Before this fix, ref directory removal did not work. That was because
the ref lock file was still in the leaf directory at deletion time.
Hence no deep ref directories were ever deleted, which negatively
impacted performance under large directory structure circumstances.

This fix removes the ref lock file before attempting to delete the ref
directory (which includes it). The other deep parent directories are
therefore now successfully deleted in turn, since leaf's content
(lock file) gets removed first.

So, given a structure such as refs/any/directory[/**], this fix now
deletes all empty directories up to -and including- 'directory'. The
'any' directory (e.g.) does not get deleted even if empty, as before.

The ref lock file is still also removed in the calling block's finally
clause, just in case, as before. Such double-unlock brought by this
fix is harmless (a no-op).

A new (private) RefDirectory#delete method is introduced to support
this #pack-specific case; other RefDirectory#delete callers remain
untouched.

Change-Id: I47ba1eeb9bcf0cb93d2ed105d84fea2dac756a5a
Signed-off-by: Marco Miller <marco.miller@ericsson.com>

Before this change, jgit used to read packed-refs before scanning
loose refs. That was not a problem if gc didn't run concurrently. When
gc did run concurrently with such refs reading, that order sometimes
broke the latter. This lead to reading an older version of a ref's
tip, which meant "losing" the real tip or commit. The specific
read-Vs-gc concurrency scenario which broke reading that way follows:

1. let ref R be in packed-refs and R' be in loose
2. jgit starts reading packed-refs
3. gc also starts its business around that very time
4. jgit still has the time to read R from packed-refs
5. as gc is not done yet updating packed-refs with R'
6. jgit then starts scanning loose refs (or is about to)
7. gc quickly ends up being done moving loose R' to packed-refs
8. so gc (quickly) removes loose refs
9. -while jgit is scanning loose refs, now gone
10. so jgit assumes no loose to consider => packed-refs winning
11. so jgit wrongfully returns R (from 4.) as the tip, instead of R'.

This fix switches the order so loose refs are scanned (secured) before
taking the time to read packed-refs. This way, knowledge of the
likelier tip is guaranteed for ref reading to return the true tip
- despite concurrent gc. If there is no loose ref to scan, jgit reads
packed-refs and lands on R' (or S), which it then returns, as
expected. The gerrit issue [1] should be solved by this fix.

[1] https://code.google.com/p/gerrit/issues/detail?id=2302

Change-Id: Ibd120120a361a3a6ed565f3836afc1db706fbcdd
Signed-off-by: Marco Miller <marco.miller@ericsson.com>
Signed-off-by: Matthias Sohn <matthias.sohn@sap.com>

When repositories are opened using the RepositoryCache, they are kept in
memory and when the repository usage counter reaches 0, the
Repository.close method is called which then calls close method on its
reference and object databases.

The problem is that RefDirectory.close method was a no-op and the
reference database was kept in memory. This problem is only happening
when opening a repository using the RepositoryCache because it never
evicts repositories, it's just calling the close method.

Change-Id: Iacb961de8e8b1f5b37824bf0d1a4caf4c6f1233f
Signed-off-by: Hugo Arès <hugo.ares@ericsson.com>

Change-Id: Ibc3e2f3372e1a65732dd6d3c71cec53fb1aa15e2
Signed-off-by: David Pursehouse <david.pursehouse@sonymobile.com>

This change fixes all compiler errors in JGit and replaces possible
NPE's with either appropriate exceptions, avoiding multiple "Nullable
return" method calls or early returning from the method.

Change-Id: I24c8a600ec962d61d5f40abf73eac4203e115240
Signed-off-by: Andrey Loskutov <loskutov@gmx.de>

File, FileInputStream and friends may throw FileNotFoundException even
if the file is existing e.g. when file permissions don't allow to access
the file content. In most cases this is a severe error we should not
suppress hence rethrow the FileNotFoundException in this case.

This may also fix bug 451508.

Bug: 451508
Change-Id: If4a94217fb5b7cfd4c04d881902f3e86193c7008
Signed-off-by: Matthias Sohn <matthias.sohn@sap.com>

getRef() loops over its search path to find a ref:

	Ref ref = null;
	for (String prefix : SEARCH_PATH) {
		ref = readRef(prefix + needle, packed);
		if (ref != null) {
			ref = resolve(ref, 0, null, null, packed);
			break;
		}
	}
	fireRefsChanged();
	return ref;

If readRef returns null (indicating that the ref does not exist), the
loop continues so we can find the ref later in the search path.  And
resolve should never return null, so if we return null it should mean
we exhausted the entire search path and didn't find the ref.

... except that resolve can return null: it does so when it has
followed too many symrefs and concluded that there is a symref loop:

	if (MAX_SYMBOLIC_REF_DEPTH <= depth)
		return null; // claim it doesn't exist

Continue the loop instead of returning null immediately.  This makes
the behavior more consistent.

Arguably getRef should throw an exception when a symref loop is
detected.  That would be a more invasive change, so if it's a good
idea it will have to wait for another patch.

Change-Id: Icb1c7fafd4f1e34c9b43538e27ab5bbc17ad9eef
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Nieder <jrn@google.com>

When asked to read a symref pointing to a branch-yet-to-be-born (such
as HEAD in a newly initialized repository), DfsRepository and
FileRepository return different results.

FileRepository:

	exactRef("HEAD") => null

DfsRepository:

	exactRef("HEAD") => SymbolicRef[HEAD -> refs/heads/master=00000000]

getRef("HEAD") returns the same as DfsRepository's exactRef in both
backends.

The intended behavior is the DfsRepository one: exactRef() is supposed
to be like getRef(), but more exact because it doesn't need to
traverse the search path.

The discrepancy is because DfsRefDatabase implements exactRef()
directly with the intended semantics, while RefDirectory uses a
fallback implementation built on top of getRefs().  getRefs() skips
symrefs to an unborn branch.

Override the fallback implementation with a correct implementation
that is similar to getRef() to avoid this.  A followup change will fix
the fallback.

Change-Id: Ic138a5564a099ebf32248d86b93e2de9ab3c94ee
Reported-by: David Pursehouse <david.pursehouse@sonymobile.com>
Improved-by: Christian Halstrick <christian.halstrick@sap.com>
Bug: 478865

Java compiler must generate synthetic access methods for private methods
and fields of the enclosing class if they are accessed from inner
classes and vice versa.

While invisible in the code, those synthetic access methods exist in the
bytecode and seem to produce some extra execution overhead at runtime
(compared with the direct access to this fields or methods), see
https://git.eclipse.org/r/58948/.

By removing the "private" access modifier from affected methods and
fields we help compiler to avoid generation of synthetic access methods
and hope to improve execution performance.

To validate changes, one can either use javap or use Bytecode Outline
plugin in Eclipse. In both cases one should look for "synthetic
access$<number>" methods at the end of the class and inner class files
in question - there should be none.

NB: don't mix this "synthetic access$" methods up with "public synthetic
bridge" methods generated to allow generic method override return types.

Change-Id: If53ec94145bae47b74e2561305afe6098012715c
Signed-off-by: Andrey Loskutov <loskutov@gmx.de>

On a local filesystem the packed-refs file will be orphaned if it is
replaced by another client while the current client is reading the old
one. However, since NFS servers do not keep track of open files, instead
of orphaning the old packed-refs file, such a replacement will cause the
old file to be garbage collected instead.  A stale file handle exception
will be raised on NFS servers if the file is garbage collected (deleted)
on the server while it is being read.  Since we no longer have access to
the old file in these cases, the previous code would just fail. However,
in these cases, reopening the file and rereading it will succeed (since
it will reopen the new replacement file).  So retrying the read is a
viable strategy to deal with stale file handles on the packed-refs file,
implement such a strategy.

Since it is possible that the packed-refs file could be replaced again
while rereading it (multiple consecutive updates can easily occur with
ref deletions), loop on stale file handle exceptions, up to 5 extra
times, trying to read the packed-refs file again, until we either read
the new file, or find that the file no longer exists. The limit of 5 is
arbitrary, and provides a safe upper bounds to prevent infinite loops
consuming resources in a potential unforeseen persistent error
condition.

Change-Id: I085c472bafa6e2f32f610a33ddc8368bb4ab1814
Signed-off-by: Martin Fick<mfick@codeaurora.org>
Signed-off-by: Matthias Sohn <matthias.sohn@sap.com>

There should be no functional change, the logic updated only to make
code simple so that compiler can understand what is going for. Removed
all @SuppressWarnings("null") annotations since they cannot be used if
"org.eclipse.jdt.core.compiler.problem.potentialNullReference" option is
set to the "error" level.

Bug: 470647
Change-Id: Ie93c249fa46e792198d362e531d5cbabaf41fdc4
Signed-off-by: Andrey Loskutov <loskutov@gmx.de>

- use try-with-resource where possible
- replace use of deprecated release() by close()

Change-Id: I0f139c3535679087b7fa09649166bca514750b81
Signed-off-by: Matthias Sohn <matthias.sohn@sap.com>

Allegedly this should improve performance, but I could not see it.

Change-Id: Id2057cb2cfcb46e94ff954483ce23f9c4a7edc5e

This breaks all existing callers once. Applications are not supposed
to build against the internal storage API unless they can accept API
churn and make necessary updates as versions change.

Change-Id: I2ab1327c202ef2003565e1b0770a583970e432e9

A few classes such as Constanrs are marked with @SuppressWarnings, as are
toString() methods with many liternal, but otherwise $NLS-n$ is used for
string containing text that should not be translated. A few literals may
fall into the gray zone, but mostly I've tried to only tag the obvious
ones.

Change-Id: I22e50a77e2bf9e0b842a66bdf674e8fa1692f590

JGit was not able to lookup refs which had the name of files which exist
in the .git folder. When JGit was looking up a ref named X it has a
fixed set of directories where it searched for files named X
(ignore packed refs for now). First directory to search for is .git. In
case of the ref named 'config' it searched there for this file, found it
(it's the .git/config file with the repo configuration in it), parsed
it, found it is an invalid ref and stopped searching. It never looked
for a file .git/refs/heads/config.

I changed JGit in a way that when it finds a file in GIT_DIR which
corresponds to a ref name and if this file doesn't contain a valid ref
then it will ignore the InvalidObjectIdException and continue searching.

Change-Id: Ic26a329fb1624a5b2b2494c78bac4bd76817c100
Bug: 381574
Signed-off-by: Christian Halstrick <christian.halstrick@sap.com>
Signed-off-by: Stefan Lay <stefan.lay@sap.com>

Implements a garbage collector for FileRepositories. Main ideas are
copied from the garbage collector for DFS based repos
(DfsGarbageCollector). Added functionalities are
- pruning loose objects
- handling of the index
- packing refs
- handling of reflogs (objects referenced from reflog will not be
pruned/)

These are features of a GC which are not handled in this change and
which should come with subsequent changes:
- unpacking packed objects into loose objects (to support that pruning
packed objects doesn't delete them until they are older than two weeks)
- expiration of reflogs
- support for configuration parameters (e.g. gc.pruneExpire)

Change-Id: I14ea5cb7e0fd1b5c50b994fd77f4e05bfbb9d911
Signed-off-by: Christian Halstrick <christian.halstrick@sap.com>

Previously if a packed-refs file was racily clean then there
was a 2.5 second window in which each call to getPackedRefs
would increment the mod count causing a RefsChangedEvent to be
fired since the FileSnapshot would report the file as modified.

If a RefsChangedListener called getRef/getRefs from the
onRefsChanged method then a StackOverflowError could occur
since the stack could be exhausted before the 2.5 second
window expired and the packed-refs file would no longer
report being modified.

Now a SHA-1 is computed of the packed-refs file and the
mod count is only incremented when the packed refs are
successfully set and the id of the new packed-refs file
does not match the id of the old packed-refs file.

Change-Id: I8cab6e5929479ed748812b8598c7628370e79697

This extracts the logic for writing to the reflog from
RefDirectory into a new ReflogWriter class.  This class
creates a public API for writing reflog entries similar
to ReflogReader for reading reflog entries.

The new command supports rewriting the stash's log to remove
a configured entry followed by updating the stash ref to
the value at the bottom of the newly written log.

Change-Id: Icfcbc70e838666769a742a94196eb8dc9c7efcc7
Signed-off-by: Chris Aniszczyk <zx@twitter.com>

Change-Id: I763590a45d75f00a09097ab6f89581a3bbd3c797

Bug: 309355
Change-Id: I34a8c251b89abcdb67565ca49bee02e5e2113593
Signe-off-by: Chris Aniszczyk <zx@twitter.com>

This will allows calling classes to handle lock failures
without checking against the message and will also provide
access to the file that could not be locked.

Change-Id: I95bc59e1330a7af71ae3b0485c4516299193f504

A set of ref names like ('a/b' and 'a+b') would cause the RefDirectory
to think that the set of refs have changed because it traversed the
'a' directory in the subtree before looking at 'a+b', but it then
compared with the know refs which are sorted with 'a+b' first.

Fix this by traversing the refs tree in another order. Treat a directory
as if they ends with a '/' before deciding on the order to traverse
the refs tree.

Bug: 348834
Change-Id: I23377f8df00c7252bf27dbcfba5da193c5403917
Signed-off-by: Robin Rosenberg <robin.rosenberg@dewire.com>

RefDirectory was not using FileSnapshot correctly in all places. This
is fixed with this commit. Additionally the constructors for the
different types of refs have been changed to take a FileSnapshot
instead of a modification time.

Change-Id: Ifb6a59e87e8b058a398c38cdfb9d648f0bad4bf8
Signed-off-by: Christian Halstrick <christian.halstrick@sap.com>

Since this change may affect performance and memory consumption on every
access to a loose ref I explicitly made it a RFC to collect opinions.

Previously RefDirectory.scanRef() was not detecting an update of a
loose ref when the update didn't changed the modification time of
the backing file. RefDirectory cached loose refs and the way to detect
outdated cache entries was to compare lastmodification timestamp on the
file representing the ref. If two updates to the same ref happen faster
than the filesystem-timer granularity (for linux this is 2 seconds)
there is the possiblity that we don't detect the update.

Because of this bug EGit's PushOperationTest only works with 2 second
sleeps inside.

This change let RefDirectory use FileSnapshot to detect such situations.
FileSnapshot helps to remember when a file was last read from disk and
therefore enables to decide when to load a file from disk although
modification time has not changed.

Change-Id: I03b9a137af097ec69c4c5e2eaa512d2bdd7fe080
Signed-off-by: Christian Halstrick <christian.halstrick@sap.com>
Signed-off-by: Chris Aniszczyk <caniszczyk@gmail.com>

RefDirectory did not correctly follow the contract of RefList.  The
contract says if you use add() method of RefList builder, you MUST
sort() it afterwards, and later every other method assumes that list
is properly sorted (especially the binary search in the find() and
get() methods).  Instead RefDirectory class tried to scan the refs
recursively while sorting every folder in the process before
processing and did not call sort().

For example, when scanning the contents of refs/tags project1 string
is smaller than project1-*, so it will recursively go into the folder
and add these tags first and only then will add project-* ones. This
will result in a broken list (any project1-* string is less than
project1/* one, but they all appear after them in the list), that's
why binary search will fail making loose RefList and the whole local
RefMap completely unusable.

Change-Id: Ibad90017e3b2435b1396b69a22520db4b1b022bb
Signed-off-by: Shawn O. Pearce <spearce@spearce.org>

Add handling of CHERRY_PICK_HEAD file in .git (similar to MERGE_HEAD),
which is written in case of a conflicting cherry-pick merge.

It is used so that Repository.getRepositoryState can return the new
states CHERRY_PICKING and CHERRY_PICKING_RESOLVED. These states, as well
as CHERRY_PICK_HEAD can be used in EGit to properly show the merge tool.

Also, in case of a conflict, MERGE_MSG is written with the original
commit message and a "Conflicts" section appended. This way, the
cherry-picked message is not lost and can later be re-used in the commit
dialog.

Bug: 339092
Change-Id: I947967fdc2f1d55016c95106b104c2afcc9797a1
Signed-off-by: Robin Stocker <robin@nibor.org>
Signed-off-by: Chris Aniszczyk <caniszczyk@gmail.com>

When reading refs, avoid reading huge files that were put there
accidentally, but still read the top of e.g. FETCH_HEAD, which
may be longer than our limit. We're only interested in the first line
anyway.

Bug: 340880
Change-Id: I11029b9b443f22019bf80bd3dd942b48b531bc11
Signed-off-by: Carsten Pfieffer <carsten.pfeiffer@gebit.de>
Signed-off-by: Chris Aniszczyk <caniszczyk@gmail.com>

There should be a way to explictly refresh the refs cached in the
RefDirectory. Since commit c261b28 (use of FileSnapshot) this is
not needed anymore for storage in the filesystem. But for DHT based
storage an explicit refresh may be needed.

Change-Id: I7d30c3496c05e1fb6e9519f3af9f23c6adb93bf9
Signed-off-by: Christian Halstrick <christian.halstrick@sap.com>

Instead of tracking the length and modification time by hand, rely
on FileSnapshot to tell RefDirectory when the $GIT_DIR/packed-refs
file has been changed or should be re-read from disk.

Change-Id: I067d268dfdca1d39c72dfa536b34e6a239117cc3
Signed-off-by: Shawn O. Pearce <spearce@spearce.org>

Detaching HEAD didn't work in some corner checkout cases.  If, for example,
HEAD is symbolic ref to refs/heads/master, refs/heads/master is ref to commit
c0ffee... then:

    checkout c0ffee...

would leave the HEAD unchanged.

The same symptom occurs when checking out a remote tracking branch or a tag
that references the same commit as refs/heads/master.

In the above case, the RefUpdate class didn't have enough information to decide
if the update needed to detach symbolic ref because it dealt only with new/old
objectIDs. Therefore, this fix introduced the RefUpdate.detachingSymbolicRef
flag.

Bug: 315166
Change-Id: I085c98b77ea8f9104a213978ea0d4ac6fd58f49b
Signed-off-by: Sasa Zivkov <sasa.zivkov@sap.com>

Change-Id: Ic1ceb9c99dca2c69e61ea0ef03ec64f13714b80a
Signed-off-by: Matthias Sohn <matthias.sohn@sap.com>

Change-Id: I1f85890fe718f38ef4b62ebe711f0668267873a2

java.io.File.mkdir() and mkdirs() report failure as an exceptional
return value false. Fix the code which silently ignored this
exceptional return value.

Change-Id: I41244f4b9d66176e68e2c07e2329cf08492f8619
Signed-off-by: Matthias Sohn <matthias.sohn@sap.com>

If core.fsyncRefFiles is set to true, fsync is used whenever a
reference file is updated, ensuring the file contents are also
written to disk.  This can help to prevent empty ref files after
a system crash when using a filesystem such as HFS+ where data
writes may be delayed.

Change-Id: Ie508a974da50f63b0409c38afe68772322dc19f1
Signed-off-by: Shawn O. Pearce <spearce@spearce.org>

RefsDirectory fires a RefsChangedEvent when it detect that one
ref changed (new, modified, deleted). But there was a potential
of wrong events beeing fired leading to a endless loop in EGit.
Problem is that when calling getRefs(ALL) we don't want to report
additional refs and by that we remove the additional refs from
the list of "refs reported upwards last time". We fire an
RefsChangedEvent because we think that the special refs are not
there anymore.
I fixed this by removing eventing for the additional refs. Another
alternative would be to always scan also for additional refs and
put them in the list of refs. But getRefs(ALL) would then remove
the additional refs again. I didn't do that for performance reasons
and also because I am not sure whether we want evnting for
additional refs.

Change-Id: Icb9398b55a8c6bbf03e38f6670feb67754ce91e0
Signed-off-by: Christian Halstrick <christian.halstrick@sap.com>

The RefDirectory class was not returning FETCH_HEAD and
MERGE_HEAD when trying to get all refs via getRefs(RefDatabase.ALL).
This fix adds constants for FETCH_HEAD and ORIG_HEAD and adds a
new getter getAdditionalRefs() to get these additional refs.
To be compatible with c git the getRefs(ALL) method will not return
FETCH_HEAD, MERGE_HEAD and ORIG_HEAD.

Change-Id: Ie114ca92e9d5e7d61d892f4413ade65acdc08c32
Signed-off-by: Christian Halstrick <christian.halstrick@sap.com>

Such events make no sense, it has never been visible to this
process so no client can have a stale value of the ref.

Change-Id: Iea3a5035b0a1410b80b09cf53387b22b78b18018
Signed-off-by: Robin Rosenberg <robin.rosenberg@dewire.com>

LockFile.commit fails if another thread concurrently reads
the base file. The problem is fixed by retrying the rename
operation if it fails.

Change-Id: I6bb76ea7f2e6e90e3ddc45f9dd4d69bd1b6fa1eb
Bug: 308506
Signed-off-by: Jens Baumgart <jens.baumgart@sap.com>

Update a number of calling sites of RevWalk to ensure the walker's
internal ObjectReader is released after the walk is no longer used.
Because the ObjectReader is likely to hold onto a native resource
like an Inflater, we don't want to leak them outside of their
useful scope.

Where possible we also try to share ObjectReaders across several
walk pools, or between a walker and a PackWriter.  This permits
the ObjectReader to actually do some caching if it felt inclined
to do so.

Not everything was updated, we'll probably need to come back and
update even more call sites, but these are some of the biggest
offenders.  Test cases in particular aren't updated.  My plan is to
move most storage-agnostic tests onto some purely in-memory storage
solution that doesn't do compression.

Change-Id: I04087ec79faeea208b19848939898ad7172b6672
Signed-off-by: Shawn O. Pearce <spearce@spearce.org>

This move isolates all of the local file specific implementation code
into a single package, where their package-private methods and support
classes are properly hidden away from the rest of the core library.

Because of the sheer number of files impacted, I have limited this
change to only the renames and the updated imports.

Change-Id: Icca4884e1a418f83f8b617d0c4c78b73d8a4bd17
Signed-off-by: Shawn O. Pearce <spearce@spearce.org>

Replace the old crude event listener system with a much more generic
implementation, patterned after the event dispatch techniques used
in Google Web Toolkit 1.5 and later.

Each event delivers to an interface that defines a single method,
and the event itself is what performs the delivery in a type-safe
way through its own dispatch method.

Listeners are registered in a generic listener list, indexed by
the interface they implement and wish to receive an event for.
Delivery of events is performed by looping through all listeners
implementing the event's corresponding listener interface, and using
the event's own dispatch method to deliver the event.  This is the
classical "double dispatch" pattern for event delivery.

Listeners can be unregistered by invoking remove() on their
registration handle.  This change therefore requires application
code to track the handle if it wishes to remove the listener at a
later point in time.

Event delivery is now exposed as a generic public method on the
Repository class, making it easier for any type of message to
be sent out to any type of listener that has registered, without
needing to pre-arrange for type-safe fireFoo() methods.

New event types can be added in the future simply by defining a
new RepositoryEvent subclass and a corresponding RepositoryListener
interface that it dispatches to.  By always adding new events through
a new interface, we never need to worry about defining an Adapter
to provide default no-op implementations of new event methods.

Change-Id: I651417b3098b9afc93d91085e9f0b2265df8fc81
Signed-off-by: Shawn O. Pearce <spearce@spearce.org>

To support other storage models other than just the local filesystem,
we split the Repository class into a nearly abstract interface and
then create a concrete subclass called FileRepository with the file
based IO implementation.

We are using an abstract class for Repository rather than the much
more generic interface, as implementers will want to inherit a large
array of utility functions, such as resolve(String).  Having these in
a base class makes it easy to inherit them.

This isn't the final home for lib.FileRepository.  Future changes
will rename it into storage.file.FileRepository, but to do that we
need to also move a number of other related class, which we aren't
quite ready to do.

Change-Id: I1bd54ea0500337799a8e792874c272eb14d555f7
Signed-off-by: Shawn O. Pearce <spearce@spearce.org>

Instead of peeling things by hand in application level code, defer
the peeling logic into RevWalk's new peel utility method.

Change-Id: Idabd10dc41502e782f6a2eeb56f09566b97775a8
Signed-off-by: Shawn O. Pearce <spearce@spearce.org>

Rather than relying on the helpers in RepositoryConfig to get
these objects, obtain them directly through the Config API.
Its only slightly more verbose, but permits us to work with the
base Config class, which is more flexible than the highly file
specific RepositoryConfig.

This is what I really meant to do when I added the section parser
and caching support to Config, we just failed to finish updating
all of the call sites.

Change-Id: I481cb365aa00bfa8c21e5ad0cd367ddd9c6c0edd
Signed-off-by: Shawn O. Pearce <spearce@spearce.org>

On Windows, FS_Win32_Cygwin has been used if a Cygwin Git installation
is present in the PATH. Assuming that the user works with the Cygwin
Git installation may result in unnecessary overhead if he actually
does not.

Applications built on top of jgit may have more knowledge on the
actually used Git client (Cygwin or not) and hence should be able to
configure which FS to use accordingly.

Change-Id: Ifc4278078b298781d55cf5421e9647a21fa5db24

The strings are externalized into the root resource bundles.
The resource bundles are stored under the new "resources" source
folder to get proper maven build.

Strings from tests are, in general, not externalized. Only in
cases where it was necessary to make the test pass the strings
were externalized. This was typically necessary in cases where
e.getMessage() was used in assert and the exception message was
slightly changed due to reuse of the externalized strings.

Change-Id: Ic0f29c80b9a54fcec8320d8539a3e112852a1f7b
Signed-off-by: Sasa Zivkov <sasa.zivkov@sap.com>

We can avoid one stat call by trying to perform a directory
listing without checking if the reference File is a directory.
Attempting a directory listing is defined to return. The other
case for null returns from list is when an I/O error occcurs.

Both cases are now intepreted as a possible plain reference. I/O
errors when reading plain references will be handled (ignored)
in scanRef().

Change-Id: I9906ed8c42eab4d6029c781aab87b3b07c1a1d2c
Signed-off-by: Robin Rosenberg <robin.rosenberg@dewire.com>

By using RefUpdate for symbolic reference creation we can reuse
the logic related to updating the reflog with the event, without
needing to expose something such as the legacy ReflogWriter class
(which we no longer have).

Applications using writeSymref must update their code to use the
new pattern of changing the reference through the updateRef method:

    String refName = "refs/heads/master";
    RefUpdate u = repository.updateRef(Constants.HEAD);
    u.setRefLogMessage("checkout: moving to " + refName, false);
    switch (u.link(refName)) {
    case NEW:
    case FORCED:
    case NO_CHANGE:
        // A successful update of the reference
        break;
    default:
        // Handle the failure, e.g. for older behavior
        throw new IOException(u.getResult());
    }

Change-Id: I1093e1ec2970147978a786cfdd0a75d0aebf8010
Signed-off-by: Shawn O. Pearce <spearce@spearce.org>

This commit actually does three major changes to the way references
are handled within JGit.  Unfortunately they were easier to do as
a single massive commit than to break them up into smaller units.

Disambiguate symbolic references:
---------------------------------

  Reporting a symbolic reference such as HEAD as though it were
  any other normal reference like refs/heads/master causes subtle
  programming errors.  We have been bitten by this error on several
  occasions, as have some downstream applications written by myself.

  Instead of reporting HEAD as a reference whose name differs from
  its "original name", report it as an actual SymbolicRef object
  that the application can test the type and examine the target of.

  With this change, Ref is now an abstract type with different
  subclasses for the different types.

  In the classical example of "HEAD" being a symbolic reference to
  branch "refs/heads/master", the Repository.getAllRefs() method
  will now return:

      Map<String, Ref> all = repository.getAllRefs();
      SymbolicRef HEAD = (SymbolicRef) all.get("HEAD");
      ObjectIdRef master = (ObjectIdRef) all.get("refs/heads/master");

      assertSame(master,               HEAD.getTarget());
      assertSame(master.getObjectId(), HEAD.getObjectId());

      assertEquals("HEAD",              HEAD.getName());
      assertEquals("refs/heads/master", master.getName());

  A nice side-effect of this change is the storage type of the
  symbolic reference is no longer ambiguous with the storge type
  of the underlying reference it targets.  In the above example,
  if master was only available in the packed-refs file, then the
  following is also true:

      assertSame(Ref.Storage.LOOSE,  HEAD.getStorage());
      assertSame(Ref.Storage.PACKED, master.getStorage());

  (Prior to this change we returned the ambiguous storage of
   LOOSE_PACKED for HEAD, which was confusing since it wasn't
   actually true on disk).

  Another nice side-effect of this change is all intermediate
  symbolic references are preserved, and are therefore visible
  to the application when they walk the target chain.  We can
  now correctly inspect chains of symbolic references.

  As a result of this change the Ref.getOrigName() method has been
  removed from the API.  Applications should identify a symbolic
  reference by testing for isSymbolic() and not by using an arcane
  string comparsion between properties.

Abstract the RefDatabase storage:
---------------------------------

  RefDatabase is now abstract, similar to ObjectDatabase, and a
  new concrete implementation called RefDirectory is used for the
  traditional on-disk storage layout.  In the future we plan to
  support additional implementations, such as a pure in-memory
  RefDatabase for unit testing purposes.

Optimize RefDirectory:
----------------------

  The implementation of the in-memory reference cache, reading, and
  update routines has been completely rewritten.  Much of the code
  was heavily borrowed or cribbed from the prior implementation,
  so copyright notices have been left intact as much as possible.

  The RefDirectory cache no longer confuses symbolic references
  with normal references.  This permits the cache to resolve the
  value of a symbolic reference as late as possible, ensuring it
  is always current, without needing to maintain reverse pointers.

  The cache is now 2 sorted RefLists, rather than 3 HashMaps.
  Using sorted lists allows the implementation to reduce the
  in-memory footprint when storing many refs.  Using specialized
  types for the elements allows the code to avoid additional map
  lookups for auxiliary stat information.

  To improve scan time during getRefs(), the lists are returned via
  a copy-on-write contract.  Most callers of getRefs() do not modify
  the returned collections, so the copy-on-write semantics improves
  access on repositories with a large number of packed references.

  Iterator traversals of the returned Map<String,Ref> are performed
  using a simple merge-join of the two cache lists, ensuring we can
  perform the entire traversal in linear time as a function of the
  number of references: O(PackedRefs + LooseRefs).

  Scans of the loose reference space to update the cache run in
  O(LooseRefs log LooseRefs) time, as the directory contents
  are sorted before being merged against the in-memory cache.
  Since the majority of stable references are kept packed, there
  typically are only a handful of reference names to be sorted,
  so the sorting cost should not be very high.

  Locking is reduced during getRefs() by taking advantage of the
  copy-on-write semantics of the improved cache data structure.
  This permits concurrent readers to pull back references without
  blocking each other.  If there is contention updating the cache
  during a scan, one or more updates are simply skipped and will
  get picked up again in a future scan.

  Writing to the $GIT_DIR/packed-refs during reference delete is
  now fully atomic.  The file is locked, reparsed fresh, and written
  back out if a change is necessary.  This avoids all race conditions
  with concurrent external updates of the packed-refs file.

  The RefLogWriter class has been fully folded into RefDirectory
  and is therefore deleted.  Maintaining the reference's log is
  the responsiblity of the database implementation, and not all
  implementations will use java.io for access.

  Future work still remains to be done to abstract the ReflogReader
  class away from local disk IO.

Change-Id: I26b9287c45a4b2d2be35ba2849daa316f5eec85d
Signed-off-by: Shawn O. Pearce <spearce@spearce.org>