fop/src/java/org/apache/fop/complexscripts/fonts/OTFAdvancedTypographicTableReader.java

/*
 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
 * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
 * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
 * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
 * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
 * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

/* $Id$ */

package org.apache.fop.complexscripts.fonts;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

import org.apache.commons.logging.Log;
import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory;

import org.apache.fop.fonts.truetype.FontFileReader;
import org.apache.fop.fonts.truetype.TTFDirTabEntry;
import org.apache.fop.fonts.truetype.TTFFile;
import org.apache.fop.fonts.truetype.TTFTableName;

// CSOFF: AvoidNestedBlocksCheck
// CSOFF: NoWhitespaceAfterCheck
// CSOFF: InnerAssignmentCheck
// CSOFF: SimplifyBooleanReturnCheck
// CSOFF: LineLengthCheck

/**
 * <p>OpenType Font (OTF) advanced typographic table reader. Used by @{Link org.apache.fop.fonts.truetype.TTFFile}
 * to read advanced typographic tables (GDEF, GSUB, GPOS).</p>
 *
 * <p>This work was originally authored by Glenn Adams (gadams@apache.org).</p>
 */
public final class OTFAdvancedTypographicTableReader {

    // logging state
    private static Log log = LogFactory.getLog(OTFAdvancedTypographicTableReader.class);
    // instance state
    private TTFFile ttf;                                        // parent font file reader
    private FontFileReader in;                                  // input reader
    private GlyphDefinitionTable gdef;                          // glyph definition table
    private GlyphSubstitutionTable gsub;                        // glyph substitution table
    private GlyphPositioningTable gpos;                         // glyph positioning table
    // transient parsing state
    private transient Map/*<String,Object[3]>*/ seScripts;      // script-tag         => Object[3] : { default-language-tag, List(language-tag), seLanguages }
    private transient Map/*<String,Object[2]>*/ seLanguages;    // language-tag       => Object[2] : { "f<required-feature-index>", List("f<feature-index>")
    private transient Map/*<String,List<String>>*/ seFeatures;  // "f<feature-index>" => Object[2] : { feature-tag, List("lu<lookup-index>") }
    private transient GlyphMappingTable seMapping;              // subtable entry mappings
    private transient List seEntries;                           // subtable entry entries
    private transient List seSubtables;                         // subtable entry subtables

    /**
     * Construct an <code>OTFAdvancedTypographicTableReader</code> instance.
     * @param ttf parent font file reader (must be non-null)
     * @param in font file reader (must be non-null)
     */
    public OTFAdvancedTypographicTableReader ( TTFFile ttf, FontFileReader in ) {
        assert ttf != null;
        assert in != null;
        this.ttf = ttf;
        this.in = in;
    }

    /**
     * Read all advanced typographic tables.
     * @throws AdvancedTypographicTableFormatException if ATT table has invalid format
     */
    public void readAll() throws AdvancedTypographicTableFormatException {
        try {
            readGDEF();
            readGSUB();
            readGPOS();
        } catch ( AdvancedTypographicTableFormatException e ) {
            resetATStateAll();
            throw e;
        } catch ( IOException e ) {
            resetATStateAll();
            throw new AdvancedTypographicTableFormatException ( e.getMessage(), e );
        } finally {
            resetATState();
        }
    }

    /**
     * Determine if advanced (typographic) table is present.
     * @return true if advanced (typographic) table is present
     */
    public boolean hasAdvancedTable() {
        return ( gdef != null ) || ( gsub != null ) || ( gpos != null );
    }

    /**
     * Returns the GDEF table or null if none present.
     * @return the GDEF table
     */
    public GlyphDefinitionTable getGDEF() {
        return gdef;
    }

    /**
     * Returns the GSUB table or null if none present.
     * @return the GSUB table
     */
    public GlyphSubstitutionTable getGSUB() {
        return gsub;
    }

    /**
     * Returns the GPOS table or null if none present.
     * @return the GPOS table
     */
    public GlyphPositioningTable getGPOS() {
        return gpos;
    }

    private void readLangSysTable(TTFTableName tableTag, long langSysTable, String langSysTag) throws IOException {
        in.seekSet(langSysTable);
        if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
            log.debug(tableTag + " lang sys table: " + langSysTag );
        }
        // read lookup order (reorder) table offset
        int lo = in.readTTFUShort();
        // read required feature index
        int rf = in.readTTFUShort();
        String rfi;
        if ( rf != 65535 ) {
            rfi = "f" + rf;
        } else {
            rfi = null;
        }
        // read (non-required) feature count
        int nf = in.readTTFUShort();
        // dump info if debugging
        if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
            log.debug(tableTag + " lang sys table reorder table: " + lo );
            log.debug(tableTag + " lang sys table required feature index: " + rf );
            log.debug(tableTag + " lang sys table non-required feature count: " + nf );
        }
        // read (non-required) feature indices
        int[] fia = new int[nf];
        List fl = new java.util.ArrayList();
        for ( int i = 0; i < nf; i++ ) {
            int fi = in.readTTFUShort();
            if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
                log.debug(tableTag + " lang sys table non-required feature index: " + fi );
            }
            fia[i] = fi;
            fl.add ( "f" + fi );
        }
        if ( seLanguages == null ) {
            seLanguages = new java.util.LinkedHashMap();
        }
        seLanguages.put ( langSysTag, new Object[] { rfi, fl } );
    }

    private static String defaultTag = "dflt";

    private void readScriptTable(TTFTableName tableTag, long scriptTable, String scriptTag) throws IOException {
        in.seekSet(scriptTable);
        if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
            log.debug(tableTag + " script table: " + scriptTag );
        }
        // read default language system table offset
        int dl = in.readTTFUShort();
        String dt = defaultTag;
        if ( dl > 0 ) {
            if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
                log.debug(tableTag + " default lang sys tag: " + dt );
                log.debug(tableTag + " default lang sys table offset: " + dl );
            }
        }
        // read language system record count
        int nl = in.readTTFUShort();
        List ll = new java.util.ArrayList();
        if ( nl > 0 ) {
            String[] lta = new String[nl];
            int[] loa = new int[nl];
            // read language system records
            for ( int i = 0, n = nl; i < n; i++ ) {
                String lt = in.readTTFString(4);
                int lo = in.readTTFUShort();
                if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
                    log.debug(tableTag + " lang sys tag: " + lt );
                    log.debug(tableTag + " lang sys table offset: " + lo );
                }
                lta[i] = lt;
                loa[i] = lo;
                if ( dl == lo ) {
                    dl = 0;
                    dt = lt;
                }
                ll.add ( lt );
            }
            // read non-default language system tables
            for ( int i = 0, n = nl; i < n; i++ ) {
                readLangSysTable ( tableTag, scriptTable + loa [ i ], lta [ i ] );
            }
        }
        // read default language system table (if specified)
        if ( dl > 0 ) {
            readLangSysTable ( tableTag, scriptTable + dl, dt );
        } else if ( dt != null ) {
            if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
                log.debug(tableTag + " lang sys default: " + dt );
            }
        }
        seScripts.put ( scriptTag, new Object[] { dt, ll, seLanguages } );
        seLanguages = null;
    }

    private void readScriptList(TTFTableName tableTag, long scriptList) throws IOException {
        in.seekSet(scriptList);
        // read script record count
        int ns = in.readTTFUShort();
        if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
            log.debug(tableTag + " script list record count: " + ns );
        }
        if ( ns > 0 ) {
            String[] sta = new String[ns];
            int[] soa = new int[ns];
            // read script records
            for ( int i = 0, n = ns; i < n; i++ ) {
                String st = in.readTTFString(4);
                int so = in.readTTFUShort();
                if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
                    log.debug(tableTag + " script tag: " + st );
                    log.debug(tableTag + " script table offset: " + so );
                }
                sta[i] = st;
                soa[i] = so;
            }
            // read script tables
            for ( int i = 0, n = ns; i < n; i++ ) {
                seLanguages = null;
                readScriptTable ( tableTag, scriptList + soa [ i ], sta [ i ] );
            }
        }
    }

    private void readFeatureTable(TTFTableName tableTag, long featureTable, String featureTag, int featureIndex) throws IOException {
        in.seekSet(featureTable);
        if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
            log.debug(tableTag + " feature table: " + featureTag );
        }
        // read feature params offset
        int po = in.readTTFUShort();
        // read lookup list indices count
        int nl = in.readTTFUShort();
        // dump info if debugging
        if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
            log.debug(tableTag + " feature table parameters offset: " + po );
            log.debug(tableTag + " feature table lookup list index count: " + nl );
        }
        // read lookup table indices
        int[] lia = new int[nl];
        List lul = new java.util.ArrayList();
        for ( int i = 0; i < nl; i++ ) {
            int li = in.readTTFUShort();
            if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
                log.debug(tableTag + " feature table lookup index: " + li );
            }
            lia[i] = li;
            lul.add ( "lu" + li );
        }
        seFeatures.put ( "f" + featureIndex, new Object[] { featureTag, lul } );
    }

    private void readFeatureList(TTFTableName tableTag, long featureList) throws IOException {
        in.seekSet(featureList);
        // read feature record count
        int nf = in.readTTFUShort();
        if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
            log.debug(tableTag + " feature list record count: " + nf );
        }
        if ( nf > 0 ) {
            String[] fta = new String[nf];
            int[] foa = new int[nf];
            // read feature records
            for ( int i = 0, n = nf; i < n; i++ ) {
                String ft = in.readTTFString(4);
                int fo = in.readTTFUShort();
                if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
                    log.debug(tableTag + " feature tag: " + ft );
                    log.debug(tableTag + " feature table offset: " + fo );
                }
                fta[i] = ft;
                foa[i] = fo;
            }
            // read feature tables
            for ( int i = 0, n = nf; i < n; i++ ) {
                if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
                    log.debug(tableTag + " feature index: " + i );
                }
                readFeatureTable ( tableTag, featureList + foa [ i ], fta [ i ], i );
            }
        }
    }

    static final class GDEFLookupType {
        static final int GLYPH_CLASS                    = 1;
        static final int ATTACHMENT_POINT               = 2;
        static final int LIGATURE_CARET                 = 3;
        static final int MARK_ATTACHMENT                = 4;
        private GDEFLookupType() {
        }
        public static int getSubtableType ( int lt ) {
            int st;
            switch ( lt ) {
            case GDEFLookupType.GLYPH_CLASS:
                st = GlyphDefinitionTable.GDEF_LOOKUP_TYPE_GLYPH_CLASS;
                break;
            case GDEFLookupType.ATTACHMENT_POINT:
                st = GlyphDefinitionTable.GDEF_LOOKUP_TYPE_ATTACHMENT_POINT;
                break;
            case GDEFLookupType.LIGATURE_CARET:
                st = GlyphDefinitionTable.GDEF_LOOKUP_TYPE_LIGATURE_CARET;
                break;
            case GDEFLookupType.MARK_ATTACHMENT:
                st = GlyphDefinitionTable.GDEF_LOOKUP_TYPE_MARK_ATTACHMENT;
                break;
            default:
                st = -1;
                break;
            }
            return st;
        }
        public static String toString(int type) {
            String s;
            switch ( type ) {
            case GLYPH_CLASS:
                s = "GlyphClass";
                break;
            case ATTACHMENT_POINT:
                s = "AttachmentPoint";
                break;
            case LIGATURE_CARET:
                s = "LigatureCaret";
                break;
            case MARK_ATTACHMENT:
                s = "MarkAttachment";
                break;
            default:
                s = "?";
                break;
            }
            return s;
        }
    }

    static final class GSUBLookupType {
        static final int SINGLE                         = 1;
        static final int MULTIPLE                       = 2;
        static final int ALTERNATE                      = 3;
        static final int LIGATURE                       = 4;
        static final int CONTEXTUAL                     = 5;
        static final int CHAINED_CONTEXTUAL             = 6;
        static final int EXTENSION                      = 7;
        static final int REVERSE_CHAINED_SINGLE         = 8;
        private GSUBLookupType() {
        }
        public static int getSubtableType ( int lt ) {
            int st;
            switch ( lt ) {
            case GSUBLookupType.SINGLE:
                st = GlyphSubstitutionTable.GSUB_LOOKUP_TYPE_SINGLE;
                break;
            case GSUBLookupType.MULTIPLE:
                st = GlyphSubstitutionTable.GSUB_LOOKUP_TYPE_MULTIPLE;
                break;
            case GSUBLookupType.ALTERNATE:
                st = GlyphSubstitutionTable.GSUB_LOOKUP_TYPE_ALTERNATE;
                break;
            case GSUBLookupType.LIGATURE:
                st = GlyphSubstitutionTable.GSUB_LOOKUP_TYPE_LIGATURE;
                break;
            case GSUBLookupType.CONTEXTUAL:
                st = GlyphSubstitutionTable.GSUB_LOOKUP_TYPE_CONTEXTUAL;
                break;
            case GSUBLookupType.CHAINED_CONTEXTUAL:
                st = GlyphSubstitutionTable.GSUB_LOOKUP_TYPE_CHAINED_CONTEXTUAL;
                break;
            case GSUBLookupType.EXTENSION:
                st = GlyphSubstitutionTable.GSUB_LOOKUP_TYPE_EXTENSION_SUBSTITUTION;
                break;
            case GSUBLookupType.REVERSE_CHAINED_SINGLE:
                st = GlyphSubstitutionTable.GSUB_LOOKUP_TYPE_REVERSE_CHAINED_SINGLE;
                break;
            default:
                st = -1;
                break;
            }
            return st;
        }
        public static String toString(int type) {
            String s;
            switch ( type ) {
            case SINGLE:
                s = "Single";
                break;
            case MULTIPLE:
                s = "Multiple";
                break;
            case ALTERNATE:
                s = "Alternate";
                break;
            case LIGATURE:
                s = "Ligature";
                break;
            case CONTEXTUAL:
                s = "Contextual";
                break;
            case CHAINED_CONTEXTUAL:
                s = "ChainedContextual";
                break;
            case EXTENSION:
                s = "Extension";
                break;
            case REVERSE_CHAINED_SINGLE:
                s = "ReverseChainedSingle";
                break;
            default:
                s = "?";
                break;
            }
            return s;
        }
    }

    static final class GPOSLookupType {
        static final int SINGLE                         = 1;
        static final int PAIR                           = 2;
        static final int CURSIVE                        = 3;
        static final int MARK_TO_BASE                   = 4;
        static final int MARK_TO_LIGATURE               = 5;
        static final int MARK_TO_MARK                   = 6;
        static final int CONTEXTUAL                     = 7;
        static final int CHAINED_CONTEXTUAL             = 8;
        static final int EXTENSION                      = 9;
        private GPOSLookupType() {
        }
        public static String toString(int type) {
            String s;
            switch ( type ) {
            case SINGLE:
                s = "Single";
                break;
            case PAIR:
                s = "Pair";
                break;
            case CURSIVE:
                s = "Cursive";
                break;
            case MARK_TO_BASE:
                s = "MarkToBase";
                break;
            case MARK_TO_LIGATURE:
                s = "MarkToLigature";
                break;
            case MARK_TO_MARK:
                s = "MarkToMark";
                break;
            case CONTEXTUAL:
                s = "Contextual";
                break;
            case CHAINED_CONTEXTUAL:
                s = "ChainedContextual";
                break;
            case EXTENSION:
                s = "Extension";
                break;
            default:
                s = "?";
                break;
            }
            return s;
        }
    }

    static final class LookupFlag {
        static final int RIGHT_TO_LEFT                  = 0x0001;
        static final int IGNORE_BASE_GLYPHS             = 0x0002;
        static final int IGNORE_LIGATURE                = 0x0004;
        static final int IGNORE_MARKS                   = 0x0008;
        static final int USE_MARK_FILTERING_SET         = 0x0010;
        static final int MARK_ATTACHMENT_TYPE           = 0xFF00;
        private LookupFlag() {
        }
        public static String toString(int flags) {
            StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
            boolean first = true;
            if ( ( flags & RIGHT_TO_LEFT ) != 0 ) {
                if ( first ) {
                    first = false;
                } else {
                    sb.append ( '|' );
                }
                sb.append ( "RightToLeft" );
            }
            if ( ( flags & IGNORE_BASE_GLYPHS ) != 0 ) {
                if ( first ) {
                    first = false;
                } else {
                    sb.append ( '|' );
                }
                sb.append ( "IgnoreBaseGlyphs" );
            }
            if ( ( flags & IGNORE_LIGATURE ) != 0 ) {
                if ( first ) {
                    first = false;
                } else {
                    sb.append ( '|' );
                }
                sb.append ( "IgnoreLigature" );
            }
            if ( ( flags & IGNORE_MARKS ) != 0 ) {
                if ( first ) {
                    first = false;
                } else {
                    sb.append ( '|' );
                }
                sb.append ( "IgnoreMarks" );
            }
            if ( ( flags & USE_MARK_FILTERING_SET ) != 0 ) {
                if ( first ) {
                    first = false;
                } else {
                    sb.append ( '|' );
                }
                sb.append ( "UseMarkFilteringSet" );
            }
            if ( sb.length() == 0 ) {
                sb.append ( '-' );
            }
            return sb.toString();
        }
    }

    private GlyphCoverageTable readCoverageTableFormat1(String label, long tableOffset, int coverageFormat) throws IOException {
        List entries = new java.util.ArrayList();
        in.seekSet(tableOffset);
        // skip over format (already known)
        in.skip ( 2 );
        // read glyph count
        int ng = in.readTTFUShort();
        int[] ga = new int[ng];
        for ( int i = 0, n = ng; i < n; i++ ) {
            int g = in.readTTFUShort();
            ga[i] = g;
            entries.add ( Integer.valueOf(g) );
        }
        // dump info if debugging
        if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
            log.debug(label + " glyphs: " + toString(ga) );
        }
        return GlyphCoverageTable.createCoverageTable ( entries );
    }

    private GlyphCoverageTable readCoverageTableFormat2(String label, long tableOffset, int coverageFormat) throws IOException {
        List entries = new java.util.ArrayList();
        in.seekSet(tableOffset);
        // skip over format (already known)
        in.skip ( 2 );
        // read range record count
        int nr = in.readTTFUShort();
        for ( int i = 0, n = nr; i < n; i++ ) {
            // read range start
            int s = in.readTTFUShort();
            // read range end
            int e = in.readTTFUShort();
            // read range coverage (mapping) index
            int m = in.readTTFUShort();
            // dump info if debugging
            if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
                log.debug(label + " range[" + i + "]: [" + s + "," + e + "]: " + m );
            }
            entries.add ( new GlyphCoverageTable.MappingRange ( s, e, m ) );
        }
        return GlyphCoverageTable.createCoverageTable ( entries );
    }

    private GlyphCoverageTable readCoverageTable(String label, long tableOffset) throws IOException {
        GlyphCoverageTable gct;
        long cp = in.getCurrentPos();
        in.seekSet(tableOffset);
        // read coverage table format
        int cf = in.readTTFUShort();
        if ( cf == 1 ) {
            gct = readCoverageTableFormat1 ( label, tableOffset, cf );
        } else if ( cf == 2 ) {
            gct = readCoverageTableFormat2 ( label, tableOffset, cf );
        } else {
            throw new AdvancedTypographicTableFormatException ( "unsupported coverage table format: " + cf );
        }
        in.seekSet ( cp );
        return gct;
    }

    private GlyphClassTable readClassDefTableFormat1(String label, long tableOffset, int classFormat) throws IOException {
        List entries = new java.util.ArrayList();
        in.seekSet(tableOffset);
        // skip over format (already known)
        in.skip ( 2 );
        // read start glyph
        int sg = in.readTTFUShort();
        entries.add ( Integer.valueOf(sg) );
        // read glyph count
        int ng = in.readTTFUShort();
        // read glyph classes
        int[] ca = new int[ng];
        for ( int i = 0, n = ng; i < n; i++ ) {
            int gc = in.readTTFUShort();
            ca[i] = gc;
            entries.add ( Integer.valueOf(gc) );
        }
        // dump info if debugging
        if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
            log.debug(label + " glyph classes: " + toString(ca) );
        }
        return GlyphClassTable.createClassTable ( entries );
    }

    private GlyphClassTable readClassDefTableFormat2(String label, long tableOffset, int classFormat) throws IOException {
        List entries = new java.util.ArrayList();
        in.seekSet(tableOffset);
        // skip over format (already known)
        in.skip ( 2 );
        // read range record count
        int nr = in.readTTFUShort();
        for ( int i = 0, n = nr; i < n; i++ ) {
            // read range start
            int s = in.readTTFUShort();
            // read range end
            int e = in.readTTFUShort();
            // read range glyph class (mapping) index
            int m = in.readTTFUShort();
            // dump info if debugging
            if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
                log.debug(label + " range[" + i + "]: [" + s + "," + e + "]: " + m );
            }
            entries.add ( new GlyphClassTable.MappingRange ( s, e, m ) );
        }
        return GlyphClassTable.createClassTable ( entries );
    }

    private GlyphClassTable readClassDefTable(String label, long tableOffset) throws IOException {
        GlyphClassTable gct;
        long cp = in.getCurrentPos();
        in.seekSet(tableOffset);
        // read class table format
        int cf = in.readTTFUShort();
        if ( cf == 1 ) {
            gct = readClassDefTableFormat1 ( label, tableOffset, cf );
        } else if ( cf == 2 ) {
            gct = readClassDefTableFormat2 ( label, tableOffset, cf );
        } else {
            throw new AdvancedTypographicTableFormatException ( "unsupported class definition table format: " + cf );
        }
        in.seekSet ( cp );
        return gct;
    }

    private void readSingleSubTableFormat1(int lookupType, int lookupFlags, long subtableOffset, int subtableFormat) throws IOException {
        String tableTag = "GSUB";
        in.seekSet(subtableOffset);
        // skip over format (already known)
        in.skip ( 2 );
        // read coverage offset
        int co = in.readTTFUShort();
        // read delta glyph
        int dg = in.readTTFShort();
        // dump info if debugging
        if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
            log.debug(tableTag + " single substitution subtable format: " + subtableFormat + " (delta)" );
            log.debug(tableTag + " single substitution coverage table offset: " + co );
            log.debug(tableTag + " single substitution delta: " + dg );
        }
        // read coverage table
        seMapping = readCoverageTable ( tableTag + " single substitution coverage", subtableOffset + co );
        seEntries.add ( Integer.valueOf ( dg ) );
    }

    private void readSingleSubTableFormat2(int lookupType, int lookupFlags, long subtableOffset, int subtableFormat) throws IOException {
        String tableTag = "GSUB";
        in.seekSet(subtableOffset);
        // skip over format (already known)
        in.skip ( 2 );
        // read coverage offset
        int co = in.readTTFUShort();
        // read glyph count
        int ng = in.readTTFUShort();
        // dump info if debugging
        if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
            log.debug(tableTag + " single substitution subtable format: " + subtableFormat + " (mapped)" );
            log.debug(tableTag + " single substitution coverage table offset: " + co );
            log.debug(tableTag + " single substitution glyph count: " + ng );
        }
        // read coverage table
        seMapping = readCoverageTable ( tableTag + " single substitution coverage", subtableOffset + co );
        // read glyph substitutions
        int[] gsa = new int[ng];
        for ( int i = 0, n = ng; i < n; i++ ) {
            int gs = in.readTTFUShort();
            if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
                log.debug(tableTag + " single substitution glyph[" + i + "]: " + gs );
            }
            gsa[i] = gs;
            seEntries.add ( Integer.valueOf ( gs ) );
        }
    }

    private int readSingleSubTable(int lookupType, int lookupFlags, long subtableOffset) throws IOException {
        in.seekSet(subtableOffset);
        // read substitution subtable format
        int sf = in.readTTFUShort();
        if ( sf == 1 ) {
            readSingleSubTableFormat1 ( lookupType, lookupFlags, subtableOffset, sf );
        } else if ( sf == 2 ) {
            readSingleSubTableFormat2 ( lookupType, lookupFlags, subtableOffset, sf );
        } else {
            throw new AdvancedTypographicTableFormatException ( "unsupported single substitution subtable format: " + sf );
        }
        return sf;
    }

    private void readMultipleSubTableFormat1(int lookupType, int lookupFlags, long subtableOffset, int subtableFormat) throws IOException {
        String tableTag = "GSUB";
        in.seekSet(subtableOffset);
        // skip over format (already known)
        in.skip ( 2 );
        // read coverage offset
        int co = in.readTTFUShort();
        // read sequence count
        int ns = in.readTTFUShort();
        // dump info if debugging
        if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
            log.debug(tableTag + " multiple substitution subtable format: " + subtableFormat + " (mapped)" );
            log.debug(tableTag + " multiple substitution coverage table offset: " + co );
            log.debug(tableTag + " multiple substitution sequence count: " + ns );
        }
        // read coverage table
        seMapping = readCoverageTable ( tableTag + " multiple substitution coverage", subtableOffset + co );
        // read sequence table offsets
        int[] soa = new int[ns];
        for ( int i = 0, n = ns; i < n; i++ ) {
            soa[i] = in.readTTFUShort();
        }
        // read sequence tables
        int[][] gsa = new int [ ns ] [];
        for ( int i = 0, n = ns; i < n; i++ ) {
            int so = soa[i];
            int[] ga;
            if ( so > 0 ) {
                in.seekSet(subtableOffset + so);
                // read glyph count
                int ng = in.readTTFUShort();
                ga = new int[ng];
                for ( int j = 0; j < ng; j++ ) {
                    ga[j] = in.readTTFUShort();
                }
            } else {
                ga = null;
            }
            if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
                log.debug(tableTag + " multiple substitution sequence[" + i + "]: " + toString ( ga ) );
            }
            gsa [ i ] = ga;
        }
        seEntries.add ( gsa );
    }

    private int readMultipleSubTable(int lookupType, int lookupFlags, long subtableOffset) throws IOException {
        in.seekSet(subtableOffset);
        // read substitution subtable format
        int sf = in.readTTFUShort();
        if ( sf == 1 ) {
            readMultipleSubTableFormat1 ( lookupType, lookupFlags, subtableOffset, sf );
        } else {
            throw new AdvancedTypographicTableFormatException ( "unsupported multiple substitution subtable format: " + sf );
        }
        return sf;
    }

    private void readAlternateSubTableFormat1(int lookupType, int lookupFlags, long subtableOffset, int subtableFormat) throws IOException {
        String tableTag = "GSUB";
        in.seekSet(subtableOffset);
        // skip over format (already known)
        in.skip ( 2 );
        // read coverage offset
        int co = in.readTTFUShort();
        // read alternate set count
        int ns = in.readTTFUShort();
        // dump info if debugging
        if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
            log.debug(tableTag + " alternate substitution subtable format: " + subtableFormat + " (mapped)" );
            log.debug(tableTag + " alternate substitution coverage table offset: " + co );
            log.debug(tableTag + " alternate substitution alternate set count: " + ns );
        }
        // read coverage table
        seMapping = readCoverageTable ( tableTag + " alternate substitution coverage", subtableOffset + co );
        // read alternate set table offsets
        int[] soa = new int[ns];
        for ( int i = 0, n = ns; i < n; i++ ) {
            soa[i] = in.readTTFUShort();
        }
        // read alternate set tables
        for ( int i = 0, n = ns; i < n; i++ ) {
            int so = soa[i];
            in.seekSet(subtableOffset + so);
            // read glyph count
            int ng = in.readTTFUShort();
            int[] ga = new int[ng];
            for ( int j = 0; j < ng; j++ ) {
                int gs = in.readTTFUShort();
                ga[j] = gs;
            }
            if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
                log.debug(tableTag + " alternate substitution alternate set[" + i + "]: " + toString ( ga ) );
            }
            seEntries.add ( ga );
        }
    }

    private int readAlternateSubTable(int lookupType, int lookupFlags, long subtableOffset) throws IOException {
        in.seekSet(subtableOffset);
        // read substitution subtable format
        int sf = in.readTTFUShort();
        if ( sf == 1 ) {
            readAlternateSubTableFormat1 ( lookupType, lookupFlags, subtableOffset, sf );
        } else {
            throw new AdvancedTypographicTableFormatException ( "unsupported alternate substitution subtable format: " + sf );
        }
        return sf;
    }

    private void readLigatureSubTableFormat1(int lookupType, int lookupFlags, long subtableOffset, int subtableFormat) throws IOException {
        String tableTag = "GSUB";
        in.seekSet(subtableOffset);
        // skip over format (already known)
        in.skip ( 2 );
        // read coverage offset
        int co = in.readTTFUShort();
        // read ligature set count
        int ns = in.readTTFUShort();
        // dump info if debugging
        if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
            log.debug(tableTag + " ligature substitution subtable format: " + subtableFormat + " (mapped)" );
            log.debug(tableTag + " ligature substitution coverage table offset: " + co );
            log.debug(tableTag + " ligature substitution ligature set count: " + ns );
        }
        // read coverage table
        seMapping = readCoverageTable ( tableTag + " ligature substitution coverage", subtableOffset + co );
        // read ligature set table offsets
        int[] soa = new int[ns];
        for ( int i = 0, n = ns; i < n; i++ ) {
            soa[i] = in.readTTFUShort();
        }
        // read ligature set tables
        for ( int i = 0, n = ns; i < n; i++ ) {
            int so = soa[i];
            in.seekSet(subtableOffset + so);
            // read ligature table count
            int nl = in.readTTFUShort();
            int[] loa = new int[nl];
            for ( int j = 0; j < nl; j++ ) {
                loa[j] = in.readTTFUShort();
            }
            List ligs = new java.util.ArrayList();
            for ( int j = 0; j < nl; j++ ) {
                int lo = loa[j];
                in.seekSet(subtableOffset + so + lo);
                // read ligature glyph id
                int lg = in.readTTFUShort();
                // read ligature (input) component count
                int nc = in.readTTFUShort();
                int[] ca = new int [ nc - 1 ];
                // read ligature (input) component glyph ids
                for ( int k = 0; k < nc - 1; k++ ) {
                    ca[k] = in.readTTFUShort();
                }
                if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
                    log.debug(tableTag + " ligature substitution ligature set[" + i + "]: ligature(" + lg + "), components: " + toString ( ca ) );
                }
                ligs.add ( new GlyphSubstitutionTable.Ligature ( lg, ca ) );
            }
            seEntries.add ( new GlyphSubstitutionTable.LigatureSet ( ligs ) );
        }
    }

    private int readLigatureSubTable(int lookupType, int lookupFlags, long subtableOffset) throws IOException {
        in.seekSet(subtableOffset);
        // read substitution subtable format
        int sf = in.readTTFUShort();
        if ( sf == 1 ) {
            readLigatureSubTableFormat1 ( lookupType, lookupFlags, subtableOffset, sf );
        } else {
            throw new AdvancedTypographicTableFormatException ( "unsupported ligature substitution subtable format: " + sf );
        }
        return sf;
    }

    private GlyphTable.RuleLookup[] readRuleLookups(int numLookups, String header) throws IOException {
        GlyphTable.RuleLookup[] la = new GlyphTable.RuleLookup [ numLookups ];
        for ( int i = 0, n = numLookups; i < n; i++ ) {
            int sequenceIndex = in.readTTFUShort();
            int lookupIndex = in.readTTFUShort();
            la [ i ] = new GlyphTable.RuleLookup ( sequenceIndex, lookupIndex );
            // dump info if debugging and header is non-null
            if ( log.isDebugEnabled() && ( header != null ) ) {
                log.debug(header + "lookup[" + i + "]: " + la[i]);
            }
        }
        return la;
    }

    private void readContextualSubTableFormat1(int lookupType, int lookupFlags, long subtableOffset, int subtableFormat) throws IOException {
        String tableTag = "GSUB";
        in.seekSet(subtableOffset);
        // skip over format (already known)
        in.skip ( 2 );
        // read coverage offset
        int co = in.readTTFUShort();
        // read rule set count
        int nrs = in.readTTFUShort();
        // read rule set offsets
        int[] rsoa = new int [ nrs ];
        for ( int i = 0; i < nrs; i++ ) {
            rsoa [ i ] = in.readTTFUShort();
        }
        // dump info if debugging
        if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
            log.debug(tableTag + " contextual substitution format: " + subtableFormat + " (glyphs)" );
            log.debug(tableTag + " contextual substitution coverage table offset: " + co );
            log.debug(tableTag + " contextual substitution rule set count: " + nrs );
            for ( int i = 0; i < nrs; i++ ) {
                log.debug(tableTag + " contextual substitution rule set offset[" + i + "]: " + rsoa[i] );
            }
        }
        // read coverage table
        GlyphCoverageTable ct;
        if ( co > 0 ) {
            ct = readCoverageTable ( tableTag + " contextual substitution coverage", subtableOffset + co );
        } else {
            ct = null;
        }
        // read rule sets
        GlyphTable.RuleSet[] rsa = new GlyphTable.RuleSet [ nrs ];
        String header = null;
        for ( int i = 0; i < nrs; i++ ) {
            GlyphTable.RuleSet rs;
            int rso = rsoa [ i ];
            if ( rso > 0 ) {
                // seek to rule set [ i ]
                in.seekSet ( subtableOffset + rso );
                // read rule count
                int nr = in.readTTFUShort();
                // read rule offsets
                int[] roa = new int [ nr ];
                GlyphTable.Rule[] ra = new GlyphTable.Rule [ nr ];
                for ( int j = 0; j < nr; j++ ) {
                    roa [ j ] = in.readTTFUShort();
                }
                // read glyph sequence rules
                for ( int j = 0; j < nr; j++ ) {
                    GlyphTable.GlyphSequenceRule r;
                    int ro = roa [ j ];
                    if ( ro > 0 ) {
                        // seek to rule [ j ]
                        in.seekSet ( subtableOffset + rso + ro );
                        // read glyph count
                        int ng = in.readTTFUShort();
                        // read rule lookup count
                        int nl = in.readTTFUShort();
                        // read glyphs
                        int[] glyphs = new int [ ng - 1 ];
                        for ( int k = 0, nk = glyphs.length; k < nk; k++ ) {
                            glyphs [ k ] = in.readTTFUShort();
                        }
                        // read rule lookups
                        if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
                            header = tableTag + " contextual substitution lookups @rule[" + i + "][" + j + "]: ";
                        }
                        GlyphTable.RuleLookup[] lookups = readRuleLookups ( nl, header );
                        r = new GlyphTable.GlyphSequenceRule ( lookups, ng, glyphs );
                    } else {
                        r = null;
                    }
                    ra [ j ] = r;
                }
                rs = new GlyphTable.HomogeneousRuleSet ( ra );
            } else {
                rs = null;
            }
            rsa [ i ] = rs;
        }
        // store results
        seMapping = ct;
        seEntries.add ( rsa );
    }

    private void readContextualSubTableFormat2(int lookupType, int lookupFlags, long subtableOffset, int subtableFormat) throws IOException {
        String tableTag = "GSUB";
        in.seekSet(subtableOffset);
        // skip over format (already known)
        in.skip ( 2 );
        // read coverage offset
        int co = in.readTTFUShort();
        // read class def table offset
        int cdo = in.readTTFUShort();
        // read class rule set count
        int ngc = in.readTTFUShort();
        // read class rule set offsets
        int[] csoa = new int [ ngc ];
        for ( int i = 0; i < ngc; i++ ) {
            csoa [ i ] = in.readTTFUShort();
        }
        // dump info if debugging
        if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
            log.debug(tableTag + " contextual substitution format: " + subtableFormat + " (glyph classes)" );
            log.debug(tableTag + " contextual substitution coverage table offset: " + co );
            log.debug(tableTag + " contextual substitution class set count: " + ngc );
            for ( int i = 0; i < ngc; i++ ) {
                log.debug(tableTag + " contextual substitution class set offset[" + i + "]: " + csoa[i] );
            }
        }
        // read coverage table
        GlyphCoverageTable ct;
        if ( co > 0 ) {
            ct = readCoverageTable ( tableTag + " contextual substitution coverage", subtableOffset + co );
        } else {
            ct = null;
        }
        // read class definition table
        GlyphClassTable cdt;
        if ( cdo > 0 ) {
            cdt = readClassDefTable ( tableTag + " contextual substitution class definition", subtableOffset + cdo );
        } else {
            cdt = null;
        }
        // read rule sets
        GlyphTable.RuleSet[] rsa = new GlyphTable.RuleSet [ ngc ];
        String header = null;
        for ( int i = 0; i < ngc; i++ ) {
            int cso = csoa [ i ];
            GlyphTable.RuleSet rs;
            if ( cso > 0 ) {
                // seek to rule set [ i ]
                in.seekSet ( subtableOffset + cso );
                // read rule count
                int nr = in.readTTFUShort();
                // read rule offsets
                int[] roa = new int [ nr ];
                GlyphTable.Rule[] ra = new GlyphTable.Rule [ nr ];
                for ( int j = 0; j < nr; j++ ) {
                    roa [ j ] = in.readTTFUShort();
                }
                // read glyph sequence rules
                for ( int j = 0; j < nr; j++ ) {
                    int ro = roa [ j ];
                    GlyphTable.ClassSequenceRule r;
                    if ( ro > 0 ) {
                        // seek to rule [ j ]
                        in.seekSet ( subtableOffset + cso + ro );
                        // read glyph count
                        int ng = in.readTTFUShort();
                        // read rule lookup count
                        int nl = in.readTTFUShort();
                        // read classes
                        int[] classes = new int [ ng - 1 ];
                        for ( int k = 0, nk = classes.length; k < nk; k++ ) {
                            classes [ k ] = in.readTTFUShort();
                        }
                        // read rule lookups
                        if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
                            header = tableTag + " contextual substitution lookups @rule[" + i + "][" + j + "]: ";
                        }
                        GlyphTable.RuleLookup[] lookups = readRuleLookups ( nl, header );
                        r = new GlyphTable.ClassSequenceRule ( lookups, ng, classes );
                    } else {
                        assert ro > 0 : "unexpected null subclass rule offset";
                        r = null;
                    }
                    ra [ j ] = r;
                }
                rs = new GlyphTable.HomogeneousRuleSet ( ra );
            } else {
                rs = null;
            }
            rsa [ i ] = rs;
        }
        // store results
        seMapping = ct;
        seEntries.add ( cdt );
        seEntries.add ( Integer.valueOf ( ngc ) );
        seEntries.add ( rsa );
    }

    private void readContextualSubTableFormat3(int lookupType, int lookupFlags, long subtableOffset, int subtableFormat) throws IOException {
        String tableTag = "GSUB";
        in.seekSet(subtableOffset);
        // skip over format (already known)
        in.skip ( 2 );
        // read glyph (input sequence length) count
        int ng = in.readTTFUShort();
        // read substitution lookup count
        int nl = in.readTTFUShort();
        // read glyph coverage offsets, one per glyph input sequence length count
        int[] gcoa = new int [ ng ];
        for ( int i = 0; i < ng; i++ ) {
            gcoa [ i ] = in.readTTFUShort();
        }
        // dump info if debugging
        if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
            log.debug(tableTag + " contextual substitution format: " + subtableFormat + " (glyph sets)" );
            log.debug(tableTag + " contextual substitution glyph input sequence length count: " + ng );
            log.debug(tableTag + " contextual substitution lookup count: " + nl );
            for ( int i = 0; i < ng; i++ ) {
                log.debug(tableTag + " contextual substitution coverage table offset[" + i + "]: " + gcoa[i] );
            }
        }
        // read coverage tables
        GlyphCoverageTable[] gca = new GlyphCoverageTable [ ng ];
        for ( int i = 0; i < ng; i++ ) {
            int gco = gcoa [ i ];
            GlyphCoverageTable gct;
            if ( gco > 0 ) {
                gct = readCoverageTable ( tableTag + " contextual substitution coverage[" + i + "]", subtableOffset + gco );
            } else {
                gct = null;
            }
            gca [ i ] = gct;
        }
        // read rule lookups
        String header = null;
        if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
            header = tableTag + " contextual substitution lookups: ";
        }
        GlyphTable.RuleLookup[] lookups = readRuleLookups ( nl, header );
        // construct rule, rule set, and rule set array
        GlyphTable.Rule r = new GlyphTable.CoverageSequenceRule ( lookups, ng, gca );
        GlyphTable.RuleSet rs = new GlyphTable.HomogeneousRuleSet ( new GlyphTable.Rule[] {r} );
        GlyphTable.RuleSet[] rsa = new GlyphTable.RuleSet[] {rs};
        // store results
        assert ( gca != null ) && ( gca.length > 0 );
        seMapping = gca[0];
        seEntries.add ( rsa );
    }

    private int readContextualSubTable(int lookupType, int lookupFlags, long subtableOffset) throws IOException {
        in.seekSet(subtableOffset);
        // read substitution subtable format
        int sf = in.readTTFUShort();
        if ( sf == 1 ) {
            readContextualSubTableFormat1 ( lookupType, lookupFlags, subtableOffset, sf );
        } else if ( sf == 2 ) {
            readContextualSubTableFormat2 ( lookupType, lookupFlags, subtableOffset, sf );
        } else if ( sf == 3 ) {
            readContextualSubTableFormat3 ( lookupType, lookupFlags, subtableOffset, sf );
        } else {
            throw new AdvancedTypographicTableFormatException ( "unsupported contextual substitution subtable format: " + sf );
        }
        return sf;
    }

    private void readChainedContextualSubTableFormat1(int lookupType, int lookupFlags, long subtableOffset, int subtableFormat) throws IOException {
        String tableTag = "GSUB";
        in.seekSet(subtableOffset);
        // skip over format (already known)
        in.skip ( 2 );
        // read coverage offset
        int co = in.readTTFUShort();
        // read rule set count
        int nrs = in.readTTFUShort();
        // read rule set offsets
        int[] rsoa = new int [ nrs ];
        for ( int i = 0; i < nrs; i++ ) {
            rsoa [ i ] = in.readTTFUShort();
        }
        // dump info if debugging
        if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
            log.debug(tableTag + " chained contextual substitution format: " + subtableFormat + " (glyphs)" );
            log.debug(tableTag + " chained contextual substitution coverage table offset: " + co );
            log.debug(tableTag + " chained contextual substitution rule set count: " + nrs );
            for ( int i = 0; i < nrs; i++ ) {
                log.debug(tableTag + " chained contextual substitution rule set offset[" + i + "]: " + rsoa[i] );
            }
        }
        // read coverage table
        GlyphCoverageTable ct;
        if ( co > 0 ) {
            ct = readCoverageTable ( tableTag + " chained contextual substitution coverage", subtableOffset + co );
        } else {
            ct = null;
        }
        // read rule sets
        GlyphTable.RuleSet[] rsa = new GlyphTable.RuleSet [ nrs ];
        String header = null;
        for ( int i = 0; i < nrs; i++ ) {
            GlyphTable.RuleSet rs;
            int rso = rsoa [ i ];
            if ( rso > 0 ) {
                // seek to rule set [ i ]
                in.seekSet ( subtableOffset + rso );
                // read rule count
                int nr = in.readTTFUShort();
                // read rule offsets
                int[] roa = new int [ nr ];
                GlyphTable.Rule[] ra = new GlyphTable.Rule [ nr ];
                for ( int j = 0; j < nr; j++ ) {
                    roa [ j ] = in.readTTFUShort();
                }
                // read glyph sequence rules
                for ( int j = 0; j < nr; j++ ) {
                    GlyphTable.ChainedGlyphSequenceRule r;
                    int ro = roa [ j ];
                    if ( ro > 0 ) {
                        // seek to rule [ j ]
                        in.seekSet ( subtableOffset + rso + ro );
                        // read backtrack glyph count
                        int nbg = in.readTTFUShort();
                        // read backtrack glyphs
                        int[] backtrackGlyphs = new int [ nbg ];
                        for ( int k = 0, nk = backtrackGlyphs.length; k < nk; k++ ) {
                            backtrackGlyphs [ k ] = in.readTTFUShort();
                        }
                        // read input glyph count
                        int nig = in.readTTFUShort();
                        // read glyphs
                        int[] glyphs = new int [ nig - 1 ];
                        for ( int k = 0, nk = glyphs.length; k < nk; k++ ) {
                            glyphs [ k ] = in.readTTFUShort();
                        }
                        // read lookahead glyph count
                        int nlg = in.readTTFUShort();
                        // read lookahead glyphs
                        int[] lookaheadGlyphs = new int [ nlg ];
                        for ( int k = 0, nk = lookaheadGlyphs.length; k < nk; k++ ) {
                            lookaheadGlyphs [ k ] = in.readTTFUShort();
                        }
                        // read rule lookup count
                        int nl = in.readTTFUShort();
                        // read rule lookups
                        if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
                            header = tableTag + " contextual substitution lookups @rule[" + i + "][" + j + "]: ";
                        }
                        GlyphTable.RuleLookup[] lookups = readRuleLookups ( nl, header );
                        r = new GlyphTable.ChainedGlyphSequenceRule ( lookups, nig, glyphs, backtrackGlyphs, lookaheadGlyphs );
                    } else {
                        r = null;
                    }
                    ra [ j ] = r;
                }
                rs = new GlyphTable.HomogeneousRuleSet ( ra );
            } else {
                rs = null;
            }
            rsa [ i ] = rs;
        }
        // store results
        seMapping = ct;
        seEntries.add ( rsa );
    }

    private void readChainedContextualSubTableFormat2(int lookupType, int lookupFlags, long subtableOffset, int subtableFormat) throws IOException {
        String tableTag = "GSUB";
        in.seekSet(subtableOffset);
        // skip over format (already known)
        in.skip ( 2 );
        // read coverage offset
        int co = in.readTTFUShort();
        // read backtrack class def table offset
        int bcdo = in.readTTFUShort();
        // read input class def table offset
        int icdo = in.readTTFUShort();
        // read lookahead class def table offset
        int lcdo = in.readTTFUShort();
        // read class set count
        int ngc = in.readTTFUShort();
        // read class set offsets
        int[] csoa = new int [ ngc ];
        for ( int i = 0; i < ngc; i++ ) {
            csoa [ i ] = in.readTTFUShort();
        }
        // dump info if debugging
        if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
            log.debug(tableTag + " chained contextual substitution format: " + subtableFormat + " (glyph classes)" );
            log.debug(tableTag + " chained contextual substitution coverage table offset: " + co );
            log.debug(tableTag + " chained contextual substitution class set count: " + ngc );
            for ( int i = 0; i < ngc; i++ ) {
                log.debug(tableTag + " chained contextual substitution class set offset[" + i + "]: " + csoa[i] );
            }
        }
        // read coverage table
        GlyphCoverageTable ct;
        if ( co > 0 ) {
            ct = readCoverageTable ( tableTag + " chained contextual substitution coverage", subtableOffset + co );
        } else {
            ct = null;
        }
        // read backtrack class definition table
        GlyphClassTable bcdt;
        if ( bcdo > 0 ) {
            bcdt = readClassDefTable ( tableTag + " contextual substitution backtrack class definition", subtableOffset + bcdo );
        } else {
            bcdt = null;
        }
        // read input class definition table
        GlyphClassTable icdt;
        if ( icdo > 0 ) {
            icdt = readClassDefTable ( tableTag + " contextual substitution input class definition", subtableOffset + icdo );
        } else {
            icdt = null;
        }
        // read lookahead class definition table
        GlyphClassTable lcdt;
        if ( lcdo > 0 ) {
            lcdt = readClassDefTable ( tableTag + " contextual substitution lookahead class definition", subtableOffset + lcdo );
        } else {
            lcdt = null;
        }
        // read rule sets
        GlyphTable.RuleSet[] rsa = new GlyphTable.RuleSet [ ngc ];
        String header = null;
        for ( int i = 0; i < ngc; i++ ) {
            int cso = csoa [ i ];
            GlyphTable.RuleSet rs;
            if ( cso > 0 ) {
                // seek to rule set [ i ]
                in.seekSet ( subtableOffset + cso );
                // read rule count
                int nr = in.readTTFUShort();
                // read rule offsets
                int[] roa = new int [ nr ];
                GlyphTable.Rule[] ra = new GlyphTable.Rule [ nr ];
                for ( int j = 0; j < nr; j++ ) {
                    roa [ j ] = in.readTTFUShort();
                }
                // read glyph sequence rules
                for ( int j = 0; j < nr; j++ ) {
                    int ro = roa [ j ];
                    GlyphTable.ChainedClassSequenceRule r;
                    if ( ro > 0 ) {
                        // seek to rule [ j ]
                        in.seekSet ( subtableOffset + cso + ro );
                        // read backtrack glyph class count
                        int nbc = in.readTTFUShort();
                        // read backtrack glyph classes
                        int[] backtrackClasses = new int [ nbc ];
                        for ( int k = 0, nk = backtrackClasses.length; k < nk; k++ ) {
                            backtrackClasses [ k ] = in.readTTFUShort();
                        }
                        // read input glyph class count
                        int nic = in.readTTFUShort();
                        // read input glyph classes
                        int[] classes = new int [ nic - 1 ];
                        for ( int k = 0, nk = classes.length; k < nk; k++ ) {
                            classes [ k ] = in.readTTFUShort();
                        }
                        // read lookahead glyph class count
                        int nlc = in.readTTFUShort();
                        // read lookahead glyph classes
                        int[] lookaheadClasses = new int [ nlc ];
                        for ( int k = 0, nk = lookaheadClasses.length; k < nk; k++ ) {
                            lookaheadClasses [ k ] = in.readTTFUShort();
                        }
                        // read rule lookup count
                        int nl = in.readTTFUShort();
                        // read rule lookups
                        if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
                            header = tableTag + " contextual substitution lookups @rule[" + i + "][" + j + "]: ";
                        }
                        GlyphTable.RuleLookup[] lookups = readRuleLookups ( nl, header );
                        r = new GlyphTable.ChainedClassSequenceRule ( lookups, nic, classes, backtrackClasses, lookaheadClasses );
                    } else {
                        r = null;
                    }
                    ra [ j ] = r;
                }
                rs = new GlyphTable.HomogeneousRuleSet ( ra );
            } else {
                rs = null;
            }
            rsa [ i ] = rs;
        }
        // store results
        seMapping = ct;
        seEntries.add ( icdt );
        seEntries.add ( bcdt );
        seEntries.add ( lcdt );
        seEntries.add ( Integer.valueOf ( ngc ) );
        seEntries.add ( rsa );
    }

    private void readChainedContextualSubTableFormat3(int lookupType, int lookupFlags, long subtableOffset, int subtableFormat) throws IOException {
        String tableTag = "GSUB";
        in.seekSet(subtableOffset);
        // skip over format (already known)
        in.skip ( 2 );
        // read backtrack glyph count
        int nbg = in.readTTFUShort();
        // read backtrack glyph coverage offsets
        int[] bgcoa = new int [ nbg ];
        for ( int i = 0; i < nbg; i++ ) {
            bgcoa [ i ] = in.readTTFUShort();
        }
        // read input glyph count
        int nig = in.readTTFUShort();
        // read input glyph coverage offsets
        int[] igcoa = new int [ nig ];
        for ( int i = 0; i < nig; i++ ) {
            igcoa [ i ] = in.readTTFUShort();
        }
        // read lookahead glyph count
        int nlg = in.readTTFUShort();
        // read lookahead glyph coverage offsets
        int[] lgcoa = new int [ nlg ];
        for ( int i = 0; i < nlg; i++ ) {
            lgcoa [ i ] = in.readTTFUShort();
        }
        // read substitution lookup count
        int nl = in.readTTFUShort();
        // dump info if debugging
        if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
            log.debug(tableTag + " chained contextual substitution format: " + subtableFormat + " (glyph sets)" );
            log.debug(tableTag + " chained contextual substitution backtrack glyph count: " + nbg );
            for ( int i = 0; i < nbg; i++ ) {
                log.debug(tableTag + " chained contextual substitution backtrack coverage table offset[" + i + "]: " + bgcoa[i] );
            }
            log.debug(tableTag + " chained contextual substitution input glyph count: " + nig );
            for ( int i = 0; i < nig; i++ ) {
                log.debug(tableTag + " chained contextual substitution input coverage table offset[" + i + "]: " + igcoa[i] );
            }
            log.debug(tableTag + " chained contextual substitution lookahead glyph count: " + nlg );
            for ( int i = 0; i < nlg; i++ ) {
                log.debug(tableTag + " chained contextual substitution lookahead coverage table offset[" + i + "]: " + lgcoa[i] );
            }
            log.debug(tableTag + " chained contextual substitution lookup count: " + nl );
        }
        // read backtrack coverage tables
        GlyphCoverageTable[] bgca = new GlyphCoverageTable[nbg];
        for ( int i = 0; i < nbg; i++ ) {
            int bgco = bgcoa [ i ];
            GlyphCoverageTable bgct;
            if ( bgco > 0 ) {
                bgct = readCoverageTable ( tableTag + " chained contextual substitution backtrack coverage[" + i + "]", subtableOffset + bgco );
            } else {
                bgct = null;
            }
            bgca[i] = bgct;
        }
        // read input coverage tables
        GlyphCoverageTable[] igca = new GlyphCoverageTable[nig];
        for ( int i = 0; i < nig; i++ ) {
            int igco = igcoa [ i ];
            GlyphCoverageTable igct;
            if ( igco > 0 ) {
                igct = readCoverageTable ( tableTag + " chained contextual substitution input coverage[" + i + "]", subtableOffset + igco );
            } else {
                igct = null;
            }
            igca[i] = igct;
        }
        // read lookahead coverage tables
        GlyphCoverageTable[] lgca = new GlyphCoverageTable[nlg];
        for ( int i = 0; i < nlg; i++ ) {
            int lgco = lgcoa [ i ];
            GlyphCoverageTable lgct;
            if ( lgco > 0 ) {
                lgct = readCoverageTable ( tableTag + " chained contextual substitution lookahead coverage[" + i + "]", subtableOffset + lgco );
            } else {
                lgct = null;
            }
            lgca[i] = lgct;
        }
        // read rule lookups
        String header = null;
        if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
            header = tableTag + " chained contextual substitution lookups: ";
        }
        GlyphTable.RuleLookup[] lookups = readRuleLookups ( nl, header );
        // construct rule, rule set, and rule set array
        GlyphTable.Rule r = new GlyphTable.ChainedCoverageSequenceRule ( lookups, nig, igca, bgca, lgca );
        GlyphTable.RuleSet rs = new GlyphTable.HomogeneousRuleSet ( new GlyphTable.Rule[] {r} );
        GlyphTable.RuleSet[] rsa = new GlyphTable.RuleSet[] {rs};
        // store results
        assert ( igca != null ) && ( igca.length > 0 );
        seMapping = igca[0];
        seEntries.add ( rsa );
    }

    private int readChainedContextualSubTable(int lookupType, int lookupFlags, long subtableOffset) throws IOException {
        in.seekSet(subtableOffset);
        // read substitution subtable format
        int sf = in.readTTFUShort();
        if ( sf == 1 ) {
            readChainedContextualSubTableFormat1 ( lookupType, lookupFlags, subtableOffset, sf );
        } else if ( sf == 2 ) {
            readChainedContextualSubTableFormat2 ( lookupType, lookupFlags, subtableOffset, sf );
        } else if ( sf == 3 ) {
            readChainedContextualSubTableFormat3 ( lookupType, lookupFlags, subtableOffset, sf );
        } else {
            throw new AdvancedTypographicTableFormatException ( "unsupported chained contextual substitution subtable format: " + sf );
        }
        return sf;
    }

    private void readExtensionSubTableFormat1(int lookupType, int lookupFlags, int lookupSequence, int subtableSequence, long subtableOffset, int subtableFormat) throws IOException {
        String tableTag = "GSUB";
        in.seekSet(subtableOffset);
        // skip over format (already known)
        in.skip ( 2 );
        // read extension lookup type
        int lt = in.readTTFUShort();
        // read extension offset
        long eo = in.readTTFULong();
        // dump info if debugging
        if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
            log.debug(tableTag + " extension substitution subtable format: " + subtableFormat );
            log.debug(tableTag + " extension substitution lookup type: " + lt );
            log.debug(tableTag + " extension substitution lookup table offset: " + eo );
        }
        // read referenced subtable from extended offset
        readGSUBSubtable ( lt, lookupFlags, lookupSequence, subtableSequence, subtableOffset + eo );
    }

    private int readExtensionSubTable(int lookupType, int lookupFlags, int lookupSequence, int subtableSequence, long subtableOffset) throws IOException {
        in.seekSet(subtableOffset);
        // read substitution subtable format
        int sf = in.readTTFUShort();
        if ( sf == 1 ) {
            readExtensionSubTableFormat1 ( lookupType, lookupFlags, lookupSequence, subtableSequence, subtableOffset, sf );
        } else {
            throw new AdvancedTypographicTableFormatException ( "unsupported extension substitution subtable format: " + sf );
        }
        return sf;
    }

    private void readReverseChainedSingleSubTableFormat1(int lookupType, int lookupFlags, long subtableOffset, int subtableFormat) throws IOException {
        String tableTag = "GSUB";
        in.seekSet(subtableOffset);
        // skip over format (already known)
        in.skip ( 2 );
        // read coverage offset
        int co = in.readTTFUShort();
        // read backtrack glyph count
        int nbg = in.readTTFUShort();
        // read backtrack glyph coverage offsets
        int[] bgcoa = new int [ nbg ];
        for ( int i = 0; i < nbg; i++ ) {
            bgcoa [ i ] = in.readTTFUShort();
        }
        // read lookahead glyph count
        int nlg = in.readTTFUShort();
        // read backtrack glyph coverage offsets
        int[] lgcoa = new int [ nlg ];
        for ( int i = 0; i < nlg; i++ ) {
            lgcoa [ i ] = in.readTTFUShort();
        }
        // read substitution (output) glyph count
        int ng = in.readTTFUShort();
        // read substitution (output) glyphs
        int[] glyphs = new int [ ng ];
        for ( int i = 0, n = ng; i < n; i++ ) {
            glyphs [ i ] = in.readTTFUShort();
        }
        // dump info if debugging
        if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
            log.debug(tableTag + " reverse chained contextual substitution format: " + subtableFormat );
            log.debug(tableTag + " reverse chained contextual substitution coverage table offset: " + co );
            log.debug(tableTag + " reverse chained contextual substitution backtrack glyph count: " + nbg );
            for ( int i = 0; i < nbg; i++ ) {
                log.debug(tableTag + " reverse chained contextual substitution backtrack coverage table offset[" + i + "]: " + bgcoa[i] );
            }
            log.debug(tableTag + " reverse chained contextual substitution lookahead glyph count: " + nlg );
            for ( int i = 0; i < nlg; i++ ) {
                log.debug(tableTag + " reverse chained contextual substitution lookahead coverage table offset[" + i + "]: " + lgcoa[i] );
            }
            log.debug(tableTag + " reverse chained contextual substitution glyphs: " + toString(glyphs) );
        }
        // read coverage table
        GlyphCoverageTable ct = readCoverageTable ( tableTag + " reverse chained contextual substitution coverage", subtableOffset + co );
        // read backtrack coverage tables
        GlyphCoverageTable[] bgca = new GlyphCoverageTable[nbg];
        for ( int i = 0; i < nbg; i++ ) {
            int bgco = bgcoa[i];
            GlyphCoverageTable bgct;
            if ( bgco > 0 ) {
                bgct = readCoverageTable ( tableTag + " reverse chained contextual substitution backtrack coverage[" + i + "]", subtableOffset + bgco );
            } else {
                bgct = null;
            }
            bgca[i] = bgct;
        }
        // read lookahead coverage tables
        GlyphCoverageTable[] lgca = new GlyphCoverageTable[nlg];
        for ( int i = 0; i < nlg; i++ ) {
            int lgco = lgcoa[i];
            GlyphCoverageTable lgct;
            if ( lgco > 0 ) {
                lgct = readCoverageTable ( tableTag + " reverse chained contextual substitution lookahead coverage[" + i + "]", subtableOffset + lgco );
            } else {
                lgct = null;
            }
            lgca[i] = lgct;
        }
        // store results
        seMapping = ct;
        seEntries.add ( bgca );
        seEntries.add ( lgca );
        seEntries.add ( glyphs );
    }

    private int readReverseChainedSingleSubTable(int lookupType, int lookupFlags, long subtableOffset) throws IOException {
        in.seekSet(subtableOffset);
        // read substitution subtable format
        int sf = in.readTTFUShort();
        if ( sf == 1 ) {
            readReverseChainedSingleSubTableFormat1 ( lookupType, lookupFlags, subtableOffset, sf );
        } else {
            throw new AdvancedTypographicTableFormatException ( "unsupported reverse chained single substitution subtable format: " + sf );
        }
        return sf;
    }

    private void readGSUBSubtable(int lookupType, int lookupFlags, int lookupSequence, int subtableSequence, long subtableOffset) throws IOException {
        initATSubState();
        int subtableFormat = -1;
        switch ( lookupType ) {
        case GSUBLookupType.SINGLE:
            subtableFormat = readSingleSubTable ( lookupType, lookupFlags, subtableOffset );
            break;
        case GSUBLookupType.MULTIPLE:
            subtableFormat = readMultipleSubTable ( lookupType, lookupFlags, subtableOffset );
            break;
        case GSUBLookupType.ALTERNATE:
            subtableFormat = readAlternateSubTable ( lookupType, lookupFlags, subtableOffset );
            break;
        case GSUBLookupType.LIGATURE:
            subtableFormat = readLigatureSubTable ( lookupType, lookupFlags, subtableOffset );
            break;
        case GSUBLookupType.CONTEXTUAL:
            subtableFormat = readContextualSubTable ( lookupType, lookupFlags, subtableOffset );
            break;
        case GSUBLookupType.CHAINED_CONTEXTUAL:
            subtableFormat = readChainedContextualSubTable ( lookupType, lookupFlags, subtableOffset );
            break;
        case GSUBLookupType.REVERSE_CHAINED_SINGLE:
            subtableFormat = readReverseChainedSingleSubTable ( lookupType, lookupFlags, subtableOffset );
            break;
        case GSUBLookupType.EXTENSION:
            subtableFormat = readExtensionSubTable ( lookupType, lookupFlags, lookupSequence, subtableSequence, subtableOffset );
            break;
        default:
            break;
        }
        extractSESubState ( GlyphTable.GLYPH_TABLE_TYPE_SUBSTITUTION, lookupType, lookupFlags, lookupSequence, subtableSequence, subtableFormat );
        resetATSubState();
    }

    private GlyphPositioningTable.DeviceTable readPosDeviceTable(long subtableOffset, long deviceTableOffset) throws IOException {
        long cp = in.getCurrentPos();
        in.seekSet(subtableOffset + deviceTableOffset);
        // read start size
        int ss = in.readTTFUShort();
        // read end size
        int es = in.readTTFUShort();
        // read delta format
        int df = in.readTTFUShort();
        int s1;
        int m1;
        int dm;
        int dd;
        int s2;
        if ( df == 1 ) {
            s1 = 14;
            m1 = 0x3;
            dm = 1;
            dd = 4;
            s2 = 2;
        } else if ( df == 2 ) {
            s1 = 12;
            m1 = 0xF;
            dm = 7;
            dd = 16;
            s2 = 4;
        } else if ( df == 3 ) {
            s1 = 8;
            m1 = 0xFF;
            dm = 127;
            dd = 256;
            s2 = 8;
        } else {
            log.debug ( "unsupported device table delta format: " + df + ", ignoring device table" );
            return null;
        }
        // read deltas
        int n = ( es - ss ) + 1;
        if ( n < 0 ) {
            log.debug ( "invalid device table delta count: " + n + ", ignoring device table" );
            return null;
        }
        int[] da = new int [ n ];
        for ( int i = 0; ( i < n ) && ( s2 > 0 );) {
            int p = in.readTTFUShort();
            for ( int j = 0, k = 16 / s2; j < k; j++ ) {
                int d = ( p >> s1 ) & m1;
                if ( d > dm ) {
                    d -= dd;
                }
                if ( i < n ) {
                    da [ i++ ] = d;
                } else {
                    break;
                }
                p <<= s2;
            }
        }
        in.seekSet(cp);
        return new GlyphPositioningTable.DeviceTable ( ss, es, da );
    }

    private GlyphPositioningTable.Value readPosValue(long subtableOffset, int valueFormat) throws IOException {
        // XPlacement
        int xp;
        if ( ( valueFormat & GlyphPositioningTable.Value.X_PLACEMENT ) != 0 ) {
            xp = ttf.convertTTFUnit2PDFUnit ( in.readTTFShort() );
        } else {
            xp = 0;
        }
        // YPlacement
        int yp;
        if ( ( valueFormat & GlyphPositioningTable.Value.Y_PLACEMENT ) != 0 ) {
            yp = ttf.convertTTFUnit2PDFUnit ( in.readTTFShort() );
        } else {
            yp = 0;
        }
        // XAdvance
        int xa;
        if ( ( valueFormat & GlyphPositioningTable.Value.X_ADVANCE ) != 0 ) {
            xa = ttf.convertTTFUnit2PDFUnit ( in.readTTFShort() );
        } else {
            xa = 0;
        }
        // YAdvance
        int ya;
        if ( ( valueFormat & GlyphPositioningTable.Value.Y_ADVANCE ) != 0 ) {
            ya = ttf.convertTTFUnit2PDFUnit ( in.readTTFShort() );
        } else {
            ya = 0;
        }
        // XPlaDevice
        GlyphPositioningTable.DeviceTable xpd;
        if ( ( valueFormat & GlyphPositioningTable.Value.X_PLACEMENT_DEVICE ) != 0 ) {
            int xpdo = in.readTTFUShort();
            xpd = readPosDeviceTable ( subtableOffset, xpdo );
        } else {
            xpd = null;
        }
        // YPlaDevice
        GlyphPositioningTable.DeviceTable ypd;
        if ( ( valueFormat & GlyphPositioningTable.Value.Y_PLACEMENT_DEVICE ) != 0 ) {
            int ypdo = in.readTTFUShort();
            ypd = readPosDeviceTable ( subtableOffset, ypdo );
        } else {
            ypd = null;
        }
        // XAdvDevice
        GlyphPositioningTable.DeviceTable xad;
        if ( ( valueFormat & GlyphPositioningTable.Value.X_ADVANCE_DEVICE ) != 0 ) {
            int xado = in.readTTFUShort();
            xad = readPosDeviceTable ( subtableOffset, xado );
        } else {
            xad = null;
        }
        // YAdvDevice
        GlyphPositioningTable.DeviceTable yad;
        if ( ( valueFormat & GlyphPositioningTable.Value.Y_ADVANCE_DEVICE ) != 0 ) {
            int yado = in.readTTFUShort();
            yad = readPosDeviceTable ( subtableOffset, yado );
        } else {
            yad = null;
        }
        return new GlyphPositioningTable.Value ( xp, yp, xa, ya, xpd, ypd, xad, yad );
    }

    private void readSinglePosTableFormat1(int lookupType, int lookupFlags, long subtableOffset, int subtableFormat) throws IOException {
        String tableTag = "GPOS";
        in.seekSet(subtableOffset);
        // skip over format (already known)
        in.skip ( 2 );
        // read coverage offset
        int co = in.readTTFUShort();
        // read value format
        int vf = in.readTTFUShort();
        // read value
        GlyphPositioningTable.Value v = readPosValue ( subtableOffset, vf );
        // dump info if debugging
        if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
            log.debug(tableTag + " single positioning subtable format: " + subtableFormat + " (delta)" );
            log.debug(tableTag + " single positioning coverage table offset: " + co );
            log.debug(tableTag + " single positioning value: " + v );
        }
        // read coverage table
        GlyphCoverageTable ct = readCoverageTable ( tableTag + " single positioning coverage", subtableOffset + co );
        // store results
        seMapping = ct;
        seEntries.add ( v );
    }

    private void readSinglePosTableFormat2(int lookupType, int lookupFlags, long subtableOffset, int subtableFormat) throws IOException {
        String tableTag = "GPOS";
        in.seekSet(subtableOffset);
        // skip over format (already known)
        in.skip ( 2 );
        // read coverage offset
        int co = in.readTTFUShort();
        // read value format
        int vf = in.readTTFUShort();
        // read value count
        int nv = in.readTTFUShort();
        // dump info if debugging
        if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
            log.debug(tableTag + " single positioning subtable format: " + subtableFormat + " (mapped)" );
            log.debug(tableTag + " single positioning coverage table offset: " + co );
            log.debug(tableTag + " single positioning value count: " + nv );
        }
        // read coverage table
        GlyphCoverageTable ct = readCoverageTable ( tableTag + " single positioning coverage", subtableOffset + co );
        // read positioning values
        GlyphPositioningTable.Value[] pva = new GlyphPositioningTable.Value[nv];
        for ( int i = 0, n = nv; i < n; i++ ) {
            GlyphPositioningTable.Value pv = readPosValue ( subtableOffset, vf );
            if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
                log.debug(tableTag + " single positioning value[" + i + "]: " + pv );
            }
            pva[i] = pv;
        }
        // store results
        seMapping = ct;
        seEntries.add ( pva );
    }

    private int readSinglePosTable(int lookupType, int lookupFlags, long subtableOffset) throws IOException {
        in.seekSet(subtableOffset);
        // read positionining subtable format
        int sf = in.readTTFUShort();
        if ( sf == 1 ) {
            readSinglePosTableFormat1 ( lookupType, lookupFlags, subtableOffset, sf );
        } else if ( sf == 2 ) {
            readSinglePosTableFormat2 ( lookupType, lookupFlags, subtableOffset, sf );
        } else {
            throw new AdvancedTypographicTableFormatException ( "unsupported single positioning subtable format: " + sf );
        }
        return sf;
    }

    private GlyphPositioningTable.PairValues readPosPairValues(long subtableOffset, boolean hasGlyph, int vf1, int vf2) throws IOException {
        // read glyph (if present)
        int glyph;
        if ( hasGlyph ) {
            glyph = in.readTTFUShort();
        } else {
            glyph = 0;
        }
        // read first value (if present)
        GlyphPositioningTable.Value v1;
        if ( vf1 != 0 ) {
            v1 = readPosValue ( subtableOffset, vf1 );
        } else {
            v1 = null;
        }
        // read second value (if present)
        GlyphPositioningTable.Value v2;
        if ( vf2 != 0 ) {
            v2 = readPosValue ( subtableOffset, vf2 );
        } else {
            v2 = null;
        }
        return new GlyphPositioningTable.PairValues ( glyph, v1, v2 );
    }

    private GlyphPositioningTable.PairValues[] readPosPairSetTable(long subtableOffset, int pairSetTableOffset, int vf1, int vf2) throws IOException {
        String tableTag = "GPOS";
        long cp = in.getCurrentPos();
        in.seekSet(subtableOffset + pairSetTableOffset);
        // read pair values count
        int npv = in.readTTFUShort();
        // dump info if debugging
        if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
            log.debug(tableTag + " pair set table offset: " + pairSetTableOffset );
            log.debug(tableTag + " pair set table values count: " + npv );
        }
        // read pair values
        GlyphPositioningTable.PairValues[] pva = new GlyphPositioningTable.PairValues [ npv ];
        for ( int i = 0, n = npv; i < n; i++ ) {
            GlyphPositioningTable.PairValues pv = readPosPairValues ( subtableOffset, true, vf1, vf2 );
            pva [ i ] = pv;
            if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
                log.debug(tableTag + " pair set table value[" + i + "]: " + pv);
            }
        }
        in.seekSet(cp);
        return pva;
    }

    private void readPairPosTableFormat1(int lookupType, int lookupFlags, long subtableOffset, int subtableFormat) throws IOException {
        String tableTag = "GPOS";
        in.seekSet(subtableOffset);
        // skip over format (already known)
        in.skip ( 2 );
        // read coverage offset
        int co = in.readTTFUShort();
        // read value format for first glyph
        int vf1 = in.readTTFUShort();
        // read value format for second glyph
        int vf2 = in.readTTFUShort();
        // read number (count) of pair sets
        int nps = in.readTTFUShort();
        // dump info if debugging
        if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
            log.debug(tableTag + " pair positioning subtable format: " + subtableFormat + " (glyphs)" );
            log.debug(tableTag + " pair positioning coverage table offset: " + co );
            log.debug(tableTag + " pair positioning value format #1: " + vf1 );
            log.debug(tableTag + " pair positioning value format #2: " + vf2 );
        }
        // read coverage table
        GlyphCoverageTable ct = readCoverageTable ( tableTag + " pair positioning coverage", subtableOffset + co );
        // read pair value matrix
        GlyphPositioningTable.PairValues[][] pvm = new GlyphPositioningTable.PairValues [ nps ][];
        for ( int i = 0, n = nps; i < n; i++ ) {
            // read pair set offset
            int pso = in.readTTFUShort();
            // read pair set table at offset
            pvm [ i ] = readPosPairSetTable ( subtableOffset, pso, vf1, vf2 );
        }
        // store results
        seMapping = ct;
        seEntries.add ( pvm );
    }

    private void readPairPosTableFormat2(int lookupType, int lookupFlags, long subtableOffset, int subtableFormat) throws IOException {
        String tableTag = "GPOS";
        in.seekSet(subtableOffset);
        // skip over format (already known)
        in.skip ( 2 );
        // read coverage offset
        int co = in.readTTFUShort();
        // read value format for first glyph
        int vf1 = in.readTTFUShort();
        // read value format for second glyph
        int vf2 = in.readTTFUShort();
        // read class def 1 offset
        int cd1o = in.readTTFUShort();
        // read class def 2 offset
        int cd2o = in.readTTFUShort();
        // read number (count) of classes in class def 1 table
        int nc1 = in.readTTFUShort();
        // read number (count) of classes in class def 2 table
        int nc2 = in.readTTFUShort();
        // dump info if debugging
        if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
            log.debug(tableTag + " pair positioning subtable format: " + subtableFormat + " (glyph classes)" );
            log.debug(tableTag + " pair positioning coverage table offset: " + co );
            log.debug(tableTag + " pair positioning value format #1: " + vf1 );
            log.debug(tableTag + " pair positioning value format #2: " + vf2 );
            log.debug(tableTag + " pair positioning class def table #1 offset: " + cd1o );
            log.debug(tableTag + " pair positioning class def table #2 offset: " + cd2o );
            log.debug(tableTag + " pair positioning class #1 count: " + nc1 );
            log.debug(tableTag + " pair positioning class #2 count: " + nc2 );
        }
        // read coverage table
        GlyphCoverageTable ct = readCoverageTable ( tableTag + " pair positioning coverage", subtableOffset + co );
        // read class definition table #1
        GlyphClassTable cdt1 = readClassDefTable ( tableTag + " pair positioning class definition #1", subtableOffset + cd1o );
        // read class definition table #2
        GlyphClassTable cdt2 = readClassDefTable ( tableTag + " pair positioning class definition #2", subtableOffset + cd2o );
        // read pair value matrix
        GlyphPositioningTable.PairValues[][] pvm = new GlyphPositioningTable.PairValues [ nc1 ] [ nc2 ];
        for ( int i = 0; i < nc1; i++ ) {
            for ( int j = 0; j < nc2; j++ ) {
                GlyphPositioningTable.PairValues pv = readPosPairValues ( subtableOffset, false, vf1, vf2 );
                pvm [ i ] [ j ] = pv;
                if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
                    log.debug(tableTag + " pair set table value[" + i + "][" + j + "]: " + pv);
                }
            }
        }
        // store results
        seMapping = ct;
        seEntries.add ( cdt1 );
        seEntries.add ( cdt2 );
        seEntries.add ( Integer.valueOf ( nc1 ) );
        seEntries.add ( Integer.valueOf ( nc2 ) );
        seEntries.add ( pvm );
    }

    private int readPairPosTable(int lookupType, int lookupFlags, long subtableOffset) throws IOException {
        in.seekSet(subtableOffset);
        // read positioning subtable format
        int sf = in.readTTFUShort();
        if ( sf == 1 ) {
            readPairPosTableFormat1 ( lookupType, lookupFlags, subtableOffset, sf );
        } else if ( sf == 2 ) {
            readPairPosTableFormat2 ( lookupType, lookupFlags, subtableOffset, sf );
        } else {
            throw new AdvancedTypographicTableFormatException ( "unsupported pair positioning subtable format: " + sf );
        }
        return sf;
    }

    private GlyphPositioningTable.Anchor readPosAnchor(long anchorTableOffset) throws IOException {
        GlyphPositioningTable.Anchor a;
        long cp = in.getCurrentPos();
        in.seekSet(anchorTableOffset);
        // read anchor table format
        int af = in.readTTFUShort();
        if ( af == 1 ) {
            // read x coordinate
            int x = ttf.convertTTFUnit2PDFUnit ( in.readTTFShort() );
            // read y coordinate
            int y = ttf.convertTTFUnit2PDFUnit ( in.readTTFShort() );
            a = new GlyphPositioningTable.Anchor ( x, y );
        } else if ( af == 2 ) {
            // read x coordinate
            int x = ttf.convertTTFUnit2PDFUnit ( in.readTTFShort() );
            // read y coordinate
            int y = ttf.convertTTFUnit2PDFUnit ( in.readTTFShort() );
            // read anchor point index
            int ap = in.readTTFUShort();
            a = new GlyphPositioningTable.Anchor ( x, y, ap );
        } else if ( af == 3 ) {
            // read x coordinate
            int x = ttf.convertTTFUnit2PDFUnit ( in.readTTFShort() );
            // read y coordinate
            int y = ttf.convertTTFUnit2PDFUnit ( in.readTTFShort() );
            // read x device table offset
            int xdo = in.readTTFUShort();
            // read y device table offset
            int ydo = in.readTTFUShort();
            // read x device table (if present)
            GlyphPositioningTable.DeviceTable xd;
            if ( xdo != 0 ) {
                xd = readPosDeviceTable ( cp, xdo );
            } else {
                xd = null;
            }
            // read y device table (if present)
            GlyphPositioningTable.DeviceTable yd;
            if ( ydo != 0 ) {
                yd = readPosDeviceTable ( cp, ydo );
            } else {
                yd = null;
            }
            a = new GlyphPositioningTable.Anchor ( x, y, xd, yd );
        } else {
            throw new AdvancedTypographicTableFormatException ( "unsupported positioning anchor format: " + af );
        }
        in.seekSet(cp);
        return a;
    }

    private void readCursivePosTableFormat1(int lookupType, int lookupFlags, long subtableOffset, int subtableFormat) throws IOException {
        String tableTag = "GPOS";
        in.seekSet(subtableOffset);
        // skip over format (already known)
        in.skip ( 2 );
        // read coverage offset
        int co = in.readTTFUShort();
        // read entry/exit count
        int ec = in.readTTFUShort();
        // dump info if debugging
        if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
            log.debug(tableTag + " cursive positioning subtable format: " + subtableFormat );
            log.debug(tableTag + " cursive positioning coverage table offset: " + co );
            log.debug(tableTag + " cursive positioning entry/exit count: " + ec );
        }
        // read coverage table
        GlyphCoverageTable ct = readCoverageTable ( tableTag + " cursive positioning coverage", subtableOffset + co );
        // read entry/exit records
        GlyphPositioningTable.Anchor[] aa = new GlyphPositioningTable.Anchor [ ec * 2 ];
        for ( int i = 0, n = ec; i < n; i++ ) {
            // read entry anchor offset
            int eno = in.readTTFUShort();
            // read exit anchor offset
            int exo = in.readTTFUShort();
            // read entry anchor
            GlyphPositioningTable.Anchor ena;
            if ( eno > 0 ) {
                ena = readPosAnchor ( subtableOffset + eno );
            } else {
                ena = null;
            }
            // read exit anchor
            GlyphPositioningTable.Anchor exa;
            if ( exo > 0 ) {
                exa = readPosAnchor ( subtableOffset + exo );
            } else {
                exa = null;
            }
            aa [ ( i * 2 ) + 0 ] = ena;
            aa [ ( i * 2 ) + 1 ] = exa;
            if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
                if ( ena != null ) {
                    log.debug(tableTag + " cursive entry anchor [" + i + "]: " + ena );
                }
                if ( exa != null ) {
                    log.debug(tableTag + " cursive exit anchor  [" + i + "]: " + exa );
                }
            }
        }
        // store results
        seMapping = ct;
        seEntries.add ( aa );
    }

    private int readCursivePosTable(int lookupType, int lookupFlags, long subtableOffset) throws IOException {
        in.seekSet(subtableOffset);
        // read positioning subtable format
        int sf = in.readTTFUShort();
        if ( sf == 1 ) {
            readCursivePosTableFormat1 ( lookupType, lookupFlags, subtableOffset, sf );
        } else {
            throw new AdvancedTypographicTableFormatException ( "unsupported cursive positioning subtable format: " + sf );
        }
        return sf;
    }

    private void readMarkToBasePosTableFormat1(int lookupType, int lookupFlags, long subtableOffset, int subtableFormat) throws IOException {
        String tableTag = "GPOS";
        in.seekSet(subtableOffset);
        // skip over format (already known)
        in.skip ( 2 );
        // read mark coverage offset
        int mco = in.readTTFUShort();
        // read base coverage offset
        int bco = in.readTTFUShort();
        // read mark class count
        int nmc = in.readTTFUShort();
        // read mark array offset
        int mao = in.readTTFUShort();
        // read base array offset
        int bao = in.readTTFUShort();
        // dump info if debugging
        if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
            log.debug(tableTag + " mark-to-base positioning subtable format: " + subtableFormat );
            log.debug(tableTag + " mark-to-base positioning mark coverage table offset: " + mco );
            log.debug(tableTag + " mark-to-base positioning base coverage table offset: " + bco );
            log.debug(tableTag + " mark-to-base positioning mark class count: " + nmc );
            log.debug(tableTag + " mark-to-base positioning mark array offset: " + mao );
            log.debug(tableTag + " mark-to-base positioning base array offset: " + bao );
        }
        // read mark coverage table
        GlyphCoverageTable mct = readCoverageTable ( tableTag + " mark-to-base positioning mark coverage", subtableOffset + mco );
        // read base coverage table
        GlyphCoverageTable bct = readCoverageTable ( tableTag + " mark-to-base positioning base coverage", subtableOffset + bco );
        // read mark anchor array
        // seek to mark array
        in.seekSet(subtableOffset + mao);
        // read mark count
        int nm = in.readTTFUShort();
        if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
            log.debug(tableTag + " mark-to-base positioning mark count: " + nm );
        }
        // read mark anchor array, where i:{0...markCount}
        GlyphPositioningTable.MarkAnchor[] maa = new GlyphPositioningTable.MarkAnchor [ nm ];
        for ( int i = 0; i < nm; i++ ) {
            // read mark class
            int mc = in.readTTFUShort();
            // read mark anchor offset
            int ao = in.readTTFUShort();
            GlyphPositioningTable.Anchor a;
            if ( ao > 0 ) {
                a = readPosAnchor ( subtableOffset + mao + ao );
            } else {
                a = null;
            }
            GlyphPositioningTable.MarkAnchor ma;
            if ( a != null ) {
                ma = new GlyphPositioningTable.MarkAnchor ( mc, a );
            } else {
                ma = null;
            }
            maa [ i ] = ma;
            if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
                log.debug(tableTag + " mark-to-base positioning mark anchor[" + i + "]: " + ma);
            }

        }
        // read base anchor matrix
        // seek to base array
        in.seekSet(subtableOffset + bao);
        // read base count
        int nb = in.readTTFUShort();
        if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
            log.debug(tableTag + " mark-to-base positioning base count: " + nb );
        }
        // read anchor matrix, where i:{0...baseCount - 1}, j:{0...markClassCount - 1}
        GlyphPositioningTable.Anchor[][] bam = new GlyphPositioningTable.Anchor [ nb ] [ nmc ];
        for ( int i = 0; i < nb; i++ ) {
            for ( int j = 0; j < nmc; j++ ) {
                // read base anchor offset
                int ao = in.readTTFUShort();
                GlyphPositioningTable.Anchor a;
                if ( ao > 0 ) {
                    a = readPosAnchor ( subtableOffset + bao + ao );
                } else {
                    a = null;
                }
                bam [ i ] [ j ] = a;
                if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
                    log.debug(tableTag + " mark-to-base positioning base anchor[" + i + "][" + j + "]: " + a);
                }
            }
        }
        // store results
        seMapping = mct;
        seEntries.add ( bct );
        seEntries.add ( Integer.valueOf ( nmc ) );
        seEntries.add ( maa );
        seEntries.add ( bam );
    }

    private int readMarkToBasePosTable(int lookupType, int lookupFlags, long subtableOffset) throws IOException {
        in.seekSet(subtableOffset);
        // read positioning subtable format
        int sf = in.readTTFUShort();
        if ( sf == 1 ) {
            readMarkToBasePosTableFormat1 ( lookupType, lookupFlags, subtableOffset, sf );
        } else {
            throw new AdvancedTypographicTableFormatException ( "unsupported mark-to-base positioning subtable format: " + sf );
        }
        return sf;
    }

    private void readMarkToLigaturePosTableFormat1(int lookupType, int lookupFlags, long subtableOffset, int subtableFormat) throws IOException {
        String tableTag = "GPOS";
        in.seekSet(subtableOffset);
        // skip over format (already known)
        in.skip ( 2 );
        // read mark coverage offset
        int mco = in.readTTFUShort();
        // read ligature coverage offset
        int lco = in.readTTFUShort();
        // read mark class count
        int nmc = in.readTTFUShort();
        // read mark array offset
        int mao = in.readTTFUShort();
        // read ligature array offset
        int lao = in.readTTFUShort();
        // dump info if debugging
        if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
            log.debug(tableTag + " mark-to-ligature positioning subtable format: " + subtableFormat );
            log.debug(tableTag + " mark-to-ligature positioning mark coverage table offset: " + mco );
            log.debug(tableTag + " mark-to-ligature positioning ligature coverage table offset: " + lco );
            log.debug(tableTag + " mark-to-ligature positioning mark class count: " + nmc );
            log.debug(tableTag + " mark-to-ligature positioning mark array offset: " + mao );
            log.debug(tableTag + " mark-to-ligature positioning ligature array offset: " + lao );
        }
        // read mark coverage table
        GlyphCoverageTable mct = readCoverageTable ( tableTag + " mark-to-ligature positioning mark coverage", subtableOffset + mco );
        // read ligature coverage table
        GlyphCoverageTable lct = readCoverageTable ( tableTag + " mark-to-ligature positioning ligature coverage", subtableOffset + lco );
        // read mark anchor array
        // seek to mark array
        in.seekSet(subtableOffset + mao);
        // read mark count
        int nm = in.readTTFUShort();
        if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
            log.debug(tableTag + " mark-to-ligature positioning mark count: " + nm );
        }
        // read mark anchor array, where i:{0...markCount}
        GlyphPositioningTable.MarkAnchor[] maa = new GlyphPositioningTable.MarkAnchor [ nm ];
        for ( int i = 0; i < nm; i++ ) {
            // read mark class
            int mc = in.readTTFUShort();
            // read mark anchor offset
            int ao = in.readTTFUShort();
            GlyphPositioningTable.Anchor a;
            if ( ao > 0 ) {
                a = readPosAnchor ( subtableOffset + mao + ao );
            } else {
                a = null;
            }
            GlyphPositioningTable.MarkAnchor ma;
            if ( a != null ) {
                ma = new GlyphPositioningTable.MarkAnchor ( mc, a );
            } else {
                ma = null;
            }
            maa [ i ] = ma;
            if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
                log.debug(tableTag + " mark-to-ligature positioning mark anchor[" + i + "]: " + ma);
            }
        }
        // read ligature anchor matrix
        // seek to ligature array
        in.seekSet(subtableOffset + lao);
        // read ligature count
        int nl = in.readTTFUShort();
        if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
            log.debug(tableTag + " mark-to-ligature positioning ligature count: " + nl );
        }
        // read ligature attach table offsets
        int[] laoa = new int [ nl ];
        for ( int i = 0; i < nl; i++ ) {
            laoa [ i ] = in.readTTFUShort();
        }
        // iterate over ligature attach tables, recording maximum component count
        int mxc = 0;
        for ( int i = 0; i < nl; i++ ) {
            int lato = laoa [ i ];
            in.seekSet ( subtableOffset + lao + lato );
            // read component count
            int cc = in.readTTFUShort();
            if ( cc > mxc ) {
                mxc = cc;
            }
        }
        if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
            log.debug(tableTag + " mark-to-ligature positioning maximum component count: " + mxc );
        }
        // read anchor matrix, where i:{0...ligatureCount - 1}, j:{0...maxComponentCount - 1}, k:{0...markClassCount - 1}
        GlyphPositioningTable.Anchor[][][] lam = new GlyphPositioningTable.Anchor [ nl ][][];
        for ( int i = 0; i < nl; i++ ) {
            int lato = laoa [ i ];
            // seek to ligature attach table for ligature[i]
            in.seekSet ( subtableOffset + lao + lato );
            // read component count
            int cc = in.readTTFUShort();
            GlyphPositioningTable.Anchor[][] lcm = new GlyphPositioningTable.Anchor [ cc ] [ nmc ];
            for ( int j = 0; j < cc; j++ ) {
                for ( int k = 0; k < nmc; k++ ) {
                    // read ligature anchor offset
                    int ao = in.readTTFUShort();
                    GlyphPositioningTable.Anchor a;
                    if ( ao > 0 ) {
                        a  = readPosAnchor ( subtableOffset + lao + lato + ao );
                    } else {
                        a = null;
                    }
                    lcm [ j ] [ k ] = a;
                    if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
                        log.debug(tableTag + " mark-to-ligature positioning ligature anchor[" + i + "][" + j + "][" + k + "]: " + a);
                    }
                }
            }
            lam [ i ] = lcm;
        }
        // store results
        seMapping = mct;
        seEntries.add ( lct );
        seEntries.add ( Integer.valueOf ( nmc ) );
        seEntries.add ( Integer.valueOf ( mxc ) );
        seEntries.add ( maa );
        seEntries.add ( lam );
    }

    private int readMarkToLigaturePosTable(int lookupType, int lookupFlags, long subtableOffset) throws IOException {
        in.seekSet(subtableOffset);
        // read positioning subtable format
        int sf = in.readTTFUShort();
        if ( sf == 1 ) {
            readMarkToLigaturePosTableFormat1 ( lookupType, lookupFlags, subtableOffset, sf );
        } else {
            throw new AdvancedTypographicTableFormatException ( "unsupported mark-to-ligature positioning subtable format: " + sf );
        }
        return sf;
    }

    private void readMarkToMarkPosTableFormat1(int lookupType, int lookupFlags, long subtableOffset, int subtableFormat) throws IOException {
        String tableTag = "GPOS";
        in.seekSet(subtableOffset);
        // skip over format (already known)
        in.skip ( 2 );
        // read mark #1 coverage offset
        int m1co = in.readTTFUShort();
        // read mark #2 coverage offset
        int m2co = in.readTTFUShort();
        // read mark class count
        int nmc = in.readTTFUShort();
        // read mark #1 array offset
        int m1ao = in.readTTFUShort();
        // read mark #2 array offset
        int m2ao = in.readTTFUShort();
        // dump info if debugging
        if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
            log.debug(tableTag + " mark-to-mark positioning subtable format: " + subtableFormat );
            log.debug(tableTag + " mark-to-mark positioning mark #1 coverage table offset: " + m1co );
            log.debug(tableTag + " mark-to-mark positioning mark #2 coverage table offset: " + m2co );
            log.debug(tableTag + " mark-to-mark positioning mark class count: " + nmc );
            log.debug(tableTag + " mark-to-mark positioning mark #1 array offset: " + m1ao );
            log.debug(tableTag + " mark-to-mark positioning mark #2 array offset: " + m2ao );
        }
        // read mark #1 coverage table
        GlyphCoverageTable mct1 = readCoverageTable ( tableTag + " mark-to-mark positioning mark #1 coverage", subtableOffset + m1co );
        // read mark #2 coverage table
        GlyphCoverageTable mct2 = readCoverageTable ( tableTag + " mark-to-mark positioning mark #2 coverage", subtableOffset + m2co );
        // read mark #1 anchor array
        // seek to mark array
        in.seekSet(subtableOffset + m1ao);
        // read mark count
        int nm1 = in.readTTFUShort();
        if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
            log.debug(tableTag + " mark-to-mark positioning mark #1 count: " + nm1 );
        }
        // read mark anchor array, where i:{0...mark1Count}
        GlyphPositioningTable.MarkAnchor[] maa = new GlyphPositioningTable.MarkAnchor [ nm1 ];
        for ( int i = 0; i < nm1; i++ ) {
            // read mark class
            int mc = in.readTTFUShort();
            // read mark anchor offset
            int ao = in.readTTFUShort();
            GlyphPositioningTable.Anchor a;
            if ( ao > 0 ) {
                a = readPosAnchor ( subtableOffset + m1ao + ao );
            } else {
                a = null;
            }
            GlyphPositioningTable.MarkAnchor ma;
            if ( a != null ) {
                ma = new GlyphPositioningTable.MarkAnchor ( mc, a );
            } else {
                ma = null;
            }
            maa [ i ] = ma;
            if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
                log.debug(tableTag + " mark-to-mark positioning mark #1 anchor[" + i + "]: " + ma);
            }
        }
        // read mark #2 anchor matrix
        // seek to mark #2 array
        in.seekSet(subtableOffset + m2ao);
        // read mark #2 count
        int nm2 = in.readTTFUShort();
        if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
            log.debug(tableTag + " mark-to-mark positioning mark #2 count: " + nm2 );
        }
        // read anchor matrix, where i:{0...mark2Count - 1}, j:{0...markClassCount - 1}
        GlyphPositioningTable.Anchor[][] mam = new GlyphPositioningTable.Anchor [ nm2 ] [ nmc ];
        for ( int i = 0; i < nm2; i++ ) {
            for ( int j = 0; j < nmc; j++ ) {
                // read mark anchor offset
                int ao = in.readTTFUShort();
                GlyphPositioningTable.Anchor a;
                if ( ao > 0 ) {
                    a = readPosAnchor ( subtableOffset + m2ao + ao );
                } else {
                    a = null;
                }
                mam [ i ] [ j ] = a;
                if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
                    log.debug(tableTag + " mark-to-mark positioning mark #2 anchor[" + i + "][" + j + "]: " + a);
                }
            }
        }
        // store results
        seMapping = mct1;
        seEntries.add ( mct2 );
        seEntries.add ( Integer.valueOf ( nmc ) );
        seEntries.add ( maa );
        seEntries.add ( mam );
    }

    private int readMarkToMarkPosTable(int lookupType, int lookupFlags, long subtableOffset) throws IOException {
        in.seekSet(subtableOffset);
        // read positioning subtable format
        int sf = in.readTTFUShort();
        if ( sf == 1 ) {
            readMarkToMarkPosTableFormat1 ( lookupType, lookupFlags, subtableOffset, sf );
        } else {
            throw new AdvancedTypographicTableFormatException ( "unsupported mark-to-mark positioning subtable format: " + sf );
        }
        return sf;
    }

    private void readContextualPosTableFormat1(int lookupType, int lookupFlags, long subtableOffset, int subtableFormat) throws IOException {
        String tableTag = "GPOS";
        in.seekSet(subtableOffset);
        // skip over format (already known)
        in.skip ( 2 );
        // read coverage offset
        int co = in.readTTFUShort();
        // read rule set count
        int nrs = in.readTTFUShort();
        // read rule set offsets
        int[] rsoa = new int [ nrs ];
        for ( int i = 0; i < nrs; i++ ) {
            rsoa [ i ] = in.readTTFUShort();
        }
        // dump info if debugging
        if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
            log.debug(tableTag + " contextual positioning subtable format: " + subtableFormat + " (glyphs)" );
            log.debug(tableTag + " contextual positioning coverage table offset: " + co );
            log.debug(tableTag + " contextual positioning rule set count: " + nrs );
            for ( int i = 0; i < nrs; i++ ) {
                log.debug(tableTag + " contextual positioning rule set offset[" + i + "]: " + rsoa[i] );
            }
        }
        // read coverage table
        GlyphCoverageTable ct;
        if ( co > 0 ) {
            ct = readCoverageTable ( tableTag + " contextual positioning coverage", subtableOffset + co );
        } else {
            ct = null;
        }
        // read rule sets
        GlyphTable.RuleSet[] rsa = new GlyphTable.RuleSet [ nrs ];
        String header = null;
        for ( int i = 0; i < nrs; i++ ) {
            GlyphTable.RuleSet rs;
            int rso = rsoa [ i ];
            if ( rso > 0 ) {
                // seek to rule set [ i ]
                in.seekSet ( subtableOffset + rso );
                // read rule count
                int nr = in.readTTFUShort();
                // read rule offsets
                int[] roa = new int [ nr ];
                GlyphTable.Rule[] ra = new GlyphTable.Rule [ nr ];
                for ( int j = 0; j < nr; j++ ) {
                    roa [ j ] = in.readTTFUShort();
                }
                // read glyph sequence rules
                for ( int j = 0; j < nr; j++ ) {
                    GlyphTable.GlyphSequenceRule r;
                    int ro = roa [ j ];
                    if ( ro > 0 ) {
                        // seek to rule [ j ]
                        in.seekSet ( subtableOffset + rso + ro );
                        // read glyph count
                        int ng = in.readTTFUShort();
                        // read rule lookup count
                        int nl = in.readTTFUShort();
                        // read glyphs
                        int[] glyphs = new int [ ng - 1 ];
                        for ( int k = 0, nk = glyphs.length; k < nk; k++ ) {
                            glyphs [ k ] = in.readTTFUShort();
                        }
                        // read rule lookups
                        if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
                            header = tableTag + " contextual positioning lookups @rule[" + i + "][" + j + "]: ";
                        }
                        GlyphTable.RuleLookup[] lookups = readRuleLookups ( nl, header );
                        r = new GlyphTable.GlyphSequenceRule ( lookups, ng, glyphs );
                    } else {
                        r = null;
                    }
                    ra [ j ] = r;
                }
                rs = new GlyphTable.HomogeneousRuleSet ( ra );
            } else {
                rs = null;
            }
            rsa [ i ] = rs;
        }
        // store results
        seMapping = ct;
        seEntries.add ( rsa );
    }

    private void readContextualPosTableFormat2(int lookupType, int lookupFlags, long subtableOffset, int subtableFormat) throws IOException {
        String tableTag = "GPOS";
        in.seekSet(subtableOffset);
        // skip over format (already known)
        in.skip ( 2 );
        // read coverage offset
        int co = in.readTTFUShort();
        // read class def table offset
        int cdo = in.readTTFUShort();
        // read class rule set count
        int ngc = in.readTTFUShort();
        // read class rule set offsets
        int[] csoa = new int [ ngc ];
        for ( int i = 0; i < ngc; i++ ) {
            csoa [ i ] = in.readTTFUShort();
        }
        // dump info if debugging
        if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
            log.debug(tableTag + " contextual positioning subtable format: " + subtableFormat + " (glyph classes)" );
            log.debug(tableTag + " contextual positioning coverage table offset: " + co );
            log.debug(tableTag + " contextual positioning class set count: " + ngc );
            for ( int i = 0; i < ngc; i++ ) {
                log.debug(tableTag + " contextual positioning class set offset[" + i + "]: " + csoa[i] );
            }
        }
        // read coverage table
        GlyphCoverageTable ct;
        if ( co > 0 ) {
            ct = readCoverageTable ( tableTag + " contextual positioning coverage", subtableOffset + co );
        } else {
            ct = null;
        }
        // read class definition table
        GlyphClassTable cdt;
        if ( cdo > 0 ) {
            cdt = readClassDefTable ( tableTag + " contextual positioning class definition", subtableOffset + cdo );
        } else {
            cdt = null;
        }
        // read rule sets
        GlyphTable.RuleSet[] rsa = new GlyphTable.RuleSet [ ngc ];
        String header = null;
        for ( int i = 0; i < ngc; i++ ) {
            int cso = csoa [ i ];
            GlyphTable.RuleSet rs;
            if ( cso > 0 ) {
                // seek to rule set [ i ]
                in.seekSet ( subtableOffset + cso );
                // read rule count
                int nr = in.readTTFUShort();
                // read rule offsets
                int[] roa = new int [ nr ];
                GlyphTable.Rule[] ra = new GlyphTable.Rule [ nr ];
                for ( int j = 0; j < nr; j++ ) {
                    roa [ j ] = in.readTTFUShort();
                }
                // read glyph sequence rules
                for ( int j = 0; j < nr; j++ ) {
                    int ro = roa [ j ];
                    GlyphTable.ClassSequenceRule r;
                    if ( ro > 0 ) {
                        // seek to rule [ j ]
                        in.seekSet ( subtableOffset + cso + ro );
                        // read glyph count
                        int ng = in.readTTFUShort();
                        // read rule lookup count
                        int nl = in.readTTFUShort();
                        // read classes
                        int[] classes = new int [ ng - 1 ];
                        for ( int k = 0, nk = classes.length; k < nk; k++ ) {
                            classes [ k ] = in.readTTFUShort();
                        }
                        // read rule lookups
                        if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
                            header = tableTag + " contextual positioning lookups @rule[" + i + "][" + j + "]: ";
                        }
                        GlyphTable.RuleLookup[] lookups = readRuleLookups ( nl, header );
                        r = new GlyphTable.ClassSequenceRule ( lookups, ng, classes );
                    } else {
                        r = null;
                    }
                    ra [ j ] = r;
                }
                rs = new GlyphTable.HomogeneousRuleSet ( ra );
            } else {
                rs = null;
            }
            rsa [ i ] = rs;
        }
        // store results
        seMapping = ct;
        seEntries.add ( cdt );
        seEntries.add ( Integer.valueOf ( ngc ) );
        seEntries.add ( rsa );
    }

    private void readContextualPosTableFormat3(int lookupType, int lookupFlags, long subtableOffset, int subtableFormat) throws IOException {
        String tableTag = "GPOS";
        in.seekSet(subtableOffset);
        // skip over format (already known)
        in.skip ( 2 );
        // read glyph (input sequence length) count
        int ng = in.readTTFUShort();
        // read positioning lookup count
        int nl = in.readTTFUShort();
        // read glyph coverage offsets, one per glyph input sequence length count
        int[] gcoa = new int [ ng ];
        for ( int i = 0; i < ng; i++ ) {
            gcoa [ i ] = in.readTTFUShort();
        }
        // dump info if debugging
        if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
            log.debug(tableTag + " contextual positioning subtable format: " + subtableFormat + " (glyph sets)" );
            log.debug(tableTag + " contextual positioning glyph input sequence length count: " + ng );
            log.debug(tableTag + " contextual positioning lookup count: " + nl );
            for ( int i = 0; i < ng; i++ ) {
                log.debug(tableTag + " contextual positioning coverage table offset[" + i + "]: " + gcoa[i] );
            }
        }
        // read coverage tables
        GlyphCoverageTable[] gca = new GlyphCoverageTable [ ng ];
        for ( int i = 0; i < ng; i++ ) {
            int gco = gcoa [ i ];
            GlyphCoverageTable gct;
            if ( gco > 0 ) {
                gct = readCoverageTable ( tableTag + " contextual positioning coverage[" + i + "]", subtableOffset + gcoa[i] );
            } else {
                gct = null;
            }
            gca [ i ] = gct;
        }
        // read rule lookups
        String header = null;
        if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
            header = tableTag + " contextual positioning lookups: ";
        }
        GlyphTable.RuleLookup[] lookups = readRuleLookups ( nl, header );
        // construct rule, rule set, and rule set array
        GlyphTable.Rule r = new GlyphTable.CoverageSequenceRule ( lookups, ng, gca );
        GlyphTable.RuleSet rs = new GlyphTable.HomogeneousRuleSet ( new GlyphTable.Rule[] {r} );
        GlyphTable.RuleSet[] rsa = new GlyphTable.RuleSet[] {rs};
        // store results
        assert ( gca != null ) && ( gca.length > 0 );
        seMapping = gca[0];
        seEntries.add ( rsa );
    }

    private int readContextualPosTable(int lookupType, int lookupFlags, long subtableOffset) throws IOException {
        in.seekSet(subtableOffset);
        // read positioning subtable format
        int sf = in.readTTFUShort();
        if ( sf == 1 ) {
            readContextualPosTableFormat1 ( lookupType, lookupFlags, subtableOffset, sf );
        } else if ( sf == 2 ) {
            readContextualPosTableFormat2 ( lookupType, lookupFlags, subtableOffset, sf );
        } else if ( sf == 3 ) {
            readContextualPosTableFormat3 ( lookupType, lookupFlags, subtableOffset, sf );
        } else {
            throw new AdvancedTypographicTableFormatException ( "unsupported contextual positioning subtable format: " + sf );
        }
        return sf;
    }

    private void readChainedContextualPosTableFormat1(int lookupType, int lookupFlags, long subtableOffset, int subtableFormat) throws IOException {
        String tableTag = "GPOS";
        in.seekSet(subtableOffset);
        // skip over format (already known)
        in.skip ( 2 );
        // read coverage offset
        int co = in.readTTFUShort();
        // read rule set count
        int nrs = in.readTTFUShort();
        // read rule set offsets
        int[] rsoa = new int [ nrs ];
        for ( int i = 0; i < nrs; i++ ) {
            rsoa [ i ] = in.readTTFUShort();
        }
        // dump info if debugging
        if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
            log.debug(tableTag + " chained contextual positioning subtable format: " + subtableFormat + " (glyphs)" );
            log.debug(tableTag + " chained contextual positioning coverage table offset: " + co );
            log.debug(tableTag + " chained contextual positioning rule set count: " + nrs );
            for ( int i = 0; i < nrs; i++ ) {
                log.debug(tableTag + " chained contextual positioning rule set offset[" + i + "]: " + rsoa[i] );
            }
        }
        // read coverage table
        GlyphCoverageTable ct;
        if ( co > 0 ) {
            ct = readCoverageTable ( tableTag + " chained contextual positioning coverage", subtableOffset + co );
        } else {
            ct = null;
        }
        // read rule sets
        GlyphTable.RuleSet[] rsa = new GlyphTable.RuleSet [ nrs ];
        String header = null;
        for ( int i = 0; i < nrs; i++ ) {
            GlyphTable.RuleSet rs;
            int rso = rsoa [ i ];
            if ( rso > 0 ) {
                // seek to rule set [ i ]
                in.seekSet ( subtableOffset + rso );
                // read rule count
                int nr = in.readTTFUShort();
                // read rule offsets
                int[] roa = new int [ nr ];
                GlyphTable.Rule[] ra = new GlyphTable.Rule [ nr ];
                for ( int j = 0; j < nr; j++ ) {
                    roa [ j ] = in.readTTFUShort();
                }
                // read glyph sequence rules
                for ( int j = 0; j < nr; j++ ) {
                    GlyphTable.ChainedGlyphSequenceRule r;
                    int ro = roa [ j ];
                    if ( ro > 0 ) {
                        // seek to rule [ j ]
                        in.seekSet ( subtableOffset + rso + ro );
                        // read backtrack glyph count
                        int nbg = in.readTTFUShort();
                        // read backtrack glyphs
                        int[] backtrackGlyphs = new int [ nbg ];
                        for ( int k = 0, nk = backtrackGlyphs.length; k < nk; k++ ) {
                            backtrackGlyphs [ k ] = in.readTTFUShort();
                        }
                        // read input glyph count
                        int nig = in.readTTFUShort();
                        // read glyphs
                        int[] glyphs = new int [ nig - 1 ];
                        for ( int k = 0, nk = glyphs.length; k < nk; k++ ) {
                            glyphs [ k ] = in.readTTFUShort();
                        }
                        // read lookahead glyph count
                        int nlg = in.readTTFUShort();
                        // read lookahead glyphs
                        int[] lookaheadGlyphs = new int [ nlg ];
                        for ( int k = 0, nk = lookaheadGlyphs.length; k < nk; k++ ) {
                            lookaheadGlyphs [ k ] = in.readTTFUShort();
                        }
                        // read rule lookup count
                        int nl = in.readTTFUShort();
                        // read rule lookups
                        if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
                            header = tableTag + " contextual positioning lookups @rule[" + i + "][" + j + "]: ";
                        }
                        GlyphTable.RuleLookup[] lookups = readRuleLookups ( nl, header );
                        r = new GlyphTable.ChainedGlyphSequenceRule ( lookups, nig, glyphs, backtrackGlyphs, lookaheadGlyphs );
                    } else {
                        r = null;
                    }
                    ra [ j ] = r;
                }
                rs = new GlyphTable.HomogeneousRuleSet ( ra );
            } else {
                rs = null;
            }
            rsa [ i ] = rs;
        }
        // store results
        seMapping = ct;
        seEntries.add ( rsa );
    }

    private void readChainedContextualPosTableFormat2(int lookupType, int lookupFlags, long subtableOffset, int subtableFormat) throws IOException {
        String tableTag = "GPOS";
        in.seekSet(subtableOffset);
        // skip over format (already known)
        in.skip ( 2 );
        // read coverage offset
        int co = in.readTTFUShort();
        // read backtrack class def table offset
        int bcdo = in.readTTFUShort();
        // read input class def table offset
        int icdo = in.readTTFUShort();
        // read lookahead class def table offset
        int lcdo = in.readTTFUShort();
        // read class set count
        int ngc = in.readTTFUShort();
        // read class set offsets
        int[] csoa = new int [ ngc ];
        for ( int i = 0; i < ngc; i++ ) {
            csoa [ i ] = in.readTTFUShort();
        }
        // dump info if debugging
        if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
            log.debug(tableTag + " chained contextual positioning subtable format: " + subtableFormat + " (glyph classes)" );
            log.debug(tableTag + " chained contextual positioning coverage table offset: " + co );
            log.debug(tableTag + " chained contextual positioning class set count: " + ngc );
            for ( int i = 0; i < ngc; i++ ) {
                log.debug(tableTag + " chained contextual positioning class set offset[" + i + "]: " + csoa[i] );
            }
        }
        // read coverage table
        GlyphCoverageTable ct;
        if ( co > 0 ) {
            ct = readCoverageTable ( tableTag + " chained contextual positioning coverage", subtableOffset + co );
        } else {
            ct = null;
        }
        // read backtrack class definition table
        GlyphClassTable bcdt;
        if ( bcdo > 0 ) {
            bcdt = readClassDefTable ( tableTag + " contextual positioning backtrack class definition", subtableOffset + bcdo );
        } else {
            bcdt = null;
        }
        // read input class definition table
        GlyphClassTable icdt;
        if ( icdo > 0 ) {
            icdt = readClassDefTable ( tableTag + " contextual positioning input class definition", subtableOffset + icdo );
        } else {
            icdt = null;
        }
        // read lookahead class definition table
        GlyphClassTable lcdt;
        if ( lcdo > 0 ) {
            lcdt = readClassDefTable ( tableTag + " contextual positioning lookahead class definition", subtableOffset + lcdo );
        } else {
            lcdt = null;
        }
        // read rule sets
        GlyphTable.RuleSet[] rsa = new GlyphTable.RuleSet [ ngc ];
        String header = null;
        for ( int i = 0; i < ngc; i++ ) {
            int cso = csoa [ i ];
            GlyphTable.RuleSet rs;
            if ( cso > 0 ) {
                // seek to rule set [ i ]
                in.seekSet ( subtableOffset + cso );
                // read rule count
                int nr = in.readTTFUShort();
                // read rule offsets
                int[] roa = new int [ nr ];
                GlyphTable.Rule[] ra = new GlyphTable.Rule [ nr ];
                for ( int j = 0; j < nr; j++ ) {
                    roa [ j ] = in.readTTFUShort();
                }
                // read glyph sequence rules
                for ( int j = 0; j < nr; j++ ) {
                    GlyphTable.ChainedClassSequenceRule r;
                    int ro = roa [ j ];
                    if ( ro > 0 ) {
                        // seek to rule [ j ]
                        in.seekSet ( subtableOffset + cso + ro );
                        // read backtrack glyph class count
                        int nbc = in.readTTFUShort();
                        // read backtrack glyph classes
                        int[] backtrackClasses = new int [ nbc ];
                        for ( int k = 0, nk = backtrackClasses.length; k < nk; k++ ) {
                            backtrackClasses [ k ] = in.readTTFUShort();
                        }
                        // read input glyph class count
                        int nic = in.readTTFUShort();
                        // read input glyph classes
                        int[] classes = new int [ nic - 1 ];
                        for ( int k = 0, nk = classes.length; k < nk; k++ ) {
                            classes [ k ] = in.readTTFUShort();
                        }
                        // read lookahead glyph class count
                        int nlc = in.readTTFUShort();
                        // read lookahead glyph classes
                        int[] lookaheadClasses = new int [ nlc ];
                        for ( int k = 0, nk = lookaheadClasses.length; k < nk; k++ ) {
                            lookaheadClasses [ k ] = in.readTTFUShort();
                        }
                        // read rule lookup count
                        int nl = in.readTTFUShort();
                        // read rule lookups
                        if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
                            header = tableTag + " contextual positioning lookups @rule[" + i + "][" + j + "]: ";
                        }
                        GlyphTable.RuleLookup[] lookups = readRuleLookups ( nl, header );
                        r = new GlyphTable.ChainedClassSequenceRule ( lookups, nic, classes, backtrackClasses, lookaheadClasses );
                    } else {
                        r = null;
                    }
                    ra [ j ] = r;
                }
                rs = new GlyphTable.HomogeneousRuleSet ( ra );
            } else {
                rs = null;
            }
            rsa [ i ] = rs;
        }
        // store results
        seMapping = ct;
        seEntries.add ( icdt );
        seEntries.add ( bcdt );
        seEntries.add ( lcdt );
        seEntries.add ( Integer.valueOf ( ngc ) );
        seEntries.add ( rsa );
    }

    private void readChainedContextualPosTableFormat3(int lookupType, int lookupFlags, long subtableOffset, int subtableFormat) throws IOException {
        String tableTag = "GPOS";
        in.seekSet(subtableOffset);
        // skip over format (already known)
        in.skip ( 2 );
        // read backtrack glyph count
        int nbg = in.readTTFUShort();
        // read backtrack glyph coverage offsets
        int[] bgcoa = new int [ nbg ];
        for ( int i = 0; i < nbg; i++ ) {
            bgcoa [ i ] = in.readTTFUShort();
        }
        // read input glyph count
        int nig = in.readTTFUShort();
        // read backtrack glyph coverage offsets
        int[] igcoa = new int [ nig ];
        for ( int i = 0; i < nig; i++ ) {
            igcoa [ i ] = in.readTTFUShort();
        }
        // read lookahead glyph count
        int nlg = in.readTTFUShort();
        // read backtrack glyph coverage offsets
        int[] lgcoa = new int [ nlg ];
        for ( int i = 0; i < nlg; i++ ) {
            lgcoa [ i ] = in.readTTFUShort();
        }
        // read positioning lookup count
        int nl = in.readTTFUShort();
        // dump info if debugging
        if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
            log.debug(tableTag + " chained contextual positioning subtable format: " + subtableFormat + " (glyph sets)" );
            log.debug(tableTag + " chained contextual positioning backtrack glyph count: " + nbg );
            for ( int i = 0; i < nbg; i++ ) {
                log.debug(tableTag + " chained contextual positioning backtrack coverage table offset[" + i + "]: " + bgcoa[i] );
            }
            log.debug(tableTag + " chained contextual positioning input glyph count: " + nig );
            for ( int i = 0; i < nig; i++ ) {
                log.debug(tableTag + " chained contextual positioning input coverage table offset[" + i + "]: " + igcoa[i] );
            }
            log.debug(tableTag + " chained contextual positioning lookahead glyph count: " + nlg );
            for ( int i = 0; i < nlg; i++ ) {
                log.debug(tableTag + " chained contextual positioning lookahead coverage table offset[" + i + "]: " + lgcoa[i] );
            }
            log.debug(tableTag + " chained contextual positioning lookup count: " + nl );
        }
        // read backtrack coverage tables
        GlyphCoverageTable[] bgca = new GlyphCoverageTable[nbg];
        for ( int i = 0; i < nbg; i++ ) {
            int bgco = bgcoa [ i ];
            GlyphCoverageTable bgct;
            if ( bgco > 0 ) {
                bgct = readCoverageTable ( tableTag + " chained contextual positioning backtrack coverage[" + i + "]", subtableOffset + bgco );
            } else {
                bgct = null;
            }
            bgca[i] = bgct;
        }
        // read input coverage tables
        GlyphCoverageTable[] igca = new GlyphCoverageTable[nig];
        for ( int i = 0; i < nig; i++ ) {
            int igco = igcoa [ i ];
            GlyphCoverageTable igct;
            if ( igco > 0 ) {
                igct = readCoverageTable ( tableTag + " chained contextual positioning input coverage[" + i + "]", subtableOffset + igco );
            } else {
                igct = null;
            }
            igca[i] = igct;
        }
        // read lookahead coverage tables
        GlyphCoverageTable[] lgca = new GlyphCoverageTable[nlg];
        for ( int i = 0; i < nlg; i++ ) {
            int lgco = lgcoa [ i ];
            GlyphCoverageTable lgct;
            if ( lgco > 0 ) {
                lgct = readCoverageTable ( tableTag + " chained contextual positioning lookahead coverage[" + i + "]", subtableOffset + lgco );
            } else {
                lgct = null;
            }
            lgca[i] = lgct;
        }
        // read rule lookups
        String header = null;
        if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
            header = tableTag + " chained contextual positioning lookups: ";
        }
        GlyphTable.RuleLookup[] lookups = readRuleLookups ( nl, header );
        // construct rule, rule set, and rule set array
        GlyphTable.Rule r = new GlyphTable.ChainedCoverageSequenceRule ( lookups, nig, igca, bgca, lgca );
        GlyphTable.RuleSet rs = new GlyphTable.HomogeneousRuleSet ( new GlyphTable.Rule[] {r} );
        GlyphTable.RuleSet[] rsa = new GlyphTable.RuleSet[] {rs};
        // store results
        assert ( igca != null ) && ( igca.length > 0 );
        seMapping = igca[0];
        seEntries.add ( rsa );
    }

    private int readChainedContextualPosTable(int lookupType, int lookupFlags, long subtableOffset) throws IOException {
        in.seekSet(subtableOffset);
        // read positioning subtable format
        int sf = in.readTTFUShort();
        if ( sf == 1 ) {
            readChainedContextualPosTableFormat1 ( lookupType, lookupFlags, subtableOffset, sf );
        } else if ( sf == 2 ) {
            readChainedContextualPosTableFormat2 ( lookupType, lookupFlags, subtableOffset, sf );
        } else if ( sf == 3 ) {
            readChainedContextualPosTableFormat3 ( lookupType, lookupFlags, subtableOffset, sf );
        } else {
            throw new AdvancedTypographicTableFormatException ( "unsupported chained contextual positioning subtable format: " + sf );
        }
        return sf;
    }

    private void readExtensionPosTableFormat1(int lookupType, int lookupFlags, int lookupSequence, int subtableSequence, long subtableOffset, int subtableFormat) throws IOException {
        String tableTag = "GPOS";
        in.seekSet(subtableOffset);
        // skip over format (already known)
        in.skip ( 2 );
        // read extension lookup type
        int lt = in.readTTFUShort();
        // read extension offset
        long eo = in.readTTFULong();
        // dump info if debugging
        if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
            log.debug(tableTag + " extension positioning subtable format: " + subtableFormat );
            log.debug(tableTag + " extension positioning lookup type: " + lt );
            log.debug(tableTag + " extension positioning lookup table offset: " + eo );
        }
        // read referenced subtable from extended offset
        readGPOSSubtable ( lt, lookupFlags, lookupSequence, subtableSequence, subtableOffset + eo );
    }

    private int readExtensionPosTable(int lookupType, int lookupFlags, int lookupSequence, int subtableSequence, long subtableOffset) throws IOException {
        in.seekSet(subtableOffset);
        // read positioning subtable format
        int sf = in.readTTFUShort();
        if ( sf == 1 ) {
            readExtensionPosTableFormat1 ( lookupType, lookupFlags, lookupSequence, subtableSequence, subtableOffset, sf );
        } else {
            throw new AdvancedTypographicTableFormatException ( "unsupported extension positioning subtable format: " + sf );
        }
        return sf;
    }

    private void readGPOSSubtable(int lookupType, int lookupFlags, int lookupSequence, int subtableSequence, long subtableOffset) throws IOException {
        initATSubState();
        int subtableFormat = -1;
        switch ( lookupType ) {
        case GPOSLookupType.SINGLE:
            subtableFormat = readSinglePosTable ( lookupType, lookupFlags, subtableOffset );
            break;
        case GPOSLookupType.PAIR:
            subtableFormat = readPairPosTable ( lookupType, lookupFlags, subtableOffset );
            break;
        case GPOSLookupType.CURSIVE:
            subtableFormat = readCursivePosTable ( lookupType, lookupFlags, subtableOffset );
            break;
        case GPOSLookupType.MARK_TO_BASE:
            subtableFormat = readMarkToBasePosTable ( lookupType, lookupFlags, subtableOffset );
            break;
        case GPOSLookupType.MARK_TO_LIGATURE:
            subtableFormat = readMarkToLigaturePosTable ( lookupType, lookupFlags, subtableOffset );
            break;
        case GPOSLookupType.MARK_TO_MARK:
            subtableFormat = readMarkToMarkPosTable ( lookupType, lookupFlags, subtableOffset );
            break;
        case GPOSLookupType.CONTEXTUAL:
            subtableFormat = readContextualPosTable ( lookupType, lookupFlags, subtableOffset );
            break;
        case GPOSLookupType.CHAINED_CONTEXTUAL:
            subtableFormat = readChainedContextualPosTable ( lookupType, lookupFlags, subtableOffset );
            break;
        case GPOSLookupType.EXTENSION:
            subtableFormat = readExtensionPosTable ( lookupType, lookupFlags, lookupSequence, subtableSequence, subtableOffset );
            break;
        default:
            break;
        }
        extractSESubState ( GlyphTable.GLYPH_TABLE_TYPE_POSITIONING, lookupType, lookupFlags, lookupSequence, subtableSequence, subtableFormat );
        resetATSubState();
    }

    private void readLookupTable(TTFTableName tableTag, int lookupSequence, long lookupTable) throws IOException {
        boolean isGSUB = tableTag.equals ( TTFTableName.GSUB );
        boolean isGPOS = tableTag.equals ( TTFTableName.GPOS );
        in.seekSet(lookupTable);
        // read lookup type
        int lt = in.readTTFUShort();
        // read lookup flags
        int lf = in.readTTFUShort();
        // read sub-table count
        int ns = in.readTTFUShort();
        // dump info if debugging
        if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
            String lts;
            if ( isGSUB ) {
                lts = GSUBLookupType.toString ( lt );
            } else if ( isGPOS ) {
                lts = GPOSLookupType.toString ( lt );
            } else {
                lts = "?";
            }
            log.debug(tableTag + " lookup table type: " + lt + " (" + lts + ")" );
            log.debug(tableTag + " lookup table flags: " + lf + " (" + LookupFlag.toString ( lf ) + ")" );
            log.debug(tableTag + " lookup table subtable count: " + ns );
        }
        // read subtable offsets
        int[] soa = new int[ns];
        for ( int i = 0; i < ns; i++ ) {
            int so = in.readTTFUShort();
            if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
                log.debug(tableTag + " lookup table subtable offset: " + so );
            }
            soa[i] = so;
        }
        // read mark filtering set
        if ( ( lf & LookupFlag.USE_MARK_FILTERING_SET ) != 0 ) {
            // read mark filtering set
            int fs = in.readTTFUShort();
            // dump info if debugging
            if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
                log.debug(tableTag + " lookup table mark filter set: " + fs );
            }
        }
        // read subtables
        for ( int i = 0; i < ns; i++ ) {
            int so = soa[i];
            if ( isGSUB ) {
                readGSUBSubtable ( lt, lf, lookupSequence, i, lookupTable + so );
            } else if ( isGPOS ) {
                readGPOSSubtable ( lt, lf, lookupSequence, i, lookupTable + so );
            }
        }
    }

    private void readLookupList(TTFTableName tableTag, long lookupList) throws IOException {
        in.seekSet(lookupList);
        // read lookup record count
        int nl = in.readTTFUShort();
        if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
            log.debug(tableTag + " lookup list record count: " + nl );
        }
        if ( nl > 0 ) {
            int[] loa = new int[nl];
            // read lookup records
            for ( int i = 0, n = nl; i < n; i++ ) {
                int lo = in.readTTFUShort();
                if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
                    log.debug(tableTag + " lookup table offset: " + lo );
                }
                loa[i] = lo;
            }
            // read lookup tables
            for ( int i = 0, n = nl; i < n; i++ ) {
                if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
                    log.debug(tableTag + " lookup index: " + i );
                }
                readLookupTable ( tableTag, i, lookupList + loa [ i ] );
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * Read the common layout tables (used by GSUB and GPOS).
     * @param tableTag tag of table being read
     * @param scriptList offset to script list from beginning of font file
     * @param featureList offset to feature list from beginning of font file
     * @param lookupList offset to lookup list from beginning of font file
     * @throws IOException In case of a I/O problem
     */
    private void readCommonLayoutTables(TTFTableName tableTag, long scriptList, long featureList, long lookupList) throws IOException {
        if ( scriptList > 0 ) {
            readScriptList ( tableTag, scriptList );
        }
        if ( featureList > 0 ) {
            readFeatureList ( tableTag, featureList );
        }
        if ( lookupList > 0 ) {
            readLookupList ( tableTag, lookupList );
        }
    }

    private void readGDEFClassDefTable(TTFTableName tableTag, int lookupSequence, long subtableOffset) throws IOException {
        initATSubState();
        in.seekSet(subtableOffset);
        // subtable is a bare class definition table
        GlyphClassTable ct = readClassDefTable ( tableTag + " glyph class definition table", subtableOffset );
        // store results
        seMapping = ct;
        // extract subtable
        extractSESubState ( GlyphTable.GLYPH_TABLE_TYPE_DEFINITION, GDEFLookupType.GLYPH_CLASS, 0, lookupSequence, 0, 1 );
        resetATSubState();
    }

    private void readGDEFAttachmentTable(TTFTableName tableTag, int lookupSequence, long subtableOffset) throws IOException {
        initATSubState();
        in.seekSet(subtableOffset);
        // read coverage offset
        int co = in.readTTFUShort();
        // dump info if debugging
        if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
            log.debug(tableTag + " attachment point coverage table offset: " + co );
        }
        // read coverage table
        GlyphCoverageTable ct = readCoverageTable ( tableTag + " attachment point coverage", subtableOffset + co );
        // store results
        seMapping = ct;
        // extract subtable
        extractSESubState ( GlyphTable.GLYPH_TABLE_TYPE_DEFINITION, GDEFLookupType.ATTACHMENT_POINT, 0, lookupSequence, 0, 1 );
        resetATSubState();
    }

    private void readGDEFLigatureCaretTable(TTFTableName tableTag, int lookupSequence, long subtableOffset) throws IOException {
        initATSubState();
        in.seekSet(subtableOffset);
        // read coverage offset
        int co = in.readTTFUShort();
        // read ligature glyph count
        int nl = in.readTTFUShort();
        // read ligature glyph table offsets
        int[] lgto = new int [ nl ];
        for ( int i = 0; i < nl; i++ ) {
            lgto [ i ] = in.readTTFUShort();
        }

        // dump info if debugging
        if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
            log.debug(tableTag + " ligature caret coverage table offset: " + co );
            log.debug(tableTag + " ligature caret ligature glyph count: " + nl );
            for ( int i = 0; i < nl; i++ ) {
                log.debug(tableTag + " ligature glyph table offset[" + i + "]: " + lgto[i] );
            }
        }
        // read coverage table
        GlyphCoverageTable ct = readCoverageTable ( tableTag + " ligature caret coverage", subtableOffset + co );
        // store results
        seMapping = ct;
        // extract subtable
        extractSESubState ( GlyphTable.GLYPH_TABLE_TYPE_DEFINITION, GDEFLookupType.LIGATURE_CARET, 0, lookupSequence, 0, 1 );
        resetATSubState();
    }

    private void readGDEFMarkAttachmentTable(TTFTableName tableTag, int lookupSequence, long subtableOffset) throws IOException {
        initATSubState();
        in.seekSet(subtableOffset);
        // subtable is a bare class definition table
        GlyphClassTable ct = readClassDefTable ( tableTag + " glyph class definition table", subtableOffset );
        // store results
        seMapping = ct;
        // extract subtable
        extractSESubState ( GlyphTable.GLYPH_TABLE_TYPE_DEFINITION, GDEFLookupType.MARK_ATTACHMENT, 0, lookupSequence, 0, 1 );
        resetATSubState();
    }

    private void readGDEFMarkGlyphsTableFormat1(TTFTableName tableTag, int lookupSequence, long subtableOffset, int subtableFormat) throws IOException {
        initATSubState();
        in.seekSet(subtableOffset);
        // skip over format (already known)
        in.skip ( 2 );
        // read mark set class count
        int nmc = in.readTTFUShort();
        long[] mso = new long [ nmc ];
        // read mark set coverage offsets
        for ( int i = 0; i < nmc; i++ ) {
            mso [ i ] = in.readTTFULong();
        }
        // dump info if debugging
        if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
            log.debug(tableTag + " mark set subtable format: " + subtableFormat + " (glyph sets)" );
            log.debug(tableTag + " mark set class count: " + nmc );
            for ( int i = 0; i < nmc; i++ ) {
                log.debug(tableTag + " mark set coverage table offset[" + i + "]: " + mso[i] );
            }
        }
        // read mark set coverage tables, one per class
        GlyphCoverageTable[] msca = new GlyphCoverageTable[nmc];
        for ( int i = 0; i < nmc; i++ ) {
            msca[i] = readCoverageTable ( tableTag + " mark set coverage[" + i + "]", subtableOffset + mso[i] );
        }
        // create combined class table from per-class coverage tables
        GlyphClassTable ct = GlyphClassTable.createClassTable ( Arrays.asList ( msca ) );
        // store results
        seMapping = ct;
        // extract subtable
        extractSESubState ( GlyphTable.GLYPH_TABLE_TYPE_DEFINITION, GDEFLookupType.MARK_ATTACHMENT, 0, lookupSequence, 0, 1 );
        resetATSubState();
    }

    private void readGDEFMarkGlyphsTable(TTFTableName tableTag, int lookupSequence, long subtableOffset) throws IOException {
        in.seekSet(subtableOffset);
        // read mark set subtable format
        int sf = in.readTTFUShort();
        if ( sf == 1 ) {
            readGDEFMarkGlyphsTableFormat1 ( tableTag, lookupSequence, subtableOffset, sf );
        } else {
            throw new AdvancedTypographicTableFormatException ( "unsupported mark glyph sets subtable format: " + sf );
        }
    }

    /**
     * Read the GDEF table.
     * @throws IOException In case of a I/O problem
     */
    private void readGDEF() throws IOException {
        TTFTableName tableTag = TTFTableName.GDEF;
        // Initialize temporary state
        initATState();
        // Read glyph definition (GDEF) table
        TTFDirTabEntry dirTab = ttf.getDirectoryEntry( tableTag );
        if ( gdef != null ) {
            if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
                log.debug(tableTag + ": ignoring duplicate table");
            }
        } else if (dirTab != null) {
            ttf.seekTab(in, tableTag, 0);
            long version = in.readTTFULong();
            if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
                log.debug(tableTag + " version: " + ( version / 65536 ) + "." + ( version % 65536 ));
            }
            // glyph class definition table offset (may be null)
            int cdo = in.readTTFUShort();
            // attach point list offset (may be null)
            int apo = in.readTTFUShort();
            // ligature caret list offset (may be null)
            int lco = in.readTTFUShort();
            // mark attach class definition table offset (may be null)
            int mao = in.readTTFUShort();
            // mark glyph sets definition table offset (may be null)
            int mgo;
            if ( version >= 0x00010002 ) {
                mgo = in.readTTFUShort();
            } else {
                mgo = 0;
            }
            if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
                log.debug(tableTag + " glyph class definition table offset: " + cdo );
                log.debug(tableTag + " attachment point list offset: " + apo );
                log.debug(tableTag + " ligature caret list offset: " + lco );
                log.debug(tableTag + " mark attachment class definition table offset: " + mao );
                log.debug(tableTag + " mark glyph set definitions table offset: " + mgo );
            }
            // initialize subtable sequence number
            int seqno = 0;
            // obtain offset to start of gdef table
            long to = dirTab.getOffset();
            // (optionally) read glyph class definition subtable
            if ( cdo != 0 ) {
                readGDEFClassDefTable ( tableTag, seqno++, to + cdo );
            }
            // (optionally) read glyph attachment point subtable
            if ( apo != 0 ) {
                readGDEFAttachmentTable ( tableTag, seqno++, to + apo );
            }
            // (optionally) read ligature caret subtable
            if ( lco != 0 ) {
                readGDEFLigatureCaretTable ( tableTag, seqno++, to + lco );
            }
            // (optionally) read mark attachment class subtable
            if ( mao != 0 ) {
                readGDEFMarkAttachmentTable ( tableTag, seqno++, to + mao );
            }
            // (optionally) read mark glyph sets subtable
            if ( mgo != 0 ) {
                readGDEFMarkGlyphsTable ( tableTag, seqno++, to + mgo );
            }
            GlyphDefinitionTable gdef;
            if ( ( gdef = constructGDEF() ) != null ) {
                this.gdef = gdef;
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * Read the GSUB table.
     * @throws IOException In case of a I/O problem
     */
    private void readGSUB() throws IOException {
        TTFTableName tableTag = TTFTableName.GSUB;
        // Initialize temporary state
        initATState();
        // Read glyph substitution (GSUB) table
        TTFDirTabEntry dirTab = ttf.getDirectoryEntry ( tableTag );
        if ( gpos != null ) {
            if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
                log.debug(tableTag + ": ignoring duplicate table");
            }
        } else if (dirTab != null) {
            ttf.seekTab(in, tableTag, 0);
            int version = in.readTTFLong();
            if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
                log.debug(tableTag + " version: " + ( version / 65536 ) + "." + ( version % 65536 ));
            }
            int slo = in.readTTFUShort();
            int flo = in.readTTFUShort();
            int llo = in.readTTFUShort();
            if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
                log.debug(tableTag + " script list offset: " + slo );
                log.debug(tableTag + " feature list offset: " + flo );
                log.debug(tableTag + " lookup list offset: " + llo );
            }
            long to = dirTab.getOffset();
            readCommonLayoutTables ( tableTag, to + slo, to + flo, to + llo );
            GlyphSubstitutionTable gsub;
            if ( ( gsub = constructGSUB() ) != null ) {
                this.gsub = gsub;
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * Read the GPOS table.
     * @throws IOException In case of a I/O problem
     */
    private void readGPOS() throws IOException {
        TTFTableName tableTag = TTFTableName.GPOS;
        // Initialize temporary state
        initATState();
        // Read glyph positioning (GPOS) table
        TTFDirTabEntry dirTab = ttf.getDirectoryEntry ( tableTag );
        if ( gpos != null ) {
            if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
                log.debug(tableTag + ": ignoring duplicate table");
            }
        } else if (dirTab != null) {
            ttf.seekTab(in, tableTag, 0);
            int version = in.readTTFLong();
            if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
                log.debug(tableTag + " version: " + ( version / 65536 ) + "." + ( version % 65536 ));
            }
            int slo = in.readTTFUShort();
            int flo = in.readTTFUShort();
            int llo = in.readTTFUShort();
            if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
                log.debug(tableTag + " script list offset: " + slo );
                log.debug(tableTag + " feature list offset: " + flo );
                log.debug(tableTag + " lookup list offset: " + llo );
            }
            long to = dirTab.getOffset();
            readCommonLayoutTables ( tableTag, to + slo, to + flo, to + llo );
            GlyphPositioningTable gpos;
            if ( ( gpos = constructGPOS() ) != null ) {
                this.gpos = gpos;
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * Construct the (internal representation of the) GDEF table based on previously
     * parsed state.
     * @returns glyph definition table or null if insufficient or invalid state
     */
    private GlyphDefinitionTable constructGDEF() {
        GlyphDefinitionTable gdef = null;
        List subtables;
        if ( ( subtables = constructGDEFSubtables() ) != null ) {
            if ( subtables.size() > 0 ) {
                gdef = new GlyphDefinitionTable ( subtables );
            }
        }
        resetATState();
        return gdef;
    }

    /**
     * Construct the (internal representation of the) GSUB table based on previously
     * parsed state.
     * @returns glyph substitution table or null if insufficient or invalid state
     */
    private GlyphSubstitutionTable constructGSUB() {
        GlyphSubstitutionTable gsub = null;
        Map lookups;
        if ( ( lookups = constructLookups() ) != null ) {
            List subtables;
            if ( ( subtables = constructGSUBSubtables() ) != null ) {
                if ( ( lookups.size() > 0 ) && ( subtables.size() > 0 ) ) {
                    gsub = new GlyphSubstitutionTable ( gdef, lookups, subtables );
                }
            }
        }
        resetATState();
        return gsub;
    }

    /**
     * Construct the (internal representation of the) GPOS table based on previously
     * parsed state.
     * @returns glyph positioning table or null if insufficient or invalid state
     */
    private GlyphPositioningTable constructGPOS() {
        GlyphPositioningTable gpos = null;
        Map lookups;
        if ( ( lookups = constructLookups() ) != null ) {
            List subtables;
            if ( ( subtables = constructGPOSSubtables() ) != null ) {
                if ( ( lookups.size() > 0 ) && ( subtables.size() > 0 ) ) {
                    gpos = new GlyphPositioningTable ( gdef, lookups, subtables );
                }
            }
        }
        resetATState();
        return gpos;
    }

    private void constructLookupsFeature ( Map lookups, String st, String lt, String fid ) {
        Object[] fp = (Object[]) seFeatures.get ( fid );
        if ( fp != null ) {
            assert fp.length == 2;
            String ft = (String) fp[0];                 // feature tag
            List/*<String>*/ lul = (List) fp[1];        // list of lookup table ids
            if ( ( ft != null ) && ( lul != null ) && ( lul.size() > 0 ) ) {
                GlyphTable.LookupSpec ls = new GlyphTable.LookupSpec ( st, lt, ft );
                lookups.put ( ls, lul );
            }
        }
    }

    private void constructLookupsFeatures ( Map lookups, String st, String lt, List/*<String>*/ fids ) {
        for ( Iterator fit = fids.iterator(); fit.hasNext();) {
            String fid = (String) fit.next();
            constructLookupsFeature ( lookups, st, lt, fid );
        }
    }

    private void constructLookupsLanguage ( Map lookups, String st, String lt, Map/*<String,Object[2]>*/ languages ) {
        Object[] lp = (Object[]) languages.get ( lt );
        if ( lp != null ) {
            assert lp.length == 2;
            if ( lp[0] != null ) {                      // required feature id
                constructLookupsFeature ( lookups, st, lt, (String) lp[0] );
            }
            if ( lp[1] != null ) {                      // non-required features ids
                constructLookupsFeatures ( lookups, st, lt, (List) lp[1] );
            }
        }
    }

    private void constructLookupsLanguages ( Map lookups, String st, List/*<String>*/ ll, Map/*<String,Object[2]>*/ languages ) {
        for ( Iterator lit = ll.iterator(); lit.hasNext();) {
            String lt = (String) lit.next();
            constructLookupsLanguage ( lookups, st, lt, languages );
        }
    }

    private Map constructLookups() {
        Map/*<GlyphTable.LookupSpec,List<String>>*/ lookups = new java.util.LinkedHashMap();
        for ( Iterator sit = seScripts.keySet().iterator(); sit.hasNext();) {
            String st = (String) sit.next();
            Object[] sp = (Object[]) seScripts.get ( st );
            if ( sp != null ) {
                assert sp.length == 3;
                Map/*<String,Object[2]>*/ languages = (Map) sp[2];
                if ( sp[0] != null ) {                  // default language
                    constructLookupsLanguage ( lookups, st, (String) sp[0], languages );
                }
                if ( sp[1] != null ) {                  // non-default languages
                    constructLookupsLanguages ( lookups, st, (List) sp[1], languages );
                }
            }
        }
        return lookups;
    }

    private List constructGDEFSubtables() {
        List/*<GlyphDefinitionSubtable>*/ subtables = new java.util.ArrayList();
        if ( seSubtables != null ) {
            for ( Iterator it = seSubtables.iterator(); it.hasNext();) {
                Object[] stp = (Object[]) it.next();
                GlyphSubtable st;
                if ( ( st = constructGDEFSubtable ( stp ) ) != null ) {
                    subtables.add ( st );
                }
            }
        }
        return subtables;
    }

    private GlyphSubtable constructGDEFSubtable ( Object[] stp ) {
        GlyphSubtable st = null;
        assert ( stp != null ) && ( stp.length == 8 );
        Integer tt = (Integer) stp[0];          // table type
        Integer lt = (Integer) stp[1];          // lookup type
        Integer ln = (Integer) stp[2];          // lookup sequence number
        Integer lf = (Integer) stp[3];          // lookup flags
        Integer sn = (Integer) stp[4];          // subtable sequence number
        Integer sf = (Integer) stp[5];          // subtable format
        GlyphMappingTable mapping = (GlyphMappingTable) stp[6];
        List entries = (List) stp[7];
        if ( tt.intValue() == GlyphTable.GLYPH_TABLE_TYPE_DEFINITION ) {
            int type = GDEFLookupType.getSubtableType ( lt.intValue() );
            String lid = "lu" + ln.intValue();
            int sequence = sn.intValue();
            int flags = lf.intValue();
            int format = sf.intValue();
            st = GlyphDefinitionTable.createSubtable ( type, lid, sequence, flags, format, mapping, entries );
        }
        return st;
    }

    private List constructGSUBSubtables() {
        List/*<GlyphSubtable>*/ subtables = new java.util.ArrayList();
        if ( seSubtables != null ) {
            for ( Iterator it = seSubtables.iterator(); it.hasNext();) {
                Object[] stp = (Object[]) it.next();
                GlyphSubtable st;
                if ( ( st = constructGSUBSubtable ( stp ) ) != null ) {
                    subtables.add ( st );
                }
            }
        }
        return subtables;
    }

    private GlyphSubtable constructGSUBSubtable ( Object[] stp ) {
        GlyphSubtable st = null;
        assert ( stp != null ) && ( stp.length == 8 );
        Integer tt = (Integer) stp[0];          // table type
        Integer lt = (Integer) stp[1];          // lookup type
        Integer ln = (Integer) stp[2];          // lookup sequence number
        Integer lf = (Integer) stp[3];          // lookup flags
        Integer sn = (Integer) stp[4];          // subtable sequence number
        Integer sf = (Integer) stp[5];          // subtable format
        GlyphCoverageTable coverage = (GlyphCoverageTable) stp[6];
        List entries = (List) stp[7];
        if ( tt.intValue() == GlyphTable.GLYPH_TABLE_TYPE_SUBSTITUTION ) {
            int type = GSUBLookupType.getSubtableType ( lt.intValue() );
            String lid = "lu" + ln.intValue();
            int sequence = sn.intValue();
            int flags = lf.intValue();
            int format = sf.intValue();
            st = GlyphSubstitutionTable.createSubtable ( type, lid, sequence, flags, format, coverage, entries );
        }
        return st;
    }

    private List constructGPOSSubtables() {
        List/*<GlyphSubtable>*/ subtables = new java.util.ArrayList();
        if ( seSubtables != null ) {
            for ( Iterator it = seSubtables.iterator(); it.hasNext();) {
                Object[] stp = (Object[]) it.next();
                GlyphSubtable st;
                if ( ( st = constructGPOSSubtable ( stp ) ) != null ) {
                    subtables.add ( st );
                }
            }
        }
        return subtables;
    }

    private GlyphSubtable constructGPOSSubtable ( Object[] stp ) {
        GlyphSubtable st = null;
        assert ( stp != null ) && ( stp.length == 8 );
        Integer tt = (Integer) stp[0];          // table type
        Integer lt = (Integer) stp[1];          // lookup type
        Integer ln = (Integer) stp[2];          // lookup sequence number
        Integer lf = (Integer) stp[3];          // lookup flags
        Integer sn = (Integer) stp[4];          // subtable sequence number
        Integer sf = (Integer) stp[5];          // subtable format
        GlyphCoverageTable coverage = (GlyphCoverageTable) stp[6];
        List entries = (List) stp[7];
        if ( tt.intValue() == GlyphTable.GLYPH_TABLE_TYPE_POSITIONING ) {
            int type = GSUBLookupType.getSubtableType ( lt.intValue() );
            String lid = "lu" + ln.intValue();
            int sequence = sn.intValue();
            int flags = lf.intValue();
            int format = sf.intValue();
            st = GlyphPositioningTable.createSubtable ( type, lid, sequence, flags, format, coverage, entries );
        }
        return st;
    }

    private void initATState() {
        seScripts = new java.util.LinkedHashMap();
        seLanguages = new java.util.LinkedHashMap();
        seFeatures = new java.util.LinkedHashMap();
        seSubtables = new java.util.ArrayList();
        resetATSubState();
    }

    private void resetATState() {
        seScripts = null;
        seLanguages = null;
        seFeatures = null;
        seSubtables = null;
        resetATSubState();
    }

    private void initATSubState() {
        seMapping = null;
        seEntries = new java.util.ArrayList();
    }

    private void extractSESubState ( int tableType, int lookupType, int lookupFlags, int lookupSequence, int subtableSequence, int subtableFormat ) {
        if ( seEntries != null ) {
            if ( ( tableType == GlyphTable.GLYPH_TABLE_TYPE_DEFINITION ) || ( seEntries.size() > 0 ) ) {
                if ( seSubtables != null ) {
                    Integer tt = Integer.valueOf ( tableType );
                    Integer lt = Integer.valueOf ( lookupType );
                    Integer ln = Integer.valueOf ( lookupSequence );
                    Integer lf = Integer.valueOf ( lookupFlags );
                    Integer sn = Integer.valueOf ( subtableSequence );
                    Integer sf = Integer.valueOf ( subtableFormat );
                    seSubtables.add ( new Object[] { tt, lt, ln, lf, sn, sf, seMapping, seEntries } );
                }
            }
        }
    }

    private void resetATSubState() {
        seMapping = null;
        seEntries = null;
    }

    private void resetATStateAll() {
        resetATState();
        gdef = null;
        gsub = null;
        gpos = null;
    }

    /** helper method for formatting an integer array for output */
    private String toString ( int[] ia ) {
        StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
        if ( ( ia == null ) || ( ia.length == 0 ) ) {
            sb.append ( '-' );
        } else {
            boolean first = true;
            for ( int i = 0; i < ia.length; i++ ) {
                if ( ! first ) {
                    sb.append ( ' ' );
                } else {
                    first = false;
                }
                sb.append ( ia[i] );
            }
        }
        return sb.toString();
    }

}