---
title: Images and Other Resources
order: 5
layout: page
---

[[application.resources]]
= Images and Other Resources

Web applications can display various __resources__, such as images, other
embedded content, or downloadable files, that the browser has to load from the
server. Image resources are typically displayed with the [classname]#Image#
component or as component icons. Flash animations can be displayed with
[classname]#Flash#, embedded browser frames with [classname]#BrowserFrame#, and
other content with the [classname]#Embedded# component, as described in
<<dummy/../../../framework/components/components-embedded#components.embedded,"Embedded
Resources">>. Downloadable files are usually provided by clicking a
[classname]#Link#.

There are several ways to how such resources can be provided by the web server.
Static resources can be provided without having to ask for them from the
application. For dynamic resources, the user application must be able to create
them dynamically. The resource request interfaces in Vaadin allow applications
to both refer to static resources as well as dynamically create them. The
dynamic creation includes the [classname]#StreamResource# class and the
[interfacename]#RequestHandler# described in
<<dummy/../../../framework/advanced/advanced-requesthandler#advanced.requesthandler,"Request
Handlers">>.

Vaadin also provides low-level facilities for retrieving the URI and other
parameters of a HTTP request. We will first look into how applications can
provide various kinds of resources and then look into low-level interfaces for
handling URIs and parameters to provide resources and functionalities.

Notice that using request handlers to create "pages" is not normally meaningful
in Vaadin or in AJAX applications generally. Please see
<<dummy/../../../framework/architecture/architecture-technology#architecture.technology.ajax,"AJAX">>
for a detailed explanation.

[[application.resources.api]]
== Resource Interfaces and Classes

The resource classes in Vaadin are grouped under two interfaces: a generic
[classname]#Resource# interface and a more specific
[classname]#ConnectorResource# interface for resources provided by the servlet.

[[figure.resource.classdiagram]]
.Resource Interface and Class Diagram
image::img/resource_classdiagram-hi.png[width=80%, scaledwidth=100%]

[[application.resources.file]]
== File Resources

File resources are files stored anywhere in the file system. As such, they can
not be retrieved by a regular URL from the server, but need to be requested
through the Vaadin servlet. The use of file resources is typically necessary for
persistent user data that is not packaged in the web application, which would
not be persistent over redeployments.

A file object that can be accessed as a file resource is defined with the
standard [classname]#java.io.File# class. You can create the file either with an
absolute or relative path, but the base path of the relative path depends on the
installation of the web server. For example, with Apache Tomcat, the default
current directory would be the installation path of Tomcat.

In the following example, we provide an image resource from a file stored in the
web application. Notice that the image is stored under the [filename]#WEB-INF#
folder, which is a special folder that is never accessible using an URL, unlike
the other folders of a web application. This is a security solution - another
would be to store the resource elsewhere in the file system.

[source, java]
----
// Find the application directory
String basepath = VaadinService.getCurrent()
                  .getBaseDirectory().getAbsolutePath();

// Image as a file resource
FileResource resource = new FileResource(new File(basepath +
                        "/WEB-INF/images/image.png"));

// Show the image in the application
Image image = new Image("Image from file", resource);

// Let the user view the file in browser or download it
Link link = new Link("Link to the image file", resource);
----
See the http://demo.vaadin.com/book-examples-vaadin7/book#application.resources.fileresource[on-line example, window="_blank"].

The result, as well as the folder structure where the file is stored under a
regular Eclipse Vaadin project, is shown in
<<figure.application.resources.file>>.

[[figure.application.resources.file]]
.File Resource
image::img/resource-fileresource.png[width=50%, scaledwidth=80%]


[[application.resources.class]]
== Class Loader Resources

The [classname]#ClassResource# allows resources to be loaded from the class path
using Java Class Loader. Normally, the relevant class path entry is the
[filename]#WEB-INF/classes# folder under the web application, where the Java
compilation should compile the Java classes and copy other files from the source
tree.

The one-line example below loads an image resource from the application package
and displays it in an [classname]#Image# component.


[source, java]
----
layout.addComponent(new Image(null,
        new ClassResource("smiley.jpg")));
----
See the http://demo.vaadin.com/book-examples-vaadin7/book#application.resources.classresource[on-line example, window="_blank"].


[[application.resources.theme]]
== Theme Resources

Theme resources of [classname]#ThemeResource# class are files, typically images,
included in a theme. A theme is located with the path
[filename]#VAADIN/themes/themename# in a web application. The name of a theme
resource is given as the parameter for the constructor, with a path relative to
the theme folder.


[source, java]
----
// A theme resource in the current theme ("mytheme")
// Located in: VAADIN/themes/mytheme/img/themeimage.png
ThemeResource resource = new ThemeResource("img/themeimage.png");

// Use the resource
Image image = new Image("My Theme Image", resource);
----
See the http://demo.vaadin.com/book-examples-vaadin7/book#application.resources.themeresource[on-line example, window="_blank"].

The result is shown in <<figure.application.resources.theme>>, also illustrating
the folder structure for the theme resource file in an Eclipse project.

[[figure.application.resources.theme]]
.Theme Resources
image::img/resource-themeimage.png[width=40%, scaledwidth=70%]

To use theme resources, you must set the theme for the UI. See
<<dummy/../../../framework/themes/themes-overview.asciidoc#themes.overview,"Themes">>
for more information regarding themes.


[[application.resources.stream]]
== Stream Resources

Stream resources allow creating dynamic resource content. Charts are typical
examples of dynamic images. To define a stream resource, you need to implement
the [classname]#StreamResource.StreamSource# interface and its
[methodname]#getStream()# method. The method needs to return an
[classname]#InputStream# from which the stream can be read.

The following example demonstrates the creation of a simple image in PNG image
format.

[source, java]
----
import java.awt.image.*;

public class MyImageSource implements StreamSource {
    ByteArrayOutputStream imagebuffer = null;
    int reloads = 0;

    // This method generates the stream contents
    public InputStream getStream () {
        // Create an image
        BufferedImage image = new BufferedImage (400, 400,
                                  BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);
        Graphics2D drawable = image.createGraphics();

        // Draw something static
        drawable.setStroke(new BasicStroke(5));
        drawable.setColor(Color.WHITE);
        drawable.fillRect(0, 0, 400, 400);
        drawable.setColor(Color.BLACK);
        drawable.drawOval(50, 50, 300, 300);

        // Draw something dynamic
        drawable.setFont(new Font("Montserrat",
                                  Font.PLAIN, 48));
        drawable.drawString("Reloads=" + reloads, 75, 216);
        reloads++;
        drawable.setColor(new Color(0, 165, 235));
        int x= (int) (200-10 + 150*Math.sin(reloads * 0.3));
        int y= (int) (200-10 + 150*Math.cos(reloads * 0.3));
        drawable.fillOval(x, y, 20, 20);

        try {
            // Write the image to a buffer
            imagebuffer = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
            ImageIO.write(image, "png", imagebuffer);

            // Return a stream from the buffer
            return new ByteArrayInputStream(
                imagebuffer.toByteArray());
        } catch (IOException e) {
            return null;
        }
    }
}
----

The content of the generated image is dynamic, as it updates the reloads counter
with every call. The [classname]#ImageIO#. [methodname]#write()# method writes
the image to an output stream, while we had to return an input stream, so we
stored the image contents to a temporary buffer.

Below we display the image with the [classname]#Image# component.


[source, java]
----
// Create an instance of our stream source.
StreamSource imagesource = new MyImageSource();

// Create a resource that uses the stream source and give it
// a name. The constructor will automatically register the
// resource in the application.
StreamResource resource =
        new StreamResource(imagesource, "myimage.png");

// Create an image component that gets its contents
// from the resource.
layout.addComponent(new Image("Image title", resource));
----

The resulting image is shown in <<figure.application.resource.stream>>.

[[figure.application.resource.stream]]
.A stream resource
image::img/application_streamresource.png[width=25%, scaledwidth=35%]

Another way to create dynamic content is a request handler, described in
<<dummy/../../../framework/advanced/advanced-requesthandler#advanced.requesthandler,"Request
Handlers">>.
