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---
title: Sub-Windows
order: 7
layout: page
---
[[layout.sub-window]]
= Sub-Windows
ifdef::web[]
[.sampler]
image:{live-demo-image}[alt="Live Demo", link="http://demo.vaadin.com/sampler/#ui/structure/window"]
endif::web[]
__Sub-windows__ are floating panels within a native browser window. Unlike
native browser windows, sub-windows are managed by the client-side runtime of
Vaadin using HTML features. Vaadin allows opening, closing, resizing, maximizing
and restoring sub-windows, as well as scrolling the window content.
[[figure.layout.sub-window.basic]]
.A Sub-Window
image::img/subwindow-basic.png[width=50%, scaledwidth=70%]
Sub-windows are typically used for __Dialog Windows__ and __Multiple Document
Interface__ applications. Sub-windows are by default not modal; you can set them
modal as described in <<layout.sub-window.modal>>.
[[layout.sub-window.openclose]]
== Opening and Closing Sub-Windows
You can open a new sub-window by creating a new [classname]#Window# object and
adding it to the UI with [methodname]#addWindow()#, typically in some event
listener. A sub-window needs a content component, which is typically a layout.
In the following, we display a sub-window immediately when a UI opens:
[source, java]
----
public static class SubWindowUI extends UI {
@Override
protected void init(VaadinRequest request) {
// Some other UI content
setContent(new Label("Here's my UI"));
// Create a sub-window and set the content
Window subWindow = new Window("Sub-window");
VerticalLayout subContent = new VerticalLayout();
subContent.setMargin(true);
subWindow.setContent(subContent);
// Put some components in it
subContent.addComponent(new Label("Meatball sub"));
subContent.addComponent(new Button("Awlright"));
// Center it in the browser window
subWindow.center();
// Open it in the UI
addWindow(subWindow);
}
}
----
The result was shown in <<figure.layout.sub-window.basic>>. Sub-windows by
default have undefined size in both dimensions, so they will shrink to fit the
content.
The user can close a sub-window by clicking the close button in the upper-right
corner of the window. The button is controlled by the __closable__ property, so
you can disable it with [methodname]#setClosable(false)#. You can also use keyboard
shortcuts for closing a sub-window. You can manage the shortcuts with the [methodname]#addCloseShortcut()#,
[methodname]#removeCloseShortcut()#, [methodname]#removeAllCloseShortcuts()#,
[methodname]#hasCloseShortcut()#, and [methodname]#getCloseShortcuts()# methods.
You close a sub-window also programmatically by calling the
[methodname]#close()# for the sub-window, typically in a click listener for an
[guibutton]#OK# or [guibutton]#Cancel# button. You can also call
[methodname]#removeWindow()# for the current [classname]#UI#.
ifdef::web[]
[[layout.sub-window.openclose.example]]
=== Sub-Window Management
Usually, you would extend the [classname]#Window# class for your specific
sub-window as follows:
[source, java]
----
// Define a sub-window by inheritance
class MySub extends Window {
public MySub() {
super("Subs on Sale"); // Set window caption
center();
// Some basic content for the window
VerticalLayout content = new VerticalLayout();
content.addComponent(new Label("Just say it's OK!"));
content.setMargin(true);
setContent(content);
// Disable the close button
setClosable(false);
// Trivial logic for closing the sub-window
Button ok = new Button("OK");
ok.addClickListener(new ClickListener() {
public void buttonClick(ClickEvent event) {
close(); // Close the sub-window
}
});
content.addComponent(ok);
}
}
----
You could open the window as follows:
[source, java]
----
// Some UI logic to open the sub-window
final Button open = new Button("Open Sub-Window");
open.addClickListener(new ClickListener() {
public void buttonClick(ClickEvent event) {
MySub sub = new MySub();
// Add it to the root component
UI.getCurrent().addWindow(sub);
}
});
----
endif::web[]
[[layout.sub-window.position]]
== Window Positioning
When created, a sub-window will have an undefined default size and position. You
can specify the size of a window with [methodname]#setHeight()# and
[methodname]#setWidth()# methods. You can set the position of the window with
[methodname]#setPositionX()# and [methodname]#setPositionY()# methods.
[source, java]
----
// Create a new sub-window
mywindow = new Window("My Dialog");
// Set window size.
mywindow.setHeight("200px");
mywindow.setWidth("400px");
// Set window position.
mywindow.setPositionX(200);
mywindow.setPositionY(50);
UI.getCurrent().addWindow(mywindow);
----
[[layout.sub-window.scrolling]]
== Scrolling Sub-Window Content
((("scroll bars", id="term.layout.sub-window.scrolling.scrollbars", range="startofrange")))
If a sub-window has a fixed or percentual size and its content becomes too big
to fit in the content area, a scroll bar will appear for the particular
direction. On the other hand, if the sub-window has undefined size in the
direction, it will fit the size of the content and never get a scroll bar.
Scroll bars in sub-windows are handled with regular HTML features, namely
[literal]#++overflow: auto++# property in CSS.
((("overflow")))
((("[interfacename]#Scrollable#")))
As [classname]#Window# extends [classname]#Panel#, windows are also
[interfacename]#Scrollable#. Note that the interface defines __programmatic
scrolling__, not scrolling by the user. Please see
<<dummy/../../../framework/layout/layout-panel#layout.panel,"Panel">>.
(((range="endofrange", startref="term.layout.sub-window.scrolling.scrollbars")))
[[layout.sub-window.modal]]
== Modal Sub-Windows
A modal window is a sub-window that prevents interaction with the other UI.
Dialog windows, as illustrated in <<figure.layout.sub-window.modal>>, are
typical cases of modal windows. The advantage of modal windows is limiting the
scope of user interaction to a sub-task, so changes in application state are
more limited. The disadvantage of modal windows is that they can restrict
workflow too much.
You can make a sub-window modal with [methodname]#setModal(true)#.
[[figure.layout.sub-window.modal]]
.Modal Sub-Window
image::img/subwindow-modal.png[width=70%, scaledwidth=100%]
Depending on the theme, the parent window may be grayed when the modal window is
open.
[WARNING]
.Security Warning
====
Modality of child windows is purely a client-side feature and can be
circumvented with client-side attack code. You should not trust in the modality
of child windows in security-critical situations such as login windows.
====
|
