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-<html>
-<head>
-<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
-<title>SimpleTest documentation for the scriptable web browser component</title>
-<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="docs.css" title="Styles">
-</head>
-<body>
-<div class="menu_back"><div class="menu">
-<a href="index.html">SimpleTest</a>
- |
- <a href="overview.html">Overview</a>
- |
- <a href="unit_test_documentation.html">Unit tester</a>
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- <a href="web_tester_documentation.html">Web tester</a>
- |
- <a href="form_testing_documentation.html">Testing forms</a>
- |
- <a href="authentication_documentation.html">Authentication</a>
- |
- <span class="chosen">Scriptable browser</span>
-</div></div>
-<h1>PHP Scriptable Web Browser</h1>
- This page...
- <ul>
-<li>
- Using the bundled <a href="#scripting">web browser in scripts</a>
- </li>
-<li>
- <a href="#debug">Debugging</a> failed pages
- </li>
-<li>
- Complex <a href="#unit">tests with multiple web browsers</a>
- </li>
-</ul>
-<div class="content">
-
- <p>
- SimpleTest's web browser component can be used not just
- outside of the <span class="new_code">WebTestCase</span> class, but also
- independently of the SimpleTest framework itself.
- </p>
-
- <h2>
-<a class="target" name="scripting"></a>The Scriptable Browser</h2>
- <p>
- You can use the web browser in PHP scripts to confirm
- services are up and running, or to extract information
- from them at a regular basis.
- For example, here is a small script to extract the current number of
- open PHP 5 bugs from the <a href="http://www.php.net/">PHP web site</a>...
-<pre>
-<strong>&lt;?php
-require_once('simpletest/browser.php');
-
-$browser = &amp;new SimpleBrowser();
-$browser-&gt;get('http://php.net/');
-$browser-&gt;click('reporting bugs');
-$browser-&gt;click('statistics');
-$page = $browser-&gt;click('PHP 5 bugs only');
-preg_match('/status=Open.*?by=Any.*?(\d+)&lt;\/a&gt;/', $page, $matches);
-print $matches[1];
-?&gt;</strong>
-</pre>
- There are simpler methods to do this particular example in PHP
- of course.
- For example you can just use the PHP <span class="new_code">file()</span>
- command against what here is a pretty fixed page.
- However, using the web browser for scripts allows authentication,
- correct handling of cookies, automatic loading of frames, redirects,
- form submission and the ability to examine the page headers.
- <p>
- </p>
- Methods such as periodic scraping are fragile against a site that is constantly
- evolving and you would want a more direct way of accessing
- data in a permanent set up, but for simple tasks this can provide
- a very rapid solution.
- </p>
- <p>
- All of the navigation methods used in the
- <a href="web_tester_documentation.html">WebTestCase</a>
- are present in the <span class="new_code">SimpleBrowser</span> class, but
- the assertions are replaced with simpler accessors.
- Here is a full list of the page navigation methods...
- <table><tbody>
- <tr>
-<td><span class="new_code">addHeader($header)</span></td>
-<td>Adds a header to every fetch</td>
-</tr>
- <tr>
-<td><span class="new_code">useProxy($proxy, $username, $password)</span></td>
-<td>Use this proxy from now on</td>
-</tr>
- <tr>
-<td><span class="new_code">head($url, $parameters)</span></td>
-<td>Perform a HEAD request</td>
-</tr>
- <tr>
-<td><span class="new_code">get($url, $parameters)</span></td>
-<td>Fetch a page with GET</td>
-</tr>
- <tr>
-<td><span class="new_code">post($url, $parameters)</span></td>
-<td>Fetch a page with POST</td>
-</tr>
- <tr>
-<td><span class="new_code">click($label)</span></td>
-<td>Clicks visible link or button text</td>
-</tr>
- <tr>
-<td><span class="new_code">clickLink($label)</span></td>
-<td>Follows a link by label</td>
-</tr>
- <tr>
-<td><span class="new_code">clickLinkById($id)</span></td>
-<td>Follows a link by attribute</td>
-</tr>
- <tr>
-<td><span class="new_code">getUrl()</span></td>
-<td>Current URL of page or frame</td>
-</tr>
- <tr>
-<td><span class="new_code">getTitle()</span></td>
-<td>Page title</td>
-</tr>
- <tr>
-<td><span class="new_code">getContent()</span></td>
-<td>Raw page or frame</td>
-</tr>
- <tr>
-<td><span class="new_code">getContentAsText()</span></td>
-<td>HTML removed except for alt text</td>
-</tr>
- <tr>
-<td><span class="new_code">retry()</span></td>
-<td>Repeat the last request</td>
-</tr>
- <tr>
-<td><span class="new_code">back()</span></td>
-<td>Use the browser back button</td>
-</tr>
- <tr>
-<td><span class="new_code">forward()</span></td>
-<td>Use the browser forward button</td>
-</tr>
- <tr>
-<td><span class="new_code">authenticate($username, $password)</span></td>
-<td>Retry page or frame after a 401 response</td>
-</tr>
- <tr>
-<td><span class="new_code">restart($date)</span></td>
-<td>Restarts the browser for a new session</td>
-</tr>
- <tr>
-<td><span class="new_code">ageCookies($interval)</span></td>
-<td>Ages the cookies by the specified time</td>
-</tr>
- <tr>
-<td><span class="new_code">setCookie($name, $value)</span></td>
-<td>Sets an additional cookie</td>
-</tr>
- <tr>
-<td><span class="new_code">getCookieValue($host, $path, $name)</span></td>
-<td>Reads the most specific cookie</td>
-</tr>
- <tr>
-<td><span class="new_code">getCurrentCookieValue($name)</span></td>
-<td>Reads cookie for the current context</td>
-</tr>
- </tbody></table>
- The methods <span class="new_code">SimpleBrowser::useProxy()</span> and
- <span class="new_code">SimpleBrowser::addHeader()</span> are special.
- Once called they continue to apply to all subsequent fetches.
- </p>
- <p>
- Navigating forms is similar to the
- <a href="form_testing_documentation.html">WebTestCase form navigation</a>...
- <table><tbody>
- <tr>
-<td><span class="new_code">setField($label, $value)</span></td>
-<td>Sets all form fields with that label or name</td>
-</tr>
- <tr>
-<td><span class="new_code">setFieldByName($name, $value)</span></td>
-<td>Sets all form fields with that name</td>
-</tr>
- <tr>
-<td><span class="new_code">setFieldById($id, $value)</span></td>
-<td>Sets all form fields with that id</td>
-</tr>
- <tr>
-<td><span class="new_code">getField($label)</span></td>
-<td>Accessor for a form element value by label tag and then name</td>
-</tr>
- <tr>
-<td><span class="new_code">getFieldByName($name)</span></td>
-<td>Accessor for a form element value using name attribute</td>
-</tr>
- <tr>
-<td><span class="new_code">getFieldById($id)</span></td>
-<td>Accessor for a form element value</td>
-</tr>
- <tr>
-<td><span class="new_code">clickSubmit($label)</span></td>
-<td>Submits form by button label</td>
-</tr>
- <tr>
-<td><span class="new_code">clickSubmitByName($name)</span></td>
-<td>Submits form by button attribute</td>
-</tr>
- <tr>
-<td><span class="new_code">clickSubmitById($id)</span></td>
-<td>Submits form by button attribute</td>
-</tr>
- <tr>
-<td><span class="new_code">clickImage($label, $x, $y)</span></td>
-<td>Clicks an input tag of type image by title or alt text</td>
-</tr>
- <tr>
-<td><span class="new_code">clickImageByName($name, $x, $y)</span></td>
-<td>Clicks an input tag of type image by name</td>
-</tr>
- <tr>
-<td><span class="new_code">clickImageById($id, $x, $y)</span></td>
-<td>Clicks an input tag of type image by ID attribute</td>
-</tr>
- <tr>
-<td><span class="new_code">submitFormById($id)</span></td>
-<td>Submits by the form tag attribute</td>
-</tr>
- </tbody></table>
- At the moment there aren't many methods to list available links and fields.
- <table><tbody>
- <tr>
-<td><span class="new_code">isClickable($label)</span></td>
-<td>Test to see if a click target exists by label or name</td>
-</tr>
- <tr>
-<td><span class="new_code">isSubmit($label)</span></td>
-<td>Test for the existence of a button with that label or name</td>
-</tr>
- <tr>
-<td><span class="new_code">isImage($label)</span></td>
-<td>Test for the existence of an image button with that label or name</td>
-</tr>
- <tr>
-<td><span class="new_code">getLink($label)</span></td>
-<td>Finds a URL from its label</td>
-</tr>
- <tr>
-<td><span class="new_code">getLinkById($label)</span></td>
-<td>Finds a URL from its ID attribute</td>
-</tr>
- <tr>
-<td><span class="new_code">getUrls()</span></td>
-<td>Lists available links in the current page</td>
-</tr>
- </tbody></table>
- This will be expanded in later versions of SimpleTest.
- </p>
- <p>
- Frames are a rather esoteric feature these days, but SimpleTest has
- retained support for them.
- </p>
- <p>
- Within a page, individual frames can be selected.
- If no selection is made then all the frames are merged together
- in one large conceptual page.
- The content of the current page will be a concatenation of all of the
- frames in the order that they were specified in the "frameset"
- tags.
- <table><tbody>
- <tr>
-<td><span class="new_code">getFrames()</span></td>
-<td>A dump of the current frame structure</td>
-</tr>
- <tr>
-<td><span class="new_code">getFrameFocus()</span></td>
-<td>Current frame label or index</td>
-</tr>
- <tr>
-<td><span class="new_code">setFrameFocusByIndex($choice)</span></td>
-<td>Select a frame numbered from 1</td>
-</tr>
- <tr>
-<td><span class="new_code">setFrameFocus($name)</span></td>
-<td>Select frame by label</td>
-</tr>
- <tr>
-<td><span class="new_code">clearFrameFocus()</span></td>
-<td>Treat all the frames as a single page</td>
-</tr>
- </tbody></table>
- When focused on a single frame, the content will come from
- that frame only.
- This includes links to click and forms to submit.
- </p>
-
- <h2>
-<a class="target" name="debug"></a>What went wrong?</h2>
- <p>
- All of this functionality is great when we actually manage to fetch pages,
- but that doesn't always happen.
- To help figure out what went wrong, the browser has some methods to
- aid in debugging...
- <table><tbody>
- <tr>
-<td><span class="new_code">setConnectionTimeout($timeout)</span></td>
-<td>Close the socket on overrun</td>
-</tr>
- <tr>
-<td><span class="new_code">getUrl()</span></td>
-<td>Url of most recent page fetched</td>
-</tr>
- <tr>
-<td><span class="new_code">getRequest()</span></td>
-<td>Raw request header of page or frame</td>
-</tr>
- <tr>
-<td><span class="new_code">getHeaders()</span></td>
-<td>Raw response header of page or frame</td>
-</tr>
- <tr>
-<td><span class="new_code">getTransportError()</span></td>
-<td>Any socket level errors in the last fetch</td>
-</tr>
- <tr>
-<td><span class="new_code">getResponseCode()</span></td>
-<td>HTTP response of page or frame</td>
-</tr>
- <tr>
-<td><span class="new_code">getMimeType()</span></td>
-<td>Mime type of page or frame</td>
-</tr>
- <tr>
-<td><span class="new_code">getAuthentication()</span></td>
-<td>Authentication type in 401 challenge header</td>
-</tr>
- <tr>
-<td><span class="new_code">getRealm()</span></td>
-<td>Authentication realm in 401 challenge header</td>
-</tr>
- <tr>
-<td><span class="new_code">getBaseUrl()</span></td>
-<td>Base url only of most recent page fetched</td>
-</tr>
- <tr>
-<td><span class="new_code">setMaximumRedirects($max)</span></td>
-<td>Number of redirects before page is loaded anyway</td>
-</tr>
- <tr>
-<td><span class="new_code">setMaximumNestedFrames($max)</span></td>
-<td>Protection against recursive framesets</td>
-</tr>
- <tr>
-<td><span class="new_code">ignoreFrames()</span></td>
-<td>Disables frames support</td>
-</tr>
- <tr>
-<td><span class="new_code">useFrames()</span></td>
-<td>Enables frames support</td>
-</tr>
- <tr>
-<td><span class="new_code">ignoreCookies()</span></td>
-<td>Disables sending and receiving of cookies</td>
-</tr>
- <tr>
-<td><span class="new_code">useCookies()</span></td>
-<td>Enables cookie support</td>
-</tr>
- </tbody></table>
- The methods <span class="new_code">SimpleBrowser::setConnectionTimeout()</span>
- <span class="new_code">SimpleBrowser::setMaximumRedirects()</span>,
- <span class="new_code">SimpleBrowser::setMaximumNestedFrames()</span>,
- <span class="new_code">SimpleBrowser::ignoreFrames()</span>,
- <span class="new_code">SimpleBrowser::useFrames()</span>,
- <span class="new_code">SimpleBrowser::ignoreCookies()</span> and
- <span class="new_code">SimpleBrowser::useCokies()</span> continue to apply
- to every subsequent request.
- The other methods are frames aware.
- This means that if you have an individual frame that is not
- loading, navigate to it using <span class="new_code">SimpleBrowser::setFrameFocus()</span>
- and you can then use <span class="new_code">SimpleBrowser::getRequest()</span>, etc to
- see what happened.
- </p>
-
- <h2>
-<a class="target" name="unit"></a>Complex unit tests with multiple browsers</h2>
- <p>
- Anything that could be done in a
- <a href="web_tester_documentation.html">WebTestCase</a> can
- now be done in a <a href="unit_tester_documentation.html">UnitTestCase</a>.
- This means that we could freely mix domain object testing with the
- web interface...
-<pre>
-<strong>class TestOfRegistration extends UnitTestCase {
- function testNewUserAddedToAuthenticator() {</strong>
- $browser = new SimpleBrowser();
- $browser-&gt;get('http://my-site.com/register.php');
- $browser-&gt;setField('email', 'me@here');
- $browser-&gt;setField('password', 'Secret');
- $browser-&gt;click('Register');
- <strong>
- $authenticator = new Authenticator();
- $member = $authenticator-&gt;findByEmail('me@here');
- $this-&gt;assertEqual($member-&gt;getPassword(), 'Secret');
- }
-}</strong>
-</pre>
- While this may be a useful temporary expediency, I am not a fan
- of this type of testing.
- The testing has cut across application layers, make it twice as
- likely it will need refactoring when the code changes.
- </p>
- <p>
- A more useful case of where using the browser directly can be helpful
- is where the <span class="new_code">WebTestCase</span> cannot cope.
- An example is where two browsers are needed at the same time.
- </p>
- <p>
- For example, say we want to disallow multiple simultaneous
- usage of a site with the same username.
- This test case will do the job...
-<pre>
-class TestOfSecurity extends UnitTestCase {
- function testNoMultipleLoginsFromSameUser() {<strong>
- $first_attempt = new SimpleBrowser();
- $first_attempt-&gt;get('http://my-site.com/login.php');
- $first_attempt-&gt;setField('name', 'Me');
- $first_attempt-&gt;setField('password', 'Secret');
- $first_attempt-&gt;click('Enter');
- $this-&gt;assertEqual($first_attempt-&gt;getTitle(), 'Welcome');
-
- $second_attempt = new SimpleBrowser();
- $second_attempt-&gt;get('http://my-site.com/login.php');
- $second_attempt-&gt;setField('name', 'Me');
- $second_attempt-&gt;setField('password', 'Secret');
- $second_attempt-&gt;click('Enter');
- $this-&gt;assertEqual($second_attempt-&gt;getTitle(), 'Access Denied');</strong>
- }
-}
-</pre>
- You can also use the <span class="new_code">SimpleBrowser</span> class
- directly when you want to write test cases using a different
- test tool than SimpleTest, such as PHPUnit.
- </p>
-
- </div>
- References and related information...
- <ul>
-<li>
- SimpleTest project page on <a href="http://sourceforge.net/projects/simpletest/">SourceForge</a>.
- </li>
-<li>
- SimpleTest download page on <a href="http://www.lastcraft.com/simple_test.php">LastCraft</a>.
- </li>
-<li>
- The <a href="http://simpletest.org/api/">developer's API for SimpleTest</a>
- gives full detail on the classes and assertions available.
- </li>
-</ul>
-<div class="menu_back"><div class="menu">
-<a href="index.html">SimpleTest</a>
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- <span class="chosen">Scriptable browser</span>
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-<div class="copyright">
- Copyright<br>Marcus Baker 2006
- </div>
-</body>
-</html>