Backport #27000 by @wxiaoguang

This PR reduces the complexity of the system setting system.

It only needs one line to introduce a new option, and the option can be
used anywhere out-of-box.

It is still high-performant (and more performant) because the config
values are cached in the config system.


![image](https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/assets/2114189/f8cdd743-1145-41ab-9f8f-3996aa97d440)

Co-authored-by: wxiaoguang <wxiaoguang@gmail.com>

Unfortunately, when a system setting hasn't been stored in the database,
it cannot be cached.
Meanwhile, this PR also uses context cache for push email avatar display
which should avoid to read user table via email address again and again.

According to my local test, this should reduce dashboard elapsed time
from 150ms -> 80ms .

Partially fix #23050

After #22294 merged, it always has a warning log like `cannot get
context cache` when starting up. This should not affect any real life
but it's annoying. This PR will fix the problem. That means when
starting up, getting the system settings will not try from the cache but
will read from the database directly.

---------

Co-authored-by: Lauris BH <lauris@nix.lv>

To avoid duplicated load of the same data in an HTTP request, we can set
a context cache to do that. i.e. Some pages may load a user from a
database with the same id in different areas on the same page. But the
code is hidden in two different deep logic. How should we share the
user? As a result of this PR, now if both entry functions accept
`context.Context` as the first parameter and we just need to refactor
`GetUserByID` to reuse the user from the context cache. Then it will not
be loaded twice on an HTTP request.

But of course, sometimes we would like to reload an object from the
database, that's why `RemoveContextData` is also exposed.

The core context cache is here. It defines a new context
```go
type cacheContext struct {
	ctx  context.Context
	data map[any]map[any]any
        lock sync.RWMutex
}

var cacheContextKey = struct{}{}

func WithCacheContext(ctx context.Context) context.Context {
	return context.WithValue(ctx, cacheContextKey, &cacheContext{
		ctx:  ctx,
		data: make(map[any]map[any]any),
	})
}
```

Then you can use the below 4 methods to read/write/del the data within
the same context.

```go
func GetContextData(ctx context.Context, tp, key any) any
func SetContextData(ctx context.Context, tp, key, value any)
func RemoveContextData(ctx context.Context, tp, key any)
func GetWithContextCache[T any](ctx context.Context, cacheGroupKey string, cacheTargetID any, f func() (T, error)) (T, error)
```

Then let's take a look at how `system.GetString` implement it.

```go
func GetSetting(ctx context.Context, key string) (string, error) {
	return cache.GetWithContextCache(ctx, contextCacheKey, key, func() (string, error) {
		return cache.GetString(genSettingCacheKey(key), func() (string, error) {
			res, err := GetSettingNoCache(ctx, key)
			if err != nil {
				return "", err
			}
			return res.SettingValue, nil
		})
	})
}
```

First, it will check if context data include the setting object with the
key. If not, it will query from the global cache which may be memory or
a Redis cache. If not, it will get the object from the database. In the
end, if the object gets from the global cache or database, it will be
set into the context cache.

An object stored in the context cache will only be destroyed after the
context disappeared.

As discussed in #22847 the helpers in helpers.less need to have a
separate prefix as they are causing conflicts with fomantic styles

This will allow us to have the `.gt-hidden { display:none !important; }`
style that is needed to for the reverted PR.

Of note in doing this I have noticed that there was already a conflict
with at least one chroma style which this PR now avoids.

I've also added in the `gt-hidden` style that matches the tailwind one
and switched the code that needed it to use that.

Signed-off-by: Andrew Thornton <art27@cantab.net>

---------

Signed-off-by: Andrew Thornton <art27@cantab.net>
Co-authored-by: wxiaoguang <wxiaoguang@gmail.com>

Fix #22281

In #21621 , `Get[V]` and `Set[V]` has been introduced, so that cache
value will be `*Setting`. For memory cache it's OK. But for redis cache,
it can only store `string` for the current implementation. This PR
revert some of changes of that and just store or return a `string` for
system setting.

Change all license headers to comply with REUSE specification.

Fix #16132

Co-authored-by: flynnnnnnnnnn <flynnnnnnnnnn@github>
Co-authored-by: John Olheiser <john.olheiser@gmail.com>

Committer avatar rendered by `func AvatarByEmail` are not vertical align
as `func Avatar` does.

- Replace literals `ui avatar` and `ui avatar vm` with the constant
`DefaultAvatarClass`

Fix #19513

This PR introduce a new db method `InTransaction(context.Context)`,
and also builtin check on `db.TxContext` and `db.WithTx`.
There is also a new method `db.AutoTx` has been introduced but could be used by other PRs.

`WithTx` will always open a new transaction, if a transaction exist in context, return an error.
`AutoTx` will try to open a new transaction if no transaction exist in context.
That means it will always enter a transaction if there is no error.

Co-authored-by: delvh <dev.lh@web.de>
Co-authored-by: 6543 <6543@obermui.de>

This is a performance regression from #18058

Signed-off-by: Andrew Thornton <art27@cantab.net>
Co-authored-by: Andrew Thornton <art27@cantab.net>

* gofumpt -w -l .

* gofumpt -w -l -extra .

* Add linter

* manual fix

* change make fmt

* slight optimization

* Update comment

Co-authored-by: 6543 <6543@obermui.de>

Save a bit of bandwidth by only requesting 3-times the rendered avatar
size. Factor 4 is only really beneficial on a handful of mobile phones
and I don't think they are the primary device we design for.

Configurability contributed by zeripath.

Fixes: https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/pull/17422
Fixes: https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/issues/16287

Co-authored-by: wxiaoguang <wxiaoguang@gmail.com>

There are multiple places where Gitea does not properly escape URLs that it is building and there are multiple places where it builds urls when there is already a simpler function available to use this.
    
This is an extensive PR attempting to fix these issues.

1. The first commit in this PR looks through all href, src and links in the Gitea codebase and has attempted to catch all the places where there is potentially incomplete escaping.
2. Whilst doing this we will prefer to use functions that create URLs over recreating them by hand.
3. All uses of strings should be directly escaped - even if they are not currently expected to contain escaping characters. The main benefit to doing this will be that we can consider relaxing the constraints on user names and reponames in future. 
4. The next commit looks at escaping in the wiki and re-considers the urls that are used there. Using the improved escaping here wiki files containing '/'. (This implementation will currently still place all of the wiki files the root directory of the repo but this would not be difficult to change.)
5. The title generation in feeds is now properly escaped.
6. EscapePound is no longer needed - urls should be PathEscaped / QueryEscaped as necessary but then re-escaped with Escape when creating html with locales Signed-off-by: Andrew Thornton <art27@cantab.net>

Signed-off-by: Andrew Thornton <art27@cantab.net>

Why this refactor

The goal is to move most files from `models` package to `models.xxx` package. Many models depend on avatar model, so just move this first.

And the existing logic is not clear, there are too many function like `AvatarLink`, `RelAvatarLink`, `SizedRelAvatarLink`, `SizedAvatarLink`, `MakeFinalAvatarURL`, `HashedAvatarLink`, etc. This refactor make everything clear:

* user.AvatarLink()
* user.AvatarLinkWithSize(size)
* avatars.GenerateEmailAvatarFastLink(email, size)
* avatars.GenerateEmailAvatarFinalLink(email, size)

And many duplicated code are deleted in route handler, the handler and the model share the same avatar logic now.