
 func init() {
diff --git a/models/actions/schedule_spec_test.go b/models/actions/schedule_spec_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0c26fce4b2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/models/actions/schedule_spec_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+// Copyright 2024 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package actions
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+func TestActionScheduleSpec_Parse(t *testing.T) {
+	// Mock the local timezone is not UTC
+	local := time.Local
+	tz, err := time.LoadLocation("Asia/Shanghai")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	defer func() {
+		time.Local = local
+	}()
+	time.Local = tz
+
+	now, err := time.Parse(time.RFC3339, "2024-07-31T15:47:55+08:00")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	tests := []struct {
+		name    string
+		spec    string
+		want    string
+		wantErr assert.ErrorAssertionFunc
+	}{
+		{
+			name:    "regular",
+			spec:    "0 10 * * *",
+			want:    "2024-07-31T10:00:00Z",
+			wantErr: assert.NoError,
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "invalid",
+			spec:    "0 10 * *",
+			want:    "",
+			wantErr: assert.Error,
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "with timezone",
+			spec:    "TZ=America/New_York 0 10 * * *",
+			want:    "2024-07-31T14:00:00Z",
+			wantErr: assert.NoError,
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "timezone irrelevant",
+			spec:    "@every 5m",
+			want:    "2024-07-31T07:52:55Z",
+			wantErr: assert.NoError,
+		},
+	}
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			s := &ActionScheduleSpec{
+				Spec: tt.spec,
+			}
+			got, err := s.Parse()
+			tt.wantErr(t, err)
+
+			if err == nil {
+				assert.Equal(t, tt.want, got.Next(now).UTC().Format(time.RFC3339))
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}