We are now:
- Making sure there is no existing access token with the same name
- Making sure the given scopes are valid (we already did this before but
now we have a message)

The logic is mostly taken from
a12a5f3652/routers/api/v1/user/app.go (L101-L123)

Closes #26044

Signed-off-by: Yarden Shoham <git@yardenshoham.com>

Replace #21790

And close #25965 by the way (it needs a separate fix for 1.20)

Major changes:

1. Move "gitea convert" to "gitea doctor conver". The old "gitea doctor"
still works as a hidden sub-command (to avoid breaking)
2. Do not write "doctor.log" by default, it's not useful in most cases
and causes bugs like 25965
3. Improve documents
4. Fix the "help" commands. Before, the "./gitea doctor" can't show the
sub-command help correctly (regression of the last cli/v2 refactoring)

After this PR:

```
./gitea help # show all sub-commands for the app
./gitea doctor # show the sub-commands for the "doctor"
./gitea doctor help # show the sub-commands for the "doctor", as above
```

In #25959 I forgot to add default values to some Bool flags (which were
BoolT in cli/v1, BoolT means default to be true)

This PR adds the default "Value" for them.

```
./cmd/manager_logging.go:							}, cli.BoolTFlag{
./cmd/manager_logging.go-								Name:  "rotate, r",
./cmd/manager_logging.go-								Usage: "Rotate logs",
--
./cmd/manager_logging.go:							}, cli.BoolTFlag{
./cmd/manager_logging.go-								Name:  "daily, d",
./cmd/manager_logging.go-								Usage: "Rotate logs daily",
--
./cmd/manager_logging.go:							}, cli.BoolTFlag{
./cmd/manager_logging.go-								Name:  "compress, z",
./cmd/manager_logging.go-								Usage: "Compress rotated logs",
--
./cmd/admin.go:		cli.BoolTFlag{
./cmd/admin.go-			Name:  "force-smtps",
./cmd/admin.go-			Usage: "SMTPS is always used on port 465. Set this to force SMTPS on other ports.",
--
./cmd/admin.go:		cli.BoolTFlag{
./cmd/admin.go-			Name:  "skip-verify",
./cmd/admin.go-			Usage: "Skip TLS verify.",
--
./cmd/admin.go:		cli.BoolTFlag{
./cmd/admin.go-			Name:  "disable-helo",
./cmd/admin.go-			Usage: "Disable SMTP helo.",
--
./cmd/admin.go:		cli.BoolTFlag{
./cmd/admin.go-			Name:  "skip-local-2fa",
./cmd/admin.go-			Usage: "Skip 2FA to log on.",
--
./cmd/admin.go:		cli.BoolTFlag{
./cmd/admin.go-			Name:  "active",
./cmd/admin.go-			Usage: "This Authentication Source is Activated.",
```

Now, the only remaining usages of `models.db.DefaultContext` are in
  - `modules`
  - `models`
  - `services`

Replace #25892

Close  #21942
Close  #25464

Major changes:

1. Serve "robots.txt" and ".well-known/security.txt" in the "public"
custom path
* All files in "public/.well-known" can be served, just like
"public/assets"
3. Add a test for ".well-known/security.txt"
4. Simplify the "FileHandlerFunc" logic, now the paths are consistent so
the code can be simpler
5. Add CORS header for ".well-known" endpoints
6. Add logs to tell users they should move some of their legacy custom
public files

```
2023/07/19 13:00:37 cmd/web.go:178:serveInstalled() [E] Found legacy public asset "img" in CustomPath. Please move it to /work/gitea/custom/public/assets/img
2023/07/19 13:00:37 cmd/web.go:182:serveInstalled() [E] Found legacy public asset "robots.txt" in CustomPath. Please move it to /work/gitea/custom/public/robots.txt
```
This PR is not breaking.

---------

Co-authored-by: silverwind <me@silverwind.io>
Co-authored-by: Giteabot <teabot@gitea.io>

Replace #10912

And there are many new tests to cover the CLI behavior

There were some concerns about the "option order in hook scripts"
(https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/pull/10912#issuecomment-1137543314),
it's not a problem now. Because the hook script uses `/gitea hook
--config=/app.ini pre-receive` format. The "config" is a global option,
it can appear anywhere.

----

## ⚠️ BREAKING ⚠️

This PR does it best to avoid breaking anything. The major changes are:

* `gitea` itself won't accept web's options: `--install-port` / `--pid`
/ `--port` / `--quiet` / `--verbose` .... They are `web` sub-command's
options.
    * Use `./gitea web --pid ....` instead
* `./gitea` can still run the `web` sub-command as shorthand, with
default options
* The sub-command's options must follow the sub-command
* Before: `./gitea --sub-opt subcmd` might equal to `./gitea subcmd
--sub-opt` (well, might not ...)
    * After: only `./gitea subcmd --sub-opt` could be used
    * The global options like `--config` are not affected

Bumping `github.com/golang-jwt/jwt` from v4 to v5.

`github.com/golang-jwt/jwt` v5 is bringing some breaking changes:

- standard `Valid()` method on claims is removed. It's replaced by
`ClaimsValidator` interface implementing `Validator()` method instead,
which is called after standard validation. Gitea doesn't seem to be
using this logic.
- `jwt.Token` has a field `Valid`, so it's checked in `ParseToken`
function in `services/auth/source/oauth2/token.go`

---------

Co-authored-by: Giteabot <teabot@gitea.io>

Result of running `perl -p -i -e 's#interface\{\}#any#g' **/*` and `make fmt`.

Basically the same [as golang did](2580d0e08d).

Ref:

* https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/issues/25377#issuecomment-1609757289

And some sub-commands like "generate" / "docs", they do not need to use
the ini config

More fix for #24981

* #24981


Close #22361

* #22361

There were many patches for Gitea's sub-commands to satisfy the facts:

* Some sub-commands shouldn't output any log, otherwise the git protocol
would be broken
* Sometimes the users want to see "verbose" or "quiet" outputs

That's a longstanding problem, and very fragile. This PR is only a quick
patch for the problem.

In the future, the sub-command system should be refactored to a clear
solution.

----

Other changes:

* Use `ReplaceAllWriters` to replace
`RemoveAllWriters().AddWriters(writer)`, then it's an atomic operation.
* Remove unnecessary `syncLevelInternal` calls, because
`AddWriters/addWritersInternal` already calls it.

Co-authored-by: Giteabot <teabot@gitea.io>

# The problem

There were many "path tricks":

* By default, Gitea uses its program directory as its work path
* Gitea tries to use the "work path" to guess its "custom path" and
"custom conf (app.ini)"
* Users might want to use other directories as work path
* The non-default work path should be passed to Gitea by GITEA_WORK_DIR
or "--work-path"
* But some Gitea processes are started without these values
    * The "serv" process started by OpenSSH server
    * The CLI sub-commands started by site admin
* The paths are guessed by SetCustomPathAndConf again and again
* The default values of "work path / custom path / custom conf" can be
changed when compiling

# The solution

* Use `InitWorkPathAndCommonConfig` to handle these path tricks, and use
test code to cover its behaviors.
* When Gitea's web server runs, write the WORK_PATH to "app.ini", this
value must be the most correct one, because if this value is not right,
users would find that the web UI doesn't work and then they should be
able to fix it.
* Then all other sub-commands can use the WORK_PATH in app.ini to
initialize their paths.
* By the way, when Gitea starts for git protocol, it shouldn't output
any log, otherwise the git protocol gets broken and client blocks
forever.

The "work path" priority is: WORK_PATH in app.ini > cmd arg --work-path
> env var GITEA_WORK_DIR > builtin default

The "app.ini" searching order is: cmd arg --config > cmd arg "work path
/ custom path" > env var "work path / custom path" > builtin default


## ⚠️ BREAKING

If your instance's "work path / custom path / custom conf" doesn't meet
the requirements (eg: work path must be absolute), Gitea will report a
fatal error and exit. You need to set these values according to the
error log.



----

Close #24818
Close #24222
Close #21606
Close #21498
Close #25107
Close #24981
Maybe close #24503

Replace #23301
Replace #22754

And maybe more

That's a longstanding INI package problem: the "MustXxx" calls change
the option values, and the following "Save" will save a lot of garbage
options into the user's config file.

Ideally we should refactor the INI package to a clear solution, but it's
a huge work.

A clear workaround is what this PR does: when "Save", load a clear INI
instance and save it.

Partially fix #25377, the "install" page needs more fine tunes.

1. The "web" package shouldn't depends on "modules/context" package,
instead, let each "web context" register themselves to the "web"
package.
2. The old Init/Free doesn't make sense, so simplify it
* The ctx in "Init(ctx)" is never used, and shouldn't be used that way
* The "Free" is never called and shouldn't be called because the SSPI
instance is shared

---------

Co-authored-by: Giteabot <teabot@gitea.io>

Follow up #22405

Fix #20703 

This PR rewrites storage configuration read sequences with some breaks
and tests. It becomes more strict than before and also fixed some
inherit problems.

- Move storage's MinioConfig struct into setting, so after the
configuration loading, the values will be stored into the struct but not
still on some section.
- All storages configurations should be stored on one section,
configuration items cannot be overrided by multiple sections. The
prioioty of configuration is `[attachment]` > `[storage.attachments]` |
`[storage.customized]` > `[storage]` > `default`
- For extra override configuration items, currently are `SERVE_DIRECT`,
`MINIO_BASE_PATH`, `MINIO_BUCKET`, which could be configured in another
section. The prioioty of the override configuration is `[attachment]` >
`[storage.attachments]` > `default`.
- Add more tests for storages configurations.
- Update the storage documentations.

---------

Co-authored-by: wxiaoguang <wxiaoguang@gmail.com>

This PR replaces all string refName as a type `git.RefName` to make the
code more maintainable.

Fix #15367
Replaces #23070 
It also fixed a bug that tags are not sync because `git remote --prune
origin` will not remove local tags if remote removed.

We in fact should use `git fetch --prune --tags origin` but not `git
remote update origin` to do the sync.

Some answer from ChatGPT as ref.

> If the git fetch --prune --tags command is not working as expected,
there could be a few reasons why. Here are a few things to check:
> 
>Make sure that you have the latest version of Git installed on your
system. You can check the version by running git --version in your
terminal. If you have an outdated version, try updating Git and see if
that resolves the issue.
> 
>Check that your Git repository is properly configured to track the
remote repository's tags. You can check this by running git config
--get-all remote.origin.fetch and verifying that it includes
+refs/tags/*:refs/tags/*. If it does not, you can add it by running git
config --add remote.origin.fetch "+refs/tags/*:refs/tags/*".
> 
>Verify that the tags you are trying to prune actually exist on the
remote repository. You can do this by running git ls-remote --tags
origin to list all the tags on the remote repository.
> 
>Check if any local tags have been created that match the names of tags
on the remote repository. If so, these local tags may be preventing the
git fetch --prune --tags command from working properly. You can delete
local tags using the git tag -d command.

---------

Co-authored-by: delvh <dev.lh@web.de>

Fix #24856

Rename "context.contextKey" to "context.WebContextKey", this context is
for web context only. But the Context itself is not renamed, otherwise
it would cause a lot of changes (if we really want to rename it, there
could be a separate PR).

The old test code doesn't really test, the "install page" gets broken
not only one time, so use new test code to make sure the "install page"
could work.

This can be useful to update custom templates in production mode, when
they are updated frequently and a full Gitea restart each time is
disruptive.

## ⚠️ Breaking

The `log.<mode>.<logger>` style config has been dropped. If you used it,
please check the new config manual & app.example.ini to make your
instance output logs as expected.

Although many legacy options still work, it's encouraged to upgrade to
the new options.

The SMTP logger is deleted because SMTP is not suitable to collect logs.

If you have manually configured Gitea log options, please confirm the
logger system works as expected after upgrading.

## Description

Close #12082 and maybe more log-related issues, resolve some related
FIXMEs in old code (which seems unfixable before)

Just like rewriting queue #24505 : make code maintainable, clear legacy
bugs, and add the ability to support more writers (eg: JSON, structured
log)

There is a new document (with examples): `logging-config.en-us.md`

This PR is safer than the queue rewriting, because it's just for
logging, it won't break other logic.

## The old problems

The logging system is quite old and difficult to maintain:
* Unclear concepts: Logger, NamedLogger, MultiChannelledLogger,
SubLogger, EventLogger, WriterLogger etc
* Some code is diffuclt to konw whether it is right:
`log.DelNamedLogger("console")` vs `log.DelNamedLogger(log.DEFAULT)` vs
`log.DelLogger("console")`
* The old system heavily depends on ini config system, it's difficult to
create new logger for different purpose, and it's very fragile.
* The "color" trick is difficult to use and read, many colors are
unnecessary, and in the future structured log could help
* It's difficult to add other log formats, eg: JSON format
* The log outputer doesn't have full control of its goroutine, it's
difficult to make outputer have advanced behaviors
* The logs could be lost in some cases: eg: no Fatal error when using
CLI.
* Config options are passed by JSON, which is quite fragile.
* INI package makes the KEY in `[log]` section visible in `[log.sub1]`
and `[log.sub1.subA]`, this behavior is quite fragile and would cause
more unclear problems, and there is no strong requirement to support
`log.<mode>.<logger>` syntax.


## The new design

See `logger.go` for documents.


## Screenshot

<details>


![image](https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/assets/2114189/4462d713-ba39-41f5-bb08-de912e67e1ff)


![image](https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/assets/2114189/b188035e-f691-428b-8b2d-ff7b2199b2f9)


![image](https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/assets/2114189/132e9745-1c3b-4e00-9e0d-15eaea495dee)

</details>

## TODO

* [x] add some new tests
* [x] fix some tests
* [x] test some sub-commands (manually ....)

---------

Co-authored-by: Jason Song <i@wolfogre.com>
Co-authored-by: delvh <dev.lh@web.de>
Co-authored-by: Giteabot <teabot@gitea.io>

Close #24677

---------

Co-authored-by: Giteabot <teabot@gitea.io>

# ⚠️ Breaking

Many deprecated queue config options are removed (actually, they should
have been removed in 1.18/1.19).

If you see the fatal message when starting Gitea: "Please update your
app.ini to remove deprecated config options", please follow the error
messages to remove these options from your app.ini.

Example:

```
2023/05/06 19:39:22 [E] Removed queue option: `[indexer].ISSUE_INDEXER_QUEUE_TYPE`. Use new options in `[queue.issue_indexer]`
2023/05/06 19:39:22 [E] Removed queue option: `[indexer].UPDATE_BUFFER_LEN`. Use new options in `[queue.issue_indexer]`
2023/05/06 19:39:22 [F] Please update your app.ini to remove deprecated config options
```

Many options in `[queue]` are are dropped, including:
`WRAP_IF_NECESSARY`, `MAX_ATTEMPTS`, `TIMEOUT`, `WORKERS`,
`BLOCK_TIMEOUT`, `BOOST_TIMEOUT`, `BOOST_WORKERS`, they can be removed
from app.ini.

# The problem

The old queue package has some legacy problems:

* complexity: I doubt few people could tell how it works.
* maintainability: Too many channels and mutex/cond are mixed together,
too many different structs/interfaces depends each other.
* stability: due to the complexity & maintainability, sometimes there
are strange bugs and difficult to debug, and some code doesn't have test
(indeed some code is difficult to test because a lot of things are mixed
together).
* general applicability: although it is called "queue", its behavior is
not a well-known queue.
* scalability: it doesn't seem easy to make it work with a cluster
without breaking its behaviors.

It came from some very old code to "avoid breaking", however, its
technical debt is too heavy now. It's a good time to introduce a better
"queue" package.

# The new queue package

It keeps using old config and concept as much as possible.

* It only contains two major kinds of concepts:
    * The "base queue": channel, levelqueue, redis
* They have the same abstraction, the same interface, and they are
tested by the same testing code.
* The "WokerPoolQueue", it uses the "base queue" to provide "worker
pool" function, calls the "handler" to process the data in the base
queue.
* The new code doesn't do "PushBack"
* Think about a queue with many workers, the "PushBack" can't guarantee
the order for re-queued unhandled items, so in new code it just does
"normal push"
* The new code doesn't do "pause/resume"
* The "pause/resume" was designed to handle some handler's failure: eg:
document indexer (elasticsearch) is down
* If a queue is paused for long time, either the producers blocks or the
new items are dropped.
* The new code doesn't do such "pause/resume" trick, it's not a common
queue's behavior and it doesn't help much.
* If there are unhandled items, the "push" function just blocks for a
few seconds and then re-queue them and retry.
* The new code doesn't do "worker booster"
* Gitea's queue's handlers are light functions, the cost is only the
go-routine, so it doesn't make sense to "boost" them.
* The new code only use "max worker number" to limit the concurrent
workers.
* The new "Push" never blocks forever
* Instead of creating more and more blocking goroutines, return an error
is more friendly to the server and to the end user.

There are more details in code comments: eg: the "Flush" problem, the
strange "code.index" hanging problem, the "immediate" queue problem.

Almost ready for review.

TODO:

* [x] add some necessary comments during review
* [x] add some more tests if necessary
* [x] update documents and config options
* [x] test max worker / active worker
* [x] re-run the CI tasks to see whether any test is flaky
* [x] improve the `handleOldLengthConfiguration` to provide more
friendly messages
* [x] fine tune default config values (eg: length?)

## Code coverage:

![image](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/2114189/236620635-55576955-f95d-4810-b12f-879026a3afdf.png)

This PR will merge 3 Init functions on setting packages as 1 and
introduce an options struct.

Co-authored-by: @awkwardbunny

This PR adds a Debian package registry.
You can follow [this
tutorial](https://www.baeldung.com/linux/create-debian-package) to build
a *.deb package for testing.
Source packages are not supported at the moment and I did not find
documentation of the architecture "all" and how these packages should be
treated.


![grafik](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/1666336/218126879-eb80a866-775c-4c8e-8529-5797203a64e6.png)

Part of #20751.

Revised copy of #22854.

---------

Co-authored-by: Brian Hong <brian@hongs.me>
Co-authored-by: techknowlogick <techknowlogick@gitea.io>
Co-authored-by: Giteabot <teabot@gitea.io>

Reverts go-gitea/gitea#22854

Co-authored-by: @awkwardbunny

This PR adds a Debian package registry. You can follow [this
tutorial](https://www.baeldung.com/linux/create-debian-package) to build
a *.deb package for testing. Source packages are not supported at the
moment and I did not find documentation of the architecture "all" and
how these packages should be treated.

---------

Co-authored-by: Brian Hong <brian@hongs.me>
Co-authored-by: techknowlogick <techknowlogick@gitea.io>

This PR introduces more abstract about `ConfigProvider` and hides more `ini` references.

---------

Co-authored-by: delvh <dev.lh@web.de>

Co-authored-by: silverwind <me@silverwind.io>
Co-authored-by: Giteabot <teabot@gitea.io>

This is a CLI command to generate new tokens for the runners to register
with

Fix https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/issues/23643

---------

Co-authored-by: delvh <dev.lh@web.de>

The idea is to use a Layered Asset File-system (modules/assetfs/layered.go)

For example: when there are 2 layers: "custom", "builtin", when access
to asset "my/page.tmpl", the Layered Asset File-system will first try to
use "custom" assets, if not found, then use "builtin" assets.

This approach will hugely simplify a lot of code, make them testable.

Other changes:

* Simplify the AssetsHandlerFunc code
* Simplify the `gitea embedded` sub-command code

---------

Co-authored-by: Jason Song <i@wolfogre.com>
Co-authored-by: Lunny Xiao <xiaolunwen@gmail.com>

Fixes: #19687

The --quiet options to gitea dump silences informational and less
important messages, but will still log warnings and errors to console.
Very useful in combination with cron backups and '-f -'.

Since --verbose and --quiet are incompatible with each other I made it
an error to specify both. To get the error message to be printed to
stderr I had to make this test after the NewServices()-call, which is
why there are three new blocks of code instead of two.

# Why this PR comes

At first, I'd like to help users like #23636 (there are a lot)

The unclear "Internal Server Error" is quite anonying, scare users,
frustrate contributors, nobody knows what happens.

So, it's always good to provide meaningful messages to end users (of
course, do not leak sensitive information).

When I started working on the "response message to end users", I found
that the related code has a lot of technical debt. A lot of copy&paste
code, unclear fields and usages.

So I think it's good to make everything clear.

# Tech Backgrounds

Gitea has many sub-commands, some are used by admins, some are used by
SSH servers or Git Hooks. Many sub-commands use "internal API" to
communicate with Gitea web server.

Before, Gitea server always use `StatusCode + Json "err" field` to
return messages.

* The CLI sub-commands: they expect to show all error related messages
to site admin
* The Serv/Hook sub-commands (for git clients): they could only show
safe messages to end users, the error log could only be recorded by
"SSHLog" to Gitea web server.

In the old design, it assumes that:

* If the StatusCode is 500 (in some functions), then the "err" field is
error log, shouldn't be exposed to git client.
* If the StatusCode is 40x, then the "err" field could be exposed. And
some functions always read the "err" no matter what the StatusCode is.

The old code is not strict, and it's difficult to distinguish the
messages clearly and then output them correctly.

# This PR

To help to remove duplicate code and make everything clear, this PR
introduces `ResponseExtra` and `requestJSONResp`.

* `ResponseExtra` is a struct which contains "extra" information of a
internal API response, including StatusCode, UserMsg, Error
* `requestJSONResp` is a generic function which can be used for all
cases to help to simplify the calls.
* Remove all `map["err"]`, always use `private.Response{Err}` to
construct error messages.
* User messages and error messages are separated clearly, the `fail` and
`handleCliResponseExtra` will output correct messages.
* Replace all `Internal Server Error` messages with meaningful (still
safe) messages.

This PR saves more than 300 lines, while makes the git client messages
more clear.

Many gitea-serv/git-hook related essential functions are covered by
tests.

---------

Co-authored-by: delvh <dev.lh@web.de>

A feedback from discord:
https://discord.com/channels/322538954119184384/561007778139734027/1090185427115319386

Some storages like:

 * https://developers.cloudflare.com/r2/api/s3/api/
 * https://www.backblaze.com/b2/docs/s3_compatible_api.html

They do not support "x-amz-checksum-algorithm" header

But minio recently uses that header with CRC32C by default. So we have
to tell minio to use legacy MD5 checksum.

I guess this needs to be backported because IIRC we 1.19 and 1.20 are
using similar minio package.


The minio package code for SendContentMD5 looks like this:

<details>

<img width="755" alt="image"
src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/2114189/228186768-4f2f6f67-62b9-4aee-9251-5af714ad9674.png">

</details>

Close #23622 

As described in the issue, disabling the LFS/Package settings will cause
errors when running `gitea dump` or `gitea doctor`. We need to check the
settings and the related operations should be skipped if the settings
are disabled.

Co-authored-by: Lunny Xiao <xiaolunwen@gmail.com>

Creating pid file should not belong to setting package and only web
command needs that. So this PR moves pidfile creation from setting
package to web command package to keep setting package more readable.

I marked this as `break` because the PIDFile path moved. For those who
have used the pid build argument, it has to be changed.

---------

Co-authored-by: KN4CK3R <admin@oldschoolhack.me>

Support to iterator subdirectory in ObjectStorage for
ObjectStorage.Iterator method.

It's required for https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/pull/22738 to make
artifact files cleanable.

---------

Co-authored-by: Jason Song <i@wolfogre.com>
Co-authored-by: Lunny Xiao <xiaolunwen@gmail.com>

When there is an error creating a new openIDConnect authentication
source try to handle the error a little better.

Close #23283

Signed-off-by: Andrew Thornton <art27@cantab.net>
Co-authored-by: techknowlogick <techknowlogick@gitea.io>

Replace #23350.

Refactor `setting.Database.UseMySQL` to
`setting.Database.Type.IsMySQL()`.

To avoid mismatching between `Type` and `UseXXX`.

This refactor can fix the bug mentioned in #23350, so it should be
backported.

There was no `dbDump.Close()` before, Windows doesn't like to delete
opened files.

Close #23137

The old code is too old (8-9 years ago)

Let's try to execute the git commands from git bin home directly.

The verb has been checked above, it could only be:
* git-upload-pack
* git-upload-archive
* git-receive-pack
* git-lfs-authenticate

Some bugs caused by less unit tests in fundamental packages. This PR
refactor `setting` package so that create a unit test will be easier
than before.

- All `LoadFromXXX` files has been splited as two functions, one is
`InitProviderFromXXX` and `LoadCommonSettings`. The first functions will
only include the code to create or new a ini file. The second function
will load common settings.
- It also renames all functions in setting from `newXXXService` to
`loadXXXSetting` or `loadXXXFrom` to make the function name less
confusing.
- Move `XORMLog` to `SQLLog` because it's a better name for that.

Maybe we should finally move these `loadXXXSetting` into the `XXXInit`
function? Any idea?

---------

Co-authored-by: 6543 <6543@obermui.de>
Co-authored-by: delvh <dev.lh@web.de>

This PR refactors and improves the password hashing code within gitea
and makes it possible for server administrators to set the password
hashing parameters

In addition it takes the opportunity to adjust the settings for `pbkdf2`
in order to make the hashing a little stronger.

The majority of this work was inspired by PR #14751 and I would like to
thank @boppy for their work on this.

Thanks to @gusted for the suggestion to adjust the `pbkdf2` hashing
parameters.

Close #14751

---------

Signed-off-by: Andrew Thornton <art27@cantab.net>
Co-authored-by: delvh <dev.lh@web.de>
Co-authored-by: John Olheiser <john.olheiser@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Lunny Xiao <xiaolunwen@gmail.com>

To avoid duplicated load of the same data in an HTTP request, we can set
a context cache to do that. i.e. Some pages may load a user from a
database with the same id in different areas on the same page. But the
code is hidden in two different deep logic. How should we share the
user? As a result of this PR, now if both entry functions accept
`context.Context` as the first parameter and we just need to refactor
`GetUserByID` to reuse the user from the context cache. Then it will not
be loaded twice on an HTTP request.

But of course, sometimes we would like to reload an object from the
database, that's why `RemoveContextData` is also exposed.

The core context cache is here. It defines a new context
```go
type cacheContext struct {
	ctx  context.Context
	data map[any]map[any]any
        lock sync.RWMutex
}

var cacheContextKey = struct{}{}

func WithCacheContext(ctx context.Context) context.Context {
	return context.WithValue(ctx, cacheContextKey, &cacheContext{
		ctx:  ctx,
		data: make(map[any]map[any]any),
	})
}
```

Then you can use the below 4 methods to read/write/del the data within
the same context.

```go
func GetContextData(ctx context.Context, tp, key any) any
func SetContextData(ctx context.Context, tp, key, value any)
func RemoveContextData(ctx context.Context, tp, key any)
func GetWithContextCache[T any](ctx context.Context, cacheGroupKey string, cacheTargetID any, f func() (T, error)) (T, error)
```

Then let's take a look at how `system.GetString` implement it.

```go
func GetSetting(ctx context.Context, key string) (string, error) {
	return cache.GetWithContextCache(ctx, contextCacheKey, key, func() (string, error) {
		return cache.GetString(genSettingCacheKey(key), func() (string, error) {
			res, err := GetSettingNoCache(ctx, key)
			if err != nil {
				return "", err
			}
			return res.SettingValue, nil
		})
	})
}
```

First, it will check if context data include the setting object with the
key. If not, it will query from the global cache which may be memory or
a Redis cache. If not, it will get the object from the database. In the
end, if the object gets from the global cache or database, it will be
set into the context cache.

An object stored in the context cache will only be destroyed after the
context disappeared.

As part of administration sometimes it is appropriate to forcibly tell
users to update their passwords.

This PR creates a new command `gitea admin user must-change-password`
which will set the `MustChangePassword` flag on the provided users.

Signed-off-by: Andrew Thornton <art27@cantab.net>

Fixes #19555

Test-Instructions:
https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/pull/21441#issuecomment-1419438000

This PR implements the mapping of user groups provided by OIDC providers
to orgs teams in Gitea. The main part is a refactoring of the existing
LDAP code to make it usable from different providers.

Refactorings:
- Moved the router auth code from module to service because of import
cycles
- Changed some model methods to take a `Context` parameter
- Moved the mapping code from LDAP to a common location

I've tested it with Keycloak but other providers should work too. The
JSON mapping format is the same as for LDAP.


![grafik](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/1666336/195634392-3fc540fc-b229-4649-99ac-91ae8e19df2d.png)

---------

Co-authored-by: Lunny Xiao <xiaolunwen@gmail.com>

Fixes #22713

Fixes https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/issues/22523

Followup for #20908 to allow setting the scopes when creating new access
token via CLI.

Co-authored-by: Lunny Xiao <xiaolunwen@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: John Olheiser <john.olheiser@gmail.com>

Close #13539.

Co-authored by: @lunny @appleboy @fuxiaohei and others.

Related projects:
- https://gitea.com/gitea/actions-proto-def
- https://gitea.com/gitea/actions-proto-go
- https://gitea.com/gitea/act
- https://gitea.com/gitea/act_runner

### Summary

The target of this PR is to bring a basic implementation of "Actions",
an internal CI/CD system of Gitea. That means even though it has been
merged, the state of the feature is **EXPERIMENTAL**, and please note
that:

- It is disabled by default;
- It shouldn't be used in a production environment currently;
- It shouldn't be used in a public Gitea instance currently;
- Breaking changes may be made before it's stable.

**Please comment on #13539 if you have any different product design
ideas**, all decisions reached there will be adopted here. But in this
PR, we don't talk about **naming, feature-creep or alternatives**.

### ⚠️ Breaking

`gitea-actions` will become a reserved user name. If a user with the
name already exists in the database, it is recommended to rename it.

### Some important reviews

- What is `DEFAULT_ACTIONS_URL` in `app.ini` for?
  - https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/pull/21937#discussion_r1055954954
- Why the api for runners is not under the normal `/api/v1` prefix?
  - https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/pull/21937#discussion_r1061173592
- Why DBFS?
  - https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/pull/21937#discussion_r1061301178
- Why ignore events triggered by `gitea-actions` bot?
  - https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/pull/21937#discussion_r1063254103
- Why there's no permission control for actions?
  - https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/pull/21937#discussion_r1090229868

### What it looks like

<details>

#### Manage runners

<img width="1792" alt="image"
src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/9418365/205870657-c72f590e-2e08-4cd4-be7f-2e0abb299bbf.png">

#### List runs

<img width="1792" alt="image"
src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/9418365/205872794-50fde990-2b45-48c1-a178-908e4ec5b627.png">


#### View logs

<img width="1792" alt="image"
src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/9418365/205872501-9b7b9000-9542-4991-8f55-18ccdada77c3.png">



</details>

### How to try it

<details>

#### 1. Start Gitea

Clone this branch and [install from
source](https://docs.gitea.io/en-us/install-from-source).

Add additional configurations in `app.ini` to enable Actions:

```ini
[actions]
ENABLED = true
```

Start it.

If all is well, you'll see the management page of runners:

<img width="1792" alt="image"
src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/9418365/205877365-8e30a780-9b10-4154-b3e8-ee6c3cb35a59.png">


#### 2. Start runner

Clone the [act_runner](https://gitea.com/gitea/act_runner), and follow
the
[README](https://gitea.com/gitea/act_runner/src/branch/main/README.md)
to start it.

If all is well, you'll see a new runner has been added:

<img width="1792" alt="image"
src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/9418365/205878000-216f5937-e696-470d-b66c-8473987d91c3.png">

#### 3. Enable actions for a repo

Create a new repo or open an existing one, check the `Actions` checkbox
in settings and submit.

<img width="1792" alt="image"
src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/9418365/205879705-53e09208-73c0-4b3e-a123-2dcf9aba4b9c.png">
<img width="1792" alt="image"
src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/9418365/205879383-23f3d08f-1a85-41dd-a8b3-54e2ee6453e8.png">

If all is well, you'll see a new tab "Actions":

<img width="1792" alt="image"
src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/9418365/205881648-a8072d8c-5803-4d76-b8a8-9b2fb49516c1.png">

#### 4. Upload workflow files

Upload some workflow files to `.gitea/workflows/xxx.yaml`, you can
follow the [quickstart](https://docs.github.com/en/actions/quickstart)
of GitHub Actions. Yes, Gitea Actions is compatible with GitHub Actions
in most cases, you can use the same demo:

```yaml
name: GitHub Actions Demo
run-name: ${{ github.actor }} is testing out GitHub Actions 🚀
on: [push]
jobs:
  Explore-GitHub-Actions:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - run: echo "🎉 The job was automatically triggered by a ${{ github.event_name }} event."
      - run: echo "🐧 This job is now running on a ${{ runner.os }} server hosted by GitHub!"
      - run: echo "🔎 The name of your branch is ${{ github.ref }} and your repository is ${{ github.repository }}."
      - name: Check out repository code
        uses: actions/checkout@v3
      - run: echo "💡 The ${{ github.repository }} repository has been cloned to the runner."
      - run: echo "🖥️ The workflow is now ready to test your code on the runner."
      - name: List files in the repository
        run: |
          ls ${{ github.workspace }}
      - run: echo "🍏 This job's status is ${{ job.status }}."
```

If all is well, you'll see a new run in `Actions` tab:

<img width="1792" alt="image"
src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/9418365/205884473-79a874bc-171b-4aaf-acd5-0241a45c3b53.png">

#### 5. Check the logs of jobs

Click a run and you'll see the logs:

<img width="1792" alt="image"
src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/9418365/205884800-994b0374-67f7-48ff-be9a-4c53f3141547.png">

#### 6. Go on

You can try more examples in [the
documents](https://docs.github.com/en/actions/using-workflows/workflow-syntax-for-github-actions)
of GitHub Actions, then you might find a lot of bugs.

Come on, PRs are welcome.

</details>

See also: [Feature Preview: Gitea
Actions](https://blog.gitea.io/2022/12/feature-preview-gitea-actions/)

---------

Co-authored-by: a101211279 <1012112796@qq.com>
Co-authored-by: Lunny Xiao <xiaolunwen@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: delvh <dev.lh@web.de>
Co-authored-by: ChristopherHX <christopher.homberger@web.de>
Co-authored-by: John Olheiser <john.olheiser@gmail.com>

- Move the file `compare.go` and `slice.go` to `slice.go`.
- Fix `ExistsInSlice`, it's buggy
  - It uses `sort.Search`, so it assumes that the input slice is sorted.
- It passes `func(i int) bool { return slice[i] == target })` to
`sort.Search`, that's incorrect, check the doc of `sort.Search`.
- Conbine `IsInt64InSlice(int64, []int64)` and `ExistsInSlice(string,
[]string)` to `SliceContains[T]([]T, T)`.
- Conbine `IsSliceInt64Eq([]int64, []int64)` and `IsEqualSlice([]string,
[]string)` to `SliceSortedEqual[T]([]T, T)`.
- Add `SliceEqual[T]([]T, T)` as a distinction from
`SliceSortedEqual[T]([]T, T)`.
- Redesign `RemoveIDFromList([]int64, int64) ([]int64, bool)` to
`SliceRemoveAll[T]([]T, T) []T`.
- Add `SliceContainsFunc[T]([]T, func(T) bool)` and
`SliceRemoveAllFunc[T]([]T, func(T) bool)` for general use.
- Add comments to explain why not `golang.org/x/exp/slices`.
- Add unit tests.

Addition to #22256

The `convert` package relies heavily on different models which is
[disallowed by our definition of
modules](https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/blob/main/CONTRIBUTING.md#design-guideline).
This helps to prevent possible import cycles.

Co-authored-by: Lunny Xiao <xiaolunwen@gmail.com>