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pprint.py 8.6KB

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  1. # Author: Fred L. Drake, Jr.
  2. # fdrake@cnri.reston.va.us, fdrake@acm.org
  3. #
  4. # This is a simple little module I wrote to make life easier. I didn't
  5. # see anything quite like it in the library, though I may have overlooked
  6. # something. I wrote this when I was trying to read some heavily nested
  7. # tuples with fairly non-descriptive content. This is modeled very much
  8. # after Lisp/Scheme - style pretty-printing of lists. If you find it
  9. # useful, thank small children who sleep at night.
  10. """Support to pretty-print lists, tuples, & dictionaries recursively.
  11. Very simple, but useful, especially in debugging data structures.
  12. Classes
  13. -------
  14. PrettyPrinter()
  15. Handle pretty-printing operations onto a stream using a configured
  16. set of formatting parameters.
  17. Functions
  18. ---------
  19. pformat()
  20. Format a Python object into a pretty-printed representation.
  21. pprint()
  22. Pretty-print a Python object to a stream [default is sys.sydout].
  23. saferepr()
  24. Generate a 'standard' repr()-like value, but protect against recursive
  25. data structures.
  26. """
  27. from types import DictType, ListType, TupleType
  28. try:
  29. from cStringIO import StringIO
  30. except ImportError:
  31. from StringIO import StringIO
  32. __all__ = ["pprint","pformat","isreadable","isrecursive","saferepr",
  33. "PrettyPrinter"]
  34. def pprint(object, stream=None):
  35. """Pretty-print a Python object to a stream [default is sys.sydout]."""
  36. printer = PrettyPrinter(stream=stream)
  37. printer.pprint(object)
  38. def pformat(object):
  39. """Format a Python object into a pretty-printed representation."""
  40. return PrettyPrinter().pformat(object)
  41. def isreadable(object):
  42. """Determine if saferepr(object) is readable by eval()."""
  43. return PrettyPrinter().isreadable(object)
  44. def isrecursive(object):
  45. """Determine if object requires a recursive representation."""
  46. return PrettyPrinter().isrecursive(object)
  47. def saferepr(object):
  48. """Version of repr() which can handle recursive data structures."""
  49. return _safe_repr(object, {})[0]
  50. class PrettyPrinter:
  51. def __init__(self, indent=1, width=80, depth=None, stream=None):
  52. """Handle pretty printing operations onto a stream using a set of
  53. configured parameters.
  54. indent
  55. Number of spaces to indent for each level of nesting.
  56. width
  57. Attempted maximum number of columns in the output.
  58. depth
  59. The maximum depth to print out nested structures.
  60. stream
  61. The desired output stream. If omitted (or false), the standard
  62. output stream available at construction will be used.
  63. """
  64. indent = int(indent)
  65. width = int(width)
  66. assert indent >= 0
  67. assert (not depth) or depth > 0, "depth may not be negative"
  68. assert width
  69. self.__depth = depth
  70. self.__indent_per_level = indent
  71. self.__width = width
  72. if stream:
  73. self.__stream = stream
  74. else:
  75. import sys
  76. self.__stream = sys.stdout
  77. def pprint(self, object):
  78. self.__stream.write(self.pformat(object) + "\n")
  79. def pformat(self, object):
  80. sio = StringIO()
  81. self.__format(object, sio, 0, 0, {}, 0)
  82. return sio.getvalue()
  83. def isrecursive(self, object):
  84. self.__recursive = 0
  85. self.pformat(object)
  86. return self.__recursive
  87. def isreadable(self, object):
  88. self.__recursive = 0
  89. self.__readable = 1
  90. self.pformat(object)
  91. return self.__readable and not self.__recursive
  92. def __format(self, object, stream, indent, allowance, context, level):
  93. level = level + 1
  94. if context.has_key(id(object)):
  95. object = _Recursion(object)
  96. self.__recursive = 1
  97. rep = self.__repr(object, context, level - 1)
  98. objid = id(object)
  99. context[objid] = 1
  100. typ = type(object)
  101. sepLines = len(rep) > (self.__width - 1 - indent - allowance)
  102. if sepLines and typ in (ListType, TupleType):
  103. # Pretty-print the sequence.
  104. stream.write((typ is ListType) and '[' or '(')
  105. if self.__indent_per_level > 1:
  106. stream.write((self.__indent_per_level - 1) * ' ')
  107. length = len(object)
  108. if length:
  109. indent = indent + self.__indent_per_level
  110. self.__format(object[0], stream, indent, allowance + 1,
  111. context, level)
  112. if length > 1:
  113. for ent in object[1:]:
  114. stream.write(',\n' + ' '*indent)
  115. self.__format(ent, stream, indent,
  116. allowance + 1, context, level)
  117. indent = indent - self.__indent_per_level
  118. if typ is TupleType and length == 1:
  119. stream.write(',')
  120. stream.write(((typ is ListType) and ']') or ')')
  121. elif sepLines and typ is DictType:
  122. stream.write('{')
  123. if self.__indent_per_level > 1:
  124. stream.write((self.__indent_per_level - 1) * ' ')
  125. length = len(object)
  126. if length:
  127. indent = indent + self.__indent_per_level
  128. items = object.items()
  129. items.sort()
  130. key, ent = items[0]
  131. rep = self.__repr(key, context, level) + ': '
  132. stream.write(rep)
  133. self.__format(ent, stream, indent + len(rep),
  134. allowance + 1, context, level)
  135. if len(items) > 1:
  136. for key, ent in items[1:]:
  137. rep = self.__repr(key, context, level) + ': '
  138. stream.write(',\n' + ' '*indent + rep)
  139. self.__format(ent, stream, indent + len(rep),
  140. allowance + 1, context, level)
  141. indent = indent - self.__indent_per_level
  142. stream.write('}')
  143. else:
  144. stream.write(rep)
  145. del context[objid]
  146. def __repr(self, object, context, level):
  147. repr, readable = _safe_repr(object, context, self.__depth, level)
  148. if not readable:
  149. self.__readable = 0
  150. return repr
  151. def _safe_repr(object, context, maxlevels=None, level=0):
  152. level = level + 1
  153. typ = type(object)
  154. if not (typ in (DictType, ListType, TupleType) and object):
  155. rep = `object`
  156. return rep, (rep and (rep[0] != '<'))
  157. if context.has_key(id(object)):
  158. return `_Recursion(object)`, 0
  159. objid = id(object)
  160. context[objid] = 1
  161. readable = 1
  162. if typ is DictType:
  163. if maxlevels and level >= maxlevels:
  164. s = "{...}"
  165. readable = 0
  166. else:
  167. items = object.items()
  168. k, v = items[0]
  169. krepr, kreadable = _safe_repr(k, context, maxlevels, level)
  170. vrepr, vreadable = _safe_repr(v, context, maxlevels, level)
  171. readable = readable and kreadable and vreadable
  172. s = "{%s: %s" % (krepr, vrepr)
  173. for k, v in items[1:]:
  174. krepr, kreadable = _safe_repr(k, context, maxlevels, level)
  175. vrepr, vreadable = _safe_repr(v, context, maxlevels, level)
  176. readable = readable and kreadable and vreadable
  177. s = "%s, %s: %s" % (s, krepr, vrepr)
  178. s = s + "}"
  179. else:
  180. s, term = (typ is ListType) and ('[', ']') or ('(', ')')
  181. if maxlevels and level >= maxlevels:
  182. s = s + "..."
  183. readable = 0
  184. else:
  185. subrepr, subreadable = _safe_repr(
  186. object[0], context, maxlevels, level)
  187. readable = readable and subreadable
  188. s = s + subrepr
  189. tail = object[1:]
  190. if not tail:
  191. if typ is TupleType:
  192. s = s + ','
  193. for ent in tail:
  194. subrepr, subreadable = _safe_repr(
  195. ent, context, maxlevels, level)
  196. readable = readable and subreadable
  197. s = "%s, %s" % (s, subrepr)
  198. s = s + term
  199. del context[objid]
  200. return s, readable
  201. class _Recursion:
  202. # represent a recursive relationship; really only used for the __repr__()
  203. # method...
  204. def __init__(self, object):
  205. self.__repr = "<Recursion on %s with id=%s>" \
  206. % (type(object).__name__, id(object))
  207. def __repr__(self):
  208. return self.__repr