jgit/org.eclipse.jgit/src/org/eclipse/jgit/lib/ObjectChecker.java

/*
 * Copyright (C) 2008-2010, Google Inc.
 * Copyright (C) 2008, Shawn O. Pearce <spearce@spearce.org> and others
 *
 * This program and the accompanying materials are made available under the
 * terms of the Eclipse Distribution License v. 1.0 which is available at
 * https://www.eclipse.org/org/documents/edl-v10.php.
 *
 * SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
 */

package org.eclipse.jgit.lib;

import static org.eclipse.jgit.lib.Constants.DOT_GIT_MODULES;
import static org.eclipse.jgit.lib.Constants.OBJECT_ID_LENGTH;
import static org.eclipse.jgit.lib.Constants.OBJECT_ID_STRING_LENGTH;
import static org.eclipse.jgit.lib.Constants.OBJ_BAD;
import static org.eclipse.jgit.lib.Constants.OBJ_BLOB;
import static org.eclipse.jgit.lib.Constants.OBJ_COMMIT;
import static org.eclipse.jgit.lib.Constants.OBJ_TAG;
import static org.eclipse.jgit.lib.Constants.OBJ_TREE;
import static org.eclipse.jgit.lib.ObjectChecker.ErrorType.BAD_DATE;
import static org.eclipse.jgit.lib.ObjectChecker.ErrorType.BAD_EMAIL;
import static org.eclipse.jgit.lib.ObjectChecker.ErrorType.BAD_OBJECT_SHA1;
import static org.eclipse.jgit.lib.ObjectChecker.ErrorType.BAD_PARENT_SHA1;
import static org.eclipse.jgit.lib.ObjectChecker.ErrorType.BAD_TIMEZONE;
import static org.eclipse.jgit.lib.ObjectChecker.ErrorType.BAD_TREE_SHA1;
import static org.eclipse.jgit.lib.ObjectChecker.ErrorType.BAD_UTF8;
import static org.eclipse.jgit.lib.ObjectChecker.ErrorType.DUPLICATE_ENTRIES;
import static org.eclipse.jgit.lib.ObjectChecker.ErrorType.EMPTY_NAME;
import static org.eclipse.jgit.lib.ObjectChecker.ErrorType.FULL_PATHNAME;
import static org.eclipse.jgit.lib.ObjectChecker.ErrorType.HAS_DOT;
import static org.eclipse.jgit.lib.ObjectChecker.ErrorType.HAS_DOTDOT;
import static org.eclipse.jgit.lib.ObjectChecker.ErrorType.HAS_DOTGIT;
import static org.eclipse.jgit.lib.ObjectChecker.ErrorType.MISSING_AUTHOR;
import static org.eclipse.jgit.lib.ObjectChecker.ErrorType.MISSING_COMMITTER;
import static org.eclipse.jgit.lib.ObjectChecker.ErrorType.MISSING_EMAIL;
import static org.eclipse.jgit.lib.ObjectChecker.ErrorType.MISSING_OBJECT;
import static org.eclipse.jgit.lib.ObjectChecker.ErrorType.MISSING_SPACE_BEFORE_DATE;
import static org.eclipse.jgit.lib.ObjectChecker.ErrorType.MISSING_TAG_ENTRY;
import static org.eclipse.jgit.lib.ObjectChecker.ErrorType.MISSING_TREE;
import static org.eclipse.jgit.lib.ObjectChecker.ErrorType.MISSING_TYPE_ENTRY;
import static org.eclipse.jgit.lib.ObjectChecker.ErrorType.NULL_SHA1;
import static org.eclipse.jgit.lib.ObjectChecker.ErrorType.TREE_NOT_SORTED;
import static org.eclipse.jgit.lib.ObjectChecker.ErrorType.UNKNOWN_TYPE;
import static org.eclipse.jgit.lib.ObjectChecker.ErrorType.WIN32_BAD_NAME;
import static org.eclipse.jgit.lib.ObjectChecker.ErrorType.ZERO_PADDED_FILEMODE;
import static org.eclipse.jgit.util.Paths.compare;
import static org.eclipse.jgit.util.Paths.compareSameName;
import static org.eclipse.jgit.util.RawParseUtils.nextLF;
import static org.eclipse.jgit.util.RawParseUtils.parseBase10;

import java.text.MessageFormat;
import java.text.Normalizer;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.EnumSet;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Locale;
import java.util.Set;

import org.eclipse.jgit.annotations.NonNull;
import org.eclipse.jgit.annotations.Nullable;
import org.eclipse.jgit.errors.CorruptObjectException;
import org.eclipse.jgit.internal.JGitText;
import org.eclipse.jgit.util.MutableInteger;
import org.eclipse.jgit.util.RawParseUtils;
import org.eclipse.jgit.util.StringUtils;

/**
 * Verifies that an object is formatted correctly.
 * <p>
 * Verifications made by this class only check that the fields of an object are
 * formatted correctly. The ObjectId checksum of the object is not verified, and
 * connectivity links between objects are also not verified. Its assumed that
 * the caller can provide both of these validations on its own.
 * <p>
 * Instances of this class are not thread safe, but they may be reused to
 * perform multiple object validations, calling {@link #reset()} between them to
 * clear the internal state (e.g. {@link #getGitsubmodules()})
 */
public class ObjectChecker {
	/** Header "tree " */
	public static final byte[] tree = Constants.encodeASCII("tree "); //$NON-NLS-1$

	/** Header "parent " */
	public static final byte[] parent = Constants.encodeASCII("parent "); //$NON-NLS-1$

	/** Header "author " */
	public static final byte[] author = Constants.encodeASCII("author "); //$NON-NLS-1$

	/** Header "committer " */
	public static final byte[] committer = Constants.encodeASCII("committer "); //$NON-NLS-1$

	/** Header "encoding " */
	public static final byte[] encoding = Constants.encodeASCII("encoding "); //$NON-NLS-1$

	/** Header "object " */
	public static final byte[] object = Constants.encodeASCII("object "); //$NON-NLS-1$

	/** Header "type " */
	public static final byte[] type = Constants.encodeASCII("type "); //$NON-NLS-1$

	/** Header "tag " */
	public static final byte[] tag = Constants.encodeASCII("tag "); //$NON-NLS-1$

	/** Header "tagger " */
	public static final byte[] tagger = Constants.encodeASCII("tagger "); //$NON-NLS-1$

	/** Path ".gitmodules" */
	private static final byte[] dotGitmodules = Constants.encodeASCII(DOT_GIT_MODULES);

	/**
	 * Potential issues identified by the checker.
	 *
	 * @since 4.2
	 */
	public enum ErrorType {
		// @formatter:off
		// These names match git-core so that fsck section keys also match.
		/***/ NULL_SHA1,
		/***/ DUPLICATE_ENTRIES,
		/***/ TREE_NOT_SORTED,
		/***/ ZERO_PADDED_FILEMODE,
		/***/ EMPTY_NAME,
		/***/ FULL_PATHNAME,
		/***/ HAS_DOT,
		/***/ HAS_DOTDOT,
		/***/ HAS_DOTGIT,
		/***/ BAD_OBJECT_SHA1,
		/***/ BAD_PARENT_SHA1,
		/***/ BAD_TREE_SHA1,
		/***/ MISSING_AUTHOR,
		/***/ MISSING_COMMITTER,
		/***/ MISSING_OBJECT,
		/***/ MISSING_TREE,
		/***/ MISSING_TYPE_ENTRY,
		/***/ MISSING_TAG_ENTRY,
		/***/ BAD_DATE,
		/***/ BAD_EMAIL,
		/***/ BAD_TIMEZONE,
		/***/ MISSING_EMAIL,
		/***/ MISSING_SPACE_BEFORE_DATE,
		/** @since 5.2 */ GITMODULES_BLOB,
		/** @since 5.2 */ GITMODULES_LARGE,
		/** @since 5.2 */ GITMODULES_NAME,
		/** @since 5.2 */ GITMODULES_PARSE,
		/** @since 5.2 */ GITMODULES_PATH,
		/** @since 5.2 */ GITMODULES_SYMLINK,
		/** @since 5.2 */ GITMODULES_URL,
		/***/ UNKNOWN_TYPE,

		// These are unique to JGit.
		/***/ WIN32_BAD_NAME,
		/***/ BAD_UTF8;
		// @formatter:on

		/** @return camelCaseVersion of the name. */
		public String getMessageId() {
			String n = name();
			StringBuilder r = new StringBuilder(n.length());
			for (int i = 0; i < n.length(); i++) {
				char c = n.charAt(i);
				if (c != '_') {
					r.append(StringUtils.toLowerCase(c));
				} else {
					r.append(n.charAt(++i));
				}
			}
			return r.toString();
		}
	}

	private final MutableObjectId tempId = new MutableObjectId();
	private final MutableInteger bufPtr = new MutableInteger();

	private EnumSet<ErrorType> errors = EnumSet.allOf(ErrorType.class);
	private ObjectIdSet skipList;
	private boolean allowInvalidPersonIdent;
	private boolean windows;
	private boolean macosx;

	private final List<GitmoduleEntry> gitsubmodules = new ArrayList<>();

	/**
	 * Enable accepting specific malformed (but not horribly broken) objects.
	 *
	 * @param objects
	 *            collection of object names known to be broken in a non-fatal
	 *            way that should be ignored by the checker.
	 * @return {@code this}
	 * @since 4.2
	 */
	public ObjectChecker setSkipList(@Nullable ObjectIdSet objects) {
		skipList = objects;
		return this;
	}

	/**
	 * Configure error types to be ignored across all objects.
	 *
	 * @param ids
	 *            error types to ignore. The caller's set is copied.
	 * @return {@code this}
	 * @since 4.2
	 */
	public ObjectChecker setIgnore(@Nullable Set<ErrorType> ids) {
		errors = EnumSet.allOf(ErrorType.class);
		if (ids != null) {
			errors.removeAll(ids);
		}
		return this;
	}

	/**
	 * Add message type to be ignored across all objects.
	 *
	 * @param id
	 *            error type to ignore.
	 * @param ignore
	 *            true to ignore this error; false to treat the error as an
	 *            error and throw.
	 * @return {@code this}
	 * @since 4.2
	 */
	public ObjectChecker setIgnore(ErrorType id, boolean ignore) {
		if (ignore) {
			errors.remove(id);
		} else {
			errors.add(id);
		}
		return this;
	}

	/**
	 * Enable accepting leading zero mode in tree entries.
	 * <p>
	 * Some broken Git libraries generated leading zeros in the mode part of
	 * tree entries. This is technically incorrect but gracefully allowed by
	 * git-core. JGit rejects such trees by default, but may need to accept
	 * them on broken histories.
	 * <p>
	 * Same as {@code setIgnore(ZERO_PADDED_FILEMODE, allow)}.
	 *
	 * @param allow allow leading zero mode.
	 * @return {@code this}.
	 * @since 3.4
	 */
	public ObjectChecker setAllowLeadingZeroFileMode(boolean allow) {
		return setIgnore(ZERO_PADDED_FILEMODE, allow);
	}

	/**
	 * Enable accepting invalid author, committer and tagger identities.
	 * <p>
	 * Some broken Git versions/libraries allowed users to create commits and
	 * tags with invalid formatting between the name, email and timestamp.
	 *
	 * @param allow
	 *            if true accept invalid person identity strings.
	 * @return {@code this}.
	 * @since 4.0
	 */
	public ObjectChecker setAllowInvalidPersonIdent(boolean allow) {
		allowInvalidPersonIdent = allow;
		return this;
	}

	/**
	 * Restrict trees to only names legal on Windows platforms.
	 * <p>
	 * Also rejects any mixed case forms of reserved names ({@code .git}).
	 *
	 * @param win true if Windows name checking should be performed.
	 * @return {@code this}.
	 * @since 3.4
	 */
	public ObjectChecker setSafeForWindows(boolean win) {
		windows = win;
		return this;
	}

	/**
	 * Restrict trees to only names legal on Mac OS X platforms.
	 * <p>
	 * Rejects any mixed case forms of reserved names ({@code .git})
	 * for users working on HFS+ in case-insensitive (default) mode.
	 *
	 * @param mac true if Mac OS X name checking should be performed.
	 * @return {@code this}.
	 * @since 3.4
	 */
	public ObjectChecker setSafeForMacOS(boolean mac) {
		macosx = mac;
		return this;
	}

	/**
	 * Check an object for parsing errors.
	 *
	 * @param objType
	 *            type of the object. Must be a valid object type code in
	 *            {@link org.eclipse.jgit.lib.Constants}.
	 * @param raw
	 *            the raw data which comprises the object. This should be in the
	 *            canonical format (that is the format used to generate the
	 *            ObjectId of the object). The array is never modified.
	 * @throws org.eclipse.jgit.errors.CorruptObjectException
	 *             if an error is identified.
	 */
	public void check(int objType, byte[] raw)
			throws CorruptObjectException {
		check(idFor(objType, raw), objType, raw);
	}

	/**
	 * Check an object for parsing errors.
	 *
	 * @param id
	 *            identify of the object being checked.
	 * @param objType
	 *            type of the object. Must be a valid object type code in
	 *            {@link org.eclipse.jgit.lib.Constants}.
	 * @param raw
	 *            the raw data which comprises the object. This should be in the
	 *            canonical format (that is the format used to generate the
	 *            ObjectId of the object). The array is never modified.
	 * @throws org.eclipse.jgit.errors.CorruptObjectException
	 *             if an error is identified.
	 * @since 4.2
	 */
	public void check(@Nullable AnyObjectId id, int objType, byte[] raw)
			throws CorruptObjectException {
		switch (objType) {
		case OBJ_COMMIT:
			checkCommit(id, raw);
			break;
		case OBJ_TAG:
			checkTag(id, raw);
			break;
		case OBJ_TREE:
			checkTree(id, raw);
			break;
		case OBJ_BLOB:
			BlobObjectChecker checker = newBlobObjectChecker();
			if (checker == null) {
				checkBlob(raw);
			} else {
				checker.update(raw, 0, raw.length);
				checker.endBlob(id);
			}
			break;
		default:
			report(UNKNOWN_TYPE, id, MessageFormat.format(
					JGitText.get().corruptObjectInvalidType2,
					Integer.valueOf(objType)));
		}
	}

	private boolean checkId(byte[] raw) {
		int p = bufPtr.value;
		try {
			tempId.fromString(raw, p);
		} catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
			bufPtr.value = nextLF(raw, p);
			return false;
		}

		p += OBJECT_ID_STRING_LENGTH;
		if (raw[p] == '\n') {
			bufPtr.value = p + 1;
			return true;
		}
		bufPtr.value = nextLF(raw, p);
		return false;
	}

	private void checkPersonIdent(byte[] raw, @Nullable AnyObjectId id)
			throws CorruptObjectException {
		if (allowInvalidPersonIdent) {
			bufPtr.value = nextLF(raw, bufPtr.value);
			return;
		}

		final int emailB = nextLF(raw, bufPtr.value, '<');
		if (emailB == bufPtr.value || raw[emailB - 1] != '<') {
			report(MISSING_EMAIL, id, JGitText.get().corruptObjectMissingEmail);
			bufPtr.value = nextLF(raw, bufPtr.value);
			return;
		}

		final int emailE = nextLF(raw, emailB, '>');
		if (emailE == emailB || raw[emailE - 1] != '>') {
			report(BAD_EMAIL, id, JGitText.get().corruptObjectBadEmail);
			bufPtr.value = nextLF(raw, bufPtr.value);
			return;
		}
		if (emailE == raw.length || raw[emailE] != ' ') {
			report(MISSING_SPACE_BEFORE_DATE, id,
					JGitText.get().corruptObjectBadDate);
			bufPtr.value = nextLF(raw, bufPtr.value);
			return;
		}

		parseBase10(raw, emailE + 1, bufPtr); // when
		if (emailE + 1 == bufPtr.value || bufPtr.value == raw.length
				|| raw[bufPtr.value] != ' ') {
			report(BAD_DATE, id, JGitText.get().corruptObjectBadDate);
			bufPtr.value = nextLF(raw, bufPtr.value);
			return;
		}

		int p = bufPtr.value + 1;
		parseBase10(raw, p, bufPtr); // tz offset
		if (p == bufPtr.value) {
			report(BAD_TIMEZONE, id, JGitText.get().corruptObjectBadTimezone);
			bufPtr.value = nextLF(raw, bufPtr.value);
			return;
		}

		p = bufPtr.value;
		if (raw[p] == '\n') {
			bufPtr.value = p + 1;
		} else {
			report(BAD_TIMEZONE, id, JGitText.get().corruptObjectBadTimezone);
			bufPtr.value = nextLF(raw, p);
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Check a commit for errors.
	 *
	 * @param raw
	 *            the commit data. The array is never modified.
	 * @throws org.eclipse.jgit.errors.CorruptObjectException
	 *             if any error was detected.
	 */
	public void checkCommit(byte[] raw) throws CorruptObjectException {
		checkCommit(idFor(OBJ_COMMIT, raw), raw);
	}

	/**
	 * Check a commit for errors.
	 *
	 * @param id
	 *            identity of the object being checked.
	 * @param raw
	 *            the commit data. The array is never modified.
	 * @throws org.eclipse.jgit.errors.CorruptObjectException
	 *             if any error was detected.
	 * @since 4.2
	 */
	public void checkCommit(@Nullable AnyObjectId id, byte[] raw)
			throws CorruptObjectException {
		bufPtr.value = 0;

		if (!match(raw, tree)) {
			report(MISSING_TREE, id, JGitText.get().corruptObjectNotreeHeader);
		} else if (!checkId(raw)) {
			report(BAD_TREE_SHA1, id, JGitText.get().corruptObjectInvalidTree);
		}

		while (match(raw, parent)) {
			if (!checkId(raw)) {
				report(BAD_PARENT_SHA1, id,
						JGitText.get().corruptObjectInvalidParent);
			}
		}

		if (match(raw, author)) {
			checkPersonIdent(raw, id);
		} else {
			report(MISSING_AUTHOR, id, JGitText.get().corruptObjectNoAuthor);
		}

		if (match(raw, committer)) {
			checkPersonIdent(raw, id);
		} else {
			report(MISSING_COMMITTER, id,
					JGitText.get().corruptObjectNoCommitter);
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Check an annotated tag for errors.
	 *
	 * @param raw
	 *            the tag data. The array is never modified.
	 * @throws org.eclipse.jgit.errors.CorruptObjectException
	 *             if any error was detected.
	 */
	public void checkTag(byte[] raw) throws CorruptObjectException {
		checkTag(idFor(OBJ_TAG, raw), raw);
	}

	/**
	 * Check an annotated tag for errors.
	 *
	 * @param id
	 *            identity of the object being checked.
	 * @param raw
	 *            the tag data. The array is never modified.
	 * @throws org.eclipse.jgit.errors.CorruptObjectException
	 *             if any error was detected.
	 * @since 4.2
	 */
	public void checkTag(@Nullable AnyObjectId id, byte[] raw)
			throws CorruptObjectException {
		bufPtr.value = 0;
		if (!match(raw, object)) {
			report(MISSING_OBJECT, id,
					JGitText.get().corruptObjectNoObjectHeader);
		} else if (!checkId(raw)) {
			report(BAD_OBJECT_SHA1, id,
					JGitText.get().corruptObjectInvalidObject);
		}

		if (!match(raw, type)) {
			report(MISSING_TYPE_ENTRY, id,
					JGitText.get().corruptObjectNoTypeHeader);
		}
		bufPtr.value = nextLF(raw, bufPtr.value);

		if (!match(raw, tag)) {
			report(MISSING_TAG_ENTRY, id,
					JGitText.get().corruptObjectNoTagHeader);
		}
		bufPtr.value = nextLF(raw, bufPtr.value);

		if (match(raw, tagger)) {
			checkPersonIdent(raw, id);
		}
	}

	private static boolean duplicateName(final byte[] raw,
			final int thisNamePos, final int thisNameEnd) {
		final int sz = raw.length;
		int nextPtr = thisNameEnd + 1 + Constants.OBJECT_ID_LENGTH;
		for (;;) {
			int nextMode = 0;
			for (;;) {
				if (nextPtr >= sz)
					return false;
				final byte c = raw[nextPtr++];
				if (' ' == c)
					break;
				nextMode <<= 3;
				nextMode += c - '0';
			}

			final int nextNamePos = nextPtr;
			for (;;) {
				if (nextPtr == sz)
					return false;
				final byte c = raw[nextPtr++];
				if (c == 0)
					break;
			}
			if (nextNamePos + 1 == nextPtr)
				return false;

			int cmp = compareSameName(
					raw, thisNamePos, thisNameEnd,
					raw, nextNamePos, nextPtr - 1, nextMode);
			if (cmp < 0)
				return false;
			else if (cmp == 0)
				return true;

			nextPtr += Constants.OBJECT_ID_LENGTH;
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Check a canonical formatted tree for errors.
	 *
	 * @param raw
	 *            the raw tree data. The array is never modified.
	 * @throws org.eclipse.jgit.errors.CorruptObjectException
	 *             if any error was detected.
	 */
	public void checkTree(byte[] raw) throws CorruptObjectException {
		checkTree(idFor(OBJ_TREE, raw), raw);
	}

	/**
	 * Check a canonical formatted tree for errors.
	 *
	 * @param id
	 *            identity of the object being checked.
	 * @param raw
	 *            the raw tree data. The array is never modified.
	 * @throws org.eclipse.jgit.errors.CorruptObjectException
	 *             if any error was detected.
	 * @since 4.2
	 */
	public void checkTree(@Nullable AnyObjectId id, byte[] raw)
			throws CorruptObjectException {
		final int sz = raw.length;
		int ptr = 0;
		int lastNameB = 0, lastNameE = 0, lastMode = 0;
		Set<String> normalized = windows || macosx
				? new HashSet<>()
				: null;

		while (ptr < sz) {
			int thisMode = 0;
			for (;;) {
				if (ptr == sz) {
					throw new CorruptObjectException(
							JGitText.get().corruptObjectTruncatedInMode);
				}
				final byte c = raw[ptr++];
				if (' ' == c)
					break;
				if (c < '0' || c > '7') {
					throw new CorruptObjectException(
							JGitText.get().corruptObjectInvalidModeChar);
				}
				if (thisMode == 0 && c == '0') {
					report(ZERO_PADDED_FILEMODE, id,
							JGitText.get().corruptObjectInvalidModeStartsZero);
				}
				thisMode <<= 3;
				thisMode += c - '0';
			}

			if (FileMode.fromBits(thisMode).getObjectType() == OBJ_BAD) {
				throw new CorruptObjectException(MessageFormat.format(
						JGitText.get().corruptObjectInvalidMode2,
						Integer.valueOf(thisMode)));
			}

			final int thisNameB = ptr;
			ptr = scanPathSegment(raw, ptr, sz, id);
			if (ptr == sz || raw[ptr] != 0) {
				throw new CorruptObjectException(
						JGitText.get().corruptObjectTruncatedInName);
			}
			checkPathSegment2(raw, thisNameB, ptr, id);
			if (normalized != null) {
				if (!normalized.add(normalize(raw, thisNameB, ptr))) {
					report(DUPLICATE_ENTRIES, id,
							JGitText.get().corruptObjectDuplicateEntryNames);
				}
			} else if (duplicateName(raw, thisNameB, ptr)) {
				report(DUPLICATE_ENTRIES, id,
						JGitText.get().corruptObjectDuplicateEntryNames);
			}

			if (lastNameB != 0) {
				int cmp = compare(
						raw, lastNameB, lastNameE, lastMode,
						raw, thisNameB, ptr, thisMode);
				if (cmp > 0) {
					report(TREE_NOT_SORTED, id,
							JGitText.get().corruptObjectIncorrectSorting);
				}
			}

			lastNameB = thisNameB;
			lastNameE = ptr;
			lastMode = thisMode;

			ptr += 1 + OBJECT_ID_LENGTH;
			if (ptr > sz) {
				throw new CorruptObjectException(
						JGitText.get().corruptObjectTruncatedInObjectId);
			}

			if (ObjectId.zeroId().compareTo(raw, ptr - OBJECT_ID_LENGTH) == 0) {
				report(NULL_SHA1, id, JGitText.get().corruptObjectZeroId);
			}

			if (id != null && isGitmodules(raw, lastNameB, lastNameE, id)) {
				ObjectId blob = ObjectId.fromRaw(raw, ptr - OBJECT_ID_LENGTH);
				gitsubmodules.add(new GitmoduleEntry(id, blob));
			}
		}
	}

	private int scanPathSegment(byte[] raw, int ptr, int end,
			@Nullable AnyObjectId id) throws CorruptObjectException {
		for (; ptr < end; ptr++) {
			byte c = raw[ptr];
			if (c == 0) {
				return ptr;
			}
			if (c == '/') {
				report(FULL_PATHNAME, id,
						JGitText.get().corruptObjectNameContainsSlash);
			}
			if (windows && isInvalidOnWindows(c)) {
				if (c > 31) {
					throw new CorruptObjectException(String.format(
							JGitText.get().corruptObjectNameContainsChar,
							Byte.valueOf(c)));
				}
				throw new CorruptObjectException(String.format(
						JGitText.get().corruptObjectNameContainsByte,
						Integer.valueOf(c & 0xff)));
			}
		}
		return ptr;
	}

	@Nullable
	private ObjectId idFor(int objType, byte[] raw) {
		if (skipList != null) {
			try (ObjectInserter.Formatter fmt = new ObjectInserter.Formatter()) {
				return fmt.idFor(objType, raw);
			}
		}
		return null;
	}

	private void report(@NonNull ErrorType err, @Nullable AnyObjectId id,
			String why) throws CorruptObjectException {
		if (errors.contains(err)
				&& (id == null || skipList == null || !skipList.contains(id))) {
			if (id != null) {
				throw new CorruptObjectException(err, id, why);
			}
			throw new CorruptObjectException(why);
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Check tree path entry for validity.
	 * <p>
	 * Unlike {@link #checkPathSegment(byte[], int, int)}, this version scans a
	 * multi-directory path string such as {@code "src/main.c"}.
	 *
	 * @param path
	 *            path string to scan.
	 * @throws org.eclipse.jgit.errors.CorruptObjectException
	 *             path is invalid.
	 * @since 3.6
	 */
	public void checkPath(String path) throws CorruptObjectException {
		byte[] buf = Constants.encode(path);
		checkPath(buf, 0, buf.length);
	}

	/**
	 * Check tree path entry for validity.
	 * <p>
	 * Unlike {@link #checkPathSegment(byte[], int, int)}, this version scans a
	 * multi-directory path string such as {@code "src/main.c"}.
	 *
	 * @param raw
	 *            buffer to scan.
	 * @param ptr
	 *            offset to first byte of the name.
	 * @param end
	 *            offset to one past last byte of name.
	 * @throws org.eclipse.jgit.errors.CorruptObjectException
	 *             path is invalid.
	 * @since 3.6
	 */
	public void checkPath(byte[] raw, int ptr, int end)
			throws CorruptObjectException {
		int start = ptr;
		for (; ptr < end; ptr++) {
			if (raw[ptr] == '/') {
				checkPathSegment(raw, start, ptr);
				start = ptr + 1;
			}
		}
		checkPathSegment(raw, start, end);
	}

	/**
	 * Check tree path entry for validity.
	 *
	 * @param raw
	 *            buffer to scan.
	 * @param ptr
	 *            offset to first byte of the name.
	 * @param end
	 *            offset to one past last byte of name.
	 * @throws org.eclipse.jgit.errors.CorruptObjectException
	 *             name is invalid.
	 * @since 3.4
	 */
	public void checkPathSegment(byte[] raw, int ptr, int end)
			throws CorruptObjectException {
		int e = scanPathSegment(raw, ptr, end, null);
		if (e < end && raw[e] == 0)
			throw new CorruptObjectException(
					JGitText.get().corruptObjectNameContainsNullByte);
		checkPathSegment2(raw, ptr, end, null);
	}

	private void checkPathSegment2(byte[] raw, int ptr, int end,
			@Nullable AnyObjectId id) throws CorruptObjectException {
		if (ptr == end) {
			report(EMPTY_NAME, id, JGitText.get().corruptObjectNameZeroLength);
			return;
		}

		if (raw[ptr] == '.') {
			switch (end - ptr) {
			case 1:
				report(HAS_DOT, id, JGitText.get().corruptObjectNameDot);
				break;
			case 2:
				if (raw[ptr + 1] == '.') {
					report(HAS_DOTDOT, id,
							JGitText.get().corruptObjectNameDotDot);
				}
				break;
			case 4:
				if (isGit(raw, ptr + 1)) {
					report(HAS_DOTGIT, id, String.format(
							JGitText.get().corruptObjectInvalidName,
							RawParseUtils.decode(raw, ptr, end)));
				}
				break;
			default:
				if (end - ptr > 4 && isNormalizedGit(raw, ptr + 1, end)) {
					report(HAS_DOTGIT, id, String.format(
							JGitText.get().corruptObjectInvalidName,
							RawParseUtils.decode(raw, ptr, end)));
				}
			}
		} else if (isGitTilde1(raw, ptr, end)) {
			report(HAS_DOTGIT, id, String.format(
					JGitText.get().corruptObjectInvalidName,
					RawParseUtils.decode(raw, ptr, end)));
		}
		if (macosx && isMacHFSGit(raw, ptr, end, id)) {
			report(HAS_DOTGIT, id, String.format(
					JGitText.get().corruptObjectInvalidNameIgnorableUnicode,
					RawParseUtils.decode(raw, ptr, end)));
		}

		if (windows) {
			// Windows ignores space and dot at end of file name.
			if (raw[end - 1] == ' ' || raw[end - 1] == '.') {
				report(WIN32_BAD_NAME, id, String.format(
						JGitText.get().corruptObjectInvalidNameEnd,
						Character.valueOf(((char) raw[end - 1]))));
			}
			if (end - ptr >= 3) {
				checkNotWindowsDevice(raw, ptr, end, id);
			}
		}
	}

	// Mac's HFS+ folds permutations of ".git" and Unicode ignorable characters
	// to ".git" therefore we should prevent such names
	private boolean isMacHFSPath(byte[] raw, int ptr, int end, byte[] path,
			@Nullable AnyObjectId id) throws CorruptObjectException {
		boolean ignorable = false;
		int g = 0;
		while (ptr < end) {
			switch (raw[ptr]) {
			case (byte) 0xe2: // http://www.utf8-chartable.de/unicode-utf8-table.pl?start=8192
				if (!checkTruncatedIgnorableUTF8(raw, ptr, end, id)) {
					return false;
				}
				switch (raw[ptr + 1]) {
				case (byte) 0x80:
					switch (raw[ptr + 2]) {
					case (byte) 0x8c:	// U+200C 0xe2808c ZERO WIDTH NON-JOINER
					case (byte) 0x8d:	// U+200D 0xe2808d ZERO WIDTH JOINER
					case (byte) 0x8e:	// U+200E 0xe2808e LEFT-TO-RIGHT MARK
					case (byte) 0x8f:	// U+200F 0xe2808f RIGHT-TO-LEFT MARK
					case (byte) 0xaa:	// U+202A 0xe280aa LEFT-TO-RIGHT EMBEDDING
					case (byte) 0xab:	// U+202B 0xe280ab RIGHT-TO-LEFT EMBEDDING
					case (byte) 0xac:	// U+202C 0xe280ac POP DIRECTIONAL FORMATTING
					case (byte) 0xad:	// U+202D 0xe280ad LEFT-TO-RIGHT OVERRIDE
					case (byte) 0xae:	// U+202E 0xe280ae RIGHT-TO-LEFT OVERRIDE
						ignorable = true;
						ptr += 3;
						continue;
					default:
						return false;
					}
				case (byte) 0x81:
					switch (raw[ptr + 2]) {
					case (byte) 0xaa:	// U+206A 0xe281aa INHIBIT SYMMETRIC SWAPPING
					case (byte) 0xab:	// U+206B 0xe281ab ACTIVATE SYMMETRIC SWAPPING
					case (byte) 0xac:	// U+206C 0xe281ac INHIBIT ARABIC FORM SHAPING
					case (byte) 0xad:	// U+206D 0xe281ad ACTIVATE ARABIC FORM SHAPING
					case (byte) 0xae:	// U+206E 0xe281ae NATIONAL DIGIT SHAPES
					case (byte) 0xaf:	// U+206F 0xe281af NOMINAL DIGIT SHAPES
						ignorable = true;
						ptr += 3;
						continue;
					default:
						return false;
					}
				default:
					return false;
				}
			case (byte) 0xef: // http://www.utf8-chartable.de/unicode-utf8-table.pl?start=65024
				if (!checkTruncatedIgnorableUTF8(raw, ptr, end, id)) {
					return false;
				}
				// U+FEFF 0xefbbbf ZERO WIDTH NO-BREAK SPACE
				if ((raw[ptr + 1] == (byte) 0xbb)
						&& (raw[ptr + 2] == (byte) 0xbf)) {
					ignorable = true;
					ptr += 3;
					continue;
				}
				return false;
			default:
				if (g == path.length) {
					return false;
				}
				if (toLower(raw[ptr++]) != path[g++]) {
					return false;
				}
			}
		}
		if (g == path.length && ignorable) {
			return true;
		}
		return false;
	}

	private boolean isMacHFSGit(byte[] raw, int ptr, int end,
			@Nullable AnyObjectId id) throws CorruptObjectException {
		byte[] git = new byte[] { '.', 'g', 'i', 't' };
		return isMacHFSPath(raw, ptr, end, git, id);
	}

	private boolean isMacHFSGitmodules(byte[] raw, int ptr, int end,
			@Nullable AnyObjectId id) throws CorruptObjectException {
		return isMacHFSPath(raw, ptr, end, dotGitmodules, id);
	}

	private boolean checkTruncatedIgnorableUTF8(byte[] raw, int ptr, int end,
			@Nullable AnyObjectId id) throws CorruptObjectException {
		if ((ptr + 2) >= end) {
			report(BAD_UTF8, id, MessageFormat.format(
					JGitText.get().corruptObjectInvalidNameInvalidUtf8,
					toHexString(raw, ptr, end)));
			return false;
		}
		return true;
	}

	private static String toHexString(byte[] raw, int ptr, int end) {
		StringBuilder b = new StringBuilder("0x"); //$NON-NLS-1$
		for (int i = ptr; i < end; i++)
			b.append(String.format("%02x", Byte.valueOf(raw[i]))); //$NON-NLS-1$
		return b.toString();
	}

	private void checkNotWindowsDevice(byte[] raw, int ptr, int end,
			@Nullable AnyObjectId id) throws CorruptObjectException {
		switch (toLower(raw[ptr])) {
		case 'a': // AUX
			if (end - ptr >= 3
					&& toLower(raw[ptr + 1]) == 'u'
					&& toLower(raw[ptr + 2]) == 'x'
					&& (end - ptr == 3 || raw[ptr + 3] == '.')) {
				report(WIN32_BAD_NAME, id,
						JGitText.get().corruptObjectInvalidNameAux);
			}
			break;

		case 'c': // CON, COM[1-9]
			if (end - ptr >= 3
					&& toLower(raw[ptr + 2]) == 'n'
					&& toLower(raw[ptr + 1]) == 'o'
					&& (end - ptr == 3 || raw[ptr + 3] == '.')) {
				report(WIN32_BAD_NAME, id,
						JGitText.get().corruptObjectInvalidNameCon);
			}
			if (end - ptr >= 4
					&& toLower(raw[ptr + 2]) == 'm'
					&& toLower(raw[ptr + 1]) == 'o'
					&& isPositiveDigit(raw[ptr + 3])
					&& (end - ptr == 4 || raw[ptr + 4] == '.')) {
				report(WIN32_BAD_NAME, id, String.format(
						JGitText.get().corruptObjectInvalidNameCom,
						Character.valueOf(((char) raw[ptr + 3]))));
			}
			break;

		case 'l': // LPT[1-9]
			if (end - ptr >= 4
					&& toLower(raw[ptr + 1]) == 'p'
					&& toLower(raw[ptr + 2]) == 't'
					&& isPositiveDigit(raw[ptr + 3])
					&& (end - ptr == 4 || raw[ptr + 4] == '.')) {
				report(WIN32_BAD_NAME, id, String.format(
						JGitText.get().corruptObjectInvalidNameLpt,
						Character.valueOf(((char) raw[ptr + 3]))));
			}
			break;

		case 'n': // NUL
			if (end - ptr >= 3
					&& toLower(raw[ptr + 1]) == 'u'
					&& toLower(raw[ptr + 2]) == 'l'
					&& (end - ptr == 3 || raw[ptr + 3] == '.')) {
				report(WIN32_BAD_NAME, id,
						JGitText.get().corruptObjectInvalidNameNul);
			}
			break;

		case 'p': // PRN
			if (end - ptr >= 3
					&& toLower(raw[ptr + 1]) == 'r'
					&& toLower(raw[ptr + 2]) == 'n'
					&& (end - ptr == 3 || raw[ptr + 3] == '.')) {
				report(WIN32_BAD_NAME, id,
						JGitText.get().corruptObjectInvalidNamePrn);
			}
			break;
		}
	}

	private static boolean isInvalidOnWindows(byte c) {
		// Windows disallows "special" characters in a path component.
		switch (c) {
		case '"':
		case '*':
		case ':':
		case '<':
		case '>':
		case '?':
		case '\\':
		case '|':
			return true;
		}
		return 1 <= c && c <= 31;
	}

	private static boolean isGit(byte[] buf, int p) {
		return toLower(buf[p]) == 'g'
				&& toLower(buf[p + 1]) == 'i'
				&& toLower(buf[p + 2]) == 't';
	}

	/**
	 * Check if the filename contained in buf[start:end] could be read as a
	 * .gitmodules file when checked out to the working directory.
	 *
	 * This ought to be a simple comparison, but some filesystems have peculiar
	 * rules for normalizing filenames:
	 *
	 * NTFS has backward-compatibility support for 8.3 synonyms of long file
	 * names (see
	 * https://web.archive.org/web/20160318181041/https://usn.pw/blog/gen/2015/06/09/filenames/
	 * for details). NTFS is also case-insensitive.
	 *
	 * MacOS's HFS+ folds away ignorable Unicode characters in addition to case
	 * folding.
	 *
	 * @param buf
	 *            byte array to decode
	 * @param start
	 *            position where a supposed filename is starting
	 * @param end
	 *            position where a supposed filename is ending
	 * @param id
	 *            object id for error reporting
	 *
	 * @return true if the filename in buf could be a ".gitmodules" file
	 * @throws CorruptObjectException
	 */
	private boolean isGitmodules(byte[] buf, int start, int end, @Nullable AnyObjectId id)
			throws CorruptObjectException {
		// Simple cases first.
		if (end - start < 8) {
			return false;
		}
		return (end - start == dotGitmodules.length
				&& RawParseUtils.match(buf, start, dotGitmodules) != -1)
			|| (macosx && isMacHFSGitmodules(buf, start, end, id))
			|| (windows && isNTFSGitmodules(buf, start, end));
	}

	private boolean matchLowerCase(byte[] b, int ptr, byte[] src) {
		if (ptr + src.length > b.length) {
			return false;
		}
		for (int i = 0; i < src.length; i++, ptr++) {
			if (toLower(b[ptr]) != src[i]) {
				return false;
			}
		}
		return true;
	}

	// .gitmodules, case-insensitive, or an 8.3 abbreviation of the same.
	private boolean isNTFSGitmodules(byte[] buf, int start, int end) {
		if (end - start == 11) {
			return matchLowerCase(buf, start, dotGitmodules);
		}

		if (end - start != 8) {
			return false;
		}

		// "gitmod" or a prefix of "gi7eba", followed by...
		byte[] gitmod = new byte[]{'g', 'i', 't', 'm', 'o', 'd', '~'};
		if (matchLowerCase(buf, start, gitmod)) {
			start += 6;
		} else {
			byte[] gi7eba = new byte[]{'g', 'i', '7', 'e', 'b', 'a'};
			for (int i = 0; i < gi7eba.length; i++, start++) {
				byte c = (byte) toLower(buf[start]);
				if (c == '~') {
					break;
				}
				if (c != gi7eba[i]) {
					return false;
				}
			}
		}

		// ... ~ and a number
		if (end - start < 2) {
			return false;
		}
		if (buf[start] != '~') {
			return false;
		}
		start++;
		if (buf[start] < '1' || buf[start] > '9') {
			return false;
		}
		start++;
		for (; start != end; start++) {
			if (buf[start] < '0' || buf[start] > '9') {
				return false;
			}
		}
		return true;
	}

	private static boolean isGitTilde1(byte[] buf, int p, int end) {
		if (end - p != 5)
			return false;
		return toLower(buf[p]) == 'g' && toLower(buf[p + 1]) == 'i'
				&& toLower(buf[p + 2]) == 't' && buf[p + 3] == '~'
				&& buf[p + 4] == '1';
	}

	private static boolean isNormalizedGit(byte[] raw, int ptr, int end) {
		if (isGit(raw, ptr)) {
			int dots = 0;
			boolean space = false;
			int p = end - 1;
			for (; (ptr + 2) < p; p--) {
				if (raw[p] == '.')
					dots++;
				else if (raw[p] == ' ')
					space = true;
				else
					break;
			}
			return p == ptr + 2 && (dots == 1 || space);
		}
		return false;
	}

	private boolean match(byte[] b, byte[] src) {
		int r = RawParseUtils.match(b, bufPtr.value, src);
		if (r < 0) {
			return false;
		}
		bufPtr.value = r;
		return true;
	}

	private static char toLower(byte b) {
		if ('A' <= b && b <= 'Z')
			return (char) (b + ('a' - 'A'));
		return (char) b;
	}

	private static boolean isPositiveDigit(byte b) {
		return '1' <= b && b <= '9';
	}

	/**
	 * Create a new {@link org.eclipse.jgit.lib.BlobObjectChecker}.
	 *
	 * @return new BlobObjectChecker or null if it's not provided.
	 * @since 4.9
	 */
	@Nullable
	public BlobObjectChecker newBlobObjectChecker() {
		return null;
	}

	/**
	 * Check a blob for errors.
	 *
	 * <p>
	 * This may not be called from PackParser in some cases. Use
	 * {@link #newBlobObjectChecker} instead.
	 *
	 * @param raw
	 *            the blob data. The array is never modified.
	 * @throws org.eclipse.jgit.errors.CorruptObjectException
	 *             if any error was detected.
	 */
	public void checkBlob(byte[] raw) throws CorruptObjectException {
		// We can always assume the blob is valid.
	}

	private String normalize(byte[] raw, int ptr, int end) {
		String n = RawParseUtils.decode(raw, ptr, end).toLowerCase(Locale.US);
		return macosx ? Normalizer.normalize(n, Normalizer.Form.NFC) : n;
	}

	/**
	 * Get the list of ".gitmodules" files found in the pack. For each, report
	 * its blob id (e.g. to validate its contents) and the tree where it was
	 * found (e.g. to check if it is in the root)
	 *
	 * @return List of pairs of ids {@literal <tree, blob>}.
	 *
	 * @since 4.7.5
	 */
	public List<GitmoduleEntry> getGitsubmodules() {
		return gitsubmodules;
	}

	/**
	 * Reset the invocation-specific state from this instance. Specifically this
	 * clears the list of .gitmodules files encountered (see
	 * {@link #getGitsubmodules()})
	 *
	 * Configurations like errors to filter, skip lists or the specified O.S.
	 * (set via {@link #setSafeForMacOS(boolean)} or
	 * {@link #setSafeForWindows(boolean)}) are NOT cleared.
	 *
	 * @since 5.2
	 */
	public void reset() {
		gitsubmodules.clear();
	}
}