sonarqube

title: Install the Server

url: /setup/install-server/

Installing the Database

Several database engines are supported. Be sure to follow the requirements listed for your database, they are real requirements not recommendations.

Create an empty schema and a sonarqube user. Grant this sonarqube user permissions to create, update, and delete objects for this schema.

Microsoft SQL Server

warning | Collation MUST be case-sensitive (CS) and accent-sensitive (AS).
| READ_COMMITED_SNAPSHOT MUST be set on the SonarQube database.

MS SQL database’s shared lock strategy may impact SonarQube runtime. Making sure that is_read_committed_snapshot_on is set to true to prevent SonarQube from facing potential deadlocks under heavy loads.

Example of query to check is_read_committed_snapshot_on:

SELECT is_read_committed_snapshot_on FROM sys.databases WHERE name='YourSonarQubeDatabase';

Example of query to update is_read_committed_snapshot_on:

ALTER DATABASE YourSonarQubeDatabase SET READ_COMMITTED_SNAPSHOT ON WITH ROLLBACK IMMEDIATE;

Integrated Security

To use integrated security:

Download the Microsoft SQL JDBC Driver 7.2.2 package and copy the 64-bit version of sqljdbc_auth.dll to any folder in your path.
If you’re running SonarQube as a Windows service, make sure the Windows account under which the service is running has permission to connect your SQL server. The account should have db_owner database role membership.

If you’re running the SonarQube server from a command prompt, the user under which the command prompt is running should have db_owner database role membership.
Ensure that sonar.jdbc.username or sonar.jdbc.password properties are commented out or SonarQube will use SQL authentication.

sonar.jdbc.url=jdbc:sqlserver://localhost;databaseName=sonar;integratedSecurity=true

SQL Authentication

To use SQL Authentication, use the following connection string. Also ensure that sonar.jdbc.username and sonar.jdbc.password are set appropriately:

sonar.jdbc.url=jdbc:sqlserver://localhost;databaseName=sonar
sonar.jdbc.username=sonarqube
sonar.jdbc.password=mypassword

Oracle

If there are two SonarQube schemas on the same Oracle instance, especially if they are for two different versions, SonarQube gets confused and picks the first it finds. To avoid this issue:

Either privileges associated to the SonarQube Oracle user should be decreased
Or a trigger should be defined on the Oracle side to automatically alter the SonarQube Oracle user session when establishing a new connection:

warning | Oracle JDBC driver versions 12.1.0.1 and 12.1.0.2 have major bugs, and are not recommended for use with the SonarQube (see more details).

PostgreSQL

If you want to use a custom schema and not the default “public” one, the PostgreSQL search_path property must be set:

ALTER USER mySonarUser SET search_path to mySonarQubeSchema

Installing the Server from the ZIP file

First, check the requirements. Then download and unzip the distribution (do not unzip into a directory starting with a digit).

SonarQube cannot be run as root on Unix-based systems, so create a dedicated user account to use for SonarQube if necessary.

$SONARQUBE-HOME (below) refers to the path to the directory where the SonarQube distribution has been unzipped.

Setting the Access to the Database

Edit $SONARQUBE-HOME/conf/sonar.properties to configure the database settings. Templates are available for every supported database. Just uncomment and configure the template you need and comment out the lines dedicated to H2:

Example for PostgreSQL
sonar.jdbc.username=sonarqube
sonar.jdbc.password=mypassword
sonar.jdbc.url=jdbc:postgresql://localhost/sonarqube

Adding the JDBC Driver

Drivers for the supported databases (except Oracle) are already provided. Do not replace the provided drivers; they are the only ones supported.

For Oracle, copy the JDBC driver into $SONARQUBE-HOME/extensions/jdbc-driver/oracle.

Configuring the Elasticsearch storage path

By default, Elasticsearch data is stored in $SONARQUBE-HOME/data, but this is not recommended for production instances. Instead, you should store this data elsewhere, ideally in a dedicated volume with fast I/O. Beyond maintaining acceptable performance, doing so will also ease the upgrade of SonarQube.

Edit $SONARQUBE-HOME/conf/sonar.properties to configure the following settings:

sonar.path.data=/var/sonarqube/data
sonar.path.temp=/var/sonarqube/temp

The user used to launch SonarQube must have read and write access to those directories.

Starting the Web Server

The default port is “9000” and the context path is “/”. These values can be changed in $SONARQUBE-HOME/conf/sonar.properties:

sonar.web.host=192.0.0.1
sonar.web.port=80
sonar.web.context=/sonarqube

Execute the following script to start the server:

On Linux/Mac OS: bin//sonar.sh start
On Windows: bin/windows-x86-XX/StartSonar.bat

You can now browse SonarQube at http://localhost:9000 (the default System administrator credentials are admin/admin).

Tuning the Web Server

By default, SonarQube is configured to run on any computer with a simple Java JRE.

For better performance, the first thing to do when installing a production instance is to use a Java JDK and activate the server mode by uncommenting/setting the following line in $SONARQUBE-HOME/conf/sonar.properties:

sonar.web.javaOpts=-server

To change the Java JVM used by SonarQube, simply edit $SONARQUBE-HOME/conf/wrapper.conf and update the following line:

wrapper.java.command=/path/to/my/jdk/bin/java

Advanced Installation Features

Running SonarQube as a Service on Windows or Linux
Running SonarQube behind a Proxy
Running SonarQube Community Edition with Docker

Installing the Server from the Docker Image

Click your SonarQube version below for instructions on installing the server from a Docker image.

collapse | ## SonarQube 8.2+ | | Follow these steps for your first installation: | | 1. Creating the following volumes helps prevent the loss of information when updating to a new version or upgrading to a higher edition: | - sonarqube_data – contains data files, such as the embedded H2 database and Elasticsearch indexes | - sonarqube_logs – contains SonarQube logs about access, web process, CE process, and Elasticsearch | - sonarqube_extensions – contains plugins, such as language analyzers |
| Create the volumes with the following commands: | bash | $> docker volume create --name sonarqube_data | $> docker volume create --name sonarqube_extensions | $> docker volume create --name sonarqube_logs | | | 2. Configure the database with SonarQube properties using environment variables. Define these variables using the -e flag as shown in the following example: | | console | #Example for PostgreSQL | -e SONAR_JDBC_USERNAME=sonar \ | -e SONAR_JDBC_PASSWORD=sonar \ | -e SONAR.JDBC.URL=jdbc:postgresql://localhost/sonar \ | | | For more configuration environment variables, see the Docker Environment Variables.
| | info | | Drivers for supported databases (except Oracle) are already provided. Do not replace the provided drivers; they are the only ones supported. For Oracle, you need to copy the JDBC driver into the sonarqube_extensions volume. | | warning | | Use of the environment variables SONARQUBE_JDBC_USERNAME, SONARQUBE_JDBC_PASSWORD, and SONARQUBE_JDBC_URL is deprecated and will stop working in future releases. | | 3. Run the image: | | bash | $> docker run -d --name sonarqube \ | -p 9000:9000 \ | -e SONAR_JDBC_URL=... \ | -e SONAR_JDBC_USERNAME=... \ | -e SONAR_JDBC_PASSWORD=... \ | -v sonarqube_data:/opt/sonarqube/data \ | -v sonarqube_extensions:/opt/sonarqube/extensions \ | -v sonarqube_logs:/opt/sonarqube/logs \ | <image_name> |

collapse | ## SonarQube 7.9.x LTS | | Follow these steps for your first installation: | | 1. Create volumes sonarqube_conf, sonarqube_data, sonarqube_logs, and sonarqube_extensions and start the image with the following command. This will populate all the volumes (copying default plugins, create the Elasticsearch data folder, create the sonar.properties configuration file). Watch the logs, and, once the container is properly started, you can force-exit (ctrl+c) and proceed to the next step. | | console | $ docker run --rm \ | -p 9000:9000 \ | -v sonarqube_conf:/opt/sonarqube/conf \ | -v sonarqube_extensions:/opt/sonarqube/extensions \ | -v sonarqube_logs:/opt/sonarqube/logs \ | -v sonarqube_data:/opt/sonarqube/data \ | <image_name> | | |2. Configure sonar.properties if needed. Please note that due to SONAR-12501, providing sonar.jdbc.url, sonar.jdbc.username, sonar.jdbc.password and sonar.web.javaAdditionalOpts in sonar.properties is not working, and you will need to explicitly define theses values in the docker run command with the -e flag. | | plain | #Example for PostgreSQL | -e sonar.jdbc.url=jdbc:postgresql://localhost/sonarqube | | |info || Drivers for supported databases (except Oracle) are already provided. Do not replace the provided drivers; they are the only ones supported. For Oracle, you need to copy the JDBC driver into |$SONARQUBE_HOME/extensions/jdbc-driver/oracle. | |3. Run the image with your JDBC username and password : | | console | $ docker run -d --name sonarqube \ | -p 9000:9000 \ | -e sonar.jdbc.url=... \ | -e sonar.jdbc.username=... \ | -e sonar.jdbc.password=... \ | -v sonarqube_conf:/opt/sonarqube/conf \ | -v sonarqube_extensions:/opt/sonarqube/extensions \ | -v sonarqube_logs:/opt/sonarqube/logs \ | -v sonarqube_data:/opt/sonarqube/data \ | <image_name> |

Next Steps

Once your server is installed and running, you may also want to Install Plugins. Then you’re ready to begin Analyzing Source Code.

Troubleshooting/FAQ

Grant more memory to the web server / compute engine / elastic search

To grant more memory to a server-side process, uncomment and edit the relevant javaOpts property in $SONARQUBE_HOME/conf/sonar.properties, specifically:

sonar.web.javaOpts (minimum values: -server -Xmx768m)
sonar.ce.javaOpts
sonar.search.javaOpts

Failed to start on Windows Vista

SonarQube seems unable to start when installed under the Program Files directory on Windows Vista. It should therefore not be installed there.

Failed to start SonarQube with Oracle due to bad `USERS` table structure

When other USERS tables exist in the Oracle DB, if the sonarqube user has read access on this other USERS table, the SonarQube web server can’t start and an exception like the following one is thrown:

ActiveRecord::ActiveRecordError: ORA-00904: "TOTO": invalid identifier
: INSERT INTO users (login, name, email, crypted_password, salt, 
created_at, updated_at, remember_token, remember_token_expires_at, toto, id)
VALUES('admin', 'Administrator', '', 'bba4c8a0f808f9798cf8b1c153a4bb4f9178cf59', '2519754f77ea67e5d7211cd1414698f465aacebb',
TIMESTAMP'2011-06-24 22:09:14', TIMESTAMP'2011-06-24 22:09:14', null, null, null, ?)
ActiveRecord::ActiveRecordError: ORA-00904: "TOTO": invalid identifier
 
: INSERT INTO users (login, name, email, crypted_password, salt, 
created_at, updated_at, remember_token, remember_token_expires_at, toto, id)
VALUES('admin', 'Administrator', '', 'bba4c8a0f808f9798cf8b1c153a4bb4f9178cf59', 
'2519754f77ea67e5d7211cd1414698f465aacebb', TIMESTAMP'2011-06-24 22:09:14', TIMESTAMP'2011-06-24 22:09:14', null, null, null, ?)

To fix this issue, the rights of the sonarqube Oracle user must be decreased to remove read access on the other USERS table(s).

Failed to connect to the Marketplace via proxy

Double check that settings for proxy are correctly set in $SONARQUBE_HOME/conf/sonar.properties. Note that if your proxy username contains “\” (backslash), then it should be escaped - for example username “domain\user” in file should look like:

http.proxyUser=domain\\user

For some proxies, the exception “java.net.ProtocolException: Server redirected too many times” might mean an incorrect username or password has been configured.

Exception java.lang.RuntimeException: can not run elasticsearch as root

SonarQube starts an Elasticsearch process, and the same account that is running SonarQube itself will be used for the Elasticsearch process. Since Elasticsearch cannot be run as root, that means SonarQube can’t be either. You must choose some other, non-root account with which to run SonarQube, preferably an account dedicated to the purpose.

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