Merged branch Temp_PDF_ObjectStreams

git-svn-id: https://svn.apache.org/repos/asf/xmlgraphics/fop/trunk@1305467 13f79535-47bb-0310-9956-ffa450edef68

checkstyle-5.5.xml

@@ -255,14 +255,6 @@
     <module name="UpperEll"/>
     <!-- ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... -->
 
-    <!-- ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... -->
-    <module name="VisibilityModifier">
-      <property name="packageAllowed" value="false"/>
-      <property name="protectedAllowed" value="true"/>
-      <property name="publicMemberPattern" value="^serialVersionUID"/>
-    </module>
-    <!-- ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... -->
-
     <!-- ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... -->
     <module name="WhitespaceAfter">
       <property name="tokens" value="COMMA,SEMI"/>                                                              <!-- adding TYPECAST produces 2203 new errors -->

src/java/org/apache/fop/pdf/AbstractPDFStream.java

@@ -29,16 +29,48 @@ import org.apache.fop.util.CloseBlockerOutputStream;
 /**
  * This is an abstract base class for PDF streams.
  */
-public abstract class AbstractPDFStream extends PDFDictionary {
+public abstract class AbstractPDFStream extends PDFObject {
+
+    private final PDFDictionary dictionary;
 
     /** The filters that should be applied */
     private PDFFilterList filters;
 
+    private final boolean encodeOnTheFly;
+
+    protected AbstractPDFStream() {
+        this(true);
+    }
+
+    protected AbstractPDFStream(PDFDictionary dictionary) {
+        this(dictionary, true);
+    }
+
+    protected AbstractPDFStream(boolean encodeOnTheFly) {
+        this(new PDFDictionary(), encodeOnTheFly);
+    }
+
+    protected AbstractPDFStream(PDFDictionary dictionary, boolean encodeOnTheFly) {
+        this.dictionary = dictionary;
+        this.encodeOnTheFly = encodeOnTheFly;
+    }
+
+    protected final PDFDictionary getDictionary() {
+        return dictionary;
+    }
+
+    protected Object get(String key) {
+        return dictionary.get(key);
+    }
+
     /**
-     * Constructor for AbstractPDFStream.
+     * Puts the given object in the dictionary associated to this stream.
+     *
+     * @param key the key in the dictionary
+     * @param value the value to store
      */
-    public AbstractPDFStream() {
-        super();
+    public void put(String key, Object value) {
+        dictionary.put(key, value);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -180,17 +212,16 @@ public abstract class AbstractPDFStream extends PDFDictionary {
      * {@inheritDoc}
      */
     @Override
-    protected int output(OutputStream stream) throws IOException {
+    public int output(OutputStream stream) throws IOException {
         setupFilterList();
 
         CountingOutputStream cout = new CountingOutputStream(stream);
         StringBuilder textBuffer = new StringBuilder(64);
-        textBuffer.append(getObjectID());
 
         StreamCache encodedStream = null;
         PDFNumber refLength = null;
         final Object lengthEntry;
-        if (isEncodingOnTheFly()) {
+        if (encodeOnTheFly) {
             refLength = new PDFNumber();
             getDocumentSafely().registerObject(refLength);
             lengthEntry = refLength;
@@ -200,7 +231,7 @@ public abstract class AbstractPDFStream extends PDFDictionary {
         }
 
         populateStreamDict(lengthEntry);
-        writeDictionary(cout, textBuffer);
+        dictionary.writeDictionary(cout, textBuffer);
 
         //Send encoded stream to target OutputStream
         PDFDocument.flushTextBuffer(textBuffer, cout);
@@ -211,18 +242,14 @@ public abstract class AbstractPDFStream extends PDFDictionary {
             encodedStream.clear(); //Encoded stream can now be discarded
         }
 
-        textBuffer.append("\nendobj\n");
         PDFDocument.flushTextBuffer(textBuffer, cout);
         return cout.getCount();
     }
 
-    /**
-     * Indicates whether encoding may happen without buffering the encoded data. If this method
-     * returns true, the /Length entry will be an indirect object, a direct object otherwise.
-     * @return true if encoding should happen "on the fly"
-     */
-    protected boolean isEncodingOnTheFly() {
-        return getDocument().isEncodingOnTheFly();
+    @Override
+    public void setDocument(PDFDocument doc) {
+        dictionary.setDocument(doc);
+        super.setDocument(doc);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -233,7 +260,7 @@ public abstract class AbstractPDFStream extends PDFDictionary {
     protected void populateStreamDict(Object lengthEntry) {
         put("Length", lengthEntry);
         if (!getFilterList().isDisableAllFilters()) {
-            getFilterList().putFilterDictEntries(this);
+            getFilterList().putFilterDictEntries(dictionary);
         }
     }
 

src/java/org/apache/fop/pdf/CompressedObject.java

@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+/* $Id$ */
+
+package org.apache.fop.pdf;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.OutputStream;
+
+/**
+ * Represents a PDF object that may appear in an object stream. An object stream is a PDF
+ * stream whose content is a sequence of PDF objects. See Section 3.4.6 of the PDF 1.5
+ * Reference.
+ */
+interface CompressedObject {
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the object number of this indirect object. Note that a compressed object
+     * must have a generation number of 0.
+     *
+     * @return the object number.
+     */
+    int getObjectNumber();
+
+    /**
+     * Outputs this object's content into the given stream.
+     *
+     * @param outputStream a stream, likely to be provided by the containing object stream
+     * @return the number of bytes written to the stream
+     * @throws IOException
+     */
+    int output(OutputStream outputStream) throws IOException;
+
+}

src/java/org/apache/fop/pdf/ObjectStream.java

@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+/* $Id$ */
+
+package org.apache.fop.pdf;
+
+import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.OutputStream;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+
+import org.apache.fop.pdf.xref.CompressedObjectReference;
+
+/**
+ * An object stream, as described in section 3.4.6 of the PDF 1.5 Reference.
+ */
+public class ObjectStream extends PDFStream {
+
+    private static final PDFName OBJ_STM = new PDFName("ObjStm");
+
+    private List<CompressedObject> objects = new ArrayList<CompressedObject>();
+
+    private int firstObjectOffset;
+
+    ObjectStream() {
+        super(false);
+    }
+
+    ObjectStream(ObjectStream previous) {
+        this();
+        put("Extends", previous);
+    }
+
+    CompressedObjectReference addObject(CompressedObject obj) {
+        if (obj == null) {
+            throw new NullPointerException("obj must not be null");
+        }
+        CompressedObjectReference reference = new CompressedObjectReference(obj.getObjectNumber(),
+                getObjectNumber(), objects.size());
+        objects.add(obj);
+        return reference;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected void outputRawStreamData(OutputStream out) throws IOException {
+        int currentOffset = 0;
+        StringBuilder offsetsPart = new StringBuilder();
+        ByteArrayOutputStream streamContent = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+        for (CompressedObject object : objects) {
+            offsetsPart.append(object.getObjectNumber())
+                    .append(' ')
+                    .append(currentOffset)
+                    .append('\n');
+            currentOffset += object.output(streamContent);
+        }
+        byte[] offsets = PDFDocument.encode(offsetsPart.toString());
+        firstObjectOffset = offsets.length;
+        out.write(offsets);
+        streamContent.writeTo(out);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected void populateStreamDict(Object lengthEntry) {
+        put("Type", OBJ_STM);
+        put("N", objects.size());
+        put("First", firstObjectOffset);
+        super.populateStreamDict(lengthEntry);
+    }
+}

src/java/org/apache/fop/pdf/ObjectStreamManager.java

@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+/* $Id$ */
+
+package org.apache.fop.pdf;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+
+import org.apache.fop.pdf.xref.CompressedObjectReference;
+
+/**
+ * Manages a collection of object streams, creating new streams as necessary to keep the
+ * number of objects in each stream at the recommended value. Streams are related to each
+ * other through the use of the Extends entry in the stream dictionary.
+ */
+class ObjectStreamManager {
+
+    private static final int OBJECT_STREAM_CAPACITY = 100;
+
+    private final PDFDocument pdfDocument;
+
+    private final List<CompressedObjectReference> compressedObjectReferences;
+
+    private int numObjectsInStream;
+
+    private ObjectStream currentObjectStream;
+
+    ObjectStreamManager(PDFDocument pdfDocument) {
+        this.pdfDocument = pdfDocument;
+        createObjectStream();
+        compressedObjectReferences = new ArrayList<CompressedObjectReference>();
+    }
+
+    void add(CompressedObject compressedObject) {
+        if (numObjectsInStream++ == OBJECT_STREAM_CAPACITY) {
+            createObjectStream();
+            numObjectsInStream = 1;
+        }
+        compressedObjectReferences.add(currentObjectStream.addObject(compressedObject));
+    }
+
+    private void createObjectStream() {
+        currentObjectStream = currentObjectStream == null
+                ? new ObjectStream()
+                : new ObjectStream(currentObjectStream);
+        pdfDocument.assignObjectNumber(currentObjectStream);
+        pdfDocument.addTrailerObject(currentObjectStream);
+    }
+
+    List<CompressedObjectReference> getCompressedObjectReferences() {
+        return compressedObjectReferences;
+    }
+}

src/java/org/apache/fop/pdf/PDFAnnotList.java

@@ -58,22 +58,19 @@ public class PDFAnnotList extends PDFObject {
      */
     public String toPDFString() {
         StringBuffer p = new StringBuffer(128);
-        p.append(getObjectID());
         p.append("[\n");
         for (int i = 0; i < getCount(); i++) {
             p.append(((PDFObject)links.get(i)).referencePDF());
             p.append("\n");
         }
-        p.append("]\nendobj\n");
+        p.append("]");
         return p.toString();
     }
 
     /*
      * example
-     * 20 0 obj
      * [
      * 19 0 R
      * ]
-     * endobj
      */
 }

src/java/org/apache/fop/pdf/PDFArray.java

@@ -21,7 +21,6 @@ package org.apache.fop.pdf;
 
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.io.OutputStream;
-import java.util.Collection;
 import java.util.List;
 
 import org.apache.commons.io.output.CountingOutputStream;
@@ -48,7 +47,7 @@ public class PDFArray extends PDFObject {
      * Create a new, empty array object with no parent.
      */
     public PDFArray() {
-        this(null);
+        this((PDFObject) null);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -84,13 +83,22 @@ public class PDFArray extends PDFObject {
      * @param parent the array's parent if any
      * @param values the actual values wrapped by this object
      */
-    public PDFArray(PDFObject parent, Collection<Object> values) {
+    public PDFArray(PDFObject parent, List<?> values) {
         /* generic creation of PDF object */
         super(parent);
 
         this.values.addAll(values);
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Creates an array object made of the given elements.
+     *
+     * @param elements the array content
+     */
+    public PDFArray(Object... elements) {
+        this(null, elements);
+    }
+
     /**
      * Create the array object
      * @param parent the array's parent if any
@@ -180,13 +188,9 @@ public class PDFArray extends PDFObject {
 
     /** {@inheritDoc} */
     @Override
-    protected int output(OutputStream stream) throws IOException {
+    public int output(OutputStream stream) throws IOException {
         CountingOutputStream cout = new CountingOutputStream(stream);
         StringBuilder textBuffer = new StringBuilder(64);
-        if (hasObjectNumber()) {
-            textBuffer.append(getObjectID());
-        }
-
         textBuffer.append('[');
         for (int i = 0; i < values.size(); i++) {
             if (i > 0) {
@@ -196,11 +200,6 @@ public class PDFArray extends PDFObject {
             formatObject(obj, cout, textBuffer);
         }
         textBuffer.append(']');
-
-        if (hasObjectNumber()) {
-            textBuffer.append("\nendobj\n");
-        }
-
         PDFDocument.flushTextBuffer(textBuffer, cout);
         return cout.getCount();
     }

src/java/org/apache/fop/pdf/PDFCIDFont.java

@@ -200,7 +200,6 @@ public class PDFCIDFont extends PDFObject {
      */
     public String toPDFString() {
         StringBuffer p = new StringBuffer(128);
-        p.append(getObjectID());
         p.append("<< /Type /Font");
         p.append("\n/BaseFont /");
         p.append(this.basefont);
@@ -234,14 +233,13 @@ public class PDFCIDFont extends PDFObject {
             p.append("\n/DW2 [");    // always two values, see p 211
             p.append(this.dw2[0]);
             p.append(this.dw2[1]);
-            p.append("] \n>>\nendobj\n");
+            p.append("]");
         }
         if (w2 != null) {
             p.append("\n/W2 ");
             p.append(w2.toPDFString());
-            p.append(" \n>>\nendobj\n");
         }
-        p.append(" \n>>\nendobj\n");
+        p.append("\n>>");
         return p.toString();
     }
 

src/java/org/apache/fop/pdf/PDFCMap.java

@@ -423,7 +423,7 @@ public class PDFCMap extends PDFStream {
     }
 
     /** {@inheritDoc} */
-    protected int output(OutputStream stream) throws IOException {
+    public int output(OutputStream stream) throws IOException {
         CMapBuilder builder = createCMapBuilder(getBufferWriter());
         builder.writeCMap();
         return super.output(stream);

src/java/org/apache/fop/pdf/PDFDestination.java

@@ -50,9 +50,8 @@ public class PDFDestination extends PDFObject {
         this.idRef = idRef;
     }
 
-    /** {@inheritDoc} */
     @Override
-    protected int output(OutputStream stream) throws IOException {
+    public int output(OutputStream stream) throws IOException {
         CountingOutputStream cout = new CountingOutputStream(stream);
         StringBuilder textBuffer = new StringBuilder(64);
 

src/java/org/apache/fop/pdf/PDFDictionary.java

@@ -98,19 +98,10 @@ public class PDFDictionary extends PDFObject {
 
     /** {@inheritDoc} */
     @Override
-    protected int output(OutputStream stream) throws IOException {
+    public int output(OutputStream stream) throws IOException {
         CountingOutputStream cout = new CountingOutputStream(stream);
         StringBuilder textBuffer = new StringBuilder(64);
-        if (hasObjectNumber()) {
-            textBuffer.append(getObjectID());
-        }
-
         writeDictionary(cout, textBuffer);
-
-        if (hasObjectNumber()) {
-            textBuffer.append("\nendobj\n");
-        }
-
         PDFDocument.flushTextBuffer(textBuffer, cout);
         return cout.getCount();
     }

src/java/org/apache/fop/pdf/PDFDocument.java

@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ import java.io.OutputStream;
 import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
 import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
 import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Collection;
 import java.util.Collections;
 import java.util.Date;
 import java.util.HashMap;
@@ -37,6 +38,10 @@ import java.util.Map;
 import org.apache.commons.logging.Log;
 import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory;
 
+import org.apache.fop.pdf.xref.CrossReferenceStream;
+import org.apache.fop.pdf.xref.CrossReferenceTable;
+import org.apache.fop.pdf.xref.TrailerDictionary;
+
 /* image support modified from work of BoBoGi */
 /* font support based on work by Takayuki Takeuchi */
 
@@ -63,31 +68,28 @@ import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory;
  */
 public class PDFDocument {
 
-    private static final Long LOCATION_PLACEHOLDER = new Long(0);
-
     /** the encoding to use when converting strings to PDF commands */
     public static final String ENCODING = "ISO-8859-1";
 
     /** the counter for object numbering */
-    protected int objectcount = 0;
+    protected int objectcount;
 
     /** the logger instance */
     private Log log = LogFactory.getLog("org.apache.fop.pdf");
 
     /** the current character position */
-    private long position = 0;
-
-    /** character position of xref table */
-    private long xref;
+    private long position;
 
     /** the character position of each object */
-    private List<Long> location = new ArrayList<Long>();
+    private List<Long> indirectObjectOffsets = new ArrayList<Long>();
+
+    private Collection<PDFStructElem> structureTreeElements;
 
     /** List of objects to write in the trailer */
-    private List trailerObjects = new ArrayList();
+    private List<PDFObject> trailerObjects = new ArrayList<PDFObject>();
 
     /** the objects themselves */
-    private List objects = new LinkedList();
+    private List<PDFObject> objects = new LinkedList<PDFObject>();
 
     /** Controls the PDF version of this document */
     private VersionController versionController;
@@ -99,7 +101,7 @@ public class PDFDocument {
     private PDFRoot root;
 
     /** The root outline object */
-    private PDFOutline outlineRoot = null;
+    private PDFOutline outlineRoot;
 
     /** The /Pages object (mark-fop@inomial.com) */
     private PDFPages pages;
@@ -118,66 +120,47 @@ public class PDFDocument {
         = new PDFDeviceColorSpace(PDFDeviceColorSpace.DEVICE_RGB);
 
     /** the counter for Pattern name numbering (e.g. 'Pattern1') */
-    private int patternCount = 0;
+    private int patternCount;
 
     /** the counter for Shading name numbering */
-    private int shadingCount = 0;
+    private int shadingCount;
 
     /** the counter for XObject numbering */
-    private int xObjectCount = 0;
+    private int xObjectCount;
 
-    /** the {@link PDFXObject}s map */
     /* TODO: Should be modified (works only for image subtype) */
-    private Map xObjectsMap = new HashMap();
-
-    /** The {@link PDFFont} map */
-    private Map fontMap = new HashMap();
+    private Map<String, PDFXObject> xObjectsMap = new HashMap<String, PDFXObject>();
 
-    /** The {@link PDFFilter} map */
-    private Map filterMap = new HashMap();
+    private Map<String, PDFFont> fontMap = new HashMap<String, PDFFont>();
 
-    /** List of {@link PDFGState}s. */
-    private List gstates = new ArrayList();
+    private Map<String, List<String>> filterMap = new HashMap<String, List<String>>();
 
-    /** List of {@link PDFFunction}s. */
-    private List functions = new ArrayList();
+    private List<PDFGState> gstates = new ArrayList<PDFGState>();
 
-    /** List of {@link PDFShading}s. */
-    private List shadings = new ArrayList();
+    private List<PDFFunction> functions = new ArrayList<PDFFunction>();
 
-    /** List of {@link PDFPattern}s. */
-    private List patterns = new ArrayList();
+    private List<PDFShading> shadings = new ArrayList<PDFShading>();
 
-    /** List of {@link PDFLink}s. */
-    private List links = new ArrayList();
+    private List<PDFPattern> patterns = new ArrayList<PDFPattern>();
 
-    /** List of {@link PDFDestination}s. */
-    private List destinations;
+    private List<PDFLink> links = new ArrayList<PDFLink>();
 
-    /** List of {@link PDFFileSpec}s. */
-    private List filespecs = new ArrayList();
+    private List<PDFDestination> destinations;
 
-    /** List of {@link PDFGoToRemote}s. */
-    private List gotoremotes = new ArrayList();
+    private List<PDFFileSpec> filespecs = new ArrayList<PDFFileSpec>();
 
-    /** List of {@link PDFGoTo}s. */
-    private List gotos = new ArrayList();
+    private List<PDFGoToRemote> gotoremotes = new ArrayList<PDFGoToRemote>();
 
-    /** List of {@link PDFLaunch}es. */
-    private List launches = new ArrayList();
+    private List<PDFGoTo> gotos = new ArrayList<PDFGoTo>();
 
-    /**
-     * The PDFDests object for the name dictionary.
-     * Note: This object is not a list.
-     */
-    private PDFDests dests;
+    private List<PDFLaunch> launches = new ArrayList<PDFLaunch>();
 
     private PDFFactory factory;
 
-    private boolean encodingOnTheFly = true;
-
     private FileIDGenerator fileIDGenerator;
 
+    private boolean accessibilityEnabled;
+
     /**
      * Creates an empty PDF document.
      *
@@ -265,17 +248,6 @@ public class PDFDocument {
         return this.factory;
     }
 
-    /**
-     * Indicates whether stream encoding on-the-fly is enabled. If enabled
-     * stream can be serialized without the need for a buffer to merely
-     * calculate the stream length.
-     *
-     * @return <code>true</code> if on-the-fly encoding is enabled
-     */
-    public boolean isEncodingOnTheFly() {
-        return this.encodingOnTheFly;
-    }
-
     /**
      * Converts text to a byte array for writing to a PDF file.
      *
@@ -336,7 +308,7 @@ public class PDFDocument {
      *
      * @param map the map of filter lists for each stream type
      */
-    public void setFilterMap(Map map) {
+    public void setFilterMap(Map<String, List<String>> map) {
         this.filterMap = map;
     }
 
@@ -345,7 +317,7 @@ public class PDFDocument {
      *
      * @return the map of filters being used
      */
-    public Map getFilterMap() {
+    public Map<String, List<String>> getFilterMap() {
         return this.filterMap;
     }
 
@@ -367,6 +339,37 @@ public class PDFDocument {
         return this.root;
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Creates and returns a StructTreeRoot object.
+     *
+     * @param parentTree the value of the ParenTree entry
+     * @return the structure tree root
+     */
+    public PDFStructTreeRoot makeStructTreeRoot(PDFParentTree parentTree) {
+        PDFStructTreeRoot structTreeRoot = new PDFStructTreeRoot(parentTree);
+        assignObjectNumber(structTreeRoot);
+        addTrailerObject(structTreeRoot);
+        root.setStructTreeRoot(structTreeRoot);
+        structureTreeElements = new ArrayList<PDFStructElem>();
+        return structTreeRoot;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates and returns a structure element.
+     *
+     * @param structureType the structure type of the new element (value for the
+     * S entry)
+     * @param parent the parent of the new structure element in the structure
+     * hierarchy
+     * @return a dictionary of type StructElem
+     */
+    public PDFStructElem makeStructureElement(PDFName structureType, PDFObject parent) {
+        PDFStructElem structElem = new PDFStructElem(parent, structureType);
+        assignObjectNumber(structElem);
+        structureTreeElements.add(structElem);
+        return structElem;
+    }
+
     /**
      * Get the {@link PDFInfo} object for this document.
      *
@@ -439,39 +442,39 @@ public class PDFDocument {
 
         //Add object to special lists where necessary
         if (obj instanceof PDFFunction) {
-            this.functions.add(obj);
+            this.functions.add((PDFFunction) obj);
         }
         if (obj instanceof PDFShading) {
             final String shadingName = "Sh" + (++this.shadingCount);
             ((PDFShading)obj).setName(shadingName);
-            this.shadings.add(obj);
+            this.shadings.add((PDFShading) obj);
         }
         if (obj instanceof PDFPattern) {
             final String patternName = "Pa" + (++this.patternCount);
             ((PDFPattern)obj).setName(patternName);
-            this.patterns.add(obj);
+            this.patterns.add((PDFPattern) obj);
         }
         if (obj instanceof PDFFont) {
             final PDFFont font = (PDFFont)obj;
             this.fontMap.put(font.getName(), font);
         }
         if (obj instanceof PDFGState) {
-            this.gstates.add(obj);
+            this.gstates.add((PDFGState) obj);
         }
         if (obj instanceof PDFPage) {
             this.pages.notifyKidRegistered((PDFPage)obj);
         }
         if (obj instanceof PDFLaunch) {
-            this.launches.add(obj);
+            this.launches.add((PDFLaunch) obj);
         }
         if (obj instanceof PDFLink) {
-            this.links.add(obj);
+            this.links.add((PDFLink) obj);
         }
         if (obj instanceof PDFFileSpec) {
-            this.filespecs.add(obj);
+            this.filespecs.add((PDFFileSpec) obj);
         }
         if (obj instanceof PDFGoToRemote) {
-            this.gotoremotes.add(obj);
+            this.gotoremotes.add((PDFGoToRemote) obj);
         }
     }
 
@@ -485,7 +488,7 @@ public class PDFDocument {
         this.trailerObjects.add(obj);
 
         if (obj instanceof PDFGoTo) {
-            this.gotos.add(obj);
+            this.gotos.add((PDFGoTo) obj);
         }
     }
 
@@ -537,9 +540,8 @@ public class PDFDocument {
         return this.encryption;
     }
 
-    private Object findPDFObject(List list, PDFObject compare) {
-        for (Iterator iter = list.iterator(); iter.hasNext();) {
-            PDFObject obj = (PDFObject) iter.next();
+    private Object findPDFObject(List<? extends PDFObject> list, PDFObject compare) {
+        for (PDFObject obj : list) {
             if (compare.contentEquals(obj)) {
                 return obj;
             }
@@ -589,7 +591,7 @@ public class PDFDocument {
      * @return PDFFont the requested font, null if it wasn't found
      */
     protected PDFFont findFont(String fontname) {
-        return (PDFFont)this.fontMap.get(fontname);
+        return this.fontMap.get(fontname);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -601,7 +603,7 @@ public class PDFDocument {
     protected PDFDestination findDestination(PDFDestination compare) {
         int index = getDestinationList().indexOf(compare);
         if (index >= 0) {
-            return (PDFDestination)getDestinationList().get(index);
+            return getDestinationList().get(index);
         } else {
             return null;
         }
@@ -666,9 +668,9 @@ public class PDFDocument {
      */
     protected PDFGState findGState(PDFGState wanted, PDFGState current) {
         PDFGState poss;
-        Iterator iter = this.gstates.iterator();
+        Iterator<PDFGState> iter = this.gstates.iterator();
         while (iter.hasNext()) {
-            PDFGState avail = (PDFGState)iter.next();
+            PDFGState avail = iter.next();
             poss = new PDFGState();
             poss.addValues(current);
             poss.addValues(avail);
@@ -712,7 +714,7 @@ public class PDFDocument {
      *
      * @return the map of fonts used in this document
      */
-    public Map getFontMap() {
+    public Map<String, PDFFont> getFontMap() {
         return this.fontMap;
     }
 
@@ -753,16 +755,7 @@ public class PDFDocument {
      * @return the PDFXObject for the key if found
      */
     public PDFXObject getXObject(String key) {
-        return (PDFXObject)this.xObjectsMap.get(key);
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Gets the PDFDests object (which represents the /Dests entry).
-     *
-     * @return the PDFDests object (which represents the /Dests entry).
-     */
-    public PDFDests getDests() {
-        return this.dests;
+        return this.xObjectsMap.get(key);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -771,7 +764,7 @@ public class PDFDocument {
      */
     public void addDestination(PDFDestination destination) {
         if (this.destinations == null) {
-            this.destinations = new ArrayList();
+            this.destinations = new ArrayList<PDFDestination>();
         }
         this.destinations.add(destination);
     }
@@ -781,11 +774,11 @@ public class PDFDocument {
      *
      * @return the list of named destinations.
      */
-    public List getDestinationList() {
+    public List<PDFDestination> getDestinationList() {
         if (hasDestinations()) {
             return this.destinations;
         } else {
-            return Collections.EMPTY_LIST;
+            return Collections.emptyList();
         }
     }
 
@@ -900,17 +893,8 @@ public class PDFDocument {
         return this.resources;
     }
 
-    /**
-     * Ensure there is room in the locations xref for the number of
-     * objects that have been created.
-     * @param objidx    the object's index
-     * @param position  the position
-     */
-    private void setLocation(int objidx, long position) {
-        while (this.location.size() <= objidx) {
-            this.location.add(LOCATION_PLACEHOLDER);
-        }
-        this.location.set(objidx, position);
+    public void enableAccessibility(boolean enableAccessibility) {
+        this.accessibilityEnabled = enableAccessibility;
     }
 
     /**
@@ -924,23 +908,50 @@ public class PDFDocument {
         //LinkedList) allows for output() methods to create and register objects
         //on the fly even during serialization.
         while (this.objects.size() > 0) {
-            /* Retrieve first */
-            PDFObject object = (PDFObject)this.objects.remove(0);
-            /*
-             * add the position of this object to the list of object
-             * locations
-             */
-            setLocation(object.getObjectNumber() - 1, this.position);
-
-            /*
-             * output the object and increment the character position
-             * by the object's length
-             */
-            this.position += object.output(stream);
+            PDFObject object = this.objects.remove(0);
+            streamIndirectObject(object, stream);
         }
+    }
 
-        //Clear all objects written to the file
-        //this.objects.clear();
+    private void streamIndirectObject(PDFObject o, OutputStream stream) throws IOException {
+        recordObjectOffset(o);
+        this.position += outputIndirectObject(o, stream);
+    }
+
+    private void streamIndirectObjects(Collection<? extends PDFObject> objects, OutputStream stream)
+            throws IOException {
+        for (PDFObject o : objects) {
+            streamIndirectObject(o, stream);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void recordObjectOffset(PDFObject object) {
+        int index = object.getObjectNumber() - 1;
+        while (indirectObjectOffsets.size() <= index) {
+            indirectObjectOffsets.add(null);
+        }
+        indirectObjectOffsets.set(index, position);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Outputs the given object, wrapped by obj/endobj, to the given stream.
+     *
+     * @param object an indirect object, as described in Section 3.2.9 of the PDF 1.5
+     * Reference.
+     * @param stream the stream to which the object must be output
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the object is not an indirect object
+     */
+    public static int outputIndirectObject(PDFObject object, OutputStream stream)
+            throws IOException {
+        if (!object.hasObjectNumber()) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Not an indirect object");
+        }
+        byte[] obj = encode(object.getObjectID());
+        stream.write(obj);
+        int length = object.output(stream);
+        byte[] endobj = encode("\nendobj\n");
+        stream.write(endobj);
+        return obj.length + length + endobj.length;
     }
 
     /**
@@ -980,89 +991,102 @@ public class PDFDocument {
      * @throws IOException if there is an exception writing to the output stream
      */
     public void outputTrailer(OutputStream stream) throws IOException {
+        createDestinations();
+        output(stream);
+        outputTrailerObjectsAndXref(stream);
+    }
+
+    private void createDestinations() {
         if (hasDestinations()) {
             Collections.sort(this.destinations, new DestinationComparator());
-            this.dests = getFactory().makeDests(this.destinations);
+            PDFDests dests = getFactory().makeDests(this.destinations);
             if (this.root.getNames() == null) {
                 this.root.setNames(getFactory().makeNames());
             }
             this.root.getNames().setDests(dests);
         }
-        output(stream);
-        for (int count = 0; count < this.trailerObjects.size(); count++) {
-            PDFObject o = (PDFObject)this.trailerObjects.get(count);
-            setLocation(o.getObjectNumber() - 1, this.position);
-            this.position += o.output(stream);
+    }
+
+    private void outputTrailerObjectsAndXref(OutputStream stream) throws IOException {
+        TrailerOutputHelper trailerOutputHelper = mayCompressStructureTreeElements()
+                ? new CompressedTrailerOutputHelper()
+                : new UncompressedTrailerOutputHelper();
+        if (structureTreeElements != null) {
+            trailerOutputHelper.outputStructureTreeElements(stream);
         }
-        /* output the xref table and increment the character position
-          by the table's length */
-        this.position += outputXref(stream);
-
-        /* construct the trailer */
-        StringBuffer pdf = new StringBuffer(128);
-        pdf.append("trailer\n<<\n/Size ")
-                .append(this.objectcount + 1)
-                .append("\n/Root ")
-                .append(this.root.referencePDF())
-                .append("\n/Info ")
-                .append(this.info.referencePDF())
-                .append('\n');
-
-        if (this.isEncryptionActive()) {
-            pdf.append(this.encryption.getTrailerEntry());
-        } else {
-            byte[] fileID = getFileIDGenerator().getOriginalFileID();
-            String fileIDAsString = PDFText.toHex(fileID);
-            pdf.append("/ID [" + fileIDAsString + " " + fileIDAsString + "]");
+        streamIndirectObjects(trailerObjects, stream);
+        TrailerDictionary trailerDictionary = createTrailerDictionary();
+        long startxref = trailerOutputHelper.outputCrossReferenceObject(stream, trailerDictionary);
+        String trailer = "startxref\n" + startxref + "\n%%EOF\n";
+        stream.write(encode(trailer));
+    }
+
+    private boolean mayCompressStructureTreeElements() {
+        return accessibilityEnabled
+                && versionController.getPDFVersion().compareTo(Version.V1_5) >= 0;
+    }
+
+    private TrailerDictionary createTrailerDictionary() {
+        FileIDGenerator gen = getFileIDGenerator();
+        TrailerDictionary trailerDictionary = new TrailerDictionary(this)
+                .setRoot(root)
+                .setInfo(info)
+                .setFileID(gen.getOriginalFileID(), gen.getUpdatedFileID());
+        if (isEncryptionActive()) {
+            trailerDictionary.setEncryption(encryption);
         }
+        return trailerDictionary;
+    }
 
-        pdf.append("\n>>\nstartxref\n")
-                .append(this.xref)
-                .append("\n%%EOF\n");
+    private interface TrailerOutputHelper {
 
-        /* write the trailer */
-        stream.write(encode(pdf.toString()));
+        void outputStructureTreeElements(OutputStream stream) throws IOException;
+
+        /**
+         * @return the offset of the cross-reference object (the value of startxref)
+         */
+        long outputCrossReferenceObject(OutputStream stream, TrailerDictionary trailerDictionary)
+                throws IOException;
     }
 
-    /**
-     * Write the xref table
-     *
-     * @param stream the OutputStream to write the xref table to
-     * @return the number of characters written
-     * @throws IOException in case of an error writing the result to
-     *          the parameter stream
-     */
-    private int outputXref(OutputStream stream) throws IOException {
-
-        /* remember position of xref table */
-        this.xref = this.position;
-
-        /* construct initial part of xref */
-        StringBuffer pdf = new StringBuffer(128);
-        pdf.append("xref\n0 ");
-        pdf.append(this.objectcount + 1);
-        pdf.append("\n0000000000 65535 f \n");
-
-        String s;
-        String loc;
-        for (int count = 0; count < this.location.size(); count++) {
-            final String padding = "0000000000";
-            s = this.location.get(count).toString();
-            if (s.length() > 10) {
-                throw new IOException("PDF file too large. PDF cannot grow beyond approx. 9.3GB.");
-            }
+    private class UncompressedTrailerOutputHelper implements TrailerOutputHelper {
 
-            /* contruct xref entry for object */
-            loc = padding.substring(s.length()) + s;
+        public void outputStructureTreeElements(OutputStream stream)
+                throws IOException {
+            streamIndirectObjects(structureTreeElements, stream);
+        }
 
-            /* append to xref table */
-            pdf = pdf.append(loc).append(" 00000 n \n");
+        public long outputCrossReferenceObject(OutputStream stream,
+                TrailerDictionary trailerDictionary) throws IOException {
+            new CrossReferenceTable(trailerDictionary, position,
+                    indirectObjectOffsets).output(stream);
+            return position;
         }
+    }
+
+    private class CompressedTrailerOutputHelper implements TrailerOutputHelper {
+
+        private ObjectStreamManager structureTreeObjectStreams;
 
-        /* write the xref table and return the character length */
-        byte[] pdfBytes = encode(pdf.toString());
-        stream.write(pdfBytes);
-        return pdfBytes.length;
+        public void outputStructureTreeElements(OutputStream stream)
+                throws IOException {
+            assert structureTreeElements.size() > 0;
+            structureTreeObjectStreams = new ObjectStreamManager(PDFDocument.this);
+            for (PDFStructElem structElem : structureTreeElements) {
+                structureTreeObjectStreams.add(structElem);
+            }
+        }
+
+        public long outputCrossReferenceObject(OutputStream stream,
+                TrailerDictionary trailerDictionary) throws IOException {
+            // Outputting the object streams should not have created new indirect objects
+            assert objects.isEmpty();
+            new CrossReferenceStream(PDFDocument.this, ++objectcount, trailerDictionary, position,
+                    indirectObjectOffsets,
+                    structureTreeObjectStreams.getCompressedObjectReferences())
+                    .output(stream);
+            return position;
+        }
     }
 
     long getCurrentFileSize() {

src/java/org/apache/fop/pdf/PDFEncryption.java

@@ -40,8 +40,10 @@ public interface PDFEncryption {
     byte[] encrypt(byte[] data, PDFObject refObj);
 
     /**
-     * Returns the trailer entry for encryption.
-     * @return the trailer entry
+     * Returns the /Encrypt entry in the file trailer dictionary.
+     *
+     * @return the string "/Encrypt n g R\n" where n and g are the number and generation
+     * of the document's encryption dictionary
      */
     String getTrailerEntry();
 }

src/java/org/apache/fop/pdf/PDFEncryptionJCE.java

@@ -69,8 +69,9 @@ public final class PDFEncryptionJCE extends PDFObject implements PDFEncryption {
                     ? new Rev2Engine(encryptionSettings)
                     : new Rev3Engine(encryptionSettings);
             initializationEngine.run();
-            encryptionDictionary = createEncryptionDictionary(getObjectID(), permissions,
-                    initializationEngine.oValue, initializationEngine.uValue);
+            encryptionDictionary = createEncryptionDictionary(permissions,
+                    initializationEngine.oValue,
+                    initializationEngine.uValue);
         }
 
         private void determineEncryptionAlgorithm() {
@@ -91,18 +92,16 @@ public final class PDFEncryptionJCE extends PDFObject implements PDFEncryption {
                     && encryptionParams.isAllowPrintHq();
         }
 
-        private String createEncryptionDictionary(final String objectId, final int permissions,
-                final byte[] oValue, final byte[] uValue) {
-            return objectId
-                    + "<< /Filter /Standard\n"
+        private String createEncryptionDictionary(final int permissions, final byte[] oValue,
+                final byte[] uValue) {
+            return "<< /Filter /Standard\n"
                     + "/V " + version + "\n"
                     + "/R " + revision + "\n"
                     + "/Length " + encryptionLength + "\n"
                     + "/P "  + permissions + "\n"
                     + "/O " + PDFText.toHex(oValue) + "\n"
                     + "/U " + PDFText.toHex(uValue) + "\n"
-                    + ">>\n"
-                    + "endobj\n";
+                    + ">>";
         }
 
     }
@@ -488,14 +487,7 @@ public final class PDFEncryptionJCE extends PDFObject implements PDFEncryption {
 
     /** {@inheritDoc} */
     public String getTrailerEntry() {
-        PDFDocument doc = getDocumentSafely();
-        FileIDGenerator gen = doc.getFileIDGenerator();
-        return "/Encrypt " + getObjectNumber() + " "
-                    + getGeneration() + " R\n"
-                    + "/ID["
-                    + PDFText.toHex(gen.getOriginalFileID())
-                    + PDFText.toHex(gen.getUpdatedFileID())
-                    + "]\n";
+        return "/Encrypt " + getObjectNumber() + " " + getGeneration() + " R\n";
     }
 
     private static byte[] encryptWithKey(byte[] key, byte[] data) {

src/java/org/apache/fop/pdf/PDFFactory.java

@@ -912,35 +912,6 @@ public class PDFFactory {
         return pageLabels;
     }
 
-    /**
-     * Creates and returns a StructTreeRoot object. Used for accessibility.
-     * @param parentTree the value of the ParenTree entry
-     * @return structure Tree Root element
-     */
-    public PDFStructTreeRoot makeStructTreeRoot(PDFParentTree parentTree) {
-        PDFStructTreeRoot structTreeRoot = new PDFStructTreeRoot(parentTree);
-        getDocument().assignObjectNumber(structTreeRoot);
-        getDocument().addTrailerObject(structTreeRoot);
-        getDocument().getRoot().setStructTreeRoot(structTreeRoot);
-        return structTreeRoot;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Creates and returns a StructElem object.
-     *
-     * @param structureType the structure type of the new element (value for the
-     * S entry)
-     * @param parent the parent of the new structure element in the structure
-     * hierarchy
-     * @return the newly created element
-     */
-    public PDFStructElem makeStructureElement(PDFName structureType, PDFObject parent) {
-        PDFStructElem structElem = new PDFStructElem(parent, structureType);
-        getDocument().assignObjectNumber(structElem);
-        getDocument().addTrailerObject(structElem);
-        return structElem;
-    }
-
     /**
      * Make a the head object of the name dictionary (the /Dests object).
      *

src/java/org/apache/fop/pdf/PDFFilterList.java

@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ package org.apache.fop.pdf;
 
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.io.OutputStream;
+import java.util.Collections;
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Map;
 
@@ -47,7 +48,7 @@ public class PDFFilterList {
     /** Key for the filter used for metadata */
     public static final String METADATA_FILTER = "metadata";
 
-    private List filters = new java.util.ArrayList();
+    private List<PDFFilter> filters = new java.util.ArrayList<PDFFilter>();
 
     private boolean ignoreASCIIFilters = false;
 
@@ -197,6 +198,10 @@ public class PDFFilterList {
         }
     }
 
+    List<PDFFilter> getFilters() {
+        return Collections.unmodifiableList(filters);
+    }
+
     /**
      * Apply the filters to the data
      * in the order given and return the /Filter and /DecodeParms
@@ -206,7 +211,7 @@ public class PDFFilterList {
      * @return a String representing the filter list
      */
     protected String buildFilterDictEntries() {
-        if (filters != null && filters.size() > 0) {
+        if (filters.size() > 0) {
             List names = new java.util.ArrayList();
             List parms = new java.util.ArrayList();
 
@@ -229,7 +234,7 @@ public class PDFFilterList {
      * @param dict the PDFDictionary to set the entries on
      */
     protected void putFilterDictEntries(PDFDictionary dict) {
-        if (filters != null && filters.size() > 0) {
+        if (filters.size() > 0) {
             List names = new java.util.ArrayList();
             List parms = new java.util.ArrayList();
 
@@ -358,7 +363,7 @@ public class PDFFilterList {
      */
     public OutputStream applyFilters(OutputStream stream) throws IOException {
         OutputStream out = stream;
-        if (filters != null && !isDisableAllFilters()) {
+        if (!isDisableAllFilters()) {
             for (int count = filters.size() - 1; count >= 0; count--) {
                 PDFFilter filter = (PDFFilter)filters.get(count);
                 out = filter.applyFilter(out);

src/java/org/apache/fop/pdf/PDFFont.java

@@ -174,7 +174,7 @@ public class PDFFont extends PDFDictionary {
     }
 
     /** {@inheritDoc} */
-    protected int output(OutputStream stream) throws IOException {
+    public int output(OutputStream stream) throws IOException {
         validate();
         return super.output(stream);
     }

src/java/org/apache/fop/pdf/PDFFormXObject.java

@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ public class PDFFormXObject extends PDFXObject {
      * @param resources the resource PDF reference
      */
     public PDFFormXObject(int xnumber, PDFStream contents, PDFReference resources) {
-        super();
+        super(contents.getDictionary());
         put("Name", new PDFName("Form" + xnumber));
         this.contents = contents;
 
@@ -160,7 +160,7 @@ public class PDFFormXObject extends PDFXObject {
     }
 
     /** {@inheritDoc} */
-    protected int output(OutputStream stream) throws IOException {
+    public int output(OutputStream stream) throws IOException {
         final int len = super.output(stream);
 
         //Now that the data has been written, it can be discarded.

src/java/org/apache/fop/pdf/PDFFunction.java

@@ -380,8 +380,7 @@ public class PDFFunction extends PDFObject {
         int numberOfFunctions = 0;
         int tempInt = 0;
         StringBuffer p = new StringBuffer(256);
-        p.append(getObjectID()
-                + "<< \n/FunctionType " + this.functionType + " \n");
+        p.append("<< \n/FunctionType " + this.functionType + " \n");
 
         // FunctionType 0
         if (this.functionType == 0) {
@@ -482,15 +481,14 @@ public class PDFFunction extends PDFObject {
                     p.append("] \n");
                 }
             }
-            p.append(">> \n");
+            p.append(">>");
 
             // stream representing the function
             if (this.functionDataStream != null) {
-                p.append("stream\n" + this.functionDataStream
-                         + "\nendstream\n");
+                p.append("\nstream\n" + this.functionDataStream
+                         + "\nendstream");
             }
 
-            p.append("endobj\n");
             // end of if FunctionType 0
 
         } else if (this.functionType == 2) {
@@ -550,7 +548,7 @@ public class PDFFunction extends PDFObject {
                      + PDFNumber.doubleOut(new Double(this.interpolationExponentN))
                      + " \n");
 
-            p.append(">> \nendobj\n");
+            p.append(">>");
 
         } else if (this.functionType
                    == 3) {                       // fix this up when my eyes uncross
@@ -643,10 +641,7 @@ public class PDFFunction extends PDFObject {
                 }
 
             }
-            p.append("] \n");
-
-
-            p.append(">> \nendobj\n");
+            p.append("]\n>>");
         } else if (this.functionType
                    == 4) {                       // fix this up when my eyes uncross
             // DOMAIN
@@ -681,15 +676,14 @@ public class PDFFunction extends PDFObject {
                          + " \n");
             }
 
-            p.append(">> \n");
+            p.append(">>");
 
             // stream representing the function
             if (this.functionDataStream != null) {
-                p.append("stream\n{ " + this.functionDataStream
-                         + " } \nendstream\n");
+                p.append("\nstream\n{ " + this.functionDataStream
+                         + " }\nendstream");
             }
 
-            p.append("endobj\n");
 
         }
 

src/java/org/apache/fop/pdf/PDFGState.java

@@ -149,12 +149,10 @@ public class PDFGState extends PDFObject {
      */
     public String toPDFString() {
         StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer(64);
-        sb.append(getObjectID());
         sb.append("<<\n/Type /ExtGState\n");
         appendVal(sb, GSTATE_ALPHA_NONSTROKE);
         appendVal(sb, GSTATE_ALPHA_STROKE);
-
-        sb.append(">>\nendobj\n");
+        sb.append(">>");
         return sb.toString();
     }
 

src/java/org/apache/fop/pdf/PDFGoTo.java

@@ -124,9 +124,7 @@ public class PDFGoTo extends PDFAction {
         } else {
             dest = "/D [" + this.pageReference + " " + destination + "]\n";
         }
-        return getObjectID()
-                    + "<< /Type /Action\n/S /GoTo\n" + dest
-                    + ">>\nendobj\n";
+        return "<< /Type /Action\n/S /GoTo\n" + dest + ">>";
     }
 
     /*

src/java/org/apache/fop/pdf/PDFGoToRemote.java

@@ -106,7 +106,6 @@ public class PDFGoToRemote extends PDFAction {
      */
     public String toPDFString() {
         StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer(64);
-        sb.append(getObjectID());
         sb.append("<<\n/S /GoToR\n/F ");
         sb.append(pdfFileSpec.toString());
         sb.append("\n");
@@ -121,7 +120,7 @@ public class PDFGoToRemote extends PDFAction {
             sb.append("/NewWindow true");
         }
 
-        sb.append(" \n>>\nendobj\n");
+        sb.append("\n>>");
 
         return sb.toString();
     }

src/java/org/apache/fop/pdf/PDFICCBasedColorSpace.java

@@ -99,9 +99,7 @@ public class PDFICCBasedColorSpace extends PDFObject implements PDFColorSpace {
     @Override
     protected String toPDFString() {
         StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer(64);
-        sb.append(getObjectID());
         sb.append("[/ICCBased ").append(getICCStream().referencePDF()).append("]");
-        sb.append("\nendobj\n");
         return sb.toString();
     }
 

src/java/org/apache/fop/pdf/PDFICCStream.java

@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ public class PDFICCStream extends PDFStream {
      * {@inheritDoc}
      */
     @Override
-    protected int output(java.io.OutputStream stream)
+    public int output(java.io.OutputStream stream)
                 throws java.io.IOException {
         int length = super.output(stream);
         this.cp = null; //Free ICC stream when it's not used anymore

src/java/org/apache/fop/pdf/PDFImageXObject.java

@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ public class PDFImageXObject extends PDFXObject {
      * @throws IOException if there is an error writing the data
      * @return the length of the data written
      */
-    protected int output(OutputStream stream) throws IOException {
+    public int output(OutputStream stream) throws IOException {
         int length = super.output(stream);
 
         // let it gc
@@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ public class PDFImageXObject extends PDFXObject {
             put("SMask", ref);
         }
         //Important: do this at the end so previous values can be overwritten.
-        pdfimage.populateXObjectDictionary(this);
+        pdfimage.populateXObjectDictionary(getDictionary());
     }
 
     /** {@inheritDoc} */

src/java/org/apache/fop/pdf/PDFInfo.java

@@ -169,7 +169,6 @@ public class PDFInfo extends PDFObject {
         PDFProfile profile = getDocumentSafely().getProfile();
         ByteArrayOutputStream bout = new ByteArrayOutputStream(128);
         try {
-            bout.write(encode(getObjectID()));
             bout.write(encode("<<\n"));
             if (title != null && title.length() > 0) {
                 bout.write(encode("/Title "));
@@ -229,7 +228,7 @@ public class PDFInfo extends PDFObject {
                 bout.write(encode("/Trapped /False\n"));
             }
 
-            bout.write(encode(">>\nendobj\n"));
+            bout.write(encode(">>"));
         } catch (IOException ioe) {
             log.error("Ignored I/O exception", ioe);
         }

src/java/org/apache/fop/pdf/PDFLaunch.java

@@ -54,10 +54,9 @@ public class PDFLaunch extends PDFAction {
     /** {@inheritDoc} */
     public String toPDFString() {
         StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer(64);
-        sb.append(getObjectID());
         sb.append("<<\n/S /Launch\n/F ");
         sb.append(externalFileSpec.toString());
-        sb.append(" \n>>\nendobj\n");
+        sb.append("\n>>");
 
         return sb.toString();
     }

src/java/org/apache/fop/pdf/PDFLink.java

@@ -92,15 +92,14 @@ public class PDFLink extends PDFObject {
             f |= 1 << (5 - 1); //NoRotate, bit 5
             fFlag = "/F " + f;
         }
-        String s = getObjectID()
-                   + "<< /Type /Annot\n" + "/Subtype /Link\n" + "/Rect [ "
+        String s = "<< /Type /Annot\n" + "/Subtype /Link\n" + "/Rect [ "
                    + (ulx) + " " + (uly) + " "
                    + (brx) + " " + (bry) + " ]\n" + "/C [ "
                    + this.color + " ]\n" + "/Border [ 0 0 0 ]\n" + "/A "
                    + this.action.getAction() + "\n" + "/H /I\n"
                    + (this.structParent != null
                            ? "/StructParent " + this.structParent.toString() + "\n" : "")
-                   + fFlag + "\n>>\nendobj\n";
+                   + fFlag + "\n>>";
         return s;
     }
 

src/java/org/apache/fop/pdf/PDFMetadata.java

@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ public class PDFMetadata extends PDFStream {
      * byte arrays around so much
      * {@inheritDoc}
      */
-    protected int output(java.io.OutputStream stream)
+    public int output(java.io.OutputStream stream)
                 throws java.io.IOException {
         int length = super.output(stream);
         this.xmpMetadata = null; //Release DOM when it's not used anymore

src/java/org/apache/fop/pdf/PDFName.java

@@ -108,22 +108,11 @@ public class PDFName extends PDFObject {
         return name.hashCode();
     }
 
-
-    /** {@inheritDoc} */
     @Override
-    protected int output(OutputStream stream) throws IOException {
+    public int output(OutputStream stream) throws IOException {
         CountingOutputStream cout = new CountingOutputStream(stream);
         StringBuilder textBuffer = new StringBuilder(64);
-        if (hasObjectNumber()) {
-            textBuffer.append(getObjectID());
-        }
-
         textBuffer.append(toString());
-
-        if (hasObjectNumber()) {
-            textBuffer.append("\nendobj\n");
-        }
-
         PDFDocument.flushTextBuffer(textBuffer, cout);
         return cout.getCount();
     }

src/java/org/apache/fop/pdf/PDFNumber.java

@@ -85,13 +85,7 @@ public class PDFNumber extends PDFObject {
                 "The number of this PDFNumber must not be empty");
         }
         StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer(64);
-        if (hasObjectNumber()) {
-            sb.append(getObjectID());
-        }
         sb.append(doubleOut(getNumber().doubleValue(), 10));
-        if (hasObjectNumber()) {
-            sb.append("\nendobj\n");
-        }
         return sb.toString();
     }
 

src/java/org/apache/fop/pdf/PDFNumsArray.java

@@ -88,13 +88,9 @@ public class PDFNumsArray extends PDFObject {
 
     /** {@inheritDoc} */
     @Override
-    protected int output(OutputStream stream) throws IOException {
+    public int output(OutputStream stream) throws IOException {
         CountingOutputStream cout = new CountingOutputStream(stream);
         StringBuilder textBuffer = new StringBuilder(64);
-        if (hasObjectNumber()) {
-            textBuffer.append(getObjectID());
-        }
-
         textBuffer.append('[');
         boolean first = true;
         for (Map.Entry<Integer, Object> entry : this.map.entrySet()) {
@@ -107,11 +103,6 @@ public class PDFNumsArray extends PDFObject {
             formatObject(entry.getValue(), cout, textBuffer);
         }
         textBuffer.append(']');
-
-        if (hasObjectNumber()) {
-            textBuffer.append("\nendobj\n");
-        }
-
         PDFDocument.flushTextBuffer(textBuffer, cout);
         return cout.getCount();
     }

src/java/org/apache/fop/pdf/PDFObject.java

@@ -204,7 +204,7 @@ public abstract class PDFObject implements PDFWritable {
      * @throws IOException if there is an error writing to the stream
      * @return the number of bytes written
      */
-    protected int output(OutputStream stream) throws IOException {
+    public int output(OutputStream stream) throws IOException {
         byte[] pdf = this.toPDF();
         stream.write(pdf);
         return pdf.length;

src/java/org/apache/fop/pdf/PDFOutline.java

@@ -131,7 +131,6 @@ public class PDFOutline extends PDFObject {
     protected byte[] toPDF() {
         ByteArrayOutputStream bout = new ByteArrayOutputStream(128);
         try {
-            bout.write(encode(getObjectID()));
             bout.write(encode("<<"));
             if (parent == null) {
                 // root Outlines object
@@ -164,7 +163,7 @@ public class PDFOutline extends PDFObject {
                     bout.write(encode(" /A " + actionRef + "\n"));
                 }
             }
-            bout.write(encode(">> endobj\n"));
+            bout.write(encode(">>"));
         } catch (IOException ioe) {
             log.error("Ignored I/O exception", ioe);
         }

src/java/org/apache/fop/pdf/PDFOutputIntent.java

@@ -130,7 +130,6 @@ public class PDFOutputIntent extends PDFObject {
     public byte[] toPDF() {
         ByteArrayOutputStream bout = new ByteArrayOutputStream(128);
         try {
-            bout.write(encode(getObjectID()));
             bout.write(encode("<<\n"));
             bout.write(encode("/Type /OutputIntent\n"));
 
@@ -164,7 +163,7 @@ public class PDFOutputIntent extends PDFObject {
                 bout.write(encode("/DestOutputProfile " + destOutputProfile.referencePDF() + "\n"));
             }
 
-            bout.write(encode(">>\nendobj\n"));
+            bout.write(encode(">>"));
         } catch (IOException ioe) {
             log.error("Ignored I/O exception", ioe);
         }

src/java/org/apache/fop/pdf/PDFPages.java

@@ -109,10 +109,9 @@ public class PDFPages extends PDFObject {
      */
     public String toPDFString() {
         StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer(64);
-        sb.append(getObjectID())
-            .append("<< /Type /Pages\n/Count ")
-            .append(this.getCount())
-            .append("\n/Kids [");
+        sb.append("<< /Type /Pages\n/Count ")
+                .append(this.getCount())
+                .append("\n/Kids [");
         for (int i = 0; i < kids.size(); i++) {
             Object kid = kids.get(i);
             if (kid == null) {
@@ -120,7 +119,7 @@ public class PDFPages extends PDFObject {
             }
             sb.append(kid).append(" ");
         }
-        sb.append("] >>\nendobj\n");
+        sb.append("] >>");
         return sb.toString();
     }
 

src/java/org/apache/fop/pdf/PDFPattern.java

@@ -210,13 +210,12 @@ public class PDFPattern extends PDFPathPaint {
      * @throws IOException if there is an error writing to the stream
      * @return the PDF string.
      */
-    protected int output(OutputStream stream) throws IOException {
+    public int output(OutputStream stream) throws IOException {
 
         int vectorSize = 0;
         int tempInt = 0;
         byte[] buffer;
         StringBuffer p = new StringBuffer(64);
-        p.append(getObjectID());
         p.append("<< \n/Type /Pattern \n");
 
         if (this.resources != null) {
@@ -323,10 +322,6 @@ public class PDFPattern extends PDFPathPaint {
             length += pdfStream.outputStreamData(encodedStream, stream);
         }
 
-        buffer = encode("\nendobj\n");
-        stream.write(buffer);
-        length += buffer.length;
-
         return length;
     }
 

src/java/org/apache/fop/pdf/PDFResources.java

@@ -192,8 +192,8 @@ public class PDFResources extends PDFDictionary {
         return cs;
     }
 
-    /** {@inheritDoc} */
-    protected int output(OutputStream stream) throws IOException {
+    @Override
+    public int output(OutputStream stream) throws IOException {
         populateDictionary();
         return super.output(stream);
     }

src/java/org/apache/fop/pdf/PDFRoot.java

@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ public class PDFRoot extends PDFDictionary {
     }
 
     /** {@inheritDoc} */
-    protected int output(OutputStream stream) throws IOException {
+    public int output(OutputStream stream) throws IOException {
         getDocument().getProfile().verifyTaggedPDF();
         return super.output(stream);
     }

src/java/org/apache/fop/pdf/PDFShading.java

@@ -342,8 +342,7 @@ public class PDFShading extends PDFObject {
         int vectorSize;
         int tempInt;
         StringBuffer p = new StringBuffer(128);
-        p.append(getObjectID()
-            + "<< \n/ShadingType " + this.shadingType + " \n");
+        p.append("<<\n/ShadingType " + this.shadingType + " \n");
         if (this.colorSpace != null) {
             p.append("/ColorSpace /"
                      + this.colorSpace.getName() + " \n");
@@ -528,7 +527,7 @@ public class PDFShading extends PDFObject {
 
         }
 
-        p.append(">> \nendobj\n");
+        p.append(">>");
 
         return (p.toString());
     }

src/java/org/apache/fop/pdf/PDFStream.java

@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ package org.apache.fop.pdf;
 
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.io.OutputStream;
+import java.io.OutputStreamWriter;
 import java.io.Writer;
 
 /**
@@ -44,16 +45,33 @@ public class PDFStream extends AbstractPDFStream {
      * Create an empty stream object
      */
     public PDFStream() {
-        super();
+        setUp();
+    }
+
+    public PDFStream(PDFDictionary dictionary) {
+        super(dictionary);
+        setUp();
+    }
+
+    public PDFStream(PDFDictionary dictionary, boolean encodeOnTheFly) {
+        super(dictionary, encodeOnTheFly);
+        setUp();
+    }
+
+    public PDFStream(boolean encodeOnTheFly) {
+        super(encodeOnTheFly);
+        setUp();
+    }
+
+    private void setUp() {
         try {
             data = StreamCacheFactory.getInstance().createStreamCache();
-            this.streamWriter = new java.io.OutputStreamWriter(
+            this.streamWriter = new OutputStreamWriter(
                     getBufferOutputStream(), PDFDocument.ENCODING);
             //Buffer to minimize calls to the converter
             this.streamWriter = new java.io.BufferedWriter(this.streamWriter);
-        } catch (IOException ex) {
-            //TODO throw the exception and catch it elsewhere
-            ex.printStackTrace();
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            throw new RuntimeException(e);
         }
     }
 
@@ -136,7 +154,7 @@ public class PDFStream extends AbstractPDFStream {
     /**
      * {@inheritDoc}
      */
-    protected int output(OutputStream stream) throws IOException {
+    public int output(OutputStream stream) throws IOException {
         final int len = super.output(stream);
 
         //Now that the data has been written, it can be discarded.

src/java/org/apache/fop/pdf/PDFStructElem.java

@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ import org.apache.fop.util.LanguageTags;
 /**
  * Class representing a PDF Structure Element.
  */
-public class PDFStructElem extends PDFDictionary implements StructureTreeElement {
+public class PDFStructElem extends PDFDictionary implements StructureTreeElement, CompressedObject {
 
     private PDFStructElem parentElement;
 

src/java/org/apache/fop/pdf/PDFT1Stream.java

@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ public class PDFT1Stream extends AbstractPDFFontStream {
      * byte arrays around so much
      * {@inheritDoc}
      */
-    protected int output(java.io.OutputStream stream)
+    public int output(java.io.OutputStream stream)
             throws java.io.IOException {
         if (pfb == null) {
             throw new IllegalStateException("pfb must not be null at this point");

src/java/org/apache/fop/pdf/PDFTTFStream.java

@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ public class PDFTTFStream extends AbstractPDFFontStream {
      * byte arrays around so much
      * {@inheritDoc}
      */
-    protected int output(java.io.OutputStream stream)
+    public int output(java.io.OutputStream stream)
             throws java.io.IOException {
         if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
             log.debug("Writing " + origLength + " bytes of TTF font data");

src/java/org/apache/fop/pdf/PDFText.java

@@ -60,11 +60,9 @@ public class PDFText extends PDFObject {
                 "The text of this PDFText must not be empty");
         }
         StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer(64);
-        sb.append(getObjectID());
         sb.append("(");
         sb.append(escapeText(getText()));
         sb.append(")");
-        sb.append("\nendobj\n");
         return sb.toString();
     }
 

src/java/org/apache/fop/pdf/PDFUri.java

@@ -55,8 +55,7 @@ public class PDFUri extends PDFAction {
     /** {@inheritDoc} */
     public String toPDFString() {
         //TODO Convert this class into a dictionary
-        return getObjectID() + getDictString() + "\nendobj\n";
-        //throw new UnsupportedOperationException("This method should not be called");
+        return getDictString();
     }
 
 }

src/java/org/apache/fop/pdf/PDFXObject.java

@@ -41,6 +41,10 @@ public abstract class PDFXObject extends AbstractPDFStream {
         super();
     }
 
+    protected PDFXObject(PDFDictionary dictionary) {
+        super(dictionary);
+    }
+
     /**
      * Returns the XObject's name.
      * @return the name of the XObject

src/java/org/apache/fop/pdf/Version.java

@@ -48,12 +48,13 @@ public enum Version {
     }
 
     /**
-     * Given the PDF version as a String, returns the corresponding enumerated type. The String
-     * should be in the format "1.x" for PDF v1.x.
+     * Given the PDF version as a String, returns the corresponding enumerated type. The
+     * String should be in the format "1.x" for PDF v1.x.
      *
      * @param version a version number
      * @return the corresponding Version instance
-     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the argument does not correspond to any existing PDF version
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the argument does not correspond to any
+     * existing PDF version
      */
     public static Version getValueOf(String version) {
         for (Version pdfVersion : Version.values()) {

src/java/org/apache/fop/pdf/xref/CompressedObjectReference.java

@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+/* $Id$ */
+
+package org.apache.fop.pdf.xref;
+
+import java.io.DataOutputStream;
+import java.io.IOException;
+
+/**
+ * A reference to an indirect object stored in an object stream. Contains the relevant
+ * information to add to a cross-reference stream.
+ */
+public class CompressedObjectReference implements ObjectReference {
+
+    private final int objectNumber;
+
+    private final int objectStreamNumber;
+
+    private final int index;
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a new reference.
+     *
+     * @param objectNumber the number of the compressed object being referenced
+     * @param objectStreamNumber the number of the object stream in which the compressed
+     * object is to be found
+     * @param index the index of the compressed object in the object stream
+     */
+    public CompressedObjectReference(int objectNumber, int objectStreamNumber, int index) {
+        this.objectNumber = objectNumber;
+        this.objectStreamNumber = objectStreamNumber;
+        this.index = index;
+    }
+
+    public void output(DataOutputStream out) throws IOException {
+        out.write(2);
+        out.writeLong(objectStreamNumber);
+        out.write(0);
+        out.write(index);
+    }
+
+    public int getObjectNumber() {
+        return objectNumber;
+    }
+
+    public int getObjectStreamNumber() {
+        return objectStreamNumber;
+    }
+
+}

src/java/org/apache/fop/pdf/xref/CrossReferenceObject.java

@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+/* $Id$ */
+
+package org.apache.fop.pdf.xref;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.OutputStream;
+
+/**
+ * A representation of the cross-reference data to be output at the end of a PDF file.
+ */
+public abstract class CrossReferenceObject {
+
+    protected final TrailerDictionary trailerDictionary;
+
+    protected final long startxref;
+
+    CrossReferenceObject(TrailerDictionary trailerDictionary, long startxref) {
+        this.trailerDictionary = trailerDictionary;
+        this.startxref = startxref;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Writes the cross reference data to a PDF stream
+     *
+     * @param stream the stream to write the cross reference to
+     * @throws IOException if an I/O exception occurs while writing the data
+     */
+    public abstract void output(OutputStream stream) throws IOException;
+}

src/java/org/apache/fop/pdf/xref/CrossReferenceStream.java

@@ -0,0 +1,107 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+/* $Id$ */
+
+package org.apache.fop.pdf.xref;
+
+import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
+import java.io.DataOutputStream;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.OutputStream;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+
+import org.apache.fop.pdf.PDFArray;
+import org.apache.fop.pdf.PDFDictionary;
+import org.apache.fop.pdf.PDFDocument;
+import org.apache.fop.pdf.PDFFilterList;
+import org.apache.fop.pdf.PDFName;
+import org.apache.fop.pdf.PDFStream;
+
+/**
+ * A cross-reference stream, as described in Section 3.4.7 of the PDF 1.5 Reference.
+ */
+public class CrossReferenceStream extends CrossReferenceObject {
+
+    private static final PDFName XREF = new PDFName("XRef");
+
+    private final PDFDocument document;
+
+    private final int objectNumber;
+
+    private final List<ObjectReference> objectReferences;
+
+    public CrossReferenceStream(PDFDocument document,
+            int objectNumber,
+            TrailerDictionary trailerDictionary,
+            long startxref,
+            List<Long> uncompressedObjectReferences,
+            List<CompressedObjectReference> compressedObjectReferences) {
+        super(trailerDictionary, startxref);
+        this.document = document;
+        this.objectNumber = objectNumber;
+        this.objectReferences = new ArrayList<ObjectReference>(uncompressedObjectReferences.size());
+        for (Long offset : uncompressedObjectReferences) {
+            objectReferences.add(offset == null ? null : new UncompressedObjectReference(offset));
+        }
+        for (CompressedObjectReference ref : compressedObjectReferences) {
+            this.objectReferences.set(ref.getObjectNumber() - 1, ref);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    public void output(OutputStream stream) throws IOException {
+        populateDictionary();
+        PDFStream helperStream = new PDFStream(trailerDictionary.getDictionary(), false) {
+
+            @Override
+            protected void setupFilterList() {
+                PDFFilterList filterList = getFilterList();
+                assert !filterList.isInitialized();
+                filterList.addDefaultFilters(document.getFilterMap(), getDefaultFilterName());
+            }
+
+        };
+        helperStream.setObjectNumber(objectNumber);
+        helperStream.setDocument(document);
+        ByteArrayOutputStream byteArray = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+        DataOutputStream data = new DataOutputStream(byteArray);
+        addFreeEntryForObject0(data);
+        for (ObjectReference objectReference : objectReferences) {
+            assert objectReference != null;
+            objectReference.output(data);
+        }
+        new UncompressedObjectReference(startxref).output(data);
+        data.close();
+        helperStream.setData(byteArray.toByteArray());
+        PDFDocument.outputIndirectObject(helperStream, stream);
+    }
+
+    private void populateDictionary() throws IOException {
+        int objectCount = objectReferences.size() + 1;
+        PDFDictionary dictionary = trailerDictionary.getDictionary();
+        dictionary.put("/Type", XREF);
+        dictionary.put("/Size", objectCount + 1);
+        dictionary.put("/W", new PDFArray(1, 8, 2));
+    }
+
+    private void addFreeEntryForObject0(DataOutputStream data) throws IOException {
+        data.write(new byte[] {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff});
+    }
+
+}

src/java/org/apache/fop/pdf/xref/CrossReferenceTable.java

@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+/* $Id$ */
+
+package org.apache.fop.pdf.xref;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.OutputStream;
+import java.util.List;
+
+import org.apache.fop.pdf.PDFDictionary;
+import org.apache.fop.pdf.PDFDocument;
+
+/**
+ * A cross-reference table, as described in Section 3.4.3 of the PDF 1.5 Reference.
+ */
+public class CrossReferenceTable extends CrossReferenceObject {
+
+    private final List<Long> objectReferences;
+
+    private final StringBuilder pdf = new StringBuilder(256);
+
+    public CrossReferenceTable(TrailerDictionary trailerDictionary, long startxref,
+            List<Long> location) {
+        super(trailerDictionary, startxref);
+        this.objectReferences = location;
+    }
+
+    public void output(OutputStream stream) throws IOException {
+        outputXref();
+        writeTrailer(stream);
+    }
+
+    private void outputXref() throws IOException {
+        pdf.append("xref\n0 ");
+        pdf.append(objectReferences.size() + 1);
+        pdf.append("\n0000000000 65535 f \n");
+        for (Long objectReference : objectReferences) {
+            final String padding = "0000000000";
+            String s = String.valueOf(objectReference);
+            if (s.length() > 10) {
+                throw new IOException("PDF file too large."
+                        + " PDF 1.4 cannot grow beyond approx. 9.3GB.");
+            }
+            String loc = padding.substring(s.length()) + s;
+            pdf.append(loc).append(" 00000 n \n");
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void writeTrailer(OutputStream stream) throws IOException {
+        pdf.append("trailer\n");
+        stream.write(PDFDocument.encode(pdf.toString()));
+        PDFDictionary dictionary = trailerDictionary.getDictionary();
+        dictionary.put("/Size", objectReferences.size() + 1);
+        dictionary.output(stream);
+    }
+
+}

src/java/org/apache/fop/pdf/xref/ObjectReference.java

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+/* $Id$ */
+
+package org.apache.fop.pdf.xref;
+
+import java.io.DataOutputStream;
+import java.io.IOException;
+
+/**
+ * A reference to an indirect object.
+ */
+interface ObjectReference {
+
+    /**
+     * Outputs this reference to the given stream, in the cross-reference stream format.
+     * For example, a object may output the bytes 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 01 ff 00 to
+     * indicate a non-compressed object (01), at offset 511 from the beginning of the file
+     * (00 00 00 00 00 00 01 ff), of generation number 0 (00).
+     *
+     * @param out the stream to which to output the reference
+     */
+    void output(DataOutputStream out) throws IOException;
+}

src/java/org/apache/fop/pdf/xref/TrailerDictionary.java

@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+/* $Id$ */
+
+package org.apache.fop.pdf.xref;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.OutputStream;
+
+import org.apache.fop.pdf.PDFArray;
+import org.apache.fop.pdf.PDFDictionary;
+import org.apache.fop.pdf.PDFDocument;
+import org.apache.fop.pdf.PDFEncryption;
+import org.apache.fop.pdf.PDFInfo;
+import org.apache.fop.pdf.PDFRoot;
+import org.apache.fop.pdf.PDFText;
+import org.apache.fop.pdf.PDFWritable;
+
+/**
+ * A data class representing entries of the file trailer dictionary.
+ */
+public class TrailerDictionary {
+
+    private final PDFDictionary dictionary;
+
+    public TrailerDictionary(PDFDocument pdfDocument) {
+        this.dictionary = new PDFDictionary();
+        this.dictionary.setDocument(pdfDocument);
+    }
+
+    /** Sets the value of the Root entry. */
+    public TrailerDictionary setRoot(PDFRoot root) {
+        dictionary.put("/Root", root);
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /** Sets the value of the Info entry. */
+    public TrailerDictionary setInfo(PDFInfo info) {
+        dictionary.put("/Info", info);
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /** Sets the value of the Encrypt entry. */
+    public TrailerDictionary setEncryption(PDFEncryption encryption) {
+        dictionary.put("/Encrypt", encryption);
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /** Sets the value of the ID entry. */
+    public TrailerDictionary setFileID(byte[] originalFileID, byte[] updatedFileID) {
+        // TODO this is ugly! Used to circumvent the fact that the file ID will be
+        // encrypted if directly stored as a byte array
+        class FileID implements PDFWritable {
+
+            private final byte[] fileID;
+
+            FileID(byte[] id) {
+                fileID = id;
+            }
+
+            public void outputInline(OutputStream out, StringBuilder textBuffer)
+                    throws IOException {
+                PDFDocument.flushTextBuffer(textBuffer, out);
+                String hex = PDFText.toHex(fileID, true);
+                byte[] encoded = hex.getBytes("US-ASCII");
+                out.write(encoded);
+            }
+
+        }
+        PDFArray fileID = new PDFArray(new FileID(originalFileID), new FileID(updatedFileID));
+        dictionary.put("/ID", fileID);
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    PDFDictionary getDictionary() {
+        return dictionary;
+    }
+
+}

src/java/org/apache/fop/pdf/xref/UncompressedObjectReference.java

@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+/* $Id$ */
+
+package org.apache.fop.pdf.xref;
+
+import java.io.DataOutputStream;
+import java.io.IOException;
+
+/**
+ * A reference to an indirect object that is not stored in an object stream.
+ */
+class UncompressedObjectReference implements ObjectReference {
+
+    final long offset;
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a new reference.
+     *
+     * @param offset offset of the object from the beginning of the PDF file
+     */
+    UncompressedObjectReference(long offset) {
+        this.offset = offset;
+    }
+
+    public void output(DataOutputStream out) throws IOException {
+        out.write(1);
+        out.writeLong(offset);
+        out.write(0);
+        out.write(0);
+    }
+
+}

src/java/org/apache/fop/render/pdf/PDFLogicalStructureHandler.java

@@ -95,15 +95,15 @@ class PDFLogicalStructureHandler {
      */
     PDFLogicalStructureHandler(PDFDocument pdfDoc) {
         this.pdfDoc = pdfDoc;
-        PDFStructTreeRoot structTreeRoot = pdfDoc.getFactory().makeStructTreeRoot(parentTree);
-        rootStructureElement = pdfDoc.getFactory().makeStructureElement(
+        PDFStructTreeRoot structTreeRoot = pdfDoc.makeStructTreeRoot(parentTree);
+        rootStructureElement = pdfDoc.makeStructureElement(
                 FOToPDFRoleMap.mapFormattingObject("root", structTreeRoot), structTreeRoot);
         structTreeRoot.addKid(rootStructureElement);
     }
 
 
     PDFStructElem createPageSequence(Locale language) {
-        PDFStructElem structElemPart = pdfDoc.getFactory().makeStructureElement(
+        PDFStructElem structElemPart = pdfDoc.makeStructureElement(
                 FOToPDFRoleMap.mapFormattingObject("page-sequence", rootStructureElement),
                 rootStructureElement);
         rootStructureElement.addKid(structElemPart);

src/java/org/apache/fop/render/pdf/PDFRenderingUtil.java

@@ -385,8 +385,8 @@ class PDFRenderingUtil implements PDFConfigurationConstants {
         if (maxPDFVersion == null) {
             this.pdfDoc = new PDFDocument(producer);
         } else {
-            VersionController controller =
-                    VersionController.getFixedVersionController(maxPDFVersion);
+            VersionController controller
+                    = VersionController.getFixedVersionController(maxPDFVersion);
             this.pdfDoc = new PDFDocument(producer, controller);
         }
         updateInfo();
@@ -411,6 +411,9 @@ class PDFRenderingUtil implements PDFConfigurationConstants {
             log.debug("PDF/A is active. Conformance Level: " + pdfAMode);
             addPDFA1OutputIntent();
         }
+
+        this.pdfDoc.enableAccessibility(userAgent.isAccessibilityEnabled());
+
         return this.pdfDoc;
     }
 

src/java/org/apache/fop/render/pdf/PDFStructureTreeBuilder.java

@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ class PDFStructureTreeBuilder implements StructureTreeEventHandler {
         PDFStructElem parent = ancestors.getFirst();
         String role = attributes.getValue("role");
         PDFStructElem created;
-        created = pdfFactory.makeStructureElement(
+        created = pdfFactory.getDocument().makeStructureElement(
                 FOToPDFRoleMap.mapFormattingObject(name, role, parent, eventBroadcaster), parent);
         parent.addKid(created);
         ancestors.addFirst(created);
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ class PDFStructureTreeBuilder implements StructureTreeEventHandler {
         PDFStructElem parent = ancestors.getFirst();
         String role = attributes.getValue("role");
         PDFStructElem created;
-        created = pdfFactory.makeStructureElement(
+        created = pdfFactory.getDocument().makeStructureElement(
                 FOToPDFRoleMap.mapFormattingObject(name, role, parent, eventBroadcaster), parent);
         parent.addKid(created);
         String altTextNode = attributes.getValue(ExtensionElementMapping.URI, "alt-text");
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ class PDFStructureTreeBuilder implements StructureTreeEventHandler {
         if ("#PCDATA".equals(name)) {
             created = new PDFStructElem.Placeholder(parent, name);
         } else {
-            created = pdfFactory.makeStructureElement(
+            created = pdfFactory.getDocument().makeStructureElement(
                     FOToPDFRoleMap.mapFormattingObject(name, role, parent,
                             eventBroadcaster), parent);
         }

status.xml

@@ -62,6 +62,11 @@
       documents. Example: the fix of marks layering will be such a case when it's done.
     -->
     <release version="FOP Trunk" date="TBD">
+      <action context="Code" dev="PH,VH" type="add">
+        Added support for PDF Object Streams. When accessibility is enabled and PDF version 1.5 
+        selected, the structure tree will be stored in object streams in order to reduce the size of 
+        the final PDF.
+      </action>
       <action context="Code" dev="VH" type="add" fixes-bug="46962" due-to="Alexios Giotis">
         Fixed deadlock in PropertyCache.
       </action>

test/java/org/apache/fop/pdf/AbstractPDFStreamTestCase.java

@@ -48,10 +48,10 @@ public class AbstractPDFStreamTestCase extends PDFObjectTestCase {
             encodedBytes[i++] = (byte) (in & 0xff);
         }
     }
-    private String startStream = "1 0 obj\n" +
-                                "<< /Length 5 0 R /Filter /FlateDecode >>\n" +
-                                "stream\n";
-    private String endStream = "endstream\nendobj\n";
+    private String startStream = "<< /Length 5 0 R /Filter /FlateDecode >>\n"
+                + "stream\n";
+
+    private String endStream = "endstream";
 
     @Before
     public void setUp() {

test/java/org/apache/fop/pdf/ObjectStreamManagerTestCase.java

@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+/* $Id$ */
+
+package org.apache.fop.pdf;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.OutputStream;
+import java.util.List;
+
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+import org.apache.fop.pdf.xref.CompressedObjectReference;
+
+public class ObjectStreamManagerTestCase {
+
+    private List<CompressedObjectReference> compressedObjectReferences;
+
+    private MockPdfDocument pdfDocument;
+
+    @Test
+    public void add() {
+        final int expectedCapacity = 100;
+        final int numCompressedObjects = expectedCapacity * 2 + 1;
+        createCompressObjectReferences(numCompressedObjects);
+        assertEquals(numCompressedObjects, compressedObjectReferences.size());
+        int objectStreamNumber1 = assertSameObjectStream(0, expectedCapacity);
+        int objectStreamNumber2 = assertSameObjectStream(expectedCapacity, expectedCapacity * 2);
+        int objectStreamNumber3 = assertSameObjectStream(expectedCapacity * 2, numCompressedObjects);
+        assertDifferent(objectStreamNumber1, objectStreamNumber2, objectStreamNumber3);
+        assertEquals(objectStreamNumber3, pdfDocument.previous.getObjectNumber());
+    }
+
+    private void createCompressObjectReferences(int numObjects) {
+        pdfDocument = new MockPdfDocument();
+        ObjectStreamManager sut = new ObjectStreamManager(pdfDocument);
+        for (int obNum = 1; obNum <= numObjects; obNum++) {
+            sut.add(createCompressedObject(obNum));
+        }
+        compressedObjectReferences = sut.getCompressedObjectReferences();
+    }
+
+    private static class MockPdfDocument extends PDFDocument {
+
+        private ObjectStream previous;
+
+        public MockPdfDocument() {
+            super("");
+        }
+
+        public void assignObjectNumber(PDFObject obj) {
+            super.assignObjectNumber(obj);
+            if (obj instanceof ObjectStream) {
+                ObjectStream  objStream = (ObjectStream) obj;
+                ObjectStream previous = (ObjectStream) objStream.get("Extends");
+                if (previous == null) {
+                    assertEquals(this.previous, previous);
+                }
+                this.previous = objStream;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private CompressedObject createCompressedObject(final int objectNumber) {
+        return new CompressedObject() {
+
+            public int getObjectNumber() {
+                return objectNumber;
+            }
+
+            public int output(OutputStream outputStream) throws IOException {
+                throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
+            }
+        };
+    }
+
+    private int assertSameObjectStream(int from, int to) {
+        int objectStreamNumber = getObjectStreamNumber(from);
+        for (int i = from + 1; i < to; i++) {
+            assertEquals(objectStreamNumber, getObjectStreamNumber(i));
+        }
+        return objectStreamNumber;
+    }
+
+    private int getObjectStreamNumber(int index) {
+        return compressedObjectReferences.get(index).getObjectStreamNumber();
+    }
+
+    private void assertDifferent(int objectStreamNumber1, int objectStreamNumber2,
+            int objectStreamNumber3) {
+        assertTrue(objectStreamNumber1 != objectStreamNumber2);
+        assertTrue(objectStreamNumber1 != objectStreamNumber3);
+        assertTrue(objectStreamNumber2 != objectStreamNumber3);
+    }
+}

test/java/org/apache/fop/pdf/ObjectStreamTestCase.java

@@ -0,0 +1,131 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+/* $Id$ */
+
+package org.apache.fop.pdf;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+
+import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.List;
+
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+public class ObjectStreamTestCase {
+
+    private static final String OBJECT_CONTENT = "<<\n  /Foo True\n  /Bar False\n>>\n";
+
+    private PDFDocument pdfDocument;
+
+    private ObjectStream objectStream;
+
+    private List<MockCompressedObject> compressedObjects;
+
+    @Before
+    public void setUp() throws Exception {
+        pdfDocument = new PDFDocument("PDFObjectStreamTestCase");
+        objectStream = new ObjectStream();
+        pdfDocument.assignObjectNumber(objectStream);
+        compressedObjects = Arrays.asList(new MockCompressedObject(), new MockCompressedObject());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSingleObjectStream() throws IOException {
+        populateObjectStream();
+        testOutput();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testObjectStreamCollection() throws IOException {
+        objectStream = new ObjectStream(objectStream);
+        pdfDocument.assignObjectNumber(objectStream);
+        populateObjectStream();
+        testOutput();
+    }
+
+    @Test(expected = IllegalStateException.class)
+    public void directObjectsAreNotAllowed() throws Exception {
+        objectStream.addObject(new MockCompressedObject());
+    }
+
+    @Test(expected = NullPointerException.class)
+    public void nullObjectsAreNotAllowed() throws Exception {
+        objectStream.addObject(null);
+    }
+
+    private void testOutput() throws IOException {
+        String expected = getExpectedOutput();
+        String actual = getActualOutput();
+        assertEquals(expected, actual);
+    }
+
+    private void populateObjectStream() {
+        for (MockCompressedObject obj : compressedObjects) {
+            pdfDocument.assignObjectNumber(obj);
+            objectStream.addObject(obj);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private String getExpectedOutput() {
+        int numObs = compressedObjects.size();
+        int objectStreamNumber = objectStream.getObjectNumber();
+        int offsetsLength = 9;
+        StringBuilder expected = new StringBuilder();
+        expected.append("<<\n");
+        ObjectStream previous = (ObjectStream) objectStream.get("Extends");
+        if (previous != null) {
+            expected.append("  /Extends ").append(previous.getObjectNumber()).append(" 0 R\n");
+        }
+        expected.append("  /Type /ObjStm\n")
+                .append("  /N ").append(numObs).append("\n")
+                .append("  /First ").append(offsetsLength).append('\n')
+                .append("  /Length ").append(OBJECT_CONTENT.length() * 2 + offsetsLength + 1).append('\n')
+                .append(">>\n")
+                .append("stream\n");
+        int offset = 0;
+        int num = 1;
+        for (PDFObject ob : compressedObjects) {
+            expected.append(objectStreamNumber + num++).append(' ').append(offset).append('\n');
+            offset += ob.toPDFString().length();
+        }
+        for (PDFObject ob : compressedObjects) {
+            expected.append(ob.toPDFString());
+        }
+        expected.append("\nendstream");
+        return expected.toString();
+    }
+
+    private String getActualOutput() throws IOException {
+        ByteArrayOutputStream actual = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+        objectStream.getFilterList().setDisableAllFilters(true);
+        objectStream.output(actual);
+        return actual.toString("US-ASCII");
+    }
+
+    private static class MockCompressedObject extends PDFObject implements CompressedObject {
+
+        @Override
+        protected String toPDFString() {
+            return OBJECT_CONTENT;
+        }
+    }
+
+}

test/java/org/apache/fop/pdf/PDFEncryptionJCETestCase.java

@@ -223,8 +223,6 @@ public class PDFEncryptionJCETestCase {
             final String digits = "\\d+";
             final String hexDigits = "\\p{XDigit}+";
 
-            dictionary.mustContain("1" + whitespace + "0" + whitespace + "obj");
-
             dictionary.mustContain("/Filter" + whitespace + "/Standard\\b");
 
             dictionary.mustContain("/V" + whitespace + "(" + digits + ")")

test/java/org/apache/fop/pdf/PDFFilterListTestCase.java

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+/* $Id$ */
+
+package org.apache.fop.pdf;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
+
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+public class PDFFilterListTestCase {
+
+    @Test
+    public void testFilterList() {
+        PDFFilterList filterList = new PDFFilterList();
+        assertFalse(filterList.isInitialized());
+    }
+}

test/java/org/apache/fop/pdf/PDFLibraryTestSuite.java

@@ -40,7 +40,9 @@ import org.junit.runners.Suite.SuiteClasses;
         PDFNullTestCase.class,
         PDFNumsArrayTestCase.class,
         PDFRectangleTestCase.class,
-        PDFReferenceTestCase.class
+        PDFReferenceTestCase.class,
+        VersionTestCase.class,
+        VersionControllerTestCase.class
 })
 public class PDFLibraryTestSuite {
 }

test/java/org/apache/fop/pdf/PDFObjectTestCase.java

@@ -40,10 +40,6 @@ public class PDFObjectTestCase {
     protected final PDFObject parent = new DummyPDFObject();
     /** The test subject */
     protected PDFObject pdfObjectUnderTest;
-    /** The string to begin describing the object <code>"1 0 obj\n"</code> */
-    protected final String beginObj = "1 0 obj\n";
-    /** The string to end describing the object <code>"\nendobj\n"</code> */
-    protected final String endObj = "\nendobj\n";
 
     private static class DummyPDFObject extends PDFObject {
 
@@ -195,8 +191,7 @@ public class PDFObjectTestCase {
         outStream.reset();
         object.setObjectNumber(1);
         // Test the length of the output string is returned correctly.
-        String string = beginObj + expectedString + endObj;
-        assertEquals(string.length(), object.output(outStream));
-        assertEquals(string, outStream.toString());
+        assertEquals(expectedString.length(), object.output(outStream));
+        assertEquals(expectedString, outStream.toString());
     }
 }

test/java/org/apache/fop/pdf/PDFStreamTestCase.java

@@ -0,0 +1,126 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+/* $Id$ */
+
+package org.apache.fop.pdf;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertArrayEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+
+import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
+import java.io.IOException;
+
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+public class PDFStreamTestCase {
+
+    private PDFStream stream;
+
+    @Before
+    public void createStream() {
+        stream = new PDFStream();
+        stream.setObjectNumber(1);
+        PDFDocument pdfDocument = new PDFDocument("Apache FOP");
+        stream.setDocument(pdfDocument);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testFilterSetup() {
+        testGetFilterList();
+        testSetupFilterList();
+    }
+
+    private void testGetFilterList() {
+        PDFFilterList filterList = stream.getFilterList();
+        assertFalse(filterList.isInitialized());
+        assertEquals(0, filterList.getFilters().size());
+    }
+
+    private void testSetupFilterList() {
+        stream.setupFilterList();
+        PDFFilterList filterList = stream.getFilterList();
+        assertTrue(filterList.isInitialized());
+        assertEquals(1, filterList.getFilters().size());
+        PDFFilter filter = filterList.getFilters().get(0);
+        assertEquals("/FlateDecode", filter.getName());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void customFilter() {
+        PDFFilterList filters = stream.getFilterList();
+        filters.addFilter("null");
+        assertTrue(filters.isInitialized());
+        assertEquals(1, filters.getFilters().size());
+        PDFFilter filter = filters.getFilters().get(0);
+        assertEquals("", filter.getName());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testStream() throws IOException {
+        PDFFilterList filters = stream.getFilterList();
+        filters.addFilter("null");
+        byte[] bytes = createSampleData();
+        stream.setData(bytes);
+        ByteArrayOutputStream actual = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+        stream.outputRawStreamData(actual);
+        assertArrayEquals(bytes, actual.toByteArray());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testEncodeStream() throws IOException {
+        PDFFilterList filters = stream.getFilterList();
+        filters.addFilter("null");
+        byte[] bytes = createSampleData();
+        stream.setData(bytes);
+        ByteArrayOutputStream actual = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+        StreamCache streamCache = stream.encodeStream();
+        streamCache.outputContents(actual);
+        assertArrayEquals(bytes, actual.toByteArray());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testEncodeAndWriteStream() throws IOException {
+        PDFFilterList filters = stream.getFilterList();
+        filters.addFilter("null");
+        byte[] bytes = createSampleData();
+        stream.setData(bytes);
+        ByteArrayOutputStream actual = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+        PDFNumber number = new PDFNumber();
+        stream.encodeAndWriteStream(actual, number);
+        assertArrayEquals(createSampleStreamData(), actual.toByteArray());
+    }
+
+    private byte[] createSampleData() {
+        byte[] bytes = new byte[10];
+        for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
+            bytes[i] = (byte) i;
+        }
+        return bytes;
+    }
+
+    private byte[] createSampleStreamData() throws IOException {
+        ByteArrayOutputStream stream = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+        stream.write("stream\n".getBytes("US-ASCII"));
+        stream.write(createSampleData());
+        stream.write("\nendstream".getBytes("US-ASCII"));
+        return stream.toByteArray();
+    }
+}

test/java/org/apache/fop/pdf/xref/CompressedObjectReferenceTestCase.java

@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+/* $Id$ */
+
+package org.apache.fop.pdf.xref;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertArrayEquals;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.List;
+
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+public class CompressedObjectReferenceTestCase extends ObjectReferenceTest {
+
+    @Test
+    public void testOutput() throws IOException {
+        runTest(Arrays.asList(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0), 0);
+        runTest(Arrays.asList(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0x1), 4);
+        runTest(Arrays.asList(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0xf3), 16);
+        runTest(Arrays.asList(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0x5, 0xf7), 128);
+        runTest(Arrays.asList(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0x9, 0xfb, 0xd), 0xae);
+        runTest(Arrays.asList(0, 0, 0, 0, 0x11, 0xff, 0x15, 0xe9), 0xff);
+    }
+
+    private void runTest(List<Integer> expectedObjectStreamBytes, int index) throws IOException {
+        int objectStreamNumber = (int) computeNumberFromBytes(expectedObjectStreamBytes);
+        sut = new CompressedObjectReference(0, objectStreamNumber, index);
+        byte[] expected = createExpectedOutput((byte) 2, expectedObjectStreamBytes, index);
+        byte[] actual = getActualOutput();
+        assertArrayEquals(expected, actual);
+    }
+
+}

test/java/org/apache/fop/pdf/xref/CrossReferenceObjectTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+/* $Id$ */
+
+package org.apache.fop.pdf.xref;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertArrayEquals;
+
+import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
+import java.io.FileOutputStream;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.OutputStream;
+import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+
+import org.junit.Before;
+
+import org.apache.fop.pdf.PDFDocument;
+import org.apache.fop.pdf.PDFInfo;
+import org.apache.fop.pdf.PDFPages;
+import org.apache.fop.pdf.PDFRoot;
+
+public abstract class CrossReferenceObjectTest {
+
+    protected static final int STARTXREF = 12345;
+
+    protected PDFDocument pdfDocument;
+
+    protected TrailerDictionary trailerDictionary;
+
+    private CrossReferenceObject crossReferenceObject;
+
+    @Before
+    public void setUp() throws UnsupportedEncodingException {
+        pdfDocument = new PDFDocument("Apache FOP");
+        Map<String, List<String>> filterMap = pdfDocument.getFilterMap();
+        filterMap.put("default", Arrays.asList("null"));
+        PDFRoot root = new PDFRoot(1, new PDFPages(10));
+        PDFInfo info = new PDFInfo();
+        info.setObjectNumber(2);
+        byte[] fileID =
+                new byte[] {0x01, 0x23, 0x45, 0x67, (byte) 0x89, (byte) 0xab, (byte) 0xcd, (byte) 0xef};
+        trailerDictionary = new TrailerDictionary(pdfDocument)
+                .setRoot(root)
+                .setInfo(info)
+                .setFileID(fileID, fileID);
+    }
+
+    protected void runTest() throws IOException {
+        crossReferenceObject = createCrossReferenceObject();
+        byte[] expected = createExpectedCrossReferenceData();
+        byte[] actual = createActualCrossReferenceData();
+        assertArrayEquals(expected, actual);
+    }
+
+    protected abstract CrossReferenceObject createCrossReferenceObject();
+
+    protected abstract byte[] createExpectedCrossReferenceData() throws IOException;
+
+    protected byte[] createActualCrossReferenceData() throws IOException {
+        ByteArrayOutputStream pdf = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+        crossReferenceObject.output(pdf);
+        pdf.close();
+        return pdf.toByteArray();
+    }
+
+    protected byte[] getBytes(StringBuilder stringBuilder) {
+        return getBytes(stringBuilder.toString());
+    }
+
+    protected byte[] getBytes(String string) {
+        try {
+            return string.getBytes("US-ASCII");
+        } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
+            throw new RuntimeException(e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Outputs the given byte array to a file with the given name. Use for debugging
+     * purpose.
+     */
+    protected void streamToFile(byte[] bytes, String filename) throws IOException {
+        OutputStream output = new FileOutputStream(filename);
+        output.write(bytes);
+        output.close();
+    }
+
+}

test/java/org/apache/fop/pdf/xref/CrossReferenceStreamTestCase.java

@@ -0,0 +1,142 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+/* $Id$ */
+
+package org.apache.fop.pdf.xref;
+
+import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
+import java.io.DataOutputStream;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.List;
+
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+public class CrossReferenceStreamTestCase extends CrossReferenceObjectTest {
+
+    private List<Long> uncompressedObjectOffsets;
+
+    private List<CompressedObjectReference> compressedObjectReferences;
+
+    @Test
+    public void testWithNoOffset() throws IOException {
+        List<Long> emptyList = Collections.emptyList();
+        test(emptyList);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testWithOffsets() throws IOException {
+        test(new ArrayList<Long>(Arrays.asList(0L, 1L, 2L, 3L, 4L)));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testWithBigOffsets() throws IOException {
+        test(new ArrayList<Long>(Arrays.asList(0xffL, 0xffffL, 0xffffffffL, 0xffffffffffffffffL)));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testWithObjectStreams1() throws IOException {
+        List<CompressedObjectReference> compressedObjectReferences =
+                Arrays.asList(new CompressedObjectReference(2, 1, 0));
+        test(Arrays.asList(0L, null), compressedObjectReferences);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testWithObjectStreams2() throws IOException {
+        int numIndirectObjects = 2;
+        int numCompressedObjects = 1;
+        List<Long> indirectObjectOffsets
+                = new ArrayList<Long>(numIndirectObjects + numCompressedObjects);
+        for (long i = 0; i < numIndirectObjects; i++) {
+            indirectObjectOffsets.add(i);
+        }
+        List<CompressedObjectReference> compressedObjectReferences
+                = new ArrayList<CompressedObjectReference>();
+        for (int index = 0; index < numCompressedObjects; index++) {
+            indirectObjectOffsets.add(null);
+            int obNum = numIndirectObjects + index + 1;
+            compressedObjectReferences.add(new CompressedObjectReference(obNum,
+                    numIndirectObjects, index));
+        }
+        test(indirectObjectOffsets, compressedObjectReferences);
+    }
+
+    private void test(List<Long> indirectObjectOffsets) throws IOException {
+        List<CompressedObjectReference> compressedObjectReferences = Collections.emptyList();
+        test(indirectObjectOffsets, compressedObjectReferences);
+    }
+
+    private void test(List<Long> indirectObjectOffsets,
+            List<CompressedObjectReference> compressedObjectReferences) throws IOException {
+        this.uncompressedObjectOffsets = indirectObjectOffsets;
+        this.compressedObjectReferences = compressedObjectReferences;
+        runTest();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected CrossReferenceObject createCrossReferenceObject() {
+        return new CrossReferenceStream(pdfDocument,
+                uncompressedObjectOffsets.size() + 1,
+                trailerDictionary,
+                STARTXREF,
+                uncompressedObjectOffsets,
+                compressedObjectReferences);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected byte[] createExpectedCrossReferenceData() throws IOException {
+        List<ObjectReference> objectReferences
+                = new ArrayList<ObjectReference>(uncompressedObjectOffsets.size());
+        for (Long offset : uncompressedObjectOffsets) {
+            objectReferences.add(offset == null ? null : new UncompressedObjectReference(offset));
+        }
+        for (CompressedObjectReference ref : compressedObjectReferences) {
+            objectReferences.set(ref.getObjectNumber() - 1, ref);
+        }
+        int maxObjectNumber = objectReferences.size() + 1;
+        ByteArrayOutputStream stream = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+        StringBuilder expected = new StringBuilder(256);
+        expected.append(maxObjectNumber + " 0 obj\n")
+                .append("<<\n")
+                .append("  /Root 1 0 R\n")
+                .append("  /Info 2 0 R\n")
+                .append("  /ID [<0123456789ABCDEF> <0123456789ABCDEF>]\n")
+                .append("  /Type /XRef\n")
+                .append("  /Size ").append(Integer.toString(maxObjectNumber + 1)).append('\n')
+                .append("  /W [1 8 2]\n")
+                .append("  /Length ").append(Integer.toString((maxObjectNumber + 1) * 11 + 1)).append('\n')
+                .append(">>\n")
+                .append("stream\n");
+        stream.write(getBytes(expected));
+        DataOutputStream data = new DataOutputStream(stream);
+        data.write(new byte[] {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff});
+        for (ObjectReference objectReference : objectReferences) {
+            objectReference.output(data);
+        }
+        data.write(1);
+        data.writeLong(STARTXREF);
+        data.write(0);
+        data.write(0);
+        data.close();
+        stream.write(getBytes("\nendstream\nendobj\n"));
+        return stream.toByteArray();
+    }
+
+}

test/java/org/apache/fop/pdf/xref/CrossReferenceTableTestCase.java

@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+/* $Id$ */
+
+package org.apache.fop.pdf.xref;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.List;
+
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+public class CrossReferenceTableTestCase extends CrossReferenceObjectTest {
+
+    private List<Long> offsets;
+
+    @Test
+    public void testWithNoOffset() throws IOException {
+        List<Long> emptyList = Collections.emptyList();
+        runTest(emptyList);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testWithOffsets() throws IOException {
+        runTest(Arrays.asList(0L, 1L, 2L, 3L, 4L));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testWithBigOffsets() throws IOException {
+        runTest(Arrays.asList(0xffL, 0xffffL, 0x7fffffffL));
+    }
+
+    private void runTest(List<Long> offsets) throws IOException {
+        this.offsets = offsets;
+        runTest();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected CrossReferenceObject createCrossReferenceObject() {
+        return new CrossReferenceTable(trailerDictionary, STARTXREF, offsets);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected byte[] createExpectedCrossReferenceData() throws IOException {
+        StringBuilder expected = new StringBuilder(256);
+        expected.append("xref\n0 ")
+                .append(offsets.size() + 1)
+                .append("\n0000000000 65535 f \n");
+        for (Long objectReference : offsets) {
+            final String padding = "0000000000";
+            String s = String.valueOf(objectReference).toString();
+            String loc = padding.substring(s.length()) + s;
+            expected.append(loc).append(" 00000 n \n");
+        }
+        expected.append("trailer\n<<\n")
+                .append("  /Root 1 0 R\n")
+                .append("  /Info 2 0 R\n")
+                .append("  /ID [<0123456789ABCDEF> <0123456789ABCDEF>]\n")
+                .append("  /Size ").append(Integer.toString(offsets.size() + 1)).append('\n')
+                .append(">>\n");
+        return getBytes(expected);
+    }
+
+}

test/java/org/apache/fop/pdf/xref/ObjectReferenceTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+/* $Id$ */
+
+package org.apache.fop.pdf.xref;
+
+import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
+import java.io.DataOutputStream;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.util.List;
+
+abstract class ObjectReferenceTest {
+
+    protected ObjectReference sut;
+
+    protected long computeNumberFromBytes(List<Integer> expectedOffsetBytes) {
+        assert expectedOffsetBytes.size() <= 8;
+        long offset = 0;
+        for (int b : expectedOffsetBytes) {
+            offset = offset << 8 | b;
+        }
+        return offset;
+    }
+
+    protected byte[] createExpectedOutput(byte field1, List<Integer> field2, int field3) {
+        assert field2.size() == 8;
+        assert (field3 & 0xffff) == field3;
+        byte[] expected = new byte[11];
+        int index = 0;
+        expected[index++] = field1;
+        for (Integer b : field2) {
+            expected[index++] = b.byteValue();
+        }
+        expected[index++] = (byte) ((field3 & 0xff00) >> 8);
+        expected[index++] = (byte) (field3 & 0xff);
+        return expected;
+    }
+
+    protected byte[] getActualOutput() throws IOException {
+        ByteArrayOutputStream out = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+        DataOutputStream dataOutputStream = new DataOutputStream(out);
+        sut.output(dataOutputStream);
+        dataOutputStream.close();
+        return out.toByteArray();
+    }
+
+}

test/java/org/apache/fop/pdf/xref/UncompressedObjectReferenceTestCase.java

@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+/* $Id$ */
+
+package org.apache.fop.pdf.xref;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertArrayEquals;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.List;
+
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+public class UncompressedObjectReferenceTestCase extends ObjectReferenceTest {
+
+    @Test
+    public void test1ByteOffsets() throws IOException {
+        run1ByteOffsetTest(0x0);
+        run1ByteOffsetTest(0xf);
+        run1ByteOffsetTest(0x10);
+        run1ByteOffsetTest(0xff);
+    }
+
+    private void run1ByteOffsetTest(int offset) throws IOException {
+        runIntegerOffsetTest(Arrays.asList(0, 0, 0, offset));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void test2ByteOffsets() throws IOException {
+        runIntegerOffsetTest(Arrays.asList(0, 0, 1, 0xff));
+        runIntegerOffsetTest(Arrays.asList(0, 0, 0xa0, 0xff));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void test3ByteOffsets() throws IOException {
+        runIntegerOffsetTest(Arrays.asList(0, 2, 0x12, 0x34));
+        runIntegerOffsetTest(Arrays.asList(0, 0xee, 0x56, 0x78));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void test4ByteOffsets() throws IOException {
+        runIntegerOffsetTest(Arrays.asList(0x6, 0x12, 0x34, 0x56));
+        runIntegerOffsetTest(Arrays.asList(0xf1, 0x9a, 0xbc, 0xde));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void test5ByteOffsets() throws IOException {
+        runTest(Arrays.asList(0, 0, 0, 0x7, 0x78, 0x9a, 0xbc, 0xde));
+        runTest(Arrays.asList(0, 0, 0, 0xbf, 0xf0, 0, 0x1, 0x2));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void test8ByteOffsets() throws IOException {
+        runTest(Arrays.asList(0x1, 0x2, 0x3, 0x4, 0x5, 0x6, 0x7, 0x8));
+        runTest(Arrays.asList(0xf9, 0xe8, 0xd7, 0xc6, 0xb5, 0xa4, 0x93, 0x82));
+    }
+
+    private void runIntegerOffsetTest(List<Integer> expectedOffsetBytes) throws IOException {
+        List<Integer> expectedLongOffset = new ArrayList<Integer>(8);
+        expectedLongOffset.addAll(Arrays.asList(0, 0, 0, 0));
+        expectedLongOffset.addAll(expectedOffsetBytes);
+        runTest(expectedLongOffset);
+    }
+
+    private void runTest(List<Integer> expectedOffsetBytes) throws IOException {
+        long offset = computeNumberFromBytes(expectedOffsetBytes);
+        sut = new UncompressedObjectReference(offset);
+        byte[] expected = createExpectedOutput((byte) 1, expectedOffsetBytes, (byte) 0);
+        byte[] actual = getActualOutput();
+        assertArrayEquals(expected, actual);
+    }
+
+}

test/pdf/1.5/fop.xconf

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<fop version="1.0">
+  <accessibility>true</accessibility>
+  <source-resolution>144</source-resolution>
+  <use-cache>false</use-cache>
+  <font-base>../../resources/fonts/ttf/</font-base>
+  <renderers>
+    <renderer mime="application/pdf">
+      <version>1.5</version>
+      <filterList>
+        <value>null</value>
+      </filterList>
+      <filterList type="image">
+        <value>flate</value>
+        <value>ascii-85</value>
+      </filterList>
+      <fonts>
+        <font embed-url="DejaVuLGCSerif.ttf">
+          <font-triplet name="DejaVu" style="normal" weight="normal"/>
+        </font>
+      </fonts>
+    </renderer>
+  </renderers>
+</fop>

test/pdf/1.5/test.fo

@@ -0,0 +1,207 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" standalone="no"?>
+<!--
+  Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+       http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+-->
+<!-- $Id$ -->
+<fo:root xmlns:fo="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Format"
+  xmlns:fox="http://xmlgraphics.apache.org/fop/extensions" language="en" country="GB">
+  <fo:layout-master-set>
+    <fo:simple-page-master master-name="page"
+      page-height="220pt" page-width="320pt" margin="10pt">
+      <fo:region-body column-count="2" margin-top="15pt"/>
+      <fo:region-before extent="12pt"/>
+    </fo:simple-page-master>
+  </fo:layout-master-set>
+  <fo:page-sequence master-reference="page">
+    <fo:static-content flow-name="xsl-region-before">
+      <fo:block font-size="8pt" text-align-last="justify">This is the page header<fo:leader/>Page 
+        <fo:page-number/></fo:block>
+    </fo:static-content>
+    <fo:static-content flow-name="xsl-footnote-separator">
+      <fo:block><fo:leader leader-length="100pt" leader-pattern="rule"/></fo:block>
+    </fo:static-content>
+    <fo:flow flow-name="xsl-region-body" hyphenate="true" text-align="justify">
+      <fo:block>(There’s another page sequence <fo:wrapper color="blue"><fo:basic-link 
+            internal-destination="second">below</fo:basic-link></fo:wrapper>.)</fo:block>
+      <fo:block font-family="sans-serif" font-weight="bold" space-before="1em" space-after="0.2em" 
+        role="H1"><fo:block>About Apache FOP</fo:block></fo:block>
+      <fo:block>It is a print formatter driven by XSL formatting objects (XSL-FO) and an output 
+        independent formatter<fo:footnote><fo:inline baseline-shift="super" 
+            font-size="70%">1</fo:inline><fo:footnote-body><fo:block>See the <fo:wrapper 
+                color="blue"><fo:basic-link 
+                  external-destination="http://xmlgraphics.apache.org/fop/">FOP 
+                  website</fo:basic-link></fo:wrapper> for more 
+              information</fo:block></fo:footnote-body></fo:footnote>. FOP has a nice logo: 
+        <fo:external-graphic src="../../resources/images/fop-logo-color-24bit.png" 
+          inline-progression-dimension.maximum="100%" content-width="scale-to-fit"
+          fox:alt-text="FOP Logo"/></fo:block>
+      <fo:table space-before="10pt" space-after="10pt" width="100%" table-layout="fixed">
+        <fo:table-header>
+          <fo:table-row>
+            <fo:table-cell border="2pt solid black" padding="2pt 2pt 0">
+              <fo:block>Header 1.1</fo:block>
+            </fo:table-cell>
+            <fo:table-cell border="2pt solid black" padding="2pt 2pt 0">
+              <fo:block>Header 1.2</fo:block>
+            </fo:table-cell>
+          </fo:table-row>
+        </fo:table-header>
+        <fo:table-body>
+          <fo:table-row>
+            <fo:table-cell border="1pt solid black" padding="2pt 2pt 0">
+              <fo:block>Cell 1.1</fo:block>
+            </fo:table-cell>
+            <fo:table-cell border="1pt solid black" padding="2pt 2pt 0">
+              <fo:block>Cell 1.2</fo:block>
+            </fo:table-cell>
+          </fo:table-row>
+          <fo:table-row>
+            <fo:table-cell border="1pt solid black" padding="2pt 2pt 0">
+              <fo:block>Cell 2.1</fo:block>
+            </fo:table-cell>
+            <fo:table-cell border="1pt solid black" padding="2pt 2pt 0">
+              <fo:block>Cell 2.2</fo:block>
+            </fo:table-cell>
+          </fo:table-row>
+        </fo:table-body>
+      </fo:table>
+      <fo:block>Apache FOP (Formatting Objects Processor) is a print formatter driven by XSL 
+        formatting objects (XSL-FO) and an output independent formatter. It is a Java application 
+        that reads a formatting object (FO) tree and renders the resulting pages to a specified 
+        output.</fo:block>
+      <fo:block span="all" border-top="1pt solid black" border-bottom="1pt solid black" 
+        padding-before="2pt" padding-after="2pt">This fo:block element spans all the columns of the 
+        document. This is intended to test the abilities of the text-to-speech program.</fo:block>
+      <fo:block>And now we are back to normal content flowing in two columns. Let’s start a numbered 
+        list:</fo:block>
+      <fo:list-block provisional-distance-between-starts="15pt" provisional-label-separation="0mm" 
+        keep-with-previous="auto">
+        <fo:list-item keep-with-previous="always">
+          <fo:list-item-label end-indent="label-end()">
+            <fo:block>1.</fo:block>
+          </fo:list-item-label>
+          <fo:list-item-body start-indent="body-start()">
+            <fo:block>
+              <fo:block>Line 1 of item 1</fo:block>
+              <fo:block>Line 2 of item 1</fo:block>
+              <fo:block>Line 3 of item 1</fo:block>
+            </fo:block>
+          </fo:list-item-body>
+        </fo:list-item>
+        <fo:list-item keep-with-previous="always">
+          <fo:list-item-label end-indent="label-end()">
+            <fo:block>2.</fo:block>
+          </fo:list-item-label>
+          <fo:list-item-body start-indent="body-start()">
+            <fo:block>
+              <fo:block>Line 1 of item 2</fo:block>
+              <fo:block>Line 2 of item 2</fo:block>
+              <fo:block>Line 3 of item 2</fo:block>
+            </fo:block>
+          </fo:list-item-body>
+        </fo:list-item>
+      </fo:list-block>
+      <fo:block>And now we are going to see how a second page sequence is handled.</fo:block>
+    </fo:flow>
+  </fo:page-sequence>
+  <fo:page-sequence master-reference="page">
+    <fo:static-content flow-name="xsl-region-before">
+      <fo:block font-size="8pt" text-align-last="justify">This is the page header<fo:leader/>Page 
+        <fo:page-number/></fo:block>
+    </fo:static-content>
+    <fo:static-content flow-name="xsl-footnote-separator">
+      <fo:block><fo:leader leader-length="100pt" leader-pattern="rule"/></fo:block>
+    </fo:static-content>
+    <fo:flow flow-name="xsl-region-body" hyphenate="true" text-align="justify">
+      <fo:block id="second">Apache FOP (Formatting Objects Processor) is a print formatter driven by 
+        XSL formatting objects (XSL-FO) and an output independent formatter<fo:footnote><fo:inline 
+            baseline-shift="super" font-size="70%">1</fo:inline><fo:footnote-body><fo:block>See the 
+              <fo:wrapper color="blue"><fo:basic-link 
+                  external-destination="http://xmlgraphics.apache.org/fop/">FOP 
+                  website</fo:basic-link></fo:wrapper> for more 
+              information</fo:block></fo:footnote-body></fo:footnote>. It is a Java application that 
+        reads a formatting object (FO) tree and renders the resulting pages to a specified 
+        output.</fo:block>
+      <fo:table space-before="10pt" space-after="10pt" width="100%" table-layout="fixed">
+        <fo:table-header>
+          <fo:table-row>
+            <fo:table-cell border="2pt solid black" padding="2pt 2pt 0">
+              <fo:block>Header 1.1</fo:block>
+            </fo:table-cell>
+            <fo:table-cell border="2pt solid black" padding="2pt 2pt 0">
+              <fo:block>Header 1.2</fo:block>
+            </fo:table-cell>
+          </fo:table-row>
+        </fo:table-header>
+        <fo:table-body>
+          <fo:table-row>
+            <fo:table-cell border="1pt solid black" padding="2pt 2pt 0">
+              <fo:block>Cell 1.1</fo:block>
+            </fo:table-cell>
+            <fo:table-cell border="1pt solid black" padding="2pt 2pt 0">
+              <fo:block>Cell 1.2</fo:block>
+            </fo:table-cell>
+          </fo:table-row>
+          <fo:table-row>
+            <fo:table-cell border="1pt solid black" padding="2pt 2pt 0">
+              <fo:block>Cell 2.1</fo:block>
+            </fo:table-cell>
+            <fo:table-cell border="1pt solid black" padding="2pt 2pt 0">
+              <fo:block>Cell 2.2</fo:block>
+            </fo:table-cell>
+          </fo:table-row>
+        </fo:table-body>
+      </fo:table>
+      <fo:block language="fr" country="FR">Apache FOP (Formatting Objects Processor) est une 
+        application de mise en page de documents respectant le standard XSL-FO. À partir d’un 
+        document au format XSL-FO, cette application écrite en Java effectue une mise en page et 
+        renvoie un document prêt pour impression.</fo:block>
+      <fo:block span="all" border-top="1pt solid black" border-bottom="1pt solid black" 
+        padding-before="2pt" padding-after="2pt">This fo:block element spans all the columns of the 
+        document. This is intended to test the abilities of the text-to-speech program.</fo:block>
+      <fo:block>And now we are back to normal content flowing in two columns. Let’s start a numbered 
+        list:</fo:block>
+      <fo:list-block provisional-distance-between-starts="15pt" provisional-label-separation="0mm" 
+        keep-with-previous="auto">
+        <fo:list-item keep-with-previous="always">
+          <fo:list-item-label end-indent="label-end()">
+            <fo:block>1.</fo:block>
+          </fo:list-item-label>
+          <fo:list-item-body start-indent="body-start()">
+            <fo:block>
+              <fo:block>Line 1 of item 1</fo:block>
+              <fo:block>Line 2 of item 1</fo:block>
+              <fo:block>Line 3 of item 1</fo:block>
+            </fo:block>
+          </fo:list-item-body>
+        </fo:list-item>
+        <fo:list-item keep-with-previous="always">
+          <fo:list-item-label end-indent="label-end()">
+            <fo:block>2.</fo:block>
+          </fo:list-item-label>
+          <fo:list-item-body start-indent="body-start()">
+            <fo:block>
+              <fo:block>Line 1 of item 2</fo:block>
+              <fo:block>Line 2 of item 2</fo:block>
+              <fo:block>Line 3 of item 2</fo:block>
+            </fo:block>
+          </fo:list-item-body>
+        </fo:list-item>
+      </fo:list-block>
+      <fo:block>The end of the document has now been reached.</fo:block>
+    </fo:flow>
+  </fo:page-sequence>
+</fo:root>

test/accessibility/background-image_jpg_repeat.fo → test/pdf/accessibility/background-image_jpg_repeat.fo

@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@
   <fo:layout-master-set>
     <fo:simple-page-master master-name="page"
       page-height="220pt" page-width="320pt" margin="10pt">
-      <fo:region-body background-image="../resources/images/bgimg72dpi.jpg"/>
+      <fo:region-body background-image="../../resources/images/bgimg72dpi.jpg"/>
     </fo:simple-page-master>
   </fo:layout-master-set>
   <fo:page-sequence master-reference="page">

test/accessibility/background-image_jpg_single.fo → test/pdf/accessibility/background-image_jpg_single.fo

@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@
   <fo:layout-master-set>
     <fo:simple-page-master master-name="page"
       page-height="220pt" page-width="320pt" margin="10pt">
-      <fo:region-body background-image="../resources/images/bgimg72dpi.jpg" 
+      <fo:region-body background-image="../../resources/images/bgimg72dpi.jpg" 
         background-repeat="no-repeat" background-position-horizontal="50%" 
         background-position-vertical="50%"/>
     </fo:simple-page-master>

test/accessibility/background-image_png_repeat.fo → test/pdf/accessibility/background-image_png_repeat.fo

@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@
   <fo:layout-master-set>
     <fo:simple-page-master master-name="page"
       page-height="220pt" page-width="320pt" margin="10pt">
-      <fo:region-body background-image="../resources/images/bgimg72dpi.png"/>
+      <fo:region-body background-image="../../resources/images/bgimg72dpi.png"/>
     </fo:simple-page-master>
   </fo:layout-master-set>
   <fo:page-sequence master-reference="page">

test/accessibility/background-image_png_single.fo → test/pdf/accessibility/background-image_png_single.fo

@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@
   <fo:layout-master-set>
     <fo:simple-page-master master-name="page"
       page-height="220pt" page-width="320pt" margin="10pt">
-      <fo:region-body background-image="../resources/images/fop-logo-color-24bit.png" 
+      <fo:region-body background-image="../../resources/images/fop-logo-color-24bit.png" 
         background-repeat="no-repeat" background-position-horizontal="50%" 
         background-position-vertical="50%"/>
     </fo:simple-page-master>

test/accessibility/background-image_svg_repeat.fo → test/pdf/accessibility/background-image_svg_repeat.fo

@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@
   <fo:layout-master-set>
     <fo:simple-page-master master-name="page"
       page-height="220pt" page-width="320pt" margin="10pt">
-      <fo:region-body background-image="../resources/images/rgb-circles.svg"/>
+      <fo:region-body background-image="../../resources/images/rgb-circles.svg"/>
     </fo:simple-page-master>
   </fo:layout-master-set>
   <fo:page-sequence master-reference="page">

test/accessibility/background-image_svg_single.fo → test/pdf/accessibility/background-image_svg_single.fo

@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@
   <fo:layout-master-set>
     <fo:simple-page-master master-name="page"
       page-height="220pt" page-width="320pt" margin="10pt">
-      <fo:region-body background-image="../resources/images/rgb-circles.svg" 
+      <fo:region-body background-image="../../resources/images/rgb-circles.svg" 
         background-repeat="no-repeat" background-position-horizontal="50%" 
         background-position-vertical="50%"/>
     </fo:simple-page-master>

test/accessibility/complete.fo → test/pdf/accessibility/complete.fo

@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@
                   external-destination="http://xmlgraphics.apache.org/fop/">FOP 
                   website</fo:basic-link></fo:wrapper> for more 
               information</fo:block></fo:footnote-body></fo:footnote>. FOP has a nice logo: 
-        <fo:external-graphic src="../resources/images/fop-logo-color-24bit.png" 
+        <fo:external-graphic src="../../resources/images/fop-logo-color-24bit.png" 
           inline-progression-dimension.maximum="100%" content-width="scale-to-fit"
           fox:alt-text="FOP Logo"/></fo:block>
       <fo:table space-before="10pt" space-after="10pt" width="100%" table-layout="fixed">

test/accessibility/fop.xconf → test/pdf/accessibility/fop.xconf

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
   <accessibility>true</accessibility>
   <source-resolution>144</source-resolution>
   <use-cache>false</use-cache>
-  <font-base>../resources/fonts/</font-base>
+  <font-base>../../resources/fonts/ttf/</font-base>
   <renderers>
     <renderer mime="application/pdf">
       <filterList>

test/accessibility/image_jpg.fo → test/pdf/accessibility/image_jpg.fo

@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@
   <fo:page-sequence master-reference="page">
     <fo:flow flow-name="xsl-region-body" hyphenate="true" text-align="justify">
       <fo:block>This document contains an image in the JPEG format: <fo:external-graphic 
-          src="../resources/images/cmyk.jpg"
+          src="../../resources/images/cmyk.jpg"
           inline-progression-dimension.maximum="100%" content-width="scale-to-fit"
           fox:alt-text="CMYK colours"/>. Here is the end of the text.</fo:block>
     </fo:flow>

test/accessibility/image_png.fo → test/pdf/accessibility/image_png.fo

@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@
   <fo:page-sequence master-reference="page">
     <fo:flow flow-name="xsl-region-body" hyphenate="true" text-align="justify">
       <fo:block>This document contains an image in the PNG format: <fo:external-graphic 
-          src="../resources/images/fop-logo-color-24bit.png"
+          src="../../resources/images/fop-logo-color-24bit.png"
           inline-progression-dimension.maximum="100%" content-width="scale-to-fit"
           fox:alt-text="FOP Logo"/>. Here is the end of the text.</fo:block>
     </fo:flow>

test/accessibility/image_svg.fo → test/pdf/accessibility/image_svg.fo

@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@
   <fo:page-sequence master-reference="page">
     <fo:flow flow-name="xsl-region-body" hyphenate="true" text-align="justify">
       <fo:block>This document contains an image in the SVG format: <fo:external-graphic 
-          src="../resources/images/circles.svg"
+          src="../../resources/images/circles.svg"
           inline-progression-dimension.maximum="75pt" content-width="scale-to-fit"
           fox:alt-text="Nice circles"/>. And here is the same image as an instream-foreign-object: 
         <fo:instream-foreign-object inline-progression-dimension.maximum="75pt" 

test/accessibility/image_wmf.fo → test/pdf/accessibility/image_wmf.fo

@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@
   <fo:page-sequence master-reference="page">
     <fo:flow flow-name="xsl-region-body" hyphenate="true" text-align="justify">
       <fo:block>This document contains an image in the WMF format: <fo:external-graphic 
-          src="../resources/images/testChart.wmf"
+          src="../../resources/images/testChart.wmf"
           inline-progression-dimension.maximum="100%" content-width="scale-to-fit"
           fox:alt-text="Metafile Companion Test Chart"/> Here is the end of the text.</fo:block>
     </fo:flow>

test/accessibility/leader.fo → test/pdf/accessibility/leader.fo

@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@
       <fo:block space-before="10pt">This is a text followed by a leader with 
         leader-pattern=​"use-content", the content being images:<fo:leader 
           leader-pattern="use-content"><fo:external-graphic 
-            src="../resources/images/list-item.png"/></fo:leader>1</fo:block>
+            src="../../resources/images/list-item.png"/></fo:leader>1</fo:block>
     </fo:flow>
   </fo:page-sequence>
 </fo:root>