jackcess/src/main/java/com/healthmarketscience/jackcess/impl/CalculatedColumnUtil.java

/*
Copyright (c) 2014 James Ahlborn

Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
You may obtain a copy of the License at

    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
limitations under the License.
*/

package com.healthmarketscience.jackcess.impl;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.math.BigDecimal;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.nio.ByteOrder;


/**
 * Utility code for dealing with calculated columns.
 * <p/>
 * These are the currently possible calculated types: FLOAT, DOUBLE, INT,
 * LONG, BIG_INT, GUID, SHORT_DATE_TIME, MONEY, BOOLEAN, NUMERIC, TEXT, MEMO.
 *
 * @author James Ahlborn
 */
class CalculatedColumnUtil 
{
  // offset to the int which specifies the length of the actual data
  private static final int CALC_DATA_LEN_OFFSET = 16;
  // offset to the actual data
  private static final int CALC_DATA_OFFSET = CALC_DATA_LEN_OFFSET + 4;
  // total amount of extra bytes added for calculated values
  static final int CALC_EXTRA_DATA_LEN = 23;
  // ms access seems to define all fixed-len calc fields as this length
  static final short CALC_FIXED_FIELD_LEN = 39;

  // fully encode calculated BOOLEAN "true" value
  private static final byte[] CALC_BOOL_TRUE = wrapCalculatedValue(
      new byte[]{(byte)0xFF});
  // fully encode calculated BOOLEAN "false" value
  private static final byte[] CALC_BOOL_FALSE = wrapCalculatedValue(
      new byte[]{0});

  /**
   * Creates the appropriate ColumnImpl class for a calculated column and
   * reads a column definition in from a buffer
   * 
   * @param args column construction info
   * @usage _advanced_method_
   */
  static ColumnImpl create(ColumnImpl.InitArgs args) throws IOException
  {    
    switch(args.type) {
    case BOOLEAN:
      return new CalcBooleanColImpl(args);
    case TEXT:
      return new CalcTextColImpl(args);
    case MEMO:
      return new CalcMemoColImpl(args);
    default:
      // fall through
    }

    if(args.type.getHasScalePrecision()) {
      return new CalcNumericColImpl(args);
    }
    
    return new CalcColImpl(args);
  }

  /**
   * Grabs the real data bytes from a calculated value.
   */
  private static byte[] unwrapCalculatedValue(byte[] data) {
    if(data.length < CALC_DATA_OFFSET) {
      return data;
    }
    
    ByteBuffer buffer = PageChannel.wrap(data);
    buffer.position(CALC_DATA_LEN_OFFSET);
    int dataLen = buffer.getInt();
    byte[] newData = new byte[Math.min(buffer.remaining(), dataLen)];
    buffer.get(newData);
    return newData;
  }

  /**
   * Wraps the given data bytes with the extra calculated value data and
   * returns a new ByteBuffer containing the final data.
   */
  private static ByteBuffer wrapCalculatedValue(ByteBuffer buffer) {
    ByteBuffer newBuf = prepareWrappedCalcValue(
        buffer.remaining(), buffer.order());
    newBuf.put(buffer);
    newBuf.rewind();
    return newBuf;
  }

  /**
   * Wraps the given data bytes with the extra calculated value data and
   * returns a new byte[] containing the final data.
   */
  private static byte[] wrapCalculatedValue(byte[] data) {
    int dataLen = data.length;
    data = ByteUtil.copyOf(data, 0, dataLen + CALC_EXTRA_DATA_LEN, 
                           CALC_DATA_OFFSET);
    PageChannel.wrap(data).putInt(CALC_DATA_LEN_OFFSET, dataLen);
    return data;
  }

  /**
   * Prepares a calculated value buffer for data of the given length.
   */
  private static ByteBuffer prepareWrappedCalcValue(int dataLen, ByteOrder order)
  {
    ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(
        dataLen + CALC_EXTRA_DATA_LEN).order(order);
    buffer.putInt(CALC_DATA_LEN_OFFSET, dataLen);
    buffer.position(CALC_DATA_OFFSET);
    return buffer;
  }
  

  /**
   * General calculated column implementation.
   */
  private static class CalcColImpl extends ColumnImpl
  {
    CalcColImpl(InitArgs args) throws IOException {
      super(args);
    }

    @Override
    public Object read(byte[] data, ByteOrder order) throws IOException {
      data = unwrapCalculatedValue(data);
      if((data.length == 0) && !getType().isVariableLength()) {
        // apparently "null" values can be written as actual data
        return null;
      }
      return super.read(data, order);
    }

    @Override
    protected ByteBuffer writeRealData(Object obj, int remainingRowLength, 
                                       ByteOrder order)
      throws IOException
    {
      // we should only be working with fixed length types
      ByteBuffer buffer = writeFixedLengthField(
          obj, prepareWrappedCalcValue(getType().getFixedSize(), order));
      buffer.rewind();
      return buffer;
    }
  }

  /**
   * Calculated BOOLEAN column implementation.
   */
  private static class CalcBooleanColImpl extends ColumnImpl
  {
    CalcBooleanColImpl(InitArgs args) throws IOException {
      super(args);
    }

    @Override
    public boolean storeInNullMask() {
      // calculated booleans are _not_ stored in null mask
      return false;
    }

    @Override
    public Object read(byte[] data, ByteOrder order) throws IOException {
      data = unwrapCalculatedValue(data);
      if(data.length == 0) {
        return Boolean.FALSE;
      }
      return ((data[0] != 0) ? Boolean.TRUE : Boolean.FALSE);
    }

    @Override
    protected ByteBuffer writeRealData(Object obj, int remainingRowLength, 
                                       ByteOrder order)
      throws IOException
    {
      return ByteBuffer.wrap(
          toBooleanValue(obj) ? CALC_BOOL_TRUE : CALC_BOOL_FALSE).order(order);
    }
  }

  /**
   * Calculated TEXT column implementation.
   */
  private static class CalcTextColImpl extends TextColumnImpl
  {
    CalcTextColImpl(InitArgs args) throws IOException {
      super(args);
    }

    @Override
    public short getLengthInUnits() {
      // the byte "length" includes the calculated field overhead.  remove
      // that to get the _actual_ data length (in units)
      return (short)getType().toUnitSize(getLength() - CALC_EXTRA_DATA_LEN);
    }

    @Override
    public Object read(byte[] data, ByteOrder order) throws IOException {
      return decodeTextValue(unwrapCalculatedValue(data));
    }

    @Override
    protected ByteBuffer writeRealData(Object obj, int remainingRowLength, 
                                       ByteOrder order)
      throws IOException
    {
      return wrapCalculatedValue(super.writeRealData(
                                     obj, remainingRowLength, order));
    }
  }

  /**
   * Calculated MEMO column implementation.
   */
  private static class CalcMemoColImpl extends MemoColumnImpl
  {
    CalcMemoColImpl(InitArgs args) throws IOException {
      super(args);
    }

    @Override
    protected int getMaxLengthInUnits() {
      // the byte "length" includes the calculated field overhead.  remove
      // that to get the _actual_ data length (in units)
      return getType().toUnitSize(getType().getMaxSize() - CALC_EXTRA_DATA_LEN);
    }

    @Override
    protected byte[] readLongValue(byte[] lvalDefinition)
      throws IOException
    {
      return unwrapCalculatedValue(super.readLongValue(lvalDefinition));
    }

    @Override
    protected ByteBuffer writeLongValue(byte[] value, int remainingRowLength) 
      throws IOException
    {
      return super.writeLongValue(
          wrapCalculatedValue(value), remainingRowLength);
    }    
  }

  /**
   * Calculated NUMERIC column implementation.
   */
  private static class CalcNumericColImpl extends NumericColumnImpl
  {
    CalcNumericColImpl(InitArgs args) throws IOException {
      super(args);
    }

    @Override
    public byte getPrecision() {
      return (byte)getType().getMaxPrecision();
    }

    @Override
    public Object read(byte[] data, ByteOrder order) throws IOException {
      data = unwrapCalculatedValue(data);
      if(data.length == 0) {
        // apparently "null" values can be written as actual data
        return null;
      }
      return readCalcNumericValue(ByteBuffer.wrap(data).order(order));
    }

    @Override
    protected ByteBuffer writeRealData(Object obj, int remainingRowLength, 
                                       ByteOrder order)
      throws IOException
    {
      int totalDataLen = Math.min(CALC_EXTRA_DATA_LEN + 16 + 4, getLength());
      // data length must be multiple of 4
      int dataLen = toMul4(totalDataLen - CALC_EXTRA_DATA_LEN);
      ByteBuffer buffer = prepareWrappedCalcValue(dataLen, order);

      writeCalcNumericValue(buffer, obj, dataLen);

      buffer.rewind();
      return buffer;
    }

    private static BigDecimal readCalcNumericValue(ByteBuffer buffer)
    {
      short totalLen = buffer.getShort();
      // numeric bytes need to be a multiple of 4 and we currently handle at
      // most 16 bytes
      int numByteLen = ((totalLen > 0) ? totalLen : buffer.remaining()) - 2;
      numByteLen = Math.min(toMul4(numByteLen), 16);

      byte scale = buffer.get();
      boolean negate = (buffer.get() != 0);
      byte[] tmpArr = ByteUtil.getBytes(buffer, numByteLen);

      if(buffer.order() != ByteOrder.BIG_ENDIAN) {
        fixNumericByteOrder(tmpArr);
      }

      return toBigDecimal(tmpArr, negate, scale);
    }

    private void writeCalcNumericValue(ByteBuffer buffer, Object value,
                                       int dataLen)
      throws IOException
    {
      Object inValue = value;
      try {
        BigDecimal decVal = toBigDecimal(value);
        inValue = decVal;

        int signum = decVal.signum();
        if(signum < 0) {
          decVal = decVal.negate();
        }

        int maxScale = getType().getMaxScale();
        if(decVal.scale() > maxScale) {
          // adjust scale according to max (will cause the an
          // ArithmeticException if number has too many decimal places)
          decVal = decVal.setScale(maxScale);
        }
        int scale = decVal.scale();
        
        // check precision
        if(decVal.precision() > getType().getMaxPrecision()) {
          throw new IOException(withErrorContext(
              "Numeric value is too big for specified precision "
              + getType().getMaxPrecision() + ": " + decVal));
        }
    
        // convert to unscaled BigInteger, big-endian bytes
        byte[] intValBytes = toUnscaledByteArray(decVal, dataLen - 4);

        if(buffer.order() != ByteOrder.BIG_ENDIAN) {
          fixNumericByteOrder(intValBytes);
        }

        buffer.putShort((short)(dataLen - 2));
        buffer.put((byte)scale);
        // write sign byte
        buffer.put((signum < 0) ? NUMERIC_NEGATIVE_BYTE : 0);
        buffer.put(intValBytes);

      } catch(ArithmeticException e) {
        throw (IOException)
          new IOException(withErrorContext(
              "Numeric value '" + inValue + "' out of range"))
          .initCause(e);
      }
    }

    private static void fixNumericByteOrder(byte[] bytes) {

      // this is a little weird.  it looks like they decided to truncate
      // leading 0 bytes and _then_ swap endian, which ends up kind of odd.
      int pos = 0;
      if((bytes.length % 8) != 0) {
        // leading 4 bytes are swapped
        ByteUtil.swap4Bytes(bytes, 0);
        pos += 4;
      }

      // then fix endianness of each 8 byte segment
      for(; pos < bytes.length; pos+=8) {
        ByteUtil.swap8Bytes(bytes, pos);
      }
    }

    private static int toMul4(int val) {
      return ((val / 4) * 4);
    }
  }

}