Close #24167

The endpoint "set-default-branch" returns `success`, so just decode it
as `responseText`

# Why this PR comes

At first, I'd like to help users like #23636 (there are a lot)

The unclear "Internal Server Error" is quite anonying, scare users,
frustrate contributors, nobody knows what happens.

So, it's always good to provide meaningful messages to end users (of
course, do not leak sensitive information).

When I started working on the "response message to end users", I found
that the related code has a lot of technical debt. A lot of copy&paste
code, unclear fields and usages.

So I think it's good to make everything clear.

# Tech Backgrounds

Gitea has many sub-commands, some are used by admins, some are used by
SSH servers or Git Hooks. Many sub-commands use "internal API" to
communicate with Gitea web server.

Before, Gitea server always use `StatusCode + Json "err" field` to
return messages.

* The CLI sub-commands: they expect to show all error related messages
to site admin
* The Serv/Hook sub-commands (for git clients): they could only show
safe messages to end users, the error log could only be recorded by
"SSHLog" to Gitea web server.

In the old design, it assumes that:

* If the StatusCode is 500 (in some functions), then the "err" field is
error log, shouldn't be exposed to git client.
* If the StatusCode is 40x, then the "err" field could be exposed. And
some functions always read the "err" no matter what the StatusCode is.

The old code is not strict, and it's difficult to distinguish the
messages clearly and then output them correctly.

# This PR

To help to remove duplicate code and make everything clear, this PR
introduces `ResponseExtra` and `requestJSONResp`.

* `ResponseExtra` is a struct which contains "extra" information of a
internal API response, including StatusCode, UserMsg, Error
* `requestJSONResp` is a generic function which can be used for all
cases to help to simplify the calls.
* Remove all `map["err"]`, always use `private.Response{Err}` to
construct error messages.
* User messages and error messages are separated clearly, the `fail` and
`handleCliResponseExtra` will output correct messages.
* Replace all `Internal Server Error` messages with meaningful (still
safe) messages.

This PR saves more than 300 lines, while makes the git client messages
more clear.

Many gitea-serv/git-hook related essential functions are covered by
tests.

---------

Co-authored-by: delvh <dev.lh@web.de>

Close #13539.

Co-authored by: @lunny @appleboy @fuxiaohei and others.

Related projects:
- https://gitea.com/gitea/actions-proto-def
- https://gitea.com/gitea/actions-proto-go
- https://gitea.com/gitea/act
- https://gitea.com/gitea/act_runner

### Summary

The target of this PR is to bring a basic implementation of "Actions",
an internal CI/CD system of Gitea. That means even though it has been
merged, the state of the feature is **EXPERIMENTAL**, and please note
that:

- It is disabled by default;
- It shouldn't be used in a production environment currently;
- It shouldn't be used in a public Gitea instance currently;
- Breaking changes may be made before it's stable.

**Please comment on #13539 if you have any different product design
ideas**, all decisions reached there will be adopted here. But in this
PR, we don't talk about **naming, feature-creep or alternatives**.

### ⚠️ Breaking

`gitea-actions` will become a reserved user name. If a user with the
name already exists in the database, it is recommended to rename it.

### Some important reviews

- What is `DEFAULT_ACTIONS_URL` in `app.ini` for?
  - https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/pull/21937#discussion_r1055954954
- Why the api for runners is not under the normal `/api/v1` prefix?
  - https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/pull/21937#discussion_r1061173592
- Why DBFS?
  - https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/pull/21937#discussion_r1061301178
- Why ignore events triggered by `gitea-actions` bot?
  - https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/pull/21937#discussion_r1063254103
- Why there's no permission control for actions?
  - https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/pull/21937#discussion_r1090229868

### What it looks like

<details>

#### Manage runners

<img width="1792" alt="image"
src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/9418365/205870657-c72f590e-2e08-4cd4-be7f-2e0abb299bbf.png">

#### List runs

<img width="1792" alt="image"
src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/9418365/205872794-50fde990-2b45-48c1-a178-908e4ec5b627.png">


#### View logs

<img width="1792" alt="image"
src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/9418365/205872501-9b7b9000-9542-4991-8f55-18ccdada77c3.png">



</details>

### How to try it

<details>

#### 1. Start Gitea

Clone this branch and [install from
source](https://docs.gitea.io/en-us/install-from-source).

Add additional configurations in `app.ini` to enable Actions:

```ini
[actions]
ENABLED = true
```

Start it.

If all is well, you'll see the management page of runners:

<img width="1792" alt="image"
src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/9418365/205877365-8e30a780-9b10-4154-b3e8-ee6c3cb35a59.png">


#### 2. Start runner

Clone the [act_runner](https://gitea.com/gitea/act_runner), and follow
the
[README](https://gitea.com/gitea/act_runner/src/branch/main/README.md)
to start it.

If all is well, you'll see a new runner has been added:

<img width="1792" alt="image"
src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/9418365/205878000-216f5937-e696-470d-b66c-8473987d91c3.png">

#### 3. Enable actions for a repo

Create a new repo or open an existing one, check the `Actions` checkbox
in settings and submit.

<img width="1792" alt="image"
src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/9418365/205879705-53e09208-73c0-4b3e-a123-2dcf9aba4b9c.png">
<img width="1792" alt="image"
src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/9418365/205879383-23f3d08f-1a85-41dd-a8b3-54e2ee6453e8.png">

If all is well, you'll see a new tab "Actions":

<img width="1792" alt="image"
src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/9418365/205881648-a8072d8c-5803-4d76-b8a8-9b2fb49516c1.png">

#### 4. Upload workflow files

Upload some workflow files to `.gitea/workflows/xxx.yaml`, you can
follow the [quickstart](https://docs.github.com/en/actions/quickstart)
of GitHub Actions. Yes, Gitea Actions is compatible with GitHub Actions
in most cases, you can use the same demo:

```yaml
name: GitHub Actions Demo
run-name: ${{ github.actor }} is testing out GitHub Actions 🚀
on: [push]
jobs:
  Explore-GitHub-Actions:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - run: echo "🎉 The job was automatically triggered by a ${{ github.event_name }} event."
      - run: echo "🐧 This job is now running on a ${{ runner.os }} server hosted by GitHub!"
      - run: echo "🔎 The name of your branch is ${{ github.ref }} and your repository is ${{ github.repository }}."
      - name: Check out repository code
        uses: actions/checkout@v3
      - run: echo "💡 The ${{ github.repository }} repository has been cloned to the runner."
      - run: echo "🖥️ The workflow is now ready to test your code on the runner."
      - name: List files in the repository
        run: |
          ls ${{ github.workspace }}
      - run: echo "🍏 This job's status is ${{ job.status }}."
```

If all is well, you'll see a new run in `Actions` tab:

<img width="1792" alt="image"
src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/9418365/205884473-79a874bc-171b-4aaf-acd5-0241a45c3b53.png">

#### 5. Check the logs of jobs

Click a run and you'll see the logs:

<img width="1792" alt="image"
src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/9418365/205884800-994b0374-67f7-48ff-be9a-4c53f3141547.png">

#### 6. Go on

You can try more examples in [the
documents](https://docs.github.com/en/actions/using-workflows/workflow-syntax-for-github-actions)
of GitHub Actions, then you might find a lot of bugs.

Come on, PRs are welcome.

</details>

See also: [Feature Preview: Gitea
Actions](https://blog.gitea.io/2022/12/feature-preview-gitea-actions/)

---------

Co-authored-by: a101211279 <1012112796@qq.com>
Co-authored-by: Lunny Xiao <xiaolunwen@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: delvh <dev.lh@web.de>
Co-authored-by: ChristopherHX <christopher.homberger@web.de>
Co-authored-by: John Olheiser <john.olheiser@gmail.com>

Change all license headers to comply with REUSE specification.

Fix #16132

Co-authored-by: flynnnnnnnnnn <flynnnnnnnnnn@github>
Co-authored-by: John Olheiser <john.olheiser@gmail.com>

Found using
`find . -type f -name '*.go' -print -exec vim {} -c
':%s/fmt\.Errorf(\(.*\)%v\(.*\)err/fmt.Errorf(\1%w\2err/g' -c ':wq' \;`

Co-authored-by: 6543 <6543@obermui.de>
Co-authored-by: Andrew Thornton <art27@cantab.net>
Co-authored-by: wxiaoguang <wxiaoguang@gmail.com>

Use DeployKeyID to replace the IsDeployKey, then CanWriteCode uses the DeployKeyID to check the write permission.

* feature: add agit flow support

ref: https://git-repo.info/en/2020/03/agit-flow-and-git-repo/

example:

```Bash
git checkout -b test
echo "test" >> README.md
git commit -m "test"
git push origin HEAD:refs/for/master -o topic=test
```

Signed-off-by: a101211279 <1012112796@qq.com>

* fix lint

* simplify code add fix some nits

* update merge help message

* Apply suggestions from code review. Thanks @jiangxin

* add forced-update message

* fix lint

* splite writePktLine

* add refs/for/<target-branch>/<topic-branch> support also

* Add test code add fix api

* fix lint

* fix test

* skip test if git version < 2.29

* try test with git 2.30.1

* fix permission check bug

* fix some nit

* logic implify and test code update

* fix bug

* apply suggestions from code review

* prepare for merge

Signed-off-by: Andrew Thornton <art27@cantab.net>

* fix permission check bug

- test code update
- apply suggestions from code review @zeripath

Signed-off-by: a101211279 <1012112796@qq.com>

* fix bug when target branch isn't exist

* prevent some special push and fix some nits

* fix lint

* try splite

* Apply suggestions from code review

- fix permission check
- handle user rename

* fix version negotiation

* remane

* fix template

* handle empty repo

* ui: fix  branch link under the title

* fix nits

Co-authored-by: Andrew Thornton <art27@cantab.net>
Co-authored-by: 6543 <6543@obermui.de>
Co-authored-by: Lunny Xiao <xiaolunwen@gmail.com>

* Add an abstract json layout to make it's easier to change json library

* Fix import

* Fix import sequence

* Fix blank lines

* Fix blank lines

* Second attempt at preventing zombies

* Ensure that the pipes are closed in ssh.go
* Ensure that a cancellable context is passed up in cmd/* http requests
* Make cmd.fail return properly so defers are obeyed
* Ensure that something is sent to stdout in case of blocks here

Signed-off-by: Andrew Thornton <art27@cantab.net>

* placate lint

Signed-off-by: Andrew Thornton <art27@cantab.net>

* placate lint 2

Signed-off-by: Andrew Thornton <art27@cantab.net>

* placate lint 3

Signed-off-by: Andrew Thornton <art27@cantab.net>

* fixup

Signed-off-by: Andrew Thornton <art27@cantab.net>

* Apply suggestions from code review

Co-authored-by: 6543 <6543@obermui.de>
Co-authored-by: Lauris BH <lauris@nix.lv>

* Use correct variable name.

* doer is never nil here.

* Use status code constants.

* Replaced generic map with concrete struct.

* Fixed windows lint.

* Removed unused method.

* Changed error codes.

Co-authored-by: techknowlogick <techknowlogick@gitea.io>

* add a new internal hook to save ssh log

as title, when a ssh error ocure like #15785.
only when switch ``RUN_MODE`` to dev can we
found which error is ocure. But this way is
not a good idea for production envirment.

this changes try save ssh error mesage to the
log file like other log by a new internal hook.
I think it's usefull for find error message
in production envirment. Thanks.

Signed-off-by: a101211279 <1012112796@qq.com>

* rename and fix nit

* Update modules/private/hook.go

Co-authored-by: silverwind <me@silverwind.io>

Co-authored-by: techknowlogick <matti@mdranta.net>
Co-authored-by: silverwind <me@silverwind.io>
Co-authored-by: techknowlogick <techknowlogick@gitea.io>

* Migrate to use jsoniter

* fix tests

* update gitea.com/go-chi/binding

Signed-off-by: Andrew Thornton <art27@cantab.net>
Co-authored-by: 6543 <6543@obermui.de>

* Initial support for push options

Signed-off-by: jolheiser <john.olheiser@gmail.com>

* Fix misspelling 🤦

Signed-off-by: jolheiser <john.olheiser@gmail.com>

* Fix formatting after conflict resolution

* defer close git repo

* According the GitLab documentation, git >= 2.10

Signed-off-by: jolheiser <john.olheiser@gmail.com>

* Words are hard. Thanks @mrsdizzie :sweat_smile:

Co-authored-by: mrsdizzie <info@mrsdizzie.com>

* Only update if there are push options

Signed-off-by: jolheiser <john.olheiser@gmail.com>

Co-authored-by: mrsdizzie <info@mrsdizzie.com>

* make notifyWatchers work on multiple actions

* more efficient multiple notifyWatchers

* Make CommitRepoAction take advantage of multiple actions

* Batch post and pre-receive results

* Set batch to 30

* Auto adjust timeout & add logging

* adjust processing message

* Add some messages to pre-receive

* Make any non-200 status code from pre-receive an error

* Add missing hookPrintResults

* Remove shortcut for single action

* mistaken merge fix

* oops

* Move master branch to the front

* If repo was empty and the master branch is pushed ensure that that is set as the default branch

* fixup

* fixup

* Missed HookOptions in setdefaultbranch

* Batch PushUpdateAddTag and PushUpdateDelTag

Co-authored-by: Lunny Xiao <xiaolunwen@gmail.com>

Add an option to protected branches to add writing deploy keys to the whitelist for pushing.

Please note this is technically a breaking change: previously if the owner of a repository was on the whitelist then any writing deploy key was effectively on the whitelist. This option will now need to be set if that is desired.

Closes #8472 

Details:
* Allow Protected Branches to Whitelist Deploy Keys
* Add migration
* Ensure that IsDeployKey is set to false on the http pushes
* add not null default false

* Fix #6946 by checking PullRequest ID on pushing

* Ensure we have the owner name, the pr attributes and the the issue

* Fix TestSearchRepo by waiting till indexing is done

* Update integrations/repo_search_test.go

* changes as per @mrsdizzie

* missing comma

* Spelling mistake

* Fix full pushing environment

* Move hook functionality internally

* Internalise serv logic

* Remove old internal paths

* finally remove the gitlogger

* Disallow push on archived repositories

* fix lint error

* Update modules/private/key.go

* Update routers/private/hook.go

* Update routers/private/hook.go

* Update routers/private/hook.go

* Updated routers/private/serv.go

* Fix LFS Locks over SSH

* rev-list needs to be run by the hook process

* fixup

* Improve git test

* Ensure that the lfs files are created with a different prefix

* Reduce the replication in git_test.go

* slight refactor

* Remove unnecessary "/"

* Restore ensureAnonymousClone

* Restore ensureAnonymousClone

* Run rev-list on server side

* Try passing in the alternative directories instead

* Mark test as skipped

* Improve git test

* Ensure that the lfs files are created with a different prefix
* Reduce the replication in git_test.go
* Remove unnecessary "/"