Initial support for #25680

This PR only adds some simple styles from GitHub, it is big enough and
it focuses on adding the necessary framework-level supports. More styles
could be fine-tuned later.

It doesn't change logic, it only does:

1. Rename the variable and function names
2. Use more consistent format when mentioning config section&key
3. Improve some messages

Replace #29171

It is convenient to skip by setting environment, since it's OK
to use root user in job containers.

It's not a bug, but I want to backport it to v1.21 since it doesn't
break anything.

---------

Co-authored-by: Giteabot <teabot@gitea.io>
Co-authored-by: wxiaoguang <wxiaoguang@gmail.com>

Replace #26380

The parameter extraConfigs has never been used anywhere. This PR just
removed it. It can be taken back once it's needed.

Replace #25580

Fix #19453

The problem was: when users set "GITEA__XXX__YYY" , the "install page"
doesn't respect it.

So, to make the result consistent and avoid surprising end users, now
the "install page" also writes the environment variables to the config
file.

And, to make things clear, there are enough messages on the UI to tell
users what will happen.

There are some necessary/related changes to `environment-to-ini.go`:

* The "--clear" flag is removed and it was incorrectly written there.
The "clear" operation should be done if INSTALL_LOCK=true
* The "--prefix" flag is removed because it's never used, never
documented and it only causes inconsistent behavior.


![image](https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/assets/2114189/12778ee4-3fb5-4664-a73a-41ebbd77cd5b)

# The problem

There were many "path tricks":

* By default, Gitea uses its program directory as its work path
* Gitea tries to use the "work path" to guess its "custom path" and
"custom conf (app.ini)"
* Users might want to use other directories as work path
* The non-default work path should be passed to Gitea by GITEA_WORK_DIR
or "--work-path"
* But some Gitea processes are started without these values
    * The "serv" process started by OpenSSH server
    * The CLI sub-commands started by site admin
* The paths are guessed by SetCustomPathAndConf again and again
* The default values of "work path / custom path / custom conf" can be
changed when compiling

# The solution

* Use `InitWorkPathAndCommonConfig` to handle these path tricks, and use
test code to cover its behaviors.
* When Gitea's web server runs, write the WORK_PATH to "app.ini", this
value must be the most correct one, because if this value is not right,
users would find that the web UI doesn't work and then they should be
able to fix it.
* Then all other sub-commands can use the WORK_PATH in app.ini to
initialize their paths.
* By the way, when Gitea starts for git protocol, it shouldn't output
any log, otherwise the git protocol gets broken and client blocks
forever.

The "work path" priority is: WORK_PATH in app.ini > cmd arg --work-path
> env var GITEA_WORK_DIR > builtin default

The "app.ini" searching order is: cmd arg --config > cmd arg "work path
/ custom path" > env var "work path / custom path" > builtin default


## ⚠️ BREAKING

If your instance's "work path / custom path / custom conf" doesn't meet
the requirements (eg: work path must be absolute), Gitea will report a
fatal error and exit. You need to set these values according to the
error log.



----

Close #24818
Close #24222
Close #21606
Close #21498
Close #25107
Close #24981
Maybe close #24503

Replace #23301
Replace #22754

And maybe more

That's a longstanding INI package problem: the "MustXxx" calls change
the option values, and the following "Save" will save a lot of garbage
options into the user's config file.

Ideally we should refactor the INI package to a clear solution, but it's
a huge work.

A clear workaround is what this PR does: when "Save", load a clear INI
instance and save it.

Partially fix #25377, the "install" page needs more fine tunes.

Caught by #25330

Co-authored-by: Giteabot <teabot@gitea.io>

Follow up #22405

Fix #20703 

This PR rewrites storage configuration read sequences with some breaks
and tests. It becomes more strict than before and also fixed some
inherit problems.

- Move storage's MinioConfig struct into setting, so after the
configuration loading, the values will be stored into the struct but not
still on some section.
- All storages configurations should be stored on one section,
configuration items cannot be overrided by multiple sections. The
prioioty of configuration is `[attachment]` > `[storage.attachments]` |
`[storage.customized]` > `[storage]` > `default`
- For extra override configuration items, currently are `SERVE_DIRECT`,
`MINIO_BASE_PATH`, `MINIO_BUCKET`, which could be configured in another
section. The prioioty of the override configuration is `[attachment]` >
`[storage.attachments]` > `default`.
- Add more tests for storages configurations.
- Update the storage documentations.

---------

Co-authored-by: wxiaoguang <wxiaoguang@gmail.com>

The INI package has many bugs and quirks, and in fact it is
unmaintained.

This PR is the first step for the INI package refactoring: 

* Use Gitea's "config_provider" to provide INI access
* Deprecate the INI package by golangci.yml rule

1. non-dev mode is treated as prod mode, to protect users from
accidentally running in dev mode if there is a typo in this value.
2. in dev mode, do not need to really exit if there are template errors,
because the template errors could be fixed by developer soon and the
templates get reloaded, help:
* https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/issues/24845#issuecomment-1557615382
3. Fine tune the mail template loading message.

## ⚠️ Breaking

The `log.<mode>.<logger>` style config has been dropped. If you used it,
please check the new config manual & app.example.ini to make your
instance output logs as expected.

Although many legacy options still work, it's encouraged to upgrade to
the new options.

The SMTP logger is deleted because SMTP is not suitable to collect logs.

If you have manually configured Gitea log options, please confirm the
logger system works as expected after upgrading.

## Description

Close #12082 and maybe more log-related issues, resolve some related
FIXMEs in old code (which seems unfixable before)

Just like rewriting queue #24505 : make code maintainable, clear legacy
bugs, and add the ability to support more writers (eg: JSON, structured
log)

There is a new document (with examples): `logging-config.en-us.md`

This PR is safer than the queue rewriting, because it's just for
logging, it won't break other logic.

## The old problems

The logging system is quite old and difficult to maintain:
* Unclear concepts: Logger, NamedLogger, MultiChannelledLogger,
SubLogger, EventLogger, WriterLogger etc
* Some code is diffuclt to konw whether it is right:
`log.DelNamedLogger("console")` vs `log.DelNamedLogger(log.DEFAULT)` vs
`log.DelLogger("console")`
* The old system heavily depends on ini config system, it's difficult to
create new logger for different purpose, and it's very fragile.
* The "color" trick is difficult to use and read, many colors are
unnecessary, and in the future structured log could help
* It's difficult to add other log formats, eg: JSON format
* The log outputer doesn't have full control of its goroutine, it's
difficult to make outputer have advanced behaviors
* The logs could be lost in some cases: eg: no Fatal error when using
CLI.
* Config options are passed by JSON, which is quite fragile.
* INI package makes the KEY in `[log]` section visible in `[log.sub1]`
and `[log.sub1.subA]`, this behavior is quite fragile and would cause
more unclear problems, and there is no strong requirement to support
`log.<mode>.<logger>` syntax.


## The new design

See `logger.go` for documents.


## Screenshot

<details>


![image](https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/assets/2114189/4462d713-ba39-41f5-bb08-de912e67e1ff)


![image](https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/assets/2114189/b188035e-f691-428b-8b2d-ff7b2199b2f9)


![image](https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/assets/2114189/132e9745-1c3b-4e00-9e0d-15eaea495dee)

</details>

## TODO

* [x] add some new tests
* [x] fix some tests
* [x] test some sub-commands (manually ....)

---------

Co-authored-by: Jason Song <i@wolfogre.com>
Co-authored-by: delvh <dev.lh@web.de>
Co-authored-by: Giteabot <teabot@gitea.io>

This PR will merge 3 Init functions on setting packages as 1 and
introduce an options struct.

The IsRunUserMatchCurrentUser logic is fragile, the "SSH" config is not
ready when it executes.

This PR introduces more abstract about `ConfigProvider` and hides more `ini` references.

---------

Co-authored-by: delvh <dev.lh@web.de>

![image](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/2114189/232561612-2bfcfd0a-fc04-47ba-965f-5d0bcea46c54.png)

Creating pid file should not belong to setting package and only web
command needs that. So this PR moves pidfile creation from setting
package to web command package to keep setting package more readable.

I marked this as `break` because the PIDFile path moved. For those who
have used the pid build argument, it has to be changed.

---------

Co-authored-by: KN4CK3R <admin@oldschoolhack.me>

During the recent hash algorithm change it became clear that the choice
of password hash algorithm plays a role in the time taken for CI to run.

Therefore as attempt to improve CI we should consider using a dummy
hashing algorithm instead of a real hashing algorithm.

This PR creates a dummy algorithm which is then set as the default
hashing algorithm during tests that use the fixtures. This hopefully
will cause a reduction in the time it takes for CI to run.

---------

Signed-off-by: Andrew Thornton <art27@cantab.net>
Co-authored-by: Lunny Xiao <xiaolunwen@gmail.com>

Some bugs caused by less unit tests in fundamental packages. This PR
refactor `setting` package so that create a unit test will be easier
than before.

- All `LoadFromXXX` files has been splited as two functions, one is
`InitProviderFromXXX` and `LoadCommonSettings`. The first functions will
only include the code to create or new a ini file. The second function
will load common settings.
- It also renames all functions in setting from `newXXXService` to
`loadXXXSetting` or `loadXXXFrom` to make the function name less
confusing.
- Move `XORMLog` to `SQLLog` because it's a better name for that.

Maybe we should finally move these `loadXXXSetting` into the `XXXInit`
function? Any idea?

---------

Co-authored-by: 6543 <6543@obermui.de>
Co-authored-by: delvh <dev.lh@web.de>

This PR refactors and improves the password hashing code within gitea
and makes it possible for server administrators to set the password
hashing parameters

In addition it takes the opportunity to adjust the settings for `pbkdf2`
in order to make the hashing a little stronger.

The majority of this work was inspired by PR #14751 and I would like to
thank @boppy for their work on this.

Thanks to @gusted for the suggestion to adjust the `pbkdf2` hashing
parameters.

Close #14751

---------

Signed-off-by: Andrew Thornton <art27@cantab.net>
Co-authored-by: delvh <dev.lh@web.de>
Co-authored-by: John Olheiser <john.olheiser@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Lunny Xiao <xiaolunwen@gmail.com>

Added a new captcha(cloudflare turnstile) and its corresponding
document. Cloudflare turnstile official instructions are here:
https://developers.cloudflare.com/turnstile

Signed-off-by: ByLCY <bylcy@bylcy.dev>
Co-authored-by: Lunny Xiao <xiaolunwen@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Jason Song <i@wolfogre.com>

Every user can already disable the filter manually, so the explicit
setting is absolutely useless and only complicates the logic.

Previously, there was also unexpected behavior when multiple query
parameters were present.

---------

Co-authored-by: zeripath <art27@cantab.net>
Co-authored-by: Lunny Xiao <xiaolunwen@gmail.com>

This was meant to land in #22073 but was blocked until #22732 was merged

Signed-off-by: Yarden Shoham <hrsi88@gmail.com>

Close #13539.

Co-authored by: @lunny @appleboy @fuxiaohei and others.

Related projects:
- https://gitea.com/gitea/actions-proto-def
- https://gitea.com/gitea/actions-proto-go
- https://gitea.com/gitea/act
- https://gitea.com/gitea/act_runner

### Summary

The target of this PR is to bring a basic implementation of "Actions",
an internal CI/CD system of Gitea. That means even though it has been
merged, the state of the feature is **EXPERIMENTAL**, and please note
that:

- It is disabled by default;
- It shouldn't be used in a production environment currently;
- It shouldn't be used in a public Gitea instance currently;
- Breaking changes may be made before it's stable.

**Please comment on #13539 if you have any different product design
ideas**, all decisions reached there will be adopted here. But in this
PR, we don't talk about **naming, feature-creep or alternatives**.

### ⚠️ Breaking

`gitea-actions` will become a reserved user name. If a user with the
name already exists in the database, it is recommended to rename it.

### Some important reviews

- What is `DEFAULT_ACTIONS_URL` in `app.ini` for?
  - https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/pull/21937#discussion_r1055954954
- Why the api for runners is not under the normal `/api/v1` prefix?
  - https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/pull/21937#discussion_r1061173592
- Why DBFS?
  - https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/pull/21937#discussion_r1061301178
- Why ignore events triggered by `gitea-actions` bot?
  - https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/pull/21937#discussion_r1063254103
- Why there's no permission control for actions?
  - https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/pull/21937#discussion_r1090229868

### What it looks like

<details>

#### Manage runners

<img width="1792" alt="image"
src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/9418365/205870657-c72f590e-2e08-4cd4-be7f-2e0abb299bbf.png">

#### List runs

<img width="1792" alt="image"
src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/9418365/205872794-50fde990-2b45-48c1-a178-908e4ec5b627.png">


#### View logs

<img width="1792" alt="image"
src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/9418365/205872501-9b7b9000-9542-4991-8f55-18ccdada77c3.png">



</details>

### How to try it

<details>

#### 1. Start Gitea

Clone this branch and [install from
source](https://docs.gitea.io/en-us/install-from-source).

Add additional configurations in `app.ini` to enable Actions:

```ini
[actions]
ENABLED = true
```

Start it.

If all is well, you'll see the management page of runners:

<img width="1792" alt="image"
src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/9418365/205877365-8e30a780-9b10-4154-b3e8-ee6c3cb35a59.png">


#### 2. Start runner

Clone the [act_runner](https://gitea.com/gitea/act_runner), and follow
the
[README](https://gitea.com/gitea/act_runner/src/branch/main/README.md)
to start it.

If all is well, you'll see a new runner has been added:

<img width="1792" alt="image"
src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/9418365/205878000-216f5937-e696-470d-b66c-8473987d91c3.png">

#### 3. Enable actions for a repo

Create a new repo or open an existing one, check the `Actions` checkbox
in settings and submit.

<img width="1792" alt="image"
src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/9418365/205879705-53e09208-73c0-4b3e-a123-2dcf9aba4b9c.png">
<img width="1792" alt="image"
src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/9418365/205879383-23f3d08f-1a85-41dd-a8b3-54e2ee6453e8.png">

If all is well, you'll see a new tab "Actions":

<img width="1792" alt="image"
src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/9418365/205881648-a8072d8c-5803-4d76-b8a8-9b2fb49516c1.png">

#### 4. Upload workflow files

Upload some workflow files to `.gitea/workflows/xxx.yaml`, you can
follow the [quickstart](https://docs.github.com/en/actions/quickstart)
of GitHub Actions. Yes, Gitea Actions is compatible with GitHub Actions
in most cases, you can use the same demo:

```yaml
name: GitHub Actions Demo
run-name: ${{ github.actor }} is testing out GitHub Actions 🚀
on: [push]
jobs:
  Explore-GitHub-Actions:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - run: echo "🎉 The job was automatically triggered by a ${{ github.event_name }} event."
      - run: echo "🐧 This job is now running on a ${{ runner.os }} server hosted by GitHub!"
      - run: echo "🔎 The name of your branch is ${{ github.ref }} and your repository is ${{ github.repository }}."
      - name: Check out repository code
        uses: actions/checkout@v3
      - run: echo "💡 The ${{ github.repository }} repository has been cloned to the runner."
      - run: echo "🖥️ The workflow is now ready to test your code on the runner."
      - name: List files in the repository
        run: |
          ls ${{ github.workspace }}
      - run: echo "🍏 This job's status is ${{ job.status }}."
```

If all is well, you'll see a new run in `Actions` tab:

<img width="1792" alt="image"
src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/9418365/205884473-79a874bc-171b-4aaf-acd5-0241a45c3b53.png">

#### 5. Check the logs of jobs

Click a run and you'll see the logs:

<img width="1792" alt="image"
src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/9418365/205884800-994b0374-67f7-48ff-be9a-4c53f3141547.png">

#### 6. Go on

You can try more examples in [the
documents](https://docs.github.com/en/actions/using-workflows/workflow-syntax-for-github-actions)
of GitHub Actions, then you might find a lot of bugs.

Come on, PRs are welcome.

</details>

See also: [Feature Preview: Gitea
Actions](https://blog.gitea.io/2022/12/feature-preview-gitea-actions/)

---------

Co-authored-by: a101211279 <1012112796@qq.com>
Co-authored-by: Lunny Xiao <xiaolunwen@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: delvh <dev.lh@web.de>
Co-authored-by: ChristopherHX <christopher.homberger@web.de>
Co-authored-by: John Olheiser <john.olheiser@gmail.com>

closes #13585
fixes #9067
fixes #2386
ref #6226
ref #6219
fixes #745

This PR adds support to process incoming emails to perform actions.
Currently I added handling of replies and unsubscribing from
issues/pulls. In contrast to #13585 the IMAP IDLE command is used
instead of polling which results (in my opinion 😉) in cleaner code.

Procedure:
- When sending an issue/pull reply email, a token is generated which is
present in the Reply-To and References header.
- IMAP IDLE waits until a new email arrives
- The token tells which action should be performed

A possible signature and/or reply gets stripped from the content.

I added a new service to the drone pipeline to test the receiving of
incoming mails. If we keep this in, we may test our outgoing emails too
in future.

Co-authored-by: silverwind <me@silverwind.io>
Co-authored-by: Lunny Xiao <xiaolunwen@gmail.com>

Fix #22274

This PR will allow `HOST` without port. Then a default port will be
given in future steps.

Since #20218 introduced internal watching template, template watching
should be removed from `air`. This will prevent restart the whole server
once the template files changed to speed up developing when using `make
watch`.

To ensure `make watch` will reuse template watching, this PR introduced
a new ENV `GITEA_RUN_MODE` to make sure `make watch` will always run in
a dev mode of Gitea so that template watching will open.

This PR also added more exclude testdata directories.

Gitea will attempt to lookup its location using LookPath however, this
fails on cmd.exe if gitea is in the current working directory.

exec.LookPath will return an exec.ErrDot error which we can test for and
then simply using filepath.Abs(os.Args[0]) to absolute gitea against the
current working directory.

Fix #22063

Signed-off-by: Andrew Thornton <art27@cantab.net>

Signed-off-by: Andrew Thornton <art27@cantab.net>
Co-authored-by: Lunny Xiao <xiaolunwen@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: techknowlogick <techknowlogick@gitea.io>

`golangci-lint`
[deprecated](https://github.com/golangci/golangci-lint/issues/1841) a
bunch of linters, removed them.

Fixes #21865.

Scheme-based normalization ([RFC 3986, section
6.2.3](https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc3986#section-6.2.3)) was
already implemented, but only for `defaultAppURL`.
This PR implements the same for `AppURL`.

Signed-off-by: Saswat Padhi <saswatpadhi@protonmail.com>
Co-authored-by: John Olheiser <john.olheiser@gmail.com>

Change all license headers to comply with REUSE specification.

Fix #16132

Co-authored-by: flynnnnnnnnnn <flynnnnnnnnnn@github>
Co-authored-by: John Olheiser <john.olheiser@gmail.com>

Unfortunately the fallback configuration code for [mailer] that were
added in #18982 are incorrect. When you read a value from an ini section
that key is added. This leads to a failure of the fallback mechanism.
Further there is also a spelling mistake in the startTLS configuration.

This PR restructures the mailer code to first map the deprecated
settings on to the new ones - and then use ini.MapTo to map those on to
the struct with additional validation as necessary.

Ref #21744

Signed-off-by: Andrew Thornton <art27@cantab.net>

This patch provide a mechanism to disable RSS/Atom feed.

Signed-off-by: Xinyu Zhou <i@sourcehut.net>
Co-authored-by: Lunny Xiao <xiaolunwen@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: 6543 <6543@obermui.de>

Attempt clarify the AppWorkPath in the documentation by using different
notation and adding a section to the start of the cheat sheet.

Fix #21523

Signed-off-by: Andrew Thornton <art27@cantab.net>

Signed-off-by: Andrew Thornton <art27@cantab.net>

Fix https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/issues/21666
Caused by https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/pull/19663

Before: when install, the INTERNAL_TOKEN was always generated and saved.
But the internal token may be already there by INTERNAL_TOKEN_URI

After: INTERNAL_TOKEN_URI file must be non-empty. When install, skip
internal token generation if the token exists.

This patch provide a mechanism to disable
[sitemap](https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/pull/18407).

Signed-off-by: Xinyu Zhou <i@sourcehut.net>
Co-authored-by: 6543 <6543@obermui.de>

Follow #19663

Some users do cluster deployment, they still depend on this
auto-generating behavior.

Co-authored-by: Lunny Xiao <xiaolunwen@gmail.com>

This PR adds a generic set type to get rid of maps used as sets.

Co-authored-by: wxiaoguang <wxiaoguang@gmail.com>

Only load SECRET_KEY and INTERNAL_TOKEN if they exist.
Never write the config file if the keys do not exist, which was only a fallback for Gitea upgraded from < 1.5

Co-authored-by: wxiaoguang <wxiaoguang@gmail.com>

This PR adds mathematical rendering with KaTeX.

The first step is to add a Goldmark extension that detects the latex
(and tex) mathematics delimiters.

The second step to make this extension only run if math support is
enabled.

The second step is to then add KaTeX CSS and JS to the head which will
load after the dom is rendered.

Fix #3445

Signed-off-by: Andrew Thornton <art27@cantab.net>

Signed-off-by: Andrew Thornton <art27@cantab.net>
Co-authored-by: silverwind <me@silverwind.io>
Co-authored-by: Lunny Xiao <xiaolunwen@gmail.com>

Adds a new option to only show relevant repo's on the explore page, for bigger Gitea instances like Codeberg this is a nice option to enable to make the explore page more populated with unique and "high" quality repo's. A note is shown that the results are filtered and have the possibility to see the unfiltered results.

Co-authored-by: vednoc <vednoc@protonmail.com>
Co-authored-by: delvh <dev.lh@web.de>
Co-authored-by: 6543 <6543@obermui.de>

This should solve the main problem of dynamic assets getting stale after
a version upgrade. Everything not affected will use query-string based
cache busting, which includes files loaded via HTML or worker scripts.

This PR adds functionality to allow Gitea to sit behind an
HAProxy and HAProxy protocolled connections directly.

Fix #7508

Signed-off-by: Andrew Thornton <art27@cantab.net>

This adds support for getting the user's full name from the reverse
proxy in addition to username and email.

Tested locally with caddy serving as reverse proxy with Tailscale
authentication.

Signed-off-by: Will Norris <will@tailscale.com>

Signed-off-by: Will Norris <will@tailscale.com>
Co-authored-by: Lunny Xiao <xiaolunwen@gmail.com>

https://mcaptcha.org/

Co-authored-by: Felipe Leopoldo Sologuren Gutiérrez <fsologureng@users.noreply.github.com>

* increase default page sizes to 20
* adjust docs to reflect that the setting is used all over the place
* fix tests

Co-authored-by: Lunny Xiao <xiaolunwen@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: wxiaoguang <wxiaoguang@gmail.com>

* Refactor SSH init code, fix directory creation for TrustedUserCAKeys file

* Update modules/ssh/init.go

Co-authored-by: zeripath <art27@cantab.net>

* fix lint copyright

* Update modules/ssh/init.go

Co-authored-by: zeripath <art27@cantab.net>
Co-authored-by: Lunny Xiao <xiaolunwen@gmail.com>