61 files changed, 2460 insertions, 128 deletions
diff --git a/org.eclipse.jgit.pgm.test/tst/org/eclipse/jgit/pgm/RevListTest.java b/org.eclipse.jgit.pgm.test/tst/org/eclipse/jgit/pgm/RevListTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..06fddc29d9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/org.eclipse.jgit.pgm.test/tst/org/eclipse/jgit/pgm/RevListTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2021, kylezhao <kylezhao@tencent.com> and others.
+ *
+ * This program and the accompanying materials are made available under the
+ * terms of the Eclipse Distribution License v. 1.0 which is available at
+ * https://www.eclipse.org/org/documents/edl-v10.php.
+ *
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+ */
+
+package org.eclipse.jgit.pgm;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+
+import org.eclipse.jgit.api.Git;
+import org.eclipse.jgit.lib.CLIRepositoryTestCase;
+import org.eclipse.jgit.revwalk.RevCommit;
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+public class RevListTest extends CLIRepositoryTestCase {
+
+	private Git git;
+
+	@Override
+	@Before
+	public void setUp() throws Exception {
+		super.setUp();
+		git = new Git(db);
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testWithParentsFlag() throws Exception {
+		List<RevCommit> commits = createCommitsForParentsFlag(git);
+		String result = toString(
+				execute("git rev-list HEAD --parents -- Test.txt"));
+
+		String expect = toString(
+				commits.get(3).name() + ' ' + commits.get(1).name(),
+				commits.get(1).name());
+
+		assertEquals(expect, result);
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testWithoutParentsFlag() throws Exception {
+		List<RevCommit> commits = createCommitsForParentsFlag(git);
+		String result = toString(execute("git rev-list HEAD -- Test.txt"));
+
+		String expect = toString(commits.get(3).name(), commits.get(1).name());
+
+		assertEquals(expect, result);
+	}
+
+	private List<RevCommit> createCommitsForParentsFlag(Git git)
+			throws Exception {
+		List<RevCommit> commits = new ArrayList<>();
+		writeTrashFile("Test1.txt", "Hello world");
+		git.add().addFilepattern("Test1.txt").call();
+		commits.add(git.commit().setMessage("commit#0").call());
+		writeTrashFile("Test.txt", "Hello world!");
+		git.add().addFilepattern("Test.txt").call();
+		commits.add(git.commit().setMessage("commit#1").call());
+		writeTrashFile("Test1.txt", "Hello world!!");
+		git.add().addFilepattern("Test1.txt").call();
+		commits.add(git.commit().setMessage("commit#2").call());
+		writeTrashFile("Test.txt", "Hello world!!!");
+		git.add().addFilepattern("Test.txt").call();
+		commits.add(git.commit().setMessage("commit#3").call());
+		return commits;
+	}
+}
diff --git a/org.eclipse.jgit.pgm/src/org/eclipse/jgit/pgm/RevWalkTextBuiltin.java b/org.eclipse.jgit.pgm/src/org/eclipse/jgit/pgm/RevWalkTextBuiltin.java
index 822f8998bd..696a924ecf 100644
--- a/org.eclipse.jgit.pgm/src/org/eclipse/jgit/pgm/RevWalkTextBuiltin.java
+++ b/org.eclipse.jgit.pgm/src/org/eclipse/jgit/pgm/RevWalkTextBuiltin.java
@@ -129,6 +129,9 @@ abstract class RevWalkTextBuiltin extends TextBuiltin {
 			walk.setTreeFilter(AndTreeFilter.create(pathFilter,
 					TreeFilter.ANY_DIFF));
 		}
+		if (parents) {
+			walk.setRewriteParents(true);
+		}
 
 		if (revLimiter.size() == 1)
 			walk.setRevFilter(revLimiter.get(0));
diff --git a/org.eclipse.jgit.ssh.jsch.test/tst/org/eclipse/jgit/transport/OpenSshConfigTest.java b/org.eclipse.jgit.ssh.jsch.test/tst/org/eclipse/jgit/transport/OpenSshConfigTest.java
index 4be2271a8c..93d85e2e90 100644
--- a/org.eclipse.jgit.ssh.jsch.test/tst/org/eclipse/jgit/transport/OpenSshConfigTest.java
+++ b/org.eclipse.jgit.ssh.jsch.test/tst/org/eclipse/jgit/transport/OpenSshConfigTest.java
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright (C) 2008, 2017 Google Inc. and others
+ * Copyright (C) 2008, 2021 Google Inc. and others
  *
  * This program and the accompanying materials are made available under the
  * terms of the Eclipse Distribution License v. 1.0 which is available at
@@ -517,4 +517,76 @@ public class OpenSshConfigTest extends RepositoryTestCase {
 		assertEquals("/tmp/${TST_VAR/bar",
 				c.getValue(SshConstants.IDENTITY_AGENT));
 	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testNegativeMatch() throws Exception {
+		config("Host foo.bar !foobar.baz *.baz\n" + "Port 29418\n");
+		Host h = osc.lookup("foo.bar");
+		assertNotNull(h);
+		assertEquals(29418, h.getPort());
+		h = osc.lookup("foobar.baz");
+		assertNotNull(h);
+		assertEquals(22, h.getPort());
+		h = osc.lookup("foo.baz");
+		assertNotNull(h);
+		assertEquals(29418, h.getPort());
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testNegativeMatch2() throws Exception {
+		// Negative match after the positive match.
+		config("Host foo.bar *.baz !foobar.baz\n" + "Port 29418\n");
+		Host h = osc.lookup("foo.bar");
+		assertNotNull(h);
+		assertEquals(29418, h.getPort());
+		h = osc.lookup("foobar.baz");
+		assertNotNull(h);
+		assertEquals(22, h.getPort());
+		h = osc.lookup("foo.baz");
+		assertNotNull(h);
+		assertEquals(29418, h.getPort());
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testNoMatch() throws Exception {
+		config("Host !host1 !host2\n" + "Port 29418\n");
+		Host h = osc.lookup("host1");
+		assertNotNull(h);
+		assertEquals(22, h.getPort());
+		h = osc.lookup("host2");
+		assertNotNull(h);
+		assertEquals(22, h.getPort());
+		h = osc.lookup("host3");
+		assertNotNull(h);
+		assertEquals(22, h.getPort());
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testMultipleMatch() throws Exception {
+		config("Host foo.bar\nPort 29418\nIdentityFile /foo\n\n"
+				+ "Host *.bar\nPort 22\nIdentityFile /bar\n"
+				+ "Host foo.bar\nPort 47\nIdentityFile /baz\n");
+		Host h = osc.lookup("foo.bar");
+		assertNotNull(h);
+		assertEquals(29418, h.getPort());
+		assertArrayEquals(new Object[] { "/foo", "/bar", "/baz" },
+				h.getConfig().getValues("IdentityFile"));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testWhitespace() throws Exception {
+		config("Host foo \tbar   baz\nPort 29418\n");
+		Host h = osc.lookup("foo");
+		assertNotNull(h);
+		assertEquals(29418, h.getPort());
+		h = osc.lookup("bar");
+		assertNotNull(h);
+		assertEquals(29418, h.getPort());
+		h = osc.lookup("baz");
+		assertNotNull(h);
+		assertEquals(29418, h.getPort());
+		h = osc.lookup("\tbar");
+		assertNotNull(h);
+		assertEquals(22, h.getPort());
+	}
 }
diff --git a/org.eclipse.jgit.test/.settings/org.eclipse.core.resources.prefs b/org.eclipse.jgit.test/.settings/org.eclipse.core.resources.prefs
index 6a9621db1d..cddb99d1d5 100644
--- a/org.eclipse.jgit.test/.settings/org.eclipse.core.resources.prefs
+++ b/org.eclipse.jgit.test/.settings/org.eclipse.core.resources.prefs
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
-#Sat Dec 20 21:21:24 CET 2008
 eclipse.preferences.version=1
+encoding//tst-rsrc/org/eclipse/jgit/diff/umlaut.patch=ISO-8859-1
+encoding//tst-rsrc/org/eclipse/jgit/diff/umlaut_PostImage=ISO-8859-1
 encoding//tst-rsrc/org/eclipse/jgit/patch/testGetText_BothISO88591.patch=ISO-8859-1
 encoding//tst-rsrc/org/eclipse/jgit/patch/testGetText_Convert.patch=ISO-8859-1
 encoding//tst-rsrc/org/eclipse/jgit/patch/testGetText_DiffCc.patch=ISO-8859-1
diff --git a/org.eclipse.jgit.test/exttst/org/eclipse/jgit/internal/storage/file/CGitLockFileTest.java b/org.eclipse.jgit.test/exttst/org/eclipse/jgit/internal/storage/file/CGitLockFileTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4c194752b4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/org.eclipse.jgit.test/exttst/org/eclipse/jgit/internal/storage/file/CGitLockFileTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2021 SAP SE and others
+ *
+ * This program and the accompanying materials are made available under the
+ * terms of the Eclipse Distribution License v. 1.0 which is available at
+ * https://www.eclipse.org/org/documents/edl-v10.php.
+ *
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+ */
+package org.eclipse.jgit.internal.storage.file;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotNull;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+
+import org.eclipse.jgit.api.Git;
+import org.eclipse.jgit.junit.RepositoryTestCase;
+import org.eclipse.jgit.revwalk.RevCommit;
+import org.eclipse.jgit.util.FS;
+import org.eclipse.jgit.util.FS.ExecutionResult;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+/**
+ * Unit tests of {@link LockFile} testing interoperability with C git
+ */
+public class CGitLockFileTest extends RepositoryTestCase {
+
+	@Test
+	public void testLockedTwiceFails() throws Exception {
+		try (Git git = new Git(db)) {
+			writeTrashFile("file.txt", "content");
+			git.add().addFilepattern("file.txt").call();
+			RevCommit commit1 = git.commit().setMessage("create file").call();
+
+			assertNotNull(commit1);
+			writeTrashFile("file.txt", "content2");
+			git.add().addFilepattern("file.txt").call();
+			assertNotNull(git.commit().setMessage("edit file").call());
+
+			LockFile lf = new LockFile(db.getIndexFile());
+			assertTrue(lf.lock());
+			try {
+				String[] command = new String[] { "git", "checkout",
+						commit1.name() };
+				ProcessBuilder pb = new ProcessBuilder(command);
+				pb.directory(db.getWorkTree());
+				ExecutionResult result = FS.DETECTED.execute(pb, null);
+				assertNotEquals(0, result.getRc());
+				String err = result.getStderr().toString().split("\\R")[0];
+				assertTrue(err.matches(
+						"fatal: Unable to create .*/\\.git/index\\.lock': File exists\\."));
+			} finally {
+				lf.unlock();
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
diff --git a/org.eclipse.jgit.test/tst-rsrc/org/eclipse/jgit/diff/.gitattributes b/org.eclipse.jgit.test/tst-rsrc/org/eclipse/jgit/diff/.gitattributes
index c5831d9a8b..28caa2f82a 100644
--- a/org.eclipse.jgit.test/tst-rsrc/org/eclipse/jgit/diff/.gitattributes
+++ b/org.eclipse.jgit.test/tst-rsrc/org/eclipse/jgit/diff/.gitattributes
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
 *.patch -crlf
 *Image -crlf
 *.out -crlf
+delta* -text
+literal* -text
diff --git a/org.eclipse.jgit.test/tst-rsrc/org/eclipse/jgit/diff/crlf.patch b/org.eclipse.jgit.test/tst-rsrc/org/eclipse/jgit/diff/crlf.patch
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..01eb0b9510
--- /dev/null
+++ b/org.eclipse.jgit.test/tst-rsrc/org/eclipse/jgit/diff/crlf.patch
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+diff --git a/crlf b/crlf
+index 9206ee6..95dd193 100644
+--- a/crlf
++++ b/crlf
+@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
+ foo
+-fie
++bar
+ fum
diff --git a/org.eclipse.jgit.test/tst-rsrc/org/eclipse/jgit/diff/crlf2.patch b/org.eclipse.jgit.test/tst-rsrc/org/eclipse/jgit/diff/crlf2.patch
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5a6210489c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/org.eclipse.jgit.test/tst-rsrc/org/eclipse/jgit/diff/crlf2.patch
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+diff --git a/crlf2 b/crlf2
+index 05c1c78..91e246d 100644
+--- a/crlf2
++++ b/crlf2
+@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
+ foo
+-fie
++bar
+ fum
diff --git a/org.eclipse.jgit.test/tst-rsrc/org/eclipse/jgit/diff/crlf2_PostImage b/org.eclipse.jgit.test/tst-rsrc/org/eclipse/jgit/diff/crlf2_PostImage
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..91e246d064
--- /dev/null
+++ b/org.eclipse.jgit.test/tst-rsrc/org/eclipse/jgit/diff/crlf2_PostImage
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+foo
+bar
+fum
diff --git a/org.eclipse.jgit.test/tst-rsrc/org/eclipse/jgit/diff/crlf2_PreImage b/org.eclipse.jgit.test/tst-rsrc/org/eclipse/jgit/diff/crlf2_PreImage
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..05c1c782e5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/org.eclipse.jgit.test/tst-rsrc/org/eclipse/jgit/diff/crlf2_PreImage
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+foo
+fie
+fum
diff --git a/org.eclipse.jgit.test/tst-rsrc/org/eclipse/jgit/diff/crlf3.patch b/org.eclipse.jgit.test/tst-rsrc/org/eclipse/jgit/diff/crlf3.patch
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b155148b3e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/org.eclipse.jgit.test/tst-rsrc/org/eclipse/jgit/diff/crlf3.patch
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+diff --git a/crlf3 b/crlf3
+index e69de29..9206ee6 100644
+--- a/crlf3
++++ b/crlf3
+@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
++foo
++fie
++fum
diff --git a/org.eclipse.jgit.test/tst-rsrc/org/eclipse/jgit/diff/crlf3_PostImage b/org.eclipse.jgit.test/tst-rsrc/org/eclipse/jgit/diff/crlf3_PostImage
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..05c1c782e5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/org.eclipse.jgit.test/tst-rsrc/org/eclipse/jgit/diff/crlf3_PostImage
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+foo
+fie
+fum
diff --git a/org.eclipse.jgit.test/tst-rsrc/org/eclipse/jgit/diff/crlf3_PreImage b/org.eclipse.jgit.test/tst-rsrc/org/eclipse/jgit/diff/crlf3_PreImage
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e69de29bb2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/org.eclipse.jgit.test/tst-rsrc/org/eclipse/jgit/diff/crlf3_PreImage
diff --git a/org.eclipse.jgit.test/tst-rsrc/org/eclipse/jgit/diff/crlf4.patch b/org.eclipse.jgit.test/tst-rsrc/org/eclipse/jgit/diff/crlf4.patch
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0cf606390a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/org.eclipse.jgit.test/tst-rsrc/org/eclipse/jgit/diff/crlf4.patch
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+diff --git a/crlf4 b/crlf4
+new file mode 100644
+index 0000000..9206ee6
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/crlf4
+@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
++foo
++fie
++fum
diff --git a/org.eclipse.jgit.test/tst-rsrc/org/eclipse/jgit/diff/crlf4_PostImage b/org.eclipse.jgit.test/tst-rsrc/org/eclipse/jgit/diff/crlf4_PostImage
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..05c1c782e5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/org.eclipse.jgit.test/tst-rsrc/org/eclipse/jgit/diff/crlf4_PostImage
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+foo
+fie
+fum
diff --git a/org.eclipse.jgit.test/tst-rsrc/org/eclipse/jgit/diff/crlf_PostImage b/org.eclipse.jgit.test/tst-rsrc/org/eclipse/jgit/diff/crlf_PostImage
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..91e246d064
--- /dev/null
+++ b/org.eclipse.jgit.test/tst-rsrc/org/eclipse/jgit/diff/crlf_PostImage
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+foo
+bar
+fum
diff --git a/org.eclipse.jgit.test/tst-rsrc/org/eclipse/jgit/diff/crlf_PreImage b/org.eclipse.jgit.test/tst-rsrc/org/eclipse/jgit/diff/crlf_PreImage
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..05c1c782e5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/org.eclipse.jgit.test/tst-rsrc/org/eclipse/jgit/diff/crlf_PreImage
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+foo
+fie
+fum
diff --git a/org.eclipse.jgit.test/tst-rsrc/org/eclipse/jgit/diff/delta.patch b/org.eclipse.jgit.test/tst-rsrc/org/eclipse/jgit/diff/delta.patch
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..84855308a5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/org.eclipse.jgit.test/tst-rsrc/org/eclipse/jgit/diff/delta.patch
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+diff --git a/delta b/delta
+index b4527005bf9e4da2dd1d7185b51bdac623a4218f..8b370bb5f2bc3261b6b62e80d6edd784a61ec225 100644
+GIT binary patch
+delta 14
+ScmZp0Xmwa1z*+$U3j_csN(Dmz
+
+delta 12
+TcmZp5XmD5{u!xa=5hEi28?FP4
diff --git a/org.eclipse.jgit.test/tst-rsrc/org/eclipse/jgit/diff/delta_PostImage b/org.eclipse.jgit.test/tst-rsrc/org/eclipse/jgit/diff/delta_PostImage
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8b370bb5f2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/org.eclipse.jgit.test/tst-rsrc/org/eclipse/jgit/diff/delta_PostImage
diff --git a/org.eclipse.jgit.test/tst-rsrc/org/eclipse/jgit/diff/delta_PreImage b/org.eclipse.jgit.test/tst-rsrc/org/eclipse/jgit/diff/delta_PreImage
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b4527005bf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/org.eclipse.jgit.test/tst-rsrc/org/eclipse/jgit/diff/delta_PreImage
diff --git a/org.eclipse.jgit.test/tst-rsrc/org/eclipse/jgit/diff/emptyLine.patch b/org.eclipse.jgit.test/tst-rsrc/org/eclipse/jgit/diff/emptyLine.patch
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..18c80c4feb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/org.eclipse.jgit.test/tst-rsrc/org/eclipse/jgit/diff/emptyLine.patch
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+diff --git a/emptyLine b/emptyLine
+index 1fd3fa2..45c2c9b 100644
+--- a/emptyLine
++++ b/emptyLine
+@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
+ foo
+
+-fie
++bar
+ fum
diff --git a/org.eclipse.jgit.test/tst-rsrc/org/eclipse/jgit/diff/emptyLine_PostImage b/org.eclipse.jgit.test/tst-rsrc/org/eclipse/jgit/diff/emptyLine_PostImage
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..45c2c9ba5b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/org.eclipse.jgit.test/tst-rsrc/org/eclipse/jgit/diff/emptyLine_PostImage
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+foo
+
+bar
+fum
diff --git a/org.eclipse.jgit.test/tst-rsrc/org/eclipse/jgit/diff/emptyLine_PreImage b/org.eclipse.jgit.test/tst-rsrc/org/eclipse/jgit/diff/emptyLine_PreImage
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1fd3fa23b0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/org.eclipse.jgit.test/tst-rsrc/org/eclipse/jgit/diff/emptyLine_PreImage
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+foo
+
+fie
+fum
diff --git a/org.eclipse.jgit.test/tst-rsrc/org/eclipse/jgit/diff/hello.patch b/org.eclipse.jgit.test/tst-rsrc/org/eclipse/jgit/diff/hello.patch
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f015a38062
--- /dev/null
+++ b/org.eclipse.jgit.test/tst-rsrc/org/eclipse/jgit/diff/hello.patch
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+diff --git a/hello b/hello
+index b6fc4c6..0abaeaa 100644
+--- a/hello
++++ b/hello
+@@ -1 +1 @@
+-hello
+\ No newline at end of file
++bye
+\ No newline at end of file
+diff --git a/yello b/yello
+index 391a8cb..d1ed081 100644
+--- a/yello
++++ b/yello
+@@ -1 +1 @@
+-yello
++yellow
diff --git a/org.eclipse.jgit.test/tst-rsrc/org/eclipse/jgit/diff/hello_PostImage b/org.eclipse.jgit.test/tst-rsrc/org/eclipse/jgit/diff/hello_PostImage
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0abaeaa993
--- /dev/null
+++ b/org.eclipse.jgit.test/tst-rsrc/org/eclipse/jgit/diff/hello_PostImage
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+bye
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/org.eclipse.jgit.test/tst-rsrc/org/eclipse/jgit/diff/hello_PreImage b/org.eclipse.jgit.test/tst-rsrc/org/eclipse/jgit/diff/hello_PreImage
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b6fc4c620b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/org.eclipse.jgit.test/tst-rsrc/org/eclipse/jgit/diff/hello_PreImage
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+hello
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/org.eclipse.jgit.test/tst-rsrc/org/eclipse/jgit/diff/literal.patch b/org.eclipse.jgit.test/tst-rsrc/org/eclipse/jgit/diff/literal.patch
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c8811d5bb0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/org.eclipse.jgit.test/tst-rsrc/org/eclipse/jgit/diff/literal.patch
@@ -0,0 +1,126 @@
+diff --git a/literal b/literal
+index 799df8578e3cae8a5e979182391b8e9a6a3deded..74e4201af6378ac87bf9e118fbab6553c7fd355c 100644
+GIT binary patch
+literal 5389
+zcmc&&X;f25x2=0gFa(g;$fO8C5fl|r2$Mhpf-;XXh+qO@qwRo*3aF3^Peq(ZoX{Y4
+zI{-=?P(d+4RGeCZATuQ301AQ)VKCt)uP*jm>#bhz`}L-^YNgIORkhFFyDIsSoS=YZ
+zn$&4j0Dz{qmq!QyC=5|RQGrv{71I}RA|<%_y8&?Pi28Ue8RkfG$TD|u^R3|*xU(zB
+zZ@K5P&3+xejCMcUc0Y!I$?Wj6>+rQxa)B}|OzgvWV`Bp=t=@L+unvcheY-FGWVHFi
+zl+hUAG;tQLGGOrYEIbZ_wx8)lP#?yGs}Q8a$4&`AtDjvvjQwm{y=_{&ObKM)zwukV
+z?ApAEov=%*pABr(4!6O;+fK5~27)yC*}z_K8|2pNXFEZO(FtixfQbDV^<ft6u(gj}
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diff --git a/org.eclipse.jgit.test/tst-rsrc/org/eclipse/jgit/diff/literal_PostImage b/org.eclipse.jgit.test/tst-rsrc/org/eclipse/jgit/diff/literal_PostImage
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..74e4201af6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/org.eclipse.jgit.test/tst-rsrc/org/eclipse/jgit/diff/literal_PostImage
diff --git a/org.eclipse.jgit.test/tst-rsrc/org/eclipse/jgit/diff/literal_PreImage b/org.eclipse.jgit.test/tst-rsrc/org/eclipse/jgit/diff/literal_PreImage
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..799df8578e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/org.eclipse.jgit.test/tst-rsrc/org/eclipse/jgit/diff/literal_PreImage
diff --git a/org.eclipse.jgit.test/tst-rsrc/org/eclipse/jgit/diff/literal_add.patch b/org.eclipse.jgit.test/tst-rsrc/org/eclipse/jgit/diff/literal_add.patch
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..bb6a9e42a3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/org.eclipse.jgit.test/tst-rsrc/org/eclipse/jgit/diff/literal_add.patch
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+diff --git a/literal_add b/literal_add
+new file mode 100644
+index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..799df8578e3cae8a5e979182391b8e9a6a3deded
+GIT binary patch
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+zKc{_3+6ywu7%f6L4wOU{)g}fo*D?^Jr|{7Sp8?<)H^ESE%sf%~un+ua7rY{J06+}0
+zBy8Rps2H|^J|j+2+~rC4Fn?hY0JCP_Lh7i|L+U9?*al+&tkFFXsf0HCR$sKt{%-N*
+z3RR6+FmIp}5m(&$ue@g=bLJKRFlTN7-&`_x$UWlocgCh)3Al~C9R)~fZF~*18f4VZ
+z7oA&Ukw3@K+7SLg7mjhqTqW}hV+`Lhzc5b6=kLU7I5v9W<&&Sk(HI4gO@x470;o9m
+zY+rTyJynfaG+&^Lp59A<M5C)XcqYbh#lf@DF@T<{7x4#s21TzuZbDB++R+zw^S<u0
+z;g3DVz_f{JftkB1C;cKAHg^r29JT@cfi7H53U1dZYR<KAsi_ldm7Uv;a`aFYDEI>1
+zbX{p6Z2g0st1+xPRr~fQk-nI>L$^#A<JHs;1&T!MQ?sAF12H_pkRrHUeIPC;nNZkA
+zAlOSN><5PaL=!6;PSwBuOsthb;@vtaN3H8!fg-Rw7QQgI>Pk?49a|gzM^OzTtUX=(
+z<{t+S#TiXq)6|eE-gzSI0rP_+YmYB4y}5I>Ds?yLyvmA{4domX6nRy|Tb{c@gw3Go
+zSAy>Q%C;02*syDzNaO$;UaV@p5uVP-xx6jWU($8IpY(BDzOQ7j6qV%)(*@c8YURW;
+zzpcp2S4#n^S%{1S+QBwkHC1k7_I_Hk`;+V09uYtc%=Ww#?-e@}G}|!}PU;OD{-Qsp
+bU%LDkMDBWX&Ru`<00000NkvXXu0mjfJA@b~
+
+literal 0
+HcmV?d00001
diff --git a/org.eclipse.jgit.test/tst-rsrc/org/eclipse/jgit/diff/literal_add_PostImage b/org.eclipse.jgit.test/tst-rsrc/org/eclipse/jgit/diff/literal_add_PostImage
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..799df8578e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/org.eclipse.jgit.test/tst-rsrc/org/eclipse/jgit/diff/literal_add_PostImage
diff --git a/org.eclipse.jgit.test/tst-rsrc/org/eclipse/jgit/diff/smudgetest.patch b/org.eclipse.jgit.test/tst-rsrc/org/eclipse/jgit/diff/smudgetest.patch
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ab4d4265a0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/org.eclipse.jgit.test/tst-rsrc/org/eclipse/jgit/diff/smudgetest.patch
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+diff --git a/smudgetest b/smudgetest
+index a24d41e..762c4d0 100644
+--- a/smudgetest
++++ b/smudgetest
+@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
+ PERLE
+-HEBLE
++sprich
+ speak
diff --git a/org.eclipse.jgit.test/tst-rsrc/org/eclipse/jgit/diff/smudgetest_PostImage b/org.eclipse.jgit.test/tst-rsrc/org/eclipse/jgit/diff/smudgetest_PostImage
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ad630893df
--- /dev/null
+++ b/org.eclipse.jgit.test/tst-rsrc/org/eclipse/jgit/diff/smudgetest_PostImage
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+PARLA
+sprich
+speak
diff --git a/org.eclipse.jgit.test/tst-rsrc/org/eclipse/jgit/diff/smudgetest_PreImage b/org.eclipse.jgit.test/tst-rsrc/org/eclipse/jgit/diff/smudgetest_PreImage
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9bbd8c763e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/org.eclipse.jgit.test/tst-rsrc/org/eclipse/jgit/diff/smudgetest_PreImage
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+PARLA
+HABLA
+speak
diff --git a/org.eclipse.jgit.test/tst-rsrc/org/eclipse/jgit/diff/umlaut.patch b/org.eclipse.jgit.test/tst-rsrc/org/eclipse/jgit/diff/umlaut.patch
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7380dbed82
--- /dev/null
+++ b/org.eclipse.jgit.test/tst-rsrc/org/eclipse/jgit/diff/umlaut.patch
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+diff --git a/umlaut b/umlaut
+index 003a054..557f72f 100644
+--- a/umlaut
++++ b/umlaut
+@@ -1 +1 @@
+-ÄÖÜ
++���
diff --git a/org.eclipse.jgit.test/tst-rsrc/org/eclipse/jgit/diff/umlaut_PostImage b/org.eclipse.jgit.test/tst-rsrc/org/eclipse/jgit/diff/umlaut_PostImage
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..557f72f513
--- /dev/null
+++ b/org.eclipse.jgit.test/tst-rsrc/org/eclipse/jgit/diff/umlaut_PostImage
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+���
diff --git a/org.eclipse.jgit.test/tst-rsrc/org/eclipse/jgit/diff/umlaut_PreImage b/org.eclipse.jgit.test/tst-rsrc/org/eclipse/jgit/diff/umlaut_PreImage
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..003a054114
--- /dev/null
+++ b/org.eclipse.jgit.test/tst-rsrc/org/eclipse/jgit/diff/umlaut_PreImage
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+ÄÖÜ
diff --git a/org.eclipse.jgit.test/tst-rsrc/org/eclipse/jgit/util/io/delta1.forward b/org.eclipse.jgit.test/tst-rsrc/org/eclipse/jgit/util/io/delta1.forward
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..878b167ae9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/org.eclipse.jgit.test/tst-rsrc/org/eclipse/jgit/util/io/delta1.forward
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+ScmZp0Xmwa1z*+$U3j_csN(Dmz
diff --git a/org.eclipse.jgit.test/tst-rsrc/org/eclipse/jgit/util/io/delta1.reverse b/org.eclipse.jgit.test/tst-rsrc/org/eclipse/jgit/util/io/delta1.reverse
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7ff7a08ad0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/org.eclipse.jgit.test/tst-rsrc/org/eclipse/jgit/util/io/delta1.reverse
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+TcmZp5XmD5{u!xa=5hEi28?FP4
diff --git a/org.eclipse.jgit.test/tst/org/eclipse/jgit/api/ApplyCommandTest.java b/org.eclipse.jgit.test/tst/org/eclipse/jgit/api/ApplyCommandTest.java
index 055eba7184..867310b60c 100644
--- a/org.eclipse.jgit.test/tst/org/eclipse/jgit/api/ApplyCommandTest.java
+++ b/org.eclipse.jgit.test/tst/org/eclipse/jgit/api/ApplyCommandTest.java
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright (C) 2011, 2020 IBM Corporation and others
+ * Copyright (C) 2011, 2021 IBM Corporation and others
  *
  * This program and the accompanying materials are made available under the
  * terms of the Eclipse Distribution License v. 1.0 which is available at
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@
  */
 package org.eclipse.jgit.api;
 
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertArrayEquals;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
@@ -18,11 +19,20 @@ import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
 import java.io.File;
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.io.InputStream;
+import java.io.OutputStream;
+import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
+import java.nio.file.Files;
 
 import org.eclipse.jgit.api.errors.PatchApplyException;
 import org.eclipse.jgit.api.errors.PatchFormatException;
+import org.eclipse.jgit.attributes.FilterCommand;
+import org.eclipse.jgit.attributes.FilterCommandFactory;
+import org.eclipse.jgit.attributes.FilterCommandRegistry;
 import org.eclipse.jgit.diff.RawText;
 import org.eclipse.jgit.junit.RepositoryTestCase;
+import org.eclipse.jgit.lib.Config;
+import org.eclipse.jgit.lib.ConfigConstants;
+import org.eclipse.jgit.util.IO;
 import org.junit.Test;
 
 public class ApplyCommandTest extends RepositoryTestCase {
@@ -58,6 +68,260 @@ public class ApplyCommandTest extends RepositoryTestCase {
 	}
 
 	@Test
+	public void testCrLf() throws Exception {
+		try {
+			db.getConfig().setBoolean(ConfigConstants.CONFIG_CORE_SECTION, null,
+					ConfigConstants.CONFIG_KEY_AUTOCRLF, true);
+			ApplyResult result = init("crlf", true, true);
+			assertEquals(1, result.getUpdatedFiles().size());
+			assertEquals(new File(db.getWorkTree(), "crlf"),
+					result.getUpdatedFiles().get(0));
+			checkFile(new File(db.getWorkTree(), "crlf"),
+					b.getString(0, b.size(), false));
+		} finally {
+			db.getConfig().unset(ConfigConstants.CONFIG_CORE_SECTION, null,
+					ConfigConstants.CONFIG_KEY_AUTOCRLF);
+		}
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testCrLfOff() throws Exception {
+		try {
+			db.getConfig().setBoolean(ConfigConstants.CONFIG_CORE_SECTION, null,
+					ConfigConstants.CONFIG_KEY_AUTOCRLF, false);
+			ApplyResult result = init("crlf", true, true);
+			assertEquals(1, result.getUpdatedFiles().size());
+			assertEquals(new File(db.getWorkTree(), "crlf"),
+					result.getUpdatedFiles().get(0));
+			checkFile(new File(db.getWorkTree(), "crlf"),
+					b.getString(0, b.size(), false));
+		} finally {
+			db.getConfig().unset(ConfigConstants.CONFIG_CORE_SECTION, null,
+					ConfigConstants.CONFIG_KEY_AUTOCRLF);
+		}
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testCrLfEmptyCommitted() throws Exception {
+		try {
+			db.getConfig().setBoolean(ConfigConstants.CONFIG_CORE_SECTION, null,
+					ConfigConstants.CONFIG_KEY_AUTOCRLF, true);
+			ApplyResult result = init("crlf3", true, true);
+			assertEquals(1, result.getUpdatedFiles().size());
+			assertEquals(new File(db.getWorkTree(), "crlf3"),
+					result.getUpdatedFiles().get(0));
+			checkFile(new File(db.getWorkTree(), "crlf3"),
+					b.getString(0, b.size(), false));
+		} finally {
+			db.getConfig().unset(ConfigConstants.CONFIG_CORE_SECTION, null,
+					ConfigConstants.CONFIG_KEY_AUTOCRLF);
+		}
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testCrLfNewFile() throws Exception {
+		try {
+			db.getConfig().setBoolean(ConfigConstants.CONFIG_CORE_SECTION, null,
+					ConfigConstants.CONFIG_KEY_AUTOCRLF, true);
+			ApplyResult result = init("crlf4", false, true);
+			assertEquals(1, result.getUpdatedFiles().size());
+			assertEquals(new File(db.getWorkTree(), "crlf4"),
+					result.getUpdatedFiles().get(0));
+			checkFile(new File(db.getWorkTree(), "crlf4"),
+					b.getString(0, b.size(), false));
+		} finally {
+			db.getConfig().unset(ConfigConstants.CONFIG_CORE_SECTION, null,
+					ConfigConstants.CONFIG_KEY_AUTOCRLF);
+		}
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testPatchWithCrLf() throws Exception {
+		try {
+			db.getConfig().setBoolean(ConfigConstants.CONFIG_CORE_SECTION, null,
+					ConfigConstants.CONFIG_KEY_AUTOCRLF, false);
+			ApplyResult result = init("crlf2", true, true);
+			assertEquals(1, result.getUpdatedFiles().size());
+			assertEquals(new File(db.getWorkTree(), "crlf2"),
+					result.getUpdatedFiles().get(0));
+			checkFile(new File(db.getWorkTree(), "crlf2"),
+					b.getString(0, b.size(), false));
+		} finally {
+			db.getConfig().unset(ConfigConstants.CONFIG_CORE_SECTION, null,
+					ConfigConstants.CONFIG_KEY_AUTOCRLF);
+		}
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testPatchWithCrLf2() throws Exception {
+		String name = "crlf2";
+		try (Git git = new Git(db)) {
+			db.getConfig().setBoolean(ConfigConstants.CONFIG_CORE_SECTION, null,
+					ConfigConstants.CONFIG_KEY_AUTOCRLF, false);
+			a = new RawText(readFile(name + "_PreImage"));
+			write(new File(db.getWorkTree(), name),
+					a.getString(0, a.size(), false));
+
+			git.add().addFilepattern(name).call();
+			git.commit().setMessage("PreImage").call();
+
+			b = new RawText(readFile(name + "_PostImage"));
+
+			db.getConfig().setBoolean(ConfigConstants.CONFIG_CORE_SECTION, null,
+					ConfigConstants.CONFIG_KEY_AUTOCRLF, true);
+			ApplyResult result = git.apply()
+					.setPatch(getTestResource(name + ".patch")).call();
+			assertEquals(1, result.getUpdatedFiles().size());
+			assertEquals(new File(db.getWorkTree(), name),
+					result.getUpdatedFiles().get(0));
+			checkFile(new File(db.getWorkTree(), name),
+					b.getString(0, b.size(), false));
+		} finally {
+			db.getConfig().unset(ConfigConstants.CONFIG_CORE_SECTION, null,
+					ConfigConstants.CONFIG_KEY_AUTOCRLF);
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Clean/smudge filter for testFiltering. The smudgetest test resources were
+	// created with C git using a clean filter sed -e "s/A/E/g" and the smudge
+	// filter sed -e "s/E/A/g". To keep the test independent of the presence of
+	// sed, implement this with a built-in filter.
+	private static class ReplaceFilter extends FilterCommand {
+
+		private final char toReplace;
+
+		private final char replacement;
+
+		ReplaceFilter(InputStream in, OutputStream out, char toReplace,
+				char replacement) {
+			super(in, out);
+			this.toReplace = toReplace;
+			this.replacement = replacement;
+		}
+
+		@Override
+		public int run() throws IOException {
+			int b = in.read();
+			if (b < 0) {
+				in.close();
+				out.close();
+				return -1;
+			}
+			if ((b & 0xFF) == toReplace) {
+				b = replacement;
+			}
+			out.write(b);
+			return 1;
+		}
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testFiltering() throws Exception {
+		// Set up filter
+		FilterCommandFactory clean = (repo, in, out) -> {
+			return new ReplaceFilter(in, out, 'A', 'E');
+		};
+		FilterCommandFactory smudge = (repo, in, out) -> {
+			return new ReplaceFilter(in, out, 'E', 'A');
+		};
+		FilterCommandRegistry.register("jgit://builtin/a2e/clean", clean);
+		FilterCommandRegistry.register("jgit://builtin/a2e/smudge", smudge);
+		try (Git git = new Git(db)) {
+			Config config = db.getConfig();
+			config.setString(ConfigConstants.CONFIG_FILTER_SECTION, "a2e",
+					"clean", "jgit://builtin/a2e/clean");
+			config.setString(ConfigConstants.CONFIG_FILTER_SECTION, "a2e",
+					"smudge", "jgit://builtin/a2e/smudge");
+			write(new File(db.getWorkTree(), ".gitattributes"),
+					"smudgetest filter=a2e");
+			git.add().addFilepattern(".gitattributes").call();
+			git.commit().setMessage("Attributes").call();
+			ApplyResult result = init("smudgetest", true, true);
+			assertEquals(1, result.getUpdatedFiles().size());
+			assertEquals(new File(db.getWorkTree(), "smudgetest"),
+					result.getUpdatedFiles().get(0));
+			checkFile(new File(db.getWorkTree(), "smudgetest"),
+					b.getString(0, b.size(), false));
+
+		} finally {
+			// Tear down filter
+			FilterCommandRegistry.unregister("jgit://builtin/a2e/clean");
+			FilterCommandRegistry.unregister("jgit://builtin/a2e/smudge");
+		}
+	}
+
+	private void checkBinary(String name, boolean hasPreImage)
+			throws Exception {
+		checkBinary(name, hasPreImage, 1);
+	}
+
+	private void checkBinary(String name, boolean hasPreImage,
+			int numberOfFiles) throws Exception {
+		try (Git git = new Git(db)) {
+			byte[] post = IO
+					.readWholeStream(getTestResource(name + "_PostImage"), 0)
+					.array();
+			File f = new File(db.getWorkTree(), name);
+			if (hasPreImage) {
+				byte[] pre = IO
+						.readWholeStream(getTestResource(name + "_PreImage"), 0)
+						.array();
+				Files.write(f.toPath(), pre);
+				git.add().addFilepattern(name).call();
+				git.commit().setMessage("PreImage").call();
+			}
+			ApplyResult result = git.apply()
+					.setPatch(getTestResource(name + ".patch")).call();
+			assertEquals(numberOfFiles, result.getUpdatedFiles().size());
+			assertEquals(f, result.getUpdatedFiles().get(0));
+			assertArrayEquals(post, Files.readAllBytes(f.toPath()));
+		}
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testBinaryDelta() throws Exception {
+		checkBinary("delta", true);
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testBinaryLiteral() throws Exception {
+		checkBinary("literal", true);
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testBinaryLiteralAdd() throws Exception {
+		checkBinary("literal_add", false);
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testEncodingChange() throws Exception {
+		// This is a text patch that changes a file containing ÄÖÜ in UTF-8 to
+		// the same characters in ISO-8859-1. The patch file itself uses mixed
+		// encoding. Since checkFile() works with strings use the binary check.
+		checkBinary("umlaut", true);
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testEmptyLine() throws Exception {
+		// C git accepts completely empty lines as empty context lines.
+		// According to comments in the C git sources (apply.c), newer GNU diff
+		// may produce such diffs.
+		checkBinary("emptyLine", true);
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testMultiFileNoNewline() throws Exception {
+		// This test needs two files. One is in the test resources.
+		try (Git git = new Git(db)) {
+			Files.write(db.getWorkTree().toPath().resolve("yello"),
+					"yello".getBytes(StandardCharsets.US_ASCII));
+			git.add().addFilepattern("yello").call();
+			git.commit().setMessage("yello").call();
+		}
+		checkBinary("hello", true, 2);
+	}
+
+	@Test
 	public void testAddA1() throws Exception {
 		ApplyResult result = init("A1", false, true);
 		assertEquals(1, result.getUpdatedFiles().size());
diff --git a/org.eclipse.jgit.test/tst/org/eclipse/jgit/gitrepo/RepoCommandTest.java b/org.eclipse.jgit.test/tst/org/eclipse/jgit/gitrepo/RepoCommandTest.java
index ae4db0b7d8..509adc2cb2 100644
--- a/org.eclipse.jgit.test/tst/org/eclipse/jgit/gitrepo/RepoCommandTest.java
+++ b/org.eclipse.jgit.test/tst/org/eclipse/jgit/gitrepo/RepoCommandTest.java
@@ -46,6 +46,8 @@ import org.eclipse.jgit.revwalk.RevCommit;
 import org.eclipse.jgit.storage.file.FileBasedConfig;
 import org.eclipse.jgit.treewalk.TreeWalk;
 import org.eclipse.jgit.util.FS;
+import org.eclipse.jgit.util.IO;
+import org.eclipse.jgit.util.RawParseUtils;
 import org.junit.Test;
 
 public class RepoCommandTest extends RepositoryTestCase {
@@ -749,7 +751,53 @@ public class RepoCommandTest extends RepositoryTestCase {
 			String gitlink = localDb.resolve(Constants.HEAD + ":foo").name();
 			assertEquals("The gitlink is same as remote head",
 					oldCommitId.name(), gitlink);
+
+			File dotmodules = new File(localDb.getWorkTree(),
+					Constants.DOT_GIT_MODULES);
+			assertTrue(dotmodules.exists());
+			// The .gitmodules file should have "branch" lines
+			String gitModulesContents = RawParseUtils
+					.decode(IO.readFully(dotmodules));
+			assertTrue(gitModulesContents.contains("branch = branch"));
+		}
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testRevisionBare_ignoreTags() throws Exception {
+		Repository remoteDb = createBareRepository();
+		Repository tempDb = createWorkRepository();
+
+		StringBuilder xmlContent = new StringBuilder();
+		xmlContent.append("<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\"?>\n")
+				.append("<manifest>")
+				.append("<remote name=\"remote1\" fetch=\".\" />")
+				.append("<default revision=\"").append("refs/tags/" + TAG)
+				.append("\" remote=\"remote1\" />")
+				.append("<project path=\"foo\" name=\"")
+				.append(defaultUri)
+				.append("\" />").append("</manifest>");
+		JGitTestUtil.writeTrashFile(tempDb, "manifest.xml",
+				xmlContent.toString());
+		RepoCommand command = new RepoCommand(remoteDb);
+		command.setPath(
+				tempDb.getWorkTree().getAbsolutePath() + "/manifest.xml")
+				.setURI(rootUri).call();
+		// Clone it
+		File directory = createTempDirectory("testReplaceManifestBare");
+		File dotmodules;
+		try (Repository localDb = Git.cloneRepository().setDirectory(directory)
+				.setURI(remoteDb.getDirectory().toURI().toString()).call()
+				.getRepository()) {
+			dotmodules = new File(localDb.getWorkTree(),
+					Constants.DOT_GIT_MODULES);
+			assertTrue(dotmodules.exists());
 		}
+
+		// The .gitmodules file should not have "branch" lines
+		String gitModulesContents = RawParseUtils
+				.decode(IO.readFully(dotmodules));
+		assertFalse(gitModulesContents.contains("branch"));
+		assertTrue(gitModulesContents.contains("ref = refs/tags/" + TAG));
 	}
 
 	@Test
diff --git a/org.eclipse.jgit.test/tst/org/eclipse/jgit/util/Base85Test.java b/org.eclipse.jgit.test/tst/org/eclipse/jgit/util/Base85Test.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a49878cc76
--- /dev/null
+++ b/org.eclipse.jgit.test/tst/org/eclipse/jgit/util/Base85Test.java
@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2021 Thomas Wolf <thomas.wolf@paranor.ch> and others
+ *
+ * This program and the accompanying materials are made available under the
+ * terms of the Eclipse Distribution License v. 1.0 which is available at
+ * https://www.eclipse.org/org/documents/edl-v10.php.
+ *
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+ */
+package org.eclipse.jgit.util;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertArrayEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotNull;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertThrows;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+
+import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
+
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+/**
+ * Tests for {@link Base85}.
+ */
+public class Base85Test {
+
+	private static final String VALID_CHARS = "0123456789"
+			+ "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
+			+ "!#$%&()*+-;<=>?@^_`{|}~";
+
+	@Test
+	public void testChars() {
+		for (int i = 0; i < 256; i++) {
+			byte[] testData = { '1', '2', '3', '4', (byte) i };
+			if (VALID_CHARS.indexOf(i) >= 0) {
+				byte[] decoded = Base85.decode(testData, 4);
+				assertNotNull(decoded);
+			} else {
+				assertThrows(IllegalArgumentException.class,
+						() -> Base85.decode(testData, 4));
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	private void roundtrip(byte[] data, int expectedLength) {
+		byte[] encoded = Base85.encode(data);
+		assertEquals(expectedLength, encoded.length);
+		assertArrayEquals(data, Base85.decode(encoded, data.length));
+	}
+
+	private void roundtrip(String data, int expectedLength) {
+		roundtrip(data.getBytes(StandardCharsets.US_ASCII), expectedLength);
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testPadding() {
+		roundtrip("", 0);
+		roundtrip("a", 5);
+		roundtrip("ab", 5);
+		roundtrip("abc", 5);
+		roundtrip("abcd", 5);
+		roundtrip("abcde", 10);
+		roundtrip("abcdef", 10);
+		roundtrip("abcdefg", 10);
+		roundtrip("abcdefgh", 10);
+		roundtrip("abcdefghi", 15);
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testBinary() {
+		roundtrip(new byte[] { 1 }, 5);
+		roundtrip(new byte[] { 1, 2 }, 5);
+		roundtrip(new byte[] { 1, 2, 3 }, 5);
+		roundtrip(new byte[] { 1, 2, 3, 4 }, 5);
+		roundtrip(new byte[] { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 }, 10);
+		roundtrip(new byte[] { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 0, 0, 0 }, 10);
+		roundtrip(new byte[] { 1, 2, 3, 4, 0, 0, 0, 5 }, 10);
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testOverflow() {
+		IllegalArgumentException e = assertThrows(
+				IllegalArgumentException.class,
+				() -> Base85.decode(new byte[] { '~', '~', '~', '~', '~' }, 4));
+		assertTrue(e.getMessage().contains("overflow"));
+	}
+}
diff --git a/org.eclipse.jgit.test/tst/org/eclipse/jgit/util/io/BinaryDeltaInputStreamTest.java b/org.eclipse.jgit.test/tst/org/eclipse/jgit/util/io/BinaryDeltaInputStreamTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d9297fcd9c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/org.eclipse.jgit.test/tst/org/eclipse/jgit/util/io/BinaryDeltaInputStreamTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2021 Thomas Wolf <thomas.wolf@paranor.ch> and others
+ *
+ * This program and the accompanying materials are made available under the
+ * terms of the Eclipse Distribution License v. 1.0 which is available at
+ * https://www.eclipse.org/org/documents/edl-v10.php.
+ *
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+ */
+package org.eclipse.jgit.util.io;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertArrayEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+
+import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
+import java.io.InputStream;
+import java.util.zip.InflaterInputStream;
+
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+/**
+ * Crude tests for the {@link BinaryDeltaInputStream} using delta diffs
+ * generated by C git.
+ */
+public class BinaryDeltaInputStreamTest {
+
+	private InputStream getBinaryHunk(String name) {
+		return this.getClass().getResourceAsStream(name);
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testBinaryDelta() throws Exception {
+		// Prepare our test data
+		byte[] data = new byte[8192];
+		for (int i = 0; i < data.length; i++) {
+			data[i] = (byte) (255 - (i % 256));
+		}
+		// Same, but with five 'x' inserted in the middle.
+		int middle = data.length / 2;
+		byte[] newData = new byte[data.length + 5];
+		System.arraycopy(data, 0, newData, 0, middle);
+		for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
+			newData[middle + i] = 'x';
+		}
+		System.arraycopy(data, middle, newData, middle + 5, middle);
+		// delta1.forward has the instructions
+		// @formatter:off
+		// COPY 0 4096
+		// INSERT 5 xxxxx
+		// COPY 0 4096
+		// @formatter:on
+		// Note that the way we built newData could be expressed as
+		// @formatter:off
+		// COPY 0 4096
+		// INSERT 5 xxxxx
+		// COPY 4096 4096
+		// @formatter:on
+		try (ByteArrayOutputStream out = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+				BinaryDeltaInputStream input = new BinaryDeltaInputStream(data,
+						new InflaterInputStream(new BinaryHunkInputStream(
+								getBinaryHunk("delta1.forward"))))) {
+			byte[] buf = new byte[1024];
+			int n;
+			while ((n = input.read(buf)) >= 0) {
+				out.write(buf, 0, n);
+			}
+			assertArrayEquals(newData, out.toByteArray());
+			assertTrue(input.isFullyConsumed());
+		}
+		// delta1.reverse has the instructions
+		// @formatter:off
+		// COPY 0 4096
+		// COPY 256 3840
+		// COPY 256 256
+		// @formatter:on
+		// Note that there are alternatives, for instance
+		// @formatter:off
+		// COPY 0 4096
+		// COPY 4101 4096
+		// @formatter:on
+		// or
+		// @formatter:off
+		// COPY 0 4096
+		// COPY 0 4096
+		// @formatter:on
+		try (ByteArrayOutputStream out = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+				BinaryDeltaInputStream input = new BinaryDeltaInputStream(
+						newData,
+						new InflaterInputStream(new BinaryHunkInputStream(
+								getBinaryHunk("delta1.reverse"))))) {
+			long expectedSize = input.getExpectedResultSize();
+			assertEquals(data.length, expectedSize);
+			byte[] buf = new byte[1024];
+			int n;
+			while ((n = input.read(buf)) >= 0) {
+				out.write(buf, 0, n);
+			}
+			assertArrayEquals(data, out.toByteArray());
+			assertTrue(input.isFullyConsumed());
+		}
+	}
+}
diff --git a/org.eclipse.jgit.test/tst/org/eclipse/jgit/util/io/BinaryHunkStreamTest.java b/org.eclipse.jgit.test/tst/org/eclipse/jgit/util/io/BinaryHunkStreamTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b198c32a78
--- /dev/null
+++ b/org.eclipse.jgit.test/tst/org/eclipse/jgit/util/io/BinaryHunkStreamTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,146 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2021 Thomas Wolf <thomas.wolf@paranor.ch> and others
+ *
+ * This program and the accompanying materials are made available under the
+ * terms of the Eclipse Distribution License v. 1.0 which is available at
+ * https://www.eclipse.org/org/documents/edl-v10.php.
+ *
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+ */
+package org.eclipse.jgit.util.io;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertArrayEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+
+import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
+import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+/**
+ * Tests for {@link BinaryHunkInputStream} and {@link BinaryHunkOutputStream}.
+ */
+public class BinaryHunkStreamTest {
+
+	@Test
+	public void testRoundtripWholeBuffer() throws IOException {
+		for (int length = 1; length < 520 + 52; length++) {
+			byte[] data = new byte[length];
+			for (int i = 0; i < data.length; i++) {
+				data[i] = (byte) (255 - (i % 256));
+			}
+			try (ByteArrayOutputStream bos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+					BinaryHunkOutputStream out = new BinaryHunkOutputStream(
+							bos)) {
+				out.write(data);
+				out.flush();
+				byte[] encoded = bos.toByteArray();
+				assertFalse(Arrays.equals(data, encoded));
+				try (BinaryHunkInputStream in = new BinaryHunkInputStream(
+						new ByteArrayInputStream(encoded))) {
+					byte[] decoded = new byte[data.length];
+					int newLength = in.read(decoded);
+					assertEquals(newLength, decoded.length);
+					assertEquals(-1, in.read());
+					assertArrayEquals(data, decoded);
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testRoundtripChunks() throws IOException {
+		for (int length = 1; length < 520 + 52; length++) {
+			byte[] data = new byte[length];
+			for (int i = 0; i < data.length; i++) {
+				data[i] = (byte) (255 - (i % 256));
+			}
+			try (ByteArrayOutputStream bos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+					BinaryHunkOutputStream out = new BinaryHunkOutputStream(
+							bos)) {
+				out.write(data, 0, data.length / 2);
+				out.write(data, data.length / 2, data.length - data.length / 2);
+				out.flush();
+				byte[] encoded = bos.toByteArray();
+				assertFalse(Arrays.equals(data, encoded));
+				try (BinaryHunkInputStream in = new BinaryHunkInputStream(
+						new ByteArrayInputStream(encoded))) {
+					byte[] decoded = new byte[data.length];
+					int p = 0;
+					int n;
+					while ((n = in.read(decoded, p,
+							Math.min(decoded.length - p, 57))) >= 0) {
+						p += n;
+						if (p == decoded.length) {
+							break;
+						}
+					}
+					assertEquals(p, decoded.length);
+					assertEquals(-1, in.read());
+					assertArrayEquals(data, decoded);
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testRoundtripBytes() throws IOException {
+		for (int length = 1; length < 520 + 52; length++) {
+			byte[] data = new byte[length];
+			for (int i = 0; i < data.length; i++) {
+				data[i] = (byte) (255 - (i % 256));
+			}
+			try (ByteArrayOutputStream bos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+					BinaryHunkOutputStream out = new BinaryHunkOutputStream(
+							bos)) {
+				for (int i = 0; i < data.length; i++) {
+					out.write(data[i]);
+				}
+				out.flush();
+				byte[] encoded = bos.toByteArray();
+				assertFalse(Arrays.equals(data, encoded));
+				try (BinaryHunkInputStream in = new BinaryHunkInputStream(
+						new ByteArrayInputStream(encoded))) {
+					byte[] decoded = new byte[data.length];
+					for (int i = 0; i < decoded.length; i++) {
+						int val = in.read();
+						assertTrue(0 <= val && val <= 255);
+						decoded[i] = (byte) val;
+					}
+					assertEquals(-1, in.read());
+					assertArrayEquals(data, decoded);
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testRoundtripWithClose() throws IOException {
+		for (int length = 1; length < 520 + 52; length++) {
+			byte[] data = new byte[length];
+			for (int i = 0; i < data.length; i++) {
+				data[i] = (byte) (255 - (i % 256));
+			}
+			try (ByteArrayOutputStream bos = new ByteArrayOutputStream()) {
+				try (BinaryHunkOutputStream out = new BinaryHunkOutputStream(
+						bos)) {
+					out.write(data);
+				}
+				byte[] encoded = bos.toByteArray();
+				assertFalse(Arrays.equals(data, encoded));
+				try (BinaryHunkInputStream in = new BinaryHunkInputStream(
+						new ByteArrayInputStream(encoded))) {
+					byte[] decoded = new byte[data.length];
+					int newLength = in.read(decoded);
+					assertEquals(newLength, decoded.length);
+					assertEquals(-1, in.read());
+					assertArrayEquals(data, decoded);
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
diff --git a/org.eclipse.jgit/.settings/.api_filters b/org.eclipse.jgit/.settings/.api_filters
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..33331fbab7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/org.eclipse.jgit/.settings/.api_filters
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
+<component id="org.eclipse.jgit" version="2">
+    <resource path="src/org/eclipse/jgit/transport/SshConstants.java" type="org.eclipse.jgit.transport.SshConstants">
+        <filter id="1142947843">
+            <message_arguments>
+                <message_argument value="5.11.1"/>
+                <message_argument value="PUBKEY_ACCEPTED_ALGORITHMS"/>
+            </message_arguments>
+        </filter>
+    </resource>
+</component>
diff --git a/org.eclipse.jgit/resources/org/eclipse/jgit/internal/JGitText.properties b/org.eclipse.jgit/resources/org/eclipse/jgit/internal/JGitText.properties
index 2fa8713daa..962324e0f7 100644
--- a/org.eclipse.jgit/resources/org/eclipse/jgit/internal/JGitText.properties
+++ b/org.eclipse.jgit/resources/org/eclipse/jgit/internal/JGitText.properties
@@ -13,6 +13,9 @@ ambiguousObjectAbbreviation=Object abbreviation {0} is ambiguous
 aNewObjectIdIsRequired=A NewObjectId is required.
 anExceptionOccurredWhileTryingToAddTheIdOfHEAD=An exception occurred while trying to add the Id of HEAD
 anSSHSessionHasBeenAlreadyCreated=An SSH session has been already created
+applyBinaryBaseOidWrong=Cannot apply binary patch; OID for file {0} does not match
+applyBinaryOidTooShort=Binary patch for file {0} does not have full IDs
+applyBinaryResultOidWrong=Result of binary patch for file {0} has wrong OID.
 applyingCommit=Applying {0}
 archiveFormatAlreadyAbsent=Archive format already absent: {0}
 archiveFormatAlreadyRegistered=Archive format already registered with different implementation: {0}
@@ -37,7 +40,19 @@ badRef=Bad ref: {0}: {1}
 badSectionEntry=Bad section entry: {0}
 badShallowLine=Bad shallow line: {0}
 bareRepositoryNoWorkdirAndIndex=Bare Repository has neither a working tree, nor an index
+base85invalidChar=Invalid base-85 character: 0x{0}
+base85length=Base-85 encoded data must have a length that is a multiple of 5
+base85overflow=Base-85 value overflow, does not fit into 32 bits: 0x{0}
+base85tooLong=Extra base-85 encoded data for output size of {0} bytes
+base85tooShort=Base-85 data decoded into less than {0} bytes
 baseLengthIncorrect=base length incorrect
+binaryDeltaBaseLengthMismatch=Binary delta base length does not match, expected {0}, got {1}
+binaryDeltaInvalidOffset=Binary delta offset + length too large: {0} + {1}
+binaryDeltaInvalidResultLength=Binary delta expected result length is negative
+binaryHunkDecodeError=Binary hunk, line {0}: invalid input
+binaryHunkInvalidLength=Binary hunk, line {0}: input corrupt; expected length byte, got 0x{1}
+binaryHunkLineTooShort=Binary hunk, line {0}: input ended prematurely
+binaryHunkMissingNewline=Binary hunk, line {0}: input line not terminated by newline
 bitmapMissingObject=Bitmap at {0} is missing {1}.
 bitmapsMustBePrepared=Bitmaps must be prepared before they may be written.
 blameNotCommittedYet=Not Committed Yet
diff --git a/org.eclipse.jgit/src/org/eclipse/jgit/api/ApplyCommand.java b/org.eclipse.jgit/src/org/eclipse/jgit/api/ApplyCommand.java
index e228e8276a..583767af3f 100644
--- a/org.eclipse.jgit/src/org/eclipse/jgit/api/ApplyCommand.java
+++ b/org.eclipse.jgit/src/org/eclipse/jgit/api/ApplyCommand.java
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright (C) 2011, 2020 IBM Corporation and others
+ * Copyright (C) 2011, 2021 IBM Corporation and others
  *
  * This program and the accompanying materials are made available under the
  * terms of the Eclipse Distribution License v. 1.0 which is available at
@@ -9,29 +9,68 @@
  */
 package org.eclipse.jgit.api;
 
+import java.io.BufferedInputStream;
+import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
 import java.io.File;
+import java.io.FileInputStream;
+import java.io.FileOutputStream;
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.io.InputStream;
-import java.io.Writer;
+import java.io.OutputStream;
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
 import java.nio.file.Files;
 import java.nio.file.StandardCopyOption;
 import java.text.MessageFormat;
 import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.Iterator;
 import java.util.List;
+import java.util.zip.InflaterInputStream;
 
+import org.eclipse.jgit.api.errors.FilterFailedException;
 import org.eclipse.jgit.api.errors.GitAPIException;
 import org.eclipse.jgit.api.errors.PatchApplyException;
 import org.eclipse.jgit.api.errors.PatchFormatException;
+import org.eclipse.jgit.attributes.FilterCommand;
+import org.eclipse.jgit.attributes.FilterCommandRegistry;
 import org.eclipse.jgit.diff.DiffEntry.ChangeType;
 import org.eclipse.jgit.diff.RawText;
+import org.eclipse.jgit.dircache.DirCache;
+import org.eclipse.jgit.dircache.DirCacheCheckout;
+import org.eclipse.jgit.dircache.DirCacheCheckout.CheckoutMetadata;
+import org.eclipse.jgit.dircache.DirCacheIterator;
+import org.eclipse.jgit.errors.LargeObjectException;
+import org.eclipse.jgit.errors.MissingObjectException;
 import org.eclipse.jgit.internal.JGitText;
+import org.eclipse.jgit.lib.Constants;
+import org.eclipse.jgit.lib.CoreConfig.EolStreamType;
 import org.eclipse.jgit.lib.FileMode;
+import org.eclipse.jgit.lib.ObjectId;
+import org.eclipse.jgit.lib.ObjectLoader;
+import org.eclipse.jgit.lib.ObjectStream;
 import org.eclipse.jgit.lib.Repository;
+import org.eclipse.jgit.patch.BinaryHunk;
 import org.eclipse.jgit.patch.FileHeader;
+import org.eclipse.jgit.patch.FileHeader.PatchType;
 import org.eclipse.jgit.patch.HunkHeader;
 import org.eclipse.jgit.patch.Patch;
+import org.eclipse.jgit.treewalk.FileTreeIterator;
+import org.eclipse.jgit.treewalk.TreeWalk;
+import org.eclipse.jgit.treewalk.TreeWalk.OperationType;
+import org.eclipse.jgit.treewalk.filter.AndTreeFilter;
+import org.eclipse.jgit.treewalk.filter.NotIgnoredFilter;
+import org.eclipse.jgit.treewalk.filter.PathFilterGroup;
+import org.eclipse.jgit.util.FS;
+import org.eclipse.jgit.util.FS.ExecutionResult;
 import org.eclipse.jgit.util.FileUtils;
+import org.eclipse.jgit.util.IO;
+import org.eclipse.jgit.util.RawParseUtils;
+import org.eclipse.jgit.util.StringUtils;
+import org.eclipse.jgit.util.TemporaryBuffer;
+import org.eclipse.jgit.util.TemporaryBuffer.LocalFile;
+import org.eclipse.jgit.util.io.BinaryDeltaInputStream;
+import org.eclipse.jgit.util.io.BinaryHunkInputStream;
+import org.eclipse.jgit.util.io.EolStreamTypeUtil;
+import org.eclipse.jgit.util.sha1.SHA1;
 
 /**
  * Apply a patch to files and/or to the index.
@@ -45,7 +84,7 @@ public class ApplyCommand extends GitCommand<ApplyResult> {
 	private InputStream in;
 
 	/**
-	 * Constructs the command if the patch is to be applied to the index.
+	 * Constructs the command.
 	 *
 	 * @param repo
 	 */
@@ -79,6 +118,7 @@ public class ApplyCommand extends GitCommand<ApplyResult> {
 	public ApplyResult call() throws GitAPIException, PatchFormatException,
 			PatchApplyException {
 		checkCallable();
+		setCallable(false);
 		ApplyResult r = new ApplyResult();
 		try {
 			final Patch p = new Patch();
@@ -87,19 +127,22 @@ public class ApplyCommand extends GitCommand<ApplyResult> {
 			} finally {
 				in.close();
 			}
-			if (!p.getErrors().isEmpty())
+			if (!p.getErrors().isEmpty()) {
 				throw new PatchFormatException(p.getErrors());
+			}
+			Repository repository = getRepository();
+			DirCache cache = repository.readDirCache();
 			for (FileHeader fh : p.getFiles()) {
 				ChangeType type = fh.getChangeType();
 				File f = null;
 				switch (type) {
 				case ADD:
 					f = getFile(fh.getNewPath(), true);
-					apply(f, fh);
+					apply(repository, fh.getNewPath(), cache, f, fh);
 					break;
 				case MODIFY:
 					f = getFile(fh.getOldPath(), false);
-					apply(f, fh);
+					apply(repository, fh.getOldPath(), cache, f, fh);
 					break;
 				case DELETE:
 					f = getFile(fh.getOldPath(), false);
@@ -118,14 +161,14 @@ public class ApplyCommand extends GitCommand<ApplyResult> {
 						throw new PatchApplyException(MessageFormat.format(
 								JGitText.get().renameFileFailed, f, dest), e);
 					}
-					apply(dest, fh);
+					apply(repository, fh.getOldPath(), cache, dest, fh);
 					break;
 				case COPY:
 					f = getFile(fh.getOldPath(), false);
 					File target = getFile(fh.getNewPath(), false);
 					FileUtils.mkdirs(target.getParentFile(), true);
 					Files.copy(f.toPath(), target.toPath());
-					apply(target, fh);
+					apply(repository, fh.getOldPath(), cache, target, fh);
 				}
 				r.addUpdatedFile(f);
 			}
@@ -133,14 +176,13 @@ public class ApplyCommand extends GitCommand<ApplyResult> {
 			throw new PatchApplyException(MessageFormat.format(
 					JGitText.get().patchApplyException, e.getMessage()), e);
 		}
-		setCallable(false);
 		return r;
 	}
 
 	private File getFile(String path, boolean create)
 			throws PatchApplyException {
 		File f = new File(getRepository().getWorkTree(), path);
-		if (create)
+		if (create) {
 			try {
 				File parent = f.getParentFile();
 				FileUtils.mkdirs(parent, true);
@@ -149,22 +191,366 @@ public class ApplyCommand extends GitCommand<ApplyResult> {
 				throw new PatchApplyException(MessageFormat.format(
 						JGitText.get().createNewFileFailed, f), e);
 			}
+		}
 		return f;
 	}
 
+	private void apply(Repository repository, String path, DirCache cache,
+			File f, FileHeader fh) throws IOException, PatchApplyException {
+		if (PatchType.BINARY.equals(fh.getPatchType())) {
+			return;
+		}
+		boolean convertCrLf = needsCrLfConversion(f, fh);
+		// Use a TreeWalk with a DirCacheIterator to pick up the correct
+		// clean/smudge filters. CR-LF handling is completely determined by
+		// whether the file or the patch have CR-LF line endings.
+		try (TreeWalk walk = new TreeWalk(repository)) {
+			walk.setOperationType(OperationType.CHECKIN_OP);
+			FileTreeIterator files = new FileTreeIterator(repository);
+			int fileIdx = walk.addTree(files);
+			int cacheIdx = walk.addTree(new DirCacheIterator(cache));
+			files.setDirCacheIterator(walk, cacheIdx);
+			walk.setFilter(AndTreeFilter.create(
+					PathFilterGroup.createFromStrings(path),
+					new NotIgnoredFilter(fileIdx)));
+			walk.setRecursive(true);
+			if (walk.next()) {
+				// If the file on disk has no newline characters, convertCrLf
+				// will be false. In that case we want to honor the normal git
+				// settings.
+				EolStreamType streamType = convertCrLf ? EolStreamType.TEXT_CRLF
+						: walk.getEolStreamType(OperationType.CHECKOUT_OP);
+				String command = walk.getFilterCommand(
+						Constants.ATTR_FILTER_TYPE_SMUDGE);
+				CheckoutMetadata checkOut = new CheckoutMetadata(streamType, command);
+				FileTreeIterator file = walk.getTree(fileIdx,
+						FileTreeIterator.class);
+				if (file != null) {
+					if (PatchType.GIT_BINARY.equals(fh.getPatchType())) {
+						applyBinary(repository, path, f, fh,
+								file::openEntryStream, file.getEntryObjectId(),
+								checkOut);
+					} else {
+						command = walk.getFilterCommand(
+								Constants.ATTR_FILTER_TYPE_CLEAN);
+						RawText raw;
+						// Can't use file.openEntryStream() as it would do CR-LF
+						// conversion as usual, not as wanted by us.
+						try (InputStream input = filterClean(repository, path,
+								new FileInputStream(f), convertCrLf, command)) {
+							raw = new RawText(
+									IO.readWholeStream(input, 0).array());
+						}
+						applyText(repository, path, raw, f, fh, checkOut);
+					}
+					return;
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		// File ignored?
+		RawText raw;
+		CheckoutMetadata checkOut;
+		if (PatchType.GIT_BINARY.equals(fh.getPatchType())) {
+			checkOut = new CheckoutMetadata(EolStreamType.DIRECT, null);
+			applyBinary(repository, path, f, fh, () -> new FileInputStream(f),
+					null, checkOut);
+		} else {
+			if (convertCrLf) {
+				try (InputStream input = EolStreamTypeUtil.wrapInputStream(
+						new FileInputStream(f), EolStreamType.TEXT_LF)) {
+					raw = new RawText(IO.readWholeStream(input, 0).array());
+				}
+				checkOut = new CheckoutMetadata(EolStreamType.TEXT_CRLF, null);
+			} else {
+				raw = new RawText(f);
+				checkOut = new CheckoutMetadata(EolStreamType.DIRECT, null);
+			}
+			applyText(repository, path, raw, f, fh, checkOut);
+		}
+	}
+
+	private boolean needsCrLfConversion(File f, FileHeader fileHeader)
+			throws IOException {
+		if (PatchType.GIT_BINARY.equals(fileHeader.getPatchType())) {
+			return false;
+		}
+		if (!hasCrLf(fileHeader)) {
+			try (InputStream input = new FileInputStream(f)) {
+				return RawText.isCrLfText(input);
+			}
+		}
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	private static boolean hasCrLf(FileHeader fileHeader) {
+		if (PatchType.GIT_BINARY.equals(fileHeader.getPatchType())) {
+			return false;
+		}
+		for (HunkHeader header : fileHeader.getHunks()) {
+			byte[] buf = header.getBuffer();
+			int hunkEnd = header.getEndOffset();
+			int lineStart = header.getStartOffset();
+			while (lineStart < hunkEnd) {
+				int nextLineStart = RawParseUtils.nextLF(buf, lineStart);
+				if (nextLineStart > hunkEnd) {
+					nextLineStart = hunkEnd;
+				}
+				if (nextLineStart <= lineStart) {
+					break;
+				}
+				if (nextLineStart - lineStart > 1) {
+					char first = (char) (buf[lineStart] & 0xFF);
+					if (first == ' ' || first == '-') {
+						// It's an old line. Does it end in CR-LF?
+						if (buf[nextLineStart - 2] == '\r') {
+							return true;
+						}
+					}
+				}
+				lineStart = nextLineStart;
+			}
+		}
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	private InputStream filterClean(Repository repository, String path,
+			InputStream fromFile, boolean convertCrLf, String filterCommand)
+			throws IOException {
+		InputStream input = fromFile;
+		if (convertCrLf) {
+			input = EolStreamTypeUtil.wrapInputStream(input,
+					EolStreamType.TEXT_LF);
+		}
+		if (StringUtils.isEmptyOrNull(filterCommand)) {
+			return input;
+		}
+		if (FilterCommandRegistry.isRegistered(filterCommand)) {
+			LocalFile buffer = new TemporaryBuffer.LocalFile(null);
+			FilterCommand command = FilterCommandRegistry.createFilterCommand(
+					filterCommand, repository, input, buffer);
+			while (command.run() != -1) {
+				// loop as long as command.run() tells there is work to do
+			}
+			return buffer.openInputStreamWithAutoDestroy();
+		}
+		FS fs = repository.getFS();
+		ProcessBuilder filterProcessBuilder = fs.runInShell(filterCommand,
+				new String[0]);
+		filterProcessBuilder.directory(repository.getWorkTree());
+		filterProcessBuilder.environment().put(Constants.GIT_DIR_KEY,
+				repository.getDirectory().getAbsolutePath());
+		ExecutionResult result;
+		try {
+			result = fs.execute(filterProcessBuilder, in);
+		} catch (IOException | InterruptedException e) {
+			throw new IOException(
+					new FilterFailedException(e, filterCommand, path));
+		}
+		int rc = result.getRc();
+		if (rc != 0) {
+			throw new IOException(new FilterFailedException(rc, filterCommand,
+					path, result.getStdout().toByteArray(4096), RawParseUtils
+							.decode(result.getStderr().toByteArray(4096))));
+		}
+		return result.getStdout().openInputStreamWithAutoDestroy();
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Something that can supply an {@link InputStream}.
+	 */
+	private interface StreamSupplier {
+		InputStream load() throws IOException;
+	}
+
 	/**
-	 * @param f
-	 * @param fh
-	 * @throws IOException
-	 * @throws PatchApplyException
+	 * We write the patch result to a {@link TemporaryBuffer} and then use
+	 * {@link DirCacheCheckout}.getContent() to run the result through the CR-LF
+	 * and smudge filters. DirCacheCheckout needs an ObjectLoader, not a
+	 * TemporaryBuffer, so this class bridges between the two, making any Stream
+	 * provided by a {@link StreamSupplier} look like an ordinary git blob to
+	 * DirCacheCheckout.
 	 */
-	private void apply(File f, FileHeader fh)
+	private static class StreamLoader extends ObjectLoader {
+
+		private StreamSupplier data;
+
+		private long size;
+
+		StreamLoader(StreamSupplier data, long length) {
+			this.data = data;
+			this.size = length;
+		}
+
+		@Override
+		public int getType() {
+			return Constants.OBJ_BLOB;
+		}
+
+		@Override
+		public long getSize() {
+			return size;
+		}
+
+		@Override
+		public boolean isLarge() {
+			return true;
+		}
+
+		@Override
+		public byte[] getCachedBytes() throws LargeObjectException {
+			throw new LargeObjectException();
+		}
+
+		@Override
+		public ObjectStream openStream()
+				throws MissingObjectException, IOException {
+			return new ObjectStream.Filter(getType(), getSize(),
+					new BufferedInputStream(data.load()));
+		}
+	}
+
+	private void initHash(SHA1 hash, long size) {
+		hash.update(Constants.encodedTypeString(Constants.OBJ_BLOB));
+		hash.update((byte) ' ');
+		hash.update(Constants.encodeASCII(size));
+		hash.update((byte) 0);
+	}
+
+	private ObjectId hash(File f) throws IOException {
+		SHA1 hash = SHA1.newInstance();
+		initHash(hash, f.length());
+		try (InputStream input = new FileInputStream(f)) {
+			byte[] buf = new byte[8192];
+			int n;
+			while ((n = input.read(buf)) >= 0) {
+				hash.update(buf, 0, n);
+			}
+		}
+		return hash.toObjectId();
+	}
+
+	private void checkOid(ObjectId baseId, ObjectId id, ChangeType type, File f,
+			String path)
+			throws PatchApplyException, IOException {
+		boolean hashOk = false;
+		if (id != null) {
+			hashOk = baseId.equals(id);
+			if (!hashOk && ChangeType.ADD.equals(type)
+					&& ObjectId.zeroId().equals(baseId)) {
+				// We create the file first. The OID of an empty file is not the
+				// zero id!
+				hashOk = Constants.EMPTY_BLOB_ID.equals(id);
+			}
+		} else {
+			if (ObjectId.zeroId().equals(baseId)) {
+				// File empty is OK.
+				hashOk = !f.exists() || f.length() == 0;
+			} else {
+				hashOk = baseId.equals(hash(f));
+			}
+		}
+		if (!hashOk) {
+			throw new PatchApplyException(MessageFormat
+					.format(JGitText.get().applyBinaryBaseOidWrong, path));
+		}
+	}
+
+	private void applyBinary(Repository repository, String path, File f,
+			FileHeader fh, StreamSupplier loader, ObjectId id,
+			CheckoutMetadata checkOut)
+			throws PatchApplyException, IOException {
+		if (!fh.getOldId().isComplete() || !fh.getNewId().isComplete()) {
+			throw new PatchApplyException(MessageFormat
+					.format(JGitText.get().applyBinaryOidTooShort, path));
+		}
+		BinaryHunk hunk = fh.getForwardBinaryHunk();
+		// A BinaryHunk has the start at the "literal" or "delta" token. Data
+		// starts on the next line.
+		int start = RawParseUtils.nextLF(hunk.getBuffer(),
+				hunk.getStartOffset());
+		int length = hunk.getEndOffset() - start;
+		SHA1 hash = SHA1.newInstance();
+		// Write to a buffer and copy to the file only if everything was fine
+		TemporaryBuffer buffer = new TemporaryBuffer.LocalFile(null);
+		try {
+			switch (hunk.getType()) {
+			case LITERAL_DEFLATED:
+				// This just overwrites the file. We need to check the hash of
+				// the base.
+				checkOid(fh.getOldId().toObjectId(), id, fh.getChangeType(), f,
+						path);
+				initHash(hash, hunk.getSize());
+				try (OutputStream out = buffer;
+						InputStream inflated = new SHA1InputStream(hash,
+								new InflaterInputStream(
+										new BinaryHunkInputStream(
+												new ByteArrayInputStream(
+														hunk.getBuffer(), start,
+														length))))) {
+					DirCacheCheckout.getContent(repository, path, checkOut,
+							new StreamLoader(() -> inflated, hunk.getSize()),
+							null, out);
+					if (!fh.getNewId().toObjectId().equals(hash.toObjectId())) {
+						throw new PatchApplyException(MessageFormat.format(
+								JGitText.get().applyBinaryResultOidWrong,
+								path));
+					}
+				}
+				try (InputStream bufIn = buffer.openInputStream()) {
+					Files.copy(bufIn, f.toPath(),
+							StandardCopyOption.REPLACE_EXISTING);
+				}
+				break;
+			case DELTA_DEFLATED:
+				// Unfortunately delta application needs random access to the
+				// base to construct the result.
+				byte[] base;
+				try (InputStream input = loader.load()) {
+					base = IO.readWholeStream(input, 0).array();
+				}
+				// At least stream the result!
+				try (BinaryDeltaInputStream input = new BinaryDeltaInputStream(
+						base,
+						new InflaterInputStream(new BinaryHunkInputStream(
+								new ByteArrayInputStream(hunk.getBuffer(),
+										start, length))))) {
+					long finalSize = input.getExpectedResultSize();
+					initHash(hash, finalSize);
+					try (OutputStream out = buffer;
+							SHA1InputStream hashed = new SHA1InputStream(hash,
+									input)) {
+						DirCacheCheckout.getContent(repository, path, checkOut,
+								new StreamLoader(() -> hashed, finalSize), null,
+								out);
+						if (!fh.getNewId().toObjectId()
+								.equals(hash.toObjectId())) {
+							throw new PatchApplyException(MessageFormat.format(
+									JGitText.get().applyBinaryResultOidWrong,
+									path));
+						}
+					}
+				}
+				try (InputStream bufIn = buffer.openInputStream()) {
+					Files.copy(bufIn, f.toPath(),
+							StandardCopyOption.REPLACE_EXISTING);
+				}
+				break;
+			default:
+				break;
+			}
+		} finally {
+			buffer.destroy();
+		}
+	}
+
+	private void applyText(Repository repository, String path, RawText rt,
+			File f, FileHeader fh, CheckoutMetadata checkOut)
 			throws IOException, PatchApplyException {
-		RawText rt = new RawText(f);
-		List<String> oldLines = new ArrayList<>(rt.size());
-		for (int i = 0; i < rt.size(); i++)
-			oldLines.add(rt.getString(i));
-		List<String> newLines = new ArrayList<>(oldLines);
+		List<ByteBuffer> oldLines = new ArrayList<>(rt.size());
+		for (int i = 0; i < rt.size(); i++) {
+			oldLines.add(rt.getRawString(i));
+		}
+		List<ByteBuffer> newLines = new ArrayList<>(oldLines);
 		int afterLastHunk = 0;
 		int lineNumberShift = 0;
 		int lastHunkNewLine = -1;
@@ -182,9 +568,9 @@ public class ApplyCommand extends GitCommand<ApplyResult> {
 					b.length);
 			RawText hrt = new RawText(b);
 
-			List<String> hunkLines = new ArrayList<>(hrt.size());
+			List<ByteBuffer> hunkLines = new ArrayList<>(hrt.size());
 			for (int i = 0; i < hrt.size(); i++) {
-				hunkLines.add(hrt.getString(i));
+				hunkLines.add(hrt.getRawString(i));
 			}
 
 			if (hh.getNewStartLine() == 0) {
@@ -253,8 +639,13 @@ public class ApplyCommand extends GitCommand<ApplyResult> {
 			lineNumberShift = applyAt - hh.getNewStartLine() + 1;
 			int sz = hunkLines.size();
 			for (int j = 1; j < sz; j++) {
-				String hunkLine = hunkLines.get(j);
-				switch (hunkLine.charAt(0)) {
+				ByteBuffer hunkLine = hunkLines.get(j);
+				if (!hunkLine.hasRemaining()) {
+					// Completely empty line; accept as empty context line
+					applyAt++;
+					continue;
+				}
+				switch (hunkLine.array()[hunkLine.position()]) {
 				case ' ':
 					applyAt++;
 					break;
@@ -262,7 +653,7 @@ public class ApplyCommand extends GitCommand<ApplyResult> {
 					newLines.remove(applyAt);
 					break;
 				case '+':
-					newLines.add(applyAt++, hunkLine.substring(1));
+					newLines.add(applyAt++, slice(hunkLine, 1));
 					break;
 				default:
 					break;
@@ -271,39 +662,64 @@ public class ApplyCommand extends GitCommand<ApplyResult> {
 			afterLastHunk = applyAt;
 		}
 		if (!isNoNewlineAtEndOfFile(fh)) {
-			newLines.add(""); //$NON-NLS-1$
+			newLines.add(null);
 		}
 		if (!rt.isMissingNewlineAtEnd()) {
-			oldLines.add(""); //$NON-NLS-1$
-		}
-		if (!isChanged(oldLines, newLines)) {
-			return; // Don't touch the file
-		}
-		try (Writer fw = Files.newBufferedWriter(f.toPath())) {
-			for (Iterator<String> l = newLines.iterator(); l.hasNext();) {
-				fw.write(l.next());
-				if (l.hasNext()) {
-					// Don't bother handling line endings - if it was Windows,
-					// the \r is still there!
-					fw.write('\n');
+			oldLines.add(null);
+		}
+		if (oldLines.equals(newLines)) {
+			return; // Unchanged; don't touch the file
+		}
+
+		TemporaryBuffer buffer = new TemporaryBuffer.LocalFile(null);
+		try {
+			try (OutputStream out = buffer) {
+				for (Iterator<ByteBuffer> l = newLines.iterator(); l
+						.hasNext();) {
+					ByteBuffer line = l.next();
+					if (line == null) {
+						// Must be the marker for the final newline
+						break;
+					}
+					out.write(line.array(), line.position(), line.remaining());
+					if (l.hasNext()) {
+						out.write('\n');
+					}
 				}
 			}
+			try (OutputStream output = new FileOutputStream(f)) {
+				DirCacheCheckout.getContent(repository, path, checkOut,
+						new StreamLoader(buffer::openInputStream,
+								buffer.length()),
+						null, output);
+			}
+		} finally {
+			buffer.destroy();
 		}
-		getRepository().getFS().setExecute(f, fh.getNewMode() == FileMode.EXECUTABLE_FILE);
+		repository.getFS().setExecute(f,
+				fh.getNewMode() == FileMode.EXECUTABLE_FILE);
 	}
 
-	private boolean canApplyAt(List<String> hunkLines, List<String> newLines,
-			int line) {
+	private boolean canApplyAt(List<ByteBuffer> hunkLines,
+			List<ByteBuffer> newLines, int line) {
 		int sz = hunkLines.size();
 		int limit = newLines.size();
 		int pos = line;
 		for (int j = 1; j < sz; j++) {
-			String hunkLine = hunkLines.get(j);
-			switch (hunkLine.charAt(0)) {
+			ByteBuffer hunkLine = hunkLines.get(j);
+			if (!hunkLine.hasRemaining()) {
+				// Empty line. Accept as empty context line.
+				if (pos >= limit || newLines.get(pos).hasRemaining()) {
+					return false;
+				}
+				pos++;
+				continue;
+			}
+			switch (hunkLine.array()[hunkLine.position()]) {
 			case ' ':
 			case '-':
 				if (pos >= limit
-						|| !newLines.get(pos).equals(hunkLine.substring(1))) {
+						|| !newLines.get(pos).equals(slice(hunkLine, 1))) {
 					return false;
 				}
 				pos++;
@@ -315,13 +731,9 @@ public class ApplyCommand extends GitCommand<ApplyResult> {
 		return true;
 	}
 
-	private static boolean isChanged(List<String> ol, List<String> nl) {
-		if (ol.size() != nl.size())
-			return true;
-		for (int i = 0; i < ol.size(); i++)
-			if (!ol.get(i).equals(nl.get(i)))
-				return true;
-		return false;
+	private ByteBuffer slice(ByteBuffer b, int off) {
+		int newOffset = b.position() + off;
+		return ByteBuffer.wrap(b.array(), newOffset, b.limit() - newOffset);
 	}
 
 	private boolean isNoNewlineAtEndOfFile(FileHeader fh) {
@@ -330,8 +742,51 @@ public class ApplyCommand extends GitCommand<ApplyResult> {
 			return false;
 		}
 		HunkHeader lastHunk = hunks.get(hunks.size() - 1);
-		RawText lhrt = new RawText(lastHunk.getBuffer());
+		byte[] buf = new byte[lastHunk.getEndOffset()
+				- lastHunk.getStartOffset()];
+		System.arraycopy(lastHunk.getBuffer(), lastHunk.getStartOffset(), buf,
+				0, buf.length);
+		RawText lhrt = new RawText(buf);
 		return lhrt.getString(lhrt.size() - 1)
 				.equals("\\ No newline at end of file"); //$NON-NLS-1$
 	}
+
+	/**
+	 * An {@link InputStream} that updates a {@link SHA1} on every byte read.
+	 * The hash is supposed to have been initialized before reading starts.
+	 */
+	private static class SHA1InputStream extends InputStream {
+
+		private final SHA1 hash;
+
+		private final InputStream in;
+
+		SHA1InputStream(SHA1 hash, InputStream in) {
+			this.hash = hash;
+			this.in = in;
+		}
+
+		@Override
+		public int read() throws IOException {
+			int b = in.read();
+			if (b >= 0) {
+				hash.update((byte) b);
+			}
+			return b;
+		}
+
+		@Override
+		public int read(byte[] b, int off, int len) throws IOException {
+			int n = in.read(b, off, len);
+			if (n > 0) {
+				hash.update(b, off, n);
+			}
+			return n;
+		}
+
+		@Override
+		public void close() throws IOException {
+			in.close();
+		}
+	}
 }
diff --git a/org.eclipse.jgit/src/org/eclipse/jgit/api/MergeCommand.java b/org.eclipse.jgit/src/org/eclipse/jgit/api/MergeCommand.java
index c611f915ae..ef56d802c8 100644
--- a/org.eclipse.jgit/src/org/eclipse/jgit/api/MergeCommand.java
+++ b/org.eclipse.jgit/src/org/eclipse/jgit/api/MergeCommand.java
@@ -87,6 +87,20 @@ public class MergeCommand extends GitCommand<MergeResult> {
 	private ProgressMonitor monitor = NullProgressMonitor.INSTANCE;
 
 	/**
+	 * Values for the "merge.conflictStyle" git config.
+	 *
+	 * @since 5.12
+	 */
+	public enum ConflictStyle {
+
+		/** "merge" style: only ours/theirs. This is the default. */
+		MERGE,
+
+		/** "diff3" style: ours/base/theirs. */
+		DIFF3
+	}
+
+	/**
 	 * The modes available for fast forward merges corresponding to the
 	 * <code>--ff</code>, <code>--no-ff</code> and <code>--ff-only</code>
 	 * options under <code>branch.&lt;name&gt;.mergeoptions</code>.
diff --git a/org.eclipse.jgit/src/org/eclipse/jgit/diff/RawText.java b/org.eclipse.jgit/src/org/eclipse/jgit/diff/RawText.java
index 9f4b1fa493..d09da019dd 100644
--- a/org.eclipse.jgit/src/org/eclipse/jgit/diff/RawText.java
+++ b/org.eclipse.jgit/src/org/eclipse/jgit/diff/RawText.java
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /*
  * Copyright (C) 2009, Google Inc.
- * Copyright (C) 2008-2009, Johannes E. Schindelin <johannes.schindelin@gmx.de> and others
+ * Copyright (C) 2008-2021, Johannes E. Schindelin <johannes.schindelin@gmx.de> and others
  *
  * This program and the accompanying materials are made available under the
  * terms of the Eclipse Distribution License v. 1.0 which is available at
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ import java.io.File;
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.io.InputStream;
 import java.io.OutputStream;
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
 
 import org.eclipse.jgit.errors.BinaryBlobException;
 import org.eclipse.jgit.errors.LargeObjectException;
@@ -165,6 +166,27 @@ public class RawText extends Sequence {
 	}
 
 	/**
+	 * Get the raw text for a single line.
+	 *
+	 * @param i
+	 *            index of the line to extract. Note this is 0-based, so line
+	 *            number 1 is actually index 0.
+	 * @return the text for the line, without a trailing LF, as a
+	 *         {@link ByteBuffer} that is backed by a slice of the
+	 *         {@link #getRawContent() raw content}, with the buffer's position
+	 *         on the start of the line and the limit at the end.
+	 * @since 5.12
+	 */
+	public ByteBuffer getRawString(int i) {
+		int s = getStart(i);
+		int e = getEnd(i);
+		if (e > 0 && content[e - 1] == '\n') {
+			e--;
+		}
+		return ByteBuffer.wrap(content, s, e - s);
+	}
+
+	/**
 	 * Get the text for a region of lines.
 	 *
 	 * @param begin
diff --git a/org.eclipse.jgit/src/org/eclipse/jgit/dircache/DirCacheCheckout.java b/org.eclipse.jgit/src/org/eclipse/jgit/dircache/DirCacheCheckout.java
index 671475ed47..c904a782db 100644
--- a/org.eclipse.jgit/src/org/eclipse/jgit/dircache/DirCacheCheckout.java
+++ b/org.eclipse.jgit/src/org/eclipse/jgit/dircache/DirCacheCheckout.java
@@ -1610,11 +1610,9 @@ public class DirCacheCheckout {
 		}
 		if (rc != 0) {
 			throw new IOException(new FilterFailedException(rc,
-					checkoutMetadata.smudgeFilterCommand,
-					path,
+					checkoutMetadata.smudgeFilterCommand, path,
 					result.getStdout().toByteArray(MAX_EXCEPTION_TEXT_SIZE),
-					RawParseUtils.decode(result.getStderr()
-							.toByteArray(MAX_EXCEPTION_TEXT_SIZE))));
+					result.getStderr().toString(MAX_EXCEPTION_TEXT_SIZE)));
 		}
 	}
 
diff --git a/org.eclipse.jgit/src/org/eclipse/jgit/gitrepo/RepoCommand.java b/org.eclipse.jgit/src/org/eclipse/jgit/gitrepo/RepoCommand.java
index c039aaffa9..5bf95def95 100644
--- a/org.eclipse.jgit/src/org/eclipse/jgit/gitrepo/RepoCommand.java
+++ b/org.eclipse.jgit/src/org/eclipse/jgit/gitrepo/RepoCommand.java
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ package org.eclipse.jgit.gitrepo;
 import static java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets.UTF_8;
 import static org.eclipse.jgit.lib.Constants.DEFAULT_REMOTE_NAME;
 import static org.eclipse.jgit.lib.Constants.R_REMOTES;
+import static org.eclipse.jgit.lib.Constants.R_TAGS;
 
 import java.io.File;
 import java.io.FileInputStream;
@@ -587,8 +588,11 @@ public class RepoCommand extends GitCommand<RevCommit> {
 							throw new RemoteUnavailableException(url);
 						}
 						if (recordRemoteBranch) {
-							// can be branch or tag
-							cfg.setString("submodule", name, "branch", //$NON-NLS-1$ //$NON-NLS-2$
+							// "branch" field is only for non-tag references.
+							// Keep tags in "ref" field as hint for other tools.
+							String field = proj.getRevision().startsWith(
+									R_TAGS) ? "ref" : "branch"; //$NON-NLS-1$ //$NON-NLS-2$
+							cfg.setString("submodule", name, field, //$NON-NLS-1$
 									proj.getRevision());
 						}
 
diff --git a/org.eclipse.jgit/src/org/eclipse/jgit/internal/JGitText.java b/org.eclipse.jgit/src/org/eclipse/jgit/internal/JGitText.java
index ab9fc5c9bb..fd54986f94 100644
--- a/org.eclipse.jgit/src/org/eclipse/jgit/internal/JGitText.java
+++ b/org.eclipse.jgit/src/org/eclipse/jgit/internal/JGitText.java
@@ -41,6 +41,9 @@ public class JGitText extends TranslationBundle {
 	/***/ public String aNewObjectIdIsRequired;
 	/***/ public String anExceptionOccurredWhileTryingToAddTheIdOfHEAD;
 	/***/ public String anSSHSessionHasBeenAlreadyCreated;
+	/***/ public String applyBinaryBaseOidWrong;
+	/***/ public String applyBinaryOidTooShort;
+	/***/ public String applyBinaryResultOidWrong;
 	/***/ public String applyingCommit;
 	/***/ public String archiveFormatAlreadyAbsent;
 	/***/ public String archiveFormatAlreadyRegistered;
@@ -65,7 +68,19 @@ public class JGitText extends TranslationBundle {
 	/***/ public String badSectionEntry;
 	/***/ public String badShallowLine;
 	/***/ public String bareRepositoryNoWorkdirAndIndex;
+	/***/ public String base85invalidChar;
+	/***/ public String base85length;
+	/***/ public String base85overflow;
+	/***/ public String base85tooLong;
+	/***/ public String base85tooShort;
 	/***/ public String baseLengthIncorrect;
+	/***/ public String binaryDeltaBaseLengthMismatch;
+	/***/ public String binaryDeltaInvalidOffset;
+	/***/ public String binaryDeltaInvalidResultLength;
+	/***/ public String binaryHunkDecodeError;
+	/***/ public String binaryHunkInvalidLength;
+	/***/ public String binaryHunkLineTooShort;
+	/***/ public String binaryHunkMissingNewline;
 	/***/ public String bitmapMissingObject;
 	/***/ public String bitmapsMustBePrepared;
 	/***/ public String blameNotCommittedYet;
diff --git a/org.eclipse.jgit/src/org/eclipse/jgit/internal/transport/ssh/OpenSshConfigFile.java b/org.eclipse.jgit/src/org/eclipse/jgit/internal/transport/ssh/OpenSshConfigFile.java
index de6a346cb2..bf93d77f7e 100644
--- a/org.eclipse.jgit/src/org/eclipse/jgit/internal/transport/ssh/OpenSshConfigFile.java
+++ b/org.eclipse.jgit/src/org/eclipse/jgit/internal/transport/ssh/OpenSshConfigFile.java
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /*
  * Copyright (C) 2008, 2017, Google Inc.
- * Copyright (C) 2017, 2018, Thomas Wolf <thomas.wolf@paranor.ch> and others
+ * Copyright (C) 2017, 2021, Thomas Wolf <thomas.wolf@paranor.ch> and others
  *
  * This program and the accompanying materials are made available under the
  * terms of the Eclipse Distribution License v. 1.0 which is available at
@@ -21,7 +21,8 @@ import java.time.Instant;
 import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.Collections;
 import java.util.HashMap;
-import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
+import java.util.Iterator;
+import java.util.LinkedList;
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Map;
 import java.util.Set;
@@ -82,12 +83,6 @@ import org.eclipse.jgit.util.SystemReader;
  */
 public class OpenSshConfigFile implements SshConfigStore {
 
-	/**
-	 * "Host" name of the HostEntry for the default options before the first
-	 * host block in a config file.
-	 */
-	private static final String DEFAULT_NAME = ""; //$NON-NLS-1$
-
 	/** The user's home directory, as key files may be relative to here. */
 	private final File home;
 
@@ -105,11 +100,9 @@ public class OpenSshConfigFile implements SshConfigStore {
 	 * fully resolved entries created from that.
 	 */
 	private static class State {
-		// Keyed by pattern; if a "Host" line has multiple patterns, we generate
-		// duplicate HostEntry objects
-		Map<String, HostEntry> entries = new LinkedHashMap<>();
+		List<HostEntry> entries = new LinkedList<>();
 
-		// Keyed by user@hostname:port
+		// Previous lookups, keyed by user@hostname:port
 		Map<String, HostEntry> hosts = new HashMap<>();
 
 		@Override
@@ -165,14 +158,16 @@ public class OpenSshConfigFile implements SshConfigStore {
 			return h;
 		}
 		HostEntry fullConfig = new HostEntry();
-		// Initialize with default entries at the top of the file, before the
-		// first Host block.
-		fullConfig.merge(cache.entries.get(DEFAULT_NAME));
-		for (Map.Entry<String, HostEntry> e : cache.entries.entrySet()) {
-			String pattern = e.getKey();
-			if (isHostMatch(pattern, hostName)) {
-				fullConfig.merge(e.getValue());
-			}
+		Iterator<HostEntry> entries = cache.entries.iterator();
+		if (entries.hasNext()) {
+			// Should always have at least the first top entry containing
+			// key-value pairs before the first Host block
+			fullConfig.merge(entries.next());
+			entries.forEachRemaining(entry -> {
+				if (entry.matches(hostName)) {
+					fullConfig.merge(entry);
+				}
+			});
 		}
 		fullConfig.substitute(hostName, port, userName, localUserName, home);
 		cache.hosts.put(cacheKey, fullConfig);
@@ -208,20 +203,19 @@ public class OpenSshConfigFile implements SshConfigStore {
 		return state;
 	}
 
-	private Map<String, HostEntry> parse(BufferedReader reader)
+	private List<HostEntry> parse(BufferedReader reader)
 			throws IOException {
-		final Map<String, HostEntry> entries = new LinkedHashMap<>();
-		final List<HostEntry> current = new ArrayList<>(4);
-		String line;
+		final List<HostEntry> entries = new LinkedList<>();
 
 		// The man page doesn't say so, but the openssh parser (readconf.c)
 		// starts out in active mode and thus always applies any lines that
 		// occur before the first host block. We gather those options in a
 		// HostEntry for DEFAULT_NAME.
 		HostEntry defaults = new HostEntry();
-		current.add(defaults);
-		entries.put(DEFAULT_NAME, defaults);
+		HostEntry current = defaults;
+		entries.add(defaults);
 
+		String line;
 		while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) {
 			// OpenSsh ignores trailing comments on a line. Anything after the
 			// first # on a line is trimmed away (yes, even if the hash is
@@ -246,38 +240,17 @@ public class OpenSshConfigFile implements SshConfigStore {
 			String argValue = parts.length > 1 ? parts[1].trim() : ""; //$NON-NLS-1$
 
 			if (StringUtils.equalsIgnoreCase(SshConstants.HOST, keyword)) {
-				current.clear();
-				for (String name : parseList(argValue)) {
-					if (name == null || name.isEmpty()) {
-						// null should not occur, but better be safe than sorry.
-						continue;
-					}
-					HostEntry c = entries.get(name);
-					if (c == null) {
-						c = new HostEntry();
-						entries.put(name, c);
-					}
-					current.add(c);
-				}
-				continue;
-			}
-
-			if (current.isEmpty()) {
-				// We received an option outside of a Host block. We
-				// don't know who this should match against, so skip.
+				current = new HostEntry(parseList(argValue));
+				entries.add(current);
 				continue;
 			}
 
 			if (HostEntry.isListKey(keyword)) {
 				List<String> args = validate(keyword, parseList(argValue));
-				for (HostEntry entry : current) {
-					entry.setValue(keyword, args);
-				}
+				current.setValue(keyword, args);
 			} else if (!argValue.isEmpty()) {
 				argValue = validate(keyword, dequote(argValue));
-				for (HostEntry entry : current) {
-					entry.setValue(keyword, argValue);
-				}
+				current.setValue(keyword, argValue);
 			}
 		}
 
@@ -300,7 +273,7 @@ public class OpenSshConfigFile implements SshConfigStore {
 		int length = argument.length();
 		while (start < length) {
 			// Skip whitespace
-			if (Character.isSpaceChar(argument.charAt(start))) {
+			if (Character.isWhitespace(argument.charAt(start))) {
 				start++;
 				continue;
 			}
@@ -315,7 +288,7 @@ public class OpenSshConfigFile implements SshConfigStore {
 			} else {
 				int stop = start + 1;
 				while (stop < length
-						&& !Character.isSpaceChar(argument.charAt(stop))) {
+						&& !Character.isWhitespace(argument.charAt(stop))) {
 					stop++;
 				}
 				result.add(argument.substring(start, stop));
@@ -358,13 +331,6 @@ public class OpenSshConfigFile implements SshConfigStore {
 		return value;
 	}
 
-	private static boolean isHostMatch(String pattern, String name) {
-		if (pattern.startsWith("!")) { //$NON-NLS-1$
-			return !patternMatchesHost(pattern.substring(1), name);
-		}
-		return patternMatchesHost(pattern, name);
-	}
-
 	private static boolean patternMatchesHost(String pattern, String name) {
 		if (pattern.indexOf('*') >= 0 || pattern.indexOf('?') >= 0) {
 			final FileNameMatcher fn;
@@ -389,9 +355,12 @@ public class OpenSshConfigFile implements SshConfigStore {
 
 	private static String stripWhitespace(String value) {
 		final StringBuilder b = new StringBuilder();
-		for (int i = 0; i < value.length(); i++) {
-			if (!Character.isSpaceChar(value.charAt(i)))
-				b.append(value.charAt(i));
+		int length = value.length();
+		for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
+			char ch = value.charAt(i);
+			if (!Character.isWhitespace(ch)) {
+				b.append(ch);
+			}
 		}
 		return b.toString();
 	}
@@ -511,6 +480,32 @@ public class OpenSshConfigFile implements SshConfigStore {
 
 		private Map<String, List<String>> listOptions;
 
+		private final List<String> patterns;
+
+		// Constructor used to build the merged entry; never matches anything
+		HostEntry() {
+			this.patterns = Collections.emptyList();
+		}
+
+		HostEntry(List<String> patterns) {
+			this.patterns = patterns;
+		}
+
+		boolean matches(String hostName) {
+			boolean doesMatch = false;
+			for (String pattern : patterns) {
+				if (pattern.startsWith("!")) { //$NON-NLS-1$
+					if (patternMatchesHost(pattern.substring(1), hostName)) {
+						return false;
+					}
+				} else if (!doesMatch
+						&& patternMatchesHost(pattern, hostName)) {
+					doesMatch = true;
+				}
+			}
+			return doesMatch;
+		}
+
 		private static String toKey(String key) {
 			String k = ALIASES.get(key);
 			return k != null ? k : key;
diff --git a/org.eclipse.jgit/src/org/eclipse/jgit/lib/ConfigConstants.java b/org.eclipse.jgit/src/org/eclipse/jgit/lib/ConfigConstants.java
index 03c1ef904c..3e3d9b5694 100644
--- a/org.eclipse.jgit/src/org/eclipse/jgit/lib/ConfigConstants.java
+++ b/org.eclipse.jgit/src/org/eclipse/jgit/lib/ConfigConstants.java
@@ -398,7 +398,15 @@ public final class ConfigConstants {
 	public static final String CONFIG_KEY_FF = "ff";
 
 	/**
+	 * The "conflictStyle" key.
+	 *
+	 * @since 5.12
+	 */
+	public static final String CONFIG_KEY_CONFLICTSTYLE = "conflictStyle";
+
+	/**
 	 * The "checkstat" key
+	 *
 	 * @since 3.0
 	 */
 	public static final String CONFIG_KEY_CHECKSTAT = "checkstat";
diff --git a/org.eclipse.jgit/src/org/eclipse/jgit/transport/SshConstants.java b/org.eclipse.jgit/src/org/eclipse/jgit/transport/SshConstants.java
index be55cd1b81..5cd5b334ab 100644
--- a/org.eclipse.jgit/src/org/eclipse/jgit/transport/SshConstants.java
+++ b/org.eclipse.jgit/src/org/eclipse/jgit/transport/SshConstants.java
@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ public final class SshConstants {
 	 * Key in an ssh config file; defines signature algorithms for public key
 	 * authentication as a comma-separated list.
 	 *
-	 * @since 5.11
+	 * @since 5.11.1
 	 */
 	public static final String PUBKEY_ACCEPTED_ALGORITHMS = "PubkeyAcceptedAlgorithms";
 
diff --git a/org.eclipse.jgit/src/org/eclipse/jgit/treewalk/WorkingTreeIterator.java b/org.eclipse.jgit/src/org/eclipse/jgit/treewalk/WorkingTreeIterator.java
index 55b7d6279a..0b7c0a9e4b 100644
--- a/org.eclipse.jgit/src/org/eclipse/jgit/treewalk/WorkingTreeIterator.java
+++ b/org.eclipse.jgit/src/org/eclipse/jgit/treewalk/WorkingTreeIterator.java
@@ -502,8 +502,7 @@ public abstract class WorkingTreeIterator extends AbstractTreeIterator {
 				throw new IOException(new FilterFailedException(rc,
 						filterCommand, getEntryPathString(),
 						result.getStdout().toByteArray(MAX_EXCEPTION_TEXT_SIZE),
-						RawParseUtils.decode(result.getStderr()
-								.toByteArray(MAX_EXCEPTION_TEXT_SIZE))));
+						result.getStderr().toString(MAX_EXCEPTION_TEXT_SIZE)));
 			}
 			return result.getStdout().openInputStreamWithAutoDestroy();
 		}
diff --git a/org.eclipse.jgit/src/org/eclipse/jgit/util/Base85.java b/org.eclipse.jgit/src/org/eclipse/jgit/util/Base85.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..54b7cfcaa7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/org.eclipse.jgit/src/org/eclipse/jgit/util/Base85.java
@@ -0,0 +1,195 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2021 Thomas Wolf <thomas.wolf@paranor.ch> and others
+ *
+ * This program and the accompanying materials are made available under the
+ * terms of the Eclipse Distribution License v. 1.0 which is available at
+ * https://www.eclipse.org/org/documents/edl-v10.php.
+ *
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+ */
+package org.eclipse.jgit.util;
+
+import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
+import java.text.MessageFormat;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+
+import org.eclipse.jgit.internal.JGitText;
+
+/**
+ * Base-85 encoder/decoder.
+ *
+ * @since 5.12
+ */
+public final class Base85 {
+
+	private static final byte[] ENCODE = ("0123456789" //$NON-NLS-1$
+			+ "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ" //$NON-NLS-1$
+			+ "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz" //$NON-NLS-1$
+			+ "!#$%&()*+-;<=>?@^_`{|}~") //$NON-NLS-1$
+					.getBytes(StandardCharsets.US_ASCII);
+
+	private static final int[] DECODE = new int[256];
+
+	static {
+		Arrays.fill(DECODE, -1);
+		for (int i = 0; i < ENCODE.length; i++) {
+			DECODE[ENCODE[i]] = i;
+		}
+	}
+
+	private Base85() {
+		// No instantiation
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Determines the length of the base-85 encoding for {@code rawLength}
+	 * bytes.
+	 *
+	 * @param rawLength
+	 *            number of bytes to encode
+	 * @return number of bytes needed for the base-85 encoding of
+	 *         {@code rawLength} bytes
+	 */
+	public static int encodedLength(int rawLength) {
+		return (rawLength + 3) / 4 * 5;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Encodes the given {@code data} in Base-85.
+	 *
+	 * @param data
+	 *            to encode
+	 * @return encoded data
+	 */
+	public static byte[] encode(byte[] data) {
+		return encode(data, 0, data.length);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Encodes {@code length} bytes of {@code data} in Base-85, beginning at the
+	 * {@code start} index.
+	 *
+	 * @param data
+	 *            to encode
+	 * @param start
+	 *            index of the first byte to encode
+	 * @param length
+	 *            number of bytes to encode
+	 * @return encoded data
+	 */
+	public static byte[] encode(byte[] data, int start, int length) {
+		byte[] result = new byte[encodedLength(length)];
+		int end = start + length;
+		int in = start;
+		int out = 0;
+		while (in < end) {
+			// Accumulate remaining bytes MSB first as a 32bit value
+			long accumulator = ((long) (data[in++] & 0xFF)) << 24;
+			if (in < end) {
+				accumulator |= (data[in++] & 0xFF) << 16;
+				if (in < end) {
+					accumulator |= (data[in++] & 0xFF) << 8;
+					if (in < end) {
+						accumulator |= (data[in++] & 0xFF);
+					}
+				}
+			}
+			// Write the 32bit value in base-85 encoding, also MSB first
+			for (int i = 4; i >= 0; i--) {
+				result[out + i] = ENCODE[(int) (accumulator % 85)];
+				accumulator /= 85;
+			}
+			out += 5;
+		}
+		return result;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Decodes the Base-85 {@code encoded} data into a byte array of
+	 * {@code expectedSize} bytes.
+	 *
+	 * @param encoded
+	 *            Base-85 encoded data
+	 * @param expectedSize
+	 *            of the result
+	 * @return the decoded bytes
+	 * @throws IllegalArgumentException
+	 *             if expectedSize doesn't match, the encoded data has a length
+	 *             that is not a multiple of 5, or there are invalid characters
+	 *             in the encoded data
+	 */
+	public static byte[] decode(byte[] encoded, int expectedSize) {
+		return decode(encoded, 0, encoded.length, expectedSize);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Decodes {@code length} bytes of Base-85 {@code encoded} data, beginning
+	 * at the {@code start} index, into a byte array of {@code expectedSize}
+	 * bytes.
+	 *
+	 * @param encoded
+	 *            Base-85 encoded data
+	 * @param start
+	 *            index at which the data to decode starts in {@code encoded}
+	 * @param length
+	 *            of the Base-85 encoded data
+	 * @param expectedSize
+	 *            of the result
+	 * @return the decoded bytes
+	 * @throws IllegalArgumentException
+	 *             if expectedSize doesn't match, {@code length} is not a
+	 *             multiple of 5, or there are invalid characters in the encoded
+	 *             data
+	 */
+	public static byte[] decode(byte[] encoded, int start, int length,
+			int expectedSize) {
+		if (length % 5 != 0) {
+			throw new IllegalArgumentException(JGitText.get().base85length);
+		}
+		byte[] result = new byte[expectedSize];
+		int end = start + length;
+		int in = start;
+		int out = 0;
+		while (in < end && out < expectedSize) {
+			// Accumulate 5 bytes, "MSB" first
+			long accumulator = 0;
+			for (int i = 4; i >= 0; i--) {
+				int val = DECODE[encoded[in++] & 0xFF];
+				if (val < 0) {
+					throw new IllegalArgumentException(MessageFormat.format(
+							JGitText.get().base85invalidChar,
+							Integer.toHexString(encoded[in - 1] & 0xFF)));
+				}
+				accumulator = accumulator * 85 + val;
+			}
+			if (accumulator > 0xFFFF_FFFFL) {
+				throw new IllegalArgumentException(
+						MessageFormat.format(JGitText.get().base85overflow,
+								Long.toHexString(accumulator)));
+			}
+			// Write remaining bytes, MSB first
+			result[out++] = (byte) (accumulator >>> 24);
+			if (out < expectedSize) {
+				result[out++] = (byte) (accumulator >>> 16);
+				if (out < expectedSize) {
+					result[out++] = (byte) (accumulator >>> 8);
+					if (out < expectedSize) {
+						result[out++] = (byte) accumulator;
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		// Should have exhausted 'in' and filled 'out' completely
+		if (in < end) {
+			throw new IllegalArgumentException(
+					MessageFormat.format(JGitText.get().base85tooLong,
+							Integer.valueOf(expectedSize)));
+		}
+		if (out < expectedSize) {
+			throw new IllegalArgumentException(
+					MessageFormat.format(JGitText.get().base85tooShort,
+							Integer.valueOf(expectedSize)));
+		}
+		return result;
+	}
+}
diff --git a/org.eclipse.jgit/src/org/eclipse/jgit/util/TemporaryBuffer.java b/org.eclipse.jgit/src/org/eclipse/jgit/util/TemporaryBuffer.java
index 562eb05dd9..fb893a66f0 100644
--- a/org.eclipse.jgit/src/org/eclipse/jgit/util/TemporaryBuffer.java
+++ b/org.eclipse.jgit/src/org/eclipse/jgit/util/TemporaryBuffer.java
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ import java.io.FileOutputStream;
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.io.InputStream;
 import java.io.OutputStream;
+import java.io.UncheckedIOException;
 import java.util.ArrayList;
 
 import org.eclipse.jgit.internal.JGitText;
@@ -213,6 +214,24 @@ public abstract class TemporaryBuffer extends OutputStream {
 	}
 
 	/**
+	 * Convert first {@code limit} number of bytes of the buffer content to
+	 * String.
+	 *
+	 * @param limit
+	 *            the maximum number of bytes to be converted to String
+	 * @return first {@code limit} number of bytes of the buffer content
+	 *         converted to String.
+	 * @since 5.12
+	 */
+	public String toString(int limit) {
+		try {
+			return RawParseUtils.decode(toByteArray(limit));
+		} catch (IOException e) {
+			throw new UncheckedIOException(e);
+		}
+	}
+
+	/**
 	 * Convert this buffer's contents into a contiguous byte array. If this size
 	 * of the buffer exceeds the limit only return the first {@code limit} bytes
 	 * <p>
diff --git a/org.eclipse.jgit/src/org/eclipse/jgit/util/io/BinaryDeltaInputStream.java b/org.eclipse.jgit/src/org/eclipse/jgit/util/io/BinaryDeltaInputStream.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7f0d87f0da
--- /dev/null
+++ b/org.eclipse.jgit/src/org/eclipse/jgit/util/io/BinaryDeltaInputStream.java
@@ -0,0 +1,206 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2021 Thomas Wolf <thomas.wolf@paranor.ch> and others
+ *
+ * This program and the accompanying materials are made available under the
+ * terms of the Eclipse Distribution License v. 1.0 which is available at
+ * https://www.eclipse.org/org/documents/edl-v10.php.
+ *
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+ */
+package org.eclipse.jgit.util.io;
+
+import java.io.EOFException;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStream;
+import java.io.StreamCorruptedException;
+import java.text.MessageFormat;
+
+import org.eclipse.jgit.internal.JGitText;
+
+/**
+ * An {@link InputStream} that applies a binary delta to a base on the fly.
+ * <p>
+ * Delta application to a base needs random access to the base data. The delta
+ * is expressed as a sequence of copy and insert instructions. A copy
+ * instruction has the form "COPY fromOffset length" and says "copy length bytes
+ * from the base, starting at offset fromOffset, to the result". An insert
+ * instruction has the form "INSERT length" followed by length bytes and says
+ * "copy the next length bytes from the delta to the result".
+ * </p>
+ * <p>
+ * These instructions are generated using a content-defined chunking algorithm
+ * (currently C git uses the standard Rabin variant; but there are others that
+ * could be used) that identifies equal chunks. It is entirely possible that a
+ * later copy instruction has a fromOffset that is before the fromOffset of an
+ * earlier copy instruction.
+ * </p>
+ * <p>
+ * This makes it impossible to stream the base.
+ * </p>
+ * <p>
+ * JGit is limited to 2GB maximum size for the base since array indices are
+ * signed 32bit values.
+ *
+ * @since 5.12
+ */
+public class BinaryDeltaInputStream extends InputStream {
+
+	private final byte[] base;
+
+	private final InputStream delta;
+
+	private long resultLength;
+
+	private long toDeliver = -1;
+
+	private int fromBase;
+
+	private int fromDelta;
+
+	private int baseOffset = -1;
+
+	/**
+	 * Creates a new {@link BinaryDeltaInputStream} that applies {@code delta}
+	 * to {@code base}.
+	 *
+	 * @param base
+	 *            data to apply the delta to
+	 * @param delta
+	 *            {@link InputStream} delivering the delta to apply
+	 */
+	public BinaryDeltaInputStream(byte[] base, InputStream delta) {
+		this.base = base;
+		this.delta = delta;
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public int read() throws IOException {
+		int b = readNext();
+		if (b >= 0) {
+			toDeliver--;
+		}
+		return b;
+	}
+
+	private void initialize() throws IOException {
+		long baseSize = readVarInt(delta);
+		if (baseSize > Integer.MAX_VALUE || baseSize < 0
+				|| (int) baseSize != base.length) {
+			throw new IOException(MessageFormat.format(
+					JGitText.get().binaryDeltaBaseLengthMismatch,
+					Integer.valueOf(base.length), Long.valueOf(baseSize)));
+		}
+		resultLength = readVarInt(delta);
+		if (resultLength < 0) {
+			throw new StreamCorruptedException(
+					JGitText.get().binaryDeltaInvalidResultLength);
+		}
+		toDeliver = resultLength;
+		baseOffset = 0;
+	}
+
+	private int readNext() throws IOException {
+		if (baseOffset < 0) {
+			initialize();
+		}
+		if (fromBase > 0) {
+			fromBase--;
+			return base[baseOffset++] & 0xFF;
+		} else if (fromDelta > 0) {
+			fromDelta--;
+			return delta.read();
+		}
+		int command = delta.read();
+		if (command < 0) {
+			return -1;
+		}
+		if ((command & 0x80) != 0) {
+			// Decode offset and length to read from base
+			long copyOffset = 0;
+			for (int i = 1, shift = 0; i < 0x10; i *= 2, shift += 8) {
+				if ((command & i) != 0) {
+					copyOffset |= ((long) next(delta)) << shift;
+				}
+			}
+			int copySize = 0;
+			for (int i = 0x10, shift = 0; i < 0x80; i *= 2, shift += 8) {
+				if ((command & i) != 0) {
+					copySize |= next(delta) << shift;
+				}
+			}
+			if (copySize == 0) {
+				copySize = 0x10000;
+			}
+			if (copyOffset > base.length - copySize) {
+				throw new StreamCorruptedException(MessageFormat.format(
+						JGitText.get().binaryDeltaInvalidOffset,
+						Long.valueOf(copyOffset), Integer.valueOf(copySize)));
+			}
+			baseOffset = (int) copyOffset;
+			fromBase = copySize;
+			return readNext();
+		} else if (command != 0) {
+			// The next 'command' bytes come from the delta
+			fromDelta = command - 1;
+			return delta.read();
+		} else {
+			// Zero is reserved
+			throw new StreamCorruptedException(
+					JGitText.get().unsupportedCommand0);
+		}
+	}
+
+	private int next(InputStream in) throws IOException {
+		int b = in.read();
+		if (b < 0) {
+			throw new EOFException();
+		}
+		return b;
+	}
+
+	private long readVarInt(InputStream in) throws IOException {
+		long val = 0;
+		int shift = 0;
+		int b;
+		do {
+			b = next(in);
+			val |= ((long) (b & 0x7f)) << shift;
+			shift += 7;
+		} while ((b & 0x80) != 0);
+		return val;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Tells the expected size of the final result.
+	 *
+	 * @return the size
+	 * @throws IOException
+	 *             if the size cannot be determined from {@code delta}
+	 */
+	public long getExpectedResultSize() throws IOException {
+		if (baseOffset < 0) {
+			initialize();
+		}
+		return resultLength;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Tells whether the delta has been fully consumed, and the expected number
+	 * of bytes for the combined result have been read from this
+	 * {@link BinaryDeltaInputStream}.
+	 *
+	 * @return whether delta application was successful
+	 */
+	public boolean isFullyConsumed() {
+		try {
+			return toDeliver == 0 && delta.read() < 0;
+		} catch (IOException e) {
+			return toDeliver == 0;
+		}
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public void close() throws IOException {
+		delta.close();
+	}
+}
diff --git a/org.eclipse.jgit/src/org/eclipse/jgit/util/io/BinaryHunkInputStream.java b/org.eclipse.jgit/src/org/eclipse/jgit/util/io/BinaryHunkInputStream.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..57b2d7a4b2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/org.eclipse.jgit/src/org/eclipse/jgit/util/io/BinaryHunkInputStream.java
@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2021 Thomas Wolf <thomas.wolf@paranor.ch> and others
+ *
+ * This program and the accompanying materials are made available under the
+ * terms of the Eclipse Distribution License v. 1.0 which is available at
+ * https://www.eclipse.org/org/documents/edl-v10.php.
+ *
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+ */
+package org.eclipse.jgit.util.io;
+
+import java.io.EOFException;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStream;
+import java.io.StreamCorruptedException;
+import java.text.MessageFormat;
+
+import org.eclipse.jgit.internal.JGitText;
+import org.eclipse.jgit.util.Base85;
+
+/**
+ * A stream that decodes git binary patch data on the fly.
+ *
+ * @since 5.12
+ */
+public class BinaryHunkInputStream extends InputStream {
+
+	private final InputStream in;
+
+	private int lineNumber;
+
+	private byte[] buffer;
+
+	private int pos = 0;
+
+	/**
+	 * Creates a new {@link BinaryHunkInputStream}.
+	 *
+	 * @param in
+	 *            {@link InputStream} to read the base-85 encoded patch data
+	 *            from
+	 */
+	public BinaryHunkInputStream(InputStream in) {
+		this.in = in;
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public int read() throws IOException {
+		if (pos < 0) {
+			return -1;
+		}
+		if (buffer == null || pos == buffer.length) {
+			fillBuffer();
+		}
+		if (pos >= 0) {
+			return buffer[pos++] & 0xFF;
+		}
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public void close() throws IOException {
+		in.close();
+		buffer = null;
+	}
+
+	private void fillBuffer() throws IOException {
+		int length = in.read();
+		if (length < 0) {
+			pos = length;
+			buffer = null;
+			return;
+		}
+		lineNumber++;
+		// Length is encoded with characters, A..Z for 1..26 and a..z for 27..52
+		if ('A' <= length && length <= 'Z') {
+			length = length - 'A' + 1;
+		} else if ('a' <= length && length <= 'z') {
+			length = length - 'a' + 27;
+		} else {
+			throw new StreamCorruptedException(MessageFormat.format(
+					JGitText.get().binaryHunkInvalidLength,
+					Integer.valueOf(lineNumber), Integer.toHexString(length)));
+		}
+		byte[] encoded = new byte[Base85.encodedLength(length)];
+		for (int i = 0; i < encoded.length; i++) {
+			int b = in.read();
+			if (b < 0 || b == '\n') {
+				throw new EOFException(MessageFormat.format(
+						JGitText.get().binaryHunkInvalidLength,
+						Integer.valueOf(lineNumber)));
+			}
+			encoded[i] = (byte) b;
+		}
+		// Must be followed by a newline; tolerate EOF.
+		int b = in.read();
+		if (b >= 0 && b != '\n') {
+			throw new StreamCorruptedException(MessageFormat.format(
+					JGitText.get().binaryHunkMissingNewline,
+					Integer.valueOf(lineNumber)));
+		}
+		try {
+			buffer = Base85.decode(encoded, length);
+		} catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
+			StreamCorruptedException ex = new StreamCorruptedException(
+					MessageFormat.format(JGitText.get().binaryHunkDecodeError,
+							Integer.valueOf(lineNumber)));
+			ex.initCause(e);
+			throw ex;
+		}
+		pos = 0;
+	}
+}
diff --git a/org.eclipse.jgit/src/org/eclipse/jgit/util/io/BinaryHunkOutputStream.java b/org.eclipse.jgit/src/org/eclipse/jgit/util/io/BinaryHunkOutputStream.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..30551c09fd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/org.eclipse.jgit/src/org/eclipse/jgit/util/io/BinaryHunkOutputStream.java
@@ -0,0 +1,116 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2021 Thomas Wolf <thomas.wolf@paranor.ch> and others
+ *
+ * This program and the accompanying materials are made available under the
+ * terms of the Eclipse Distribution License v. 1.0 which is available at
+ * https://www.eclipse.org/org/documents/edl-v10.php.
+ *
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+ */
+package org.eclipse.jgit.util.io;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.OutputStream;
+
+import org.eclipse.jgit.util.Base85;
+
+/**
+ * An {@link OutputStream} that encodes data for a git binary patch.
+ *
+ * @since 5.12
+ */
+public class BinaryHunkOutputStream extends OutputStream {
+
+	private static final int MAX_BYTES = 52;
+
+	private final OutputStream out;
+
+	private final byte[] buffer = new byte[MAX_BYTES];
+
+	private int pos;
+
+	/**
+	 * Creates a new {@link BinaryHunkOutputStream}.
+	 *
+	 * @param out
+	 *            {@link OutputStream} to write the encoded data to
+	 */
+	public BinaryHunkOutputStream(OutputStream out) {
+		this.out = out;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Flushes and closes this stream, and closes the underlying
+	 * {@link OutputStream}.
+	 */
+	@Override
+	public void close() throws IOException {
+		flush();
+		out.close();
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Writes any buffered output as a binary patch line to the underlying
+	 * {@link OutputStream} and flushes that stream, too.
+	 */
+	@Override
+	public void flush() throws IOException {
+		if (pos > 0) {
+			encode(buffer, 0, pos);
+			pos = 0;
+		}
+		out.flush();
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public void write(int b) throws IOException {
+		buffer[pos++] = (byte) b;
+		if (pos == buffer.length) {
+			encode(buffer, 0, pos);
+			pos = 0;
+		}
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public void write(byte[] b, int off, int len) throws IOException {
+		if (len == 0) {
+			return;
+		}
+		int toCopy = len;
+		int in = off;
+		if (pos > 0) {
+			// Fill the buffer
+			int chunk = Math.min(toCopy, buffer.length - pos);
+			System.arraycopy(b, in, buffer, pos, chunk);
+			in += chunk;
+			pos += chunk;
+			toCopy -= chunk;
+			if (pos == buffer.length) {
+				encode(buffer, 0, pos);
+				pos = 0;
+			}
+			if (toCopy == 0) {
+				return;
+			}
+		}
+		while (toCopy >= MAX_BYTES) {
+			encode(b, in, MAX_BYTES);
+			toCopy -= MAX_BYTES;
+			in += MAX_BYTES;
+		}
+		if (toCopy > 0) {
+			System.arraycopy(b, in, buffer, 0, toCopy);
+			pos = toCopy;
+		}
+	}
+
+	private void encode(byte[] data, int off, int length) throws IOException {
+		if (length <= 26) {
+			out.write('A' + length - 1);
+		} else {
+			out.write('a' + length - 27);
+		}
+		out.write(Base85.encode(data, off, length));
+		out.write('\n');
+	}
+}