1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573
574
575
576
577
578
579
580
581
582
583
584
585
586
587
588
589
590
591
592
593
594
595
596
597
598
599
600
601
602
603
604
605
606
607
608
609
610
611
612
613
614
615
616
617
618
619
620
621
622
623
624
625
626
627
628
629
630
631
632
633
634
635
636
637
638
639
640
641
642
643
644
645
646
647
648
649
650
651
652
653
654
655
656
657
658
659
660
661
662
663
664
665
666
667
668
669
670
671
672
673
674
675
676
677
678
679
680
681
682
683
684
685
686
687
688
689
690
691
692
693
694
695
696
697
698
699
700
701
702
703
704
705
706
707
708
709
710
711
712
713
714
715
716
717
718
719
720
721
722
723
724
725
726
727
728
729
730
731
732
733
734
735
736
737
738
739
740
741
742
743
744
745
746
747
748
749
750
751
752
753
754
755
756
757
758
759
760
761
762
763
764
765
766
767
768
769
770
771
772
773
774
775
776
777
778
779
780
781
782
783
784
785
786
787
788
789
790
791
792
793
794
795
796
797
798
799
800
801
802
803
804
805
806
807
808
809
810
811
812
813
814
815
816
817
818
819
820
821
822
823
824
825
826
827
828
829
830
831
832
833
834
835
836
837
838
839
840
841
842
843
844
845
846
847
848
849
850
851
852
853
854
855
856
857
858
859
860
861
862
863
864
865
866
867
868
869
870
871
872
873
874
875
876
877
878
879
880
881
882
883
884
885
886
887
888
889
890
891
892
893
894
895
896
897
898
899
900
901
902
903
904
905
906
907
908
909
910
911
912
913
914
915
916
917
918
919
920
921
922
923
924
925
926
927
928
929
930
931
932
933
934
935
936
937
938
939
940
941
942
943
944
945
946
947
948
949
950
951
952
953
954
955
956
957
958
959
960
961
962
963
964
965
966
967
968
969
970
971
972
973
974
975
976
977
978
979
980
981
982
983
984
985
986
987
988
989
990
991
992
993
994
995
996
997
998
999
1000
1001
1002
1003
1004
1005
1006
1007
1008
1009
1010
1011
1012
1013
1014
1015
1016
1017
1018
1019
1020
1021
1022
1023
1024
1025
1026
1027
1028
1029
1030
1031
1032
1033
1034
1035
1036
1037
1038
1039
1040
1041
1042
1043
1044
1045
1046
1047
1048
1049
1050
1051
1052
1053
1054
1055
1056
1057
1058
1059
1060
1061
1062
1063
1064
1065
1066
1067
1068
1069
1070
1071
1072
1073
1074
1075
1076
1077
1078
1079
1080
1081
1082
1083
1084
1085
1086
1087
1088
1089
1090
1091
1092
1093
1094
1095
1096
1097
1098
1099
1100
1101
1102
1103
1104
1105
1106
1107
1108
1109
1110
1111
1112
1113
1114
1115
1116
1117
1118
1119
1120
1121
1122
1123
1124
1125
1126
1127
1128
1129
1130
1131
1132
1133
1134
1135
1136
1137
1138
1139
1140
1141
1142
1143
1144
1145
1146
1147
1148
1149
1150
1151
1152
1153
1154
1155
1156
1157
1158
1159
1160
1161
1162
1163
1164
1165
1166
1167
1168
1169
1170
1171
1172
1173
1174
1175
1176
1177
1178
1179
1180
1181
1182
1183
1184
1185
1186
1187
1188
1189
1190
1191
1192
1193
1194
1195
1196
1197
1198
1199
1200
1201
1202
1203
1204
1205
1206
1207
1208
1209
1210
1211
1212
1213
1214
1215
1216
1217
1218
1219
1220
1221
1222
1223
1224
1225
1226
1227
1228
1229
1230
1231
1232
1233
1234
1235
1236
1237
1238
1239
1240
1241
1242
1243
1244
1245
1246
1247
1248
1249
1250
1251
1252
1253
1254
1255
1256
1257
1258
1259
1260
1261
1262
1263
1264
1265
1266
1267
1268
1269
1270
1271
1272
1273
1274
1275
1276
1277
1278
1279
1280
1281
1282
1283
1284
1285
1286
1287
1288
1289
1290
1291
1292
1293
1294
1295
1296
1297
1298
1299
1300
1301
1302
1303
1304
1305
1306
1307
1308
1309
1310
1311
1312
1313
1314
1315
1316
1317
1318
1319
1320
1321
1322
1323
1324
1325
1326
1327
1328
1329
1330
1331
1332
1333
1334
1335
1336
1337
1338
1339
1340
1341
1342
1343
1344
1345
1346
1347
1348
1349
1350
1351
1352
1353
1354
1355
1356
1357
1358
1359
1360
1361
1362
1363
1364
1365
1366
1367
1368
1369
1370
1371
1372
1373
1374
1375
1376
1377
1378
1379
1380
1381
1382
1383
1384
1385
1386
1387
1388
1389
1390
1391
1392
1393
1394
1395
1396
1397
1398
1399
1400
1401
|
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
<!--
Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with
this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
(the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
limitations under the License.
-->
<!-- $Id$ -->
<!DOCTYPE document PUBLIC "-//APACHE//DTD Documentation V2.0//EN" "http://forrest.apache.org/dtd/document-v20.dtd">
<!-- Output Formats: Renderers -->
<document>
<header>
<title>Apache™ FOP Output Formats</title>
<version>$Revision$</version>
<authors>
<person name="Keiron Liddle" email="keiron@aftexsw.com"/>
<person name="Art Welch" email=""/>
</authors>
</header>
<body>
<p>
Apache™ FOP supports multiple output formats by using a different renderer for each format.
The renderers do not all have the same set of capabilities, sometimes because of
the output format itself, sometimes because some renderers get more development
attention than others.
</p>
<section id="general">
<title>General Information</title>
<section id="general-fonts">
<title>Fonts</title>
<p>
Most FOP renderers use a FOP-specific system for font registration.
However, the Java2D/AWT and print renderers use the Java AWT package, which gets its
font information from the operating system registration.
This can result in several differences, including actually using different fonts,
and having different font metrics for the same font.
The net effect is that the layout of a given FO document can be quite different between
renderers that do not use the same font information.
</p>
<p>
Theoretically, there's some potential to make the output of the PDF/PS renderers match
the output of the Java2D-based renderers. If FOP used the font metrics from its own
font subsystem but still used Java2D for text painting in the Java2D-based renderers,
this could probably be achieved. However, this approach hasn't been implemented, yet.
</p>
<p>
With a work-around, it is possible to match the PDF/PS output in a Java2D-based
renderer pretty closely. The clue is to use the
<a href="intermediate.html">intermediate format</a>. The trick is to layout the
document using FOP's own font subsystem but then render the document using Java2D.
Here are the necessary steps (using the command-line):
</p>
<ol>
<li>
Produce an IF file: <code>fop -fo myfile.fo -at application/pdf myfile.at.xml</code><br/>
Specifying "application/pdf" for the "-at" parameter causes FOP to use FOP's own
font subsystem (which is used by the PDF renderer). Note that no PDF file is created
in this step.
</li>
<li>Render to a PDF file: <code>fop -atin myfile.at.xml -pdf myfile.pdf</code></li>
<li>Render to a Java2D-based renderer:
<ul>
<li><code>fop -atin myfile.at.xml -print</code></li>
<li><code>fop -atin myfile.at.xml -awt</code></li>
<li><code>fop -atin myfile.at.xml -tiff myfile.tiff</code></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ol>
</section>
<section id="general-direct-output">
<title>Output to a Printer or Other Device</title>
<p>
The most obvious way to print your document is to use the FOP
<a href="#print">print renderer</a>, which uses the Java2D API (AWT).
However, you can also send output from the Postscript renderer directly to a Postscript
device, or output from the PCL renderer directly to a PCL device.
</p>
<p>
Here are Windows command-line examples for Postscript and PCL:
</p>
<source><![CDATA[fop ... -ps \\computername\printer]]></source>
<source><![CDATA[fop ... -pcl \\computername\printer]]></source>
<p>
Here is some Java code to accomplish the task in UNIX:
</p>
<source><![CDATA[proc = Runtime.getRuntime().exec("lp -d" + print_queue + " -o -dp -");
out = proc.getOutputStream();]]></source>
<p>
Set the output MIME type to "application/x-pcl" (MimeConstants.MIME_PCL) and
it happily sends the PCL to the UNIX printer queue.
</p>
</section>
</section>
<section id="pdf">
<title>PDF</title>
<p>
PDF is the best supported output format. It is also the most accurate
with text and layout. This creates a PDF document that is streamed out
as each page is rendered. This means that the internal page index
information is stored near the end of the document.
The PDF version supported is 1.4. PDF versions are forwards/backwards
compatible.
</p>
<p>
Note that FOP does not currently support PDF/A-1a.
Support for <a href="accessibility.html">Tagged PDF</a>, <a href="pdfa.html">PDF/A-1b</a>
and <a href="pdfx.html">PDF/X</a> has recently been added, however.
</p>
<section id="pdf-fonts">
<title>Fonts</title>
<p>
PDF has a set of fonts that are always available to all PDF viewers;
to quote from the PDF Specification:
<em>"PDF prescribes a set of 14 standard fonts that can be used without prior
definition.
These include four faces each of three Latin text typefaces (Courier,
Helvetica, and Times), as well as two symbolic fonts (Symbol and ITC Zapf
Dingbats). These fonts, or suitable substitute fonts with the same metrics, are
guaranteed to be available in all PDF viewer applications."</em>
</p>
</section>
<section id="pdf-postprocess">
<title>Post-processing</title>
<p>
FOP does not currently support several desirable PDF features: watermarks and signatures.
One workaround is to use Adobe Acrobat (the full version, not the Reader) to process
the file manually or with scripting that it supports.
</p>
<p>
Another popular post-processing tool is <a href="http://www.lowagie.com/iText">iText</a>,
which has tools for adding security features, document properties, watermarks, and many
other features to PDF files.
</p>
<warning>
Caveat: iText may swallow PDF bookmarks. But
<a href="http://issues.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=37589">Jens Stavnstrup tells us</a>
that this doesn't happen if you use iText's PDFStamper.
</warning>
<p>
Here is some sample code that uses iText to encrypt a FOP-generated PDF. (Note that FOP now
supports <a href="pdfencryption.html">PDF encryption</a>. However the principles for using
iText for other PDF features are similar.)
</p>
<source><![CDATA[public static void main(String args[]) {
try {
ByteArrayOutputStream fopout = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
FileOutputStream outfile = new FileOutputStream(args[2]);
FopFactory fopFactory = FopFactory.newInstance();
Fop fop = fopFactory.newFop(MimeConstants.MIME_PDF, fopout);
Transformer transformer = TransformerFactory.newInstance().newTransformer(
new StreamSource(new File(args[1])));
transformer.transform(new StreamSource(new File(args[0])),
new SAXResult(fop.getDefaultHandler()));
PdfReader reader = new PdfReader(fopout.toByteArray());
int n = reader.getNumberOfPages();
Document document = new Document(reader.getPageSizeWithRotation(1));
PdfWriter writer = PdfWriter.getInstance(document, outfile);
writer.setEncryption(PdfWriter.STRENGTH40BITS, "pdf", null,
PdfWriter.AllowCopy);
document.open();
PdfContentByte cb = writer.getDirectContent();
PdfImportedPage page;
int rotation;
int i = 0;
while (i < n) {
i++;
document.setPageSize(reader.getPageSizeWithRotation(i));
document.newPage();
page = writer.getImportedPage(reader, i);
rotation = reader.getPageRotation(i);
if (rotation == 90 || rotation == 270) {
cb.addTemplate(page, 0, -1f, 1f, 0, 0,
reader.getPageSizeWithRotation(i).height());
} else {
cb.addTemplate(page, 1f, 0, 0, 1f, 0, 0);
}
System.out.println("Processed page " + i);
}
document.close();
} catch( Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}]]></source>
<p>
Check the iText tutorial and documentation for setting access flags, password,
encryption strength and other parameters.
</p>
</section>
<section id="pdf-watermark">
<title>Watermarks</title>
<p>
In addition to the <a href="#pdf-postprocess">PDF Post-processing</a> options, consider the following workarounds:
</p>
<ul>
<li>
Use a background image for the body region.
</li>
<li>
(submitted by Trevor Campbell) Place an image in a
region that overlaps the flowing text. For example, make
region-before large enough to contain your image. Then include a
block (if necessary, use an absolutely positioned block-container)
containing the watermark image in the static-content for the
region-before. Note that the image will be drawn on top of the
normal content.
</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section id="pdf-extensions">
<title>Extensions</title>
<p>The PDF Renderer supports some PDF specific extensions which can be embedded
into the input FO document. To use the extensions the appropriate namespace must
be declared in the fo:root element like this:</p>
<source><![CDATA[
<fo:root xmlns:fo="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Format"
xmlns:pdf="http://xmlgraphics.apache.org/fop/extensions/pdf">
]]></source>
<section id="pdf-embedded-file">
<title>Embedded Files</title>
<p>
It is possible to attach/embed arbitrary files into a PDF file. You can give a name and
a description of the file. Example:
</p>
<source><![CDATA[
<fo:declarations>
<pdf:embedded-file filename="image.jpg" src="url(file:///C:/Temp/myimage.jpg)" description="My image"/>
<pdf:embedded-file src="url(file:///C:/Temp/MyTextDoc.odt)"/>
</fo:declarations>
]]></source>
<p>
<code>pdf:embedded-file</code> must be a child of <code>fo:declarations</code>.
The "src" property is used to reference the file that is to be embedded. This property
uses the "uri-specification" datatype from the XSL-FO specification.
The "filename" property is optional. If it is missing the filename is automatically set
from the URI/IRI of the "src" property. An optional description can also be added to
further describe the file attachment.
</p>
<p>
It is also possible to reference an embedded file from an <code>fo:basic-link</code>.
Use the special "embedded-file:" URI scheme with the filename as single argument after
the URI scheme. Example:
</p>
<source><![CDATA[
<fo:basic-link external-destination="url(embedded-file:image.jpg)">Attached Image</fo:basic-link>
]]></source>
<p>
Note: Not all PDF Viewers (including some Acrobat Versions) will open the embedded file
when clicking on the link. In that case, the user will have to open he attachment via
the separate list of file attachments.
</p>
</section>
</section>
</section>
<section id="ps">
<title>PostScript</title>
<p>
The PostScript renderer has been brought up to a similar quality as the
PDF renderer, but may still be missing certain features. It provides good
support for most text and layout.
Images and SVG are not fully supported, yet. Currently, the PostScript
renderer generates PostScript Level 3 with most DSC comments. Actually,
the only Level 3 features used are the FlateDecode and DCTDecode
filter (the latter is used for 1:1 embedding of JPEG images), everything
else is Level 2.
</p>
<section id="ps-configuration">
<title>Configuration</title>
<p>
The PostScript renderer configuration currently allows the following settings:
</p>
<source><![CDATA[<renderer mime="application/postscript">
<auto-rotate-landscape>false</auto-rotate-landscape>
<language-level>3</language-level>
<optimize-resources>false</optimize-resources>
<safe-set-page-device>false</safe-set-page-device>
<dsc-compliant>true</dsc-compliant>
<rendering>quality</rendering>
</renderer>]]></source>
<p>
The default value for the "auto-rotate-landscape" setting is "false". Setting it
to "true" will automatically rotate landscape pages and will mark them as landscape.
</p>
<p>
The default value for the "language-level" setting is "3". This setting specifies
the PostScript language level which should be used by FOP. Set this to "2"
only if you don't have a Level 3 capable interpreter.
</p>
<p>
The default value for the "optimize-resources" setting is "false". Setting it
to "true" will produce the PostScript file in two steps. A temporary file will be
written first which will then be processed to add only the fonts which were really
used and images are added to the stream only once as PostScript forms. This will
reduce file size but can potentially increase the memory needed in the interpreter
to process.
</p>
<p>
The default value for the "safe-set-page-device" setting is "false". Setting it
to "true" will cause the renderer to invoke a postscript macro which guards against
the possibility of invalid/unsupported postscript key/values being issued to the
implementing postscript page device.
</p>
<p>
The default value for the "dsc-compliant" setting is "true". Setting it
to "false" will break DSC compliance by minimizing the number of setpagedevice
calls in the postscript document output. This feature may be useful when unwanted
blank pages are experienced in your postscript output. This problem is caused by
the particular postscript implementation issuing unwanted postscript subsystem
initgraphics/erasepage calls on each setpagedevice call.
</p>
<p>
The default value for the "rendering" setting is "quality". Setting it to "size"
optimizes rendering for smaller file sizes which can involve minor compromises in
rendering quality. For example, solid borders are then painted as plain rectangles
instead of the elaborate painting instructions required for mixed-color borders.
</p>
</section>
<section id="ps-limitations">
<title>Limitations</title>
<ul>
<li>Images and SVG may not be displayed correctly. SVG support is far from being complete. No image transparency is available.</li>
<li>Only Type 1 fonts are supported.</li>
<li>Multibyte characters are not supported.</li>
<li>PPD support is still missing.</li>
</ul>
</section>
</section>
<section id="pcl">
<title>PCL</title>
<p>
This format is for the Hewlett-Packard PCL printers and other printers
supporting PCL. It should produce output as close to identical as possible
to the printed output of the PDFRenderer within the limitations of the
renderer, and output device.
</p>
<p>
The output created by the PCLRenderer is generic PCL 5, HP GL/2 and PJL.
This should allow any device fully supporting PCL 5 to be able to
print the output generated by the PCLRenderer. PJL is used to control the
print job and switch to the PCL language. PCL 5 is used for text, raster
graphics and rectangular fill graphics. HP GL/2 is used for more complex
painting operations. Certain painting operations are done off-screen and
rendered to PCL as bitmaps because of limitations in PCL 5.
</p>
<section id="pcl-references">
<title>References</title>
<ul>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Printer_Control_Language">WikiPedia entry on PCL</a></li>
<li><a href="http://h20000.www2.hp.com/bizsupport/TechSupport/Document.jsp?objectID=bpl04568">Technical reference documents on PCL from Hewlett-Packard</a></li>
</ul>
</section>
<section id="pcl-limitations">
<title>Limitations</title>
<ul>
<li>
Text or graphics outside the left or top of the printable area are not
rendered properly. This is a limitation of PCL, not FOP. In general,
things that should print to the left of the printable area are shifted
to the right so that they start at the left edge of the printable area.
</li>
<li>
The Helvetica and Times fonts are not well supported among PCL printers
so Helvetica is mapped to Arial and Times is mapped to Times New. This
is done in the PCLRenderer, no changes are required in the FO's. The
metrics and appearance for Helvetica/Arial and Times/Times New are
nearly identical, so this has not been a problem so far.
</li>
<li>For the non-symbol fonts, the ISO 8859-1 symbol set is used (PCL set "0N").</li>
<li>
All fonts available to the Java2D subsystem are usable. The texts are
painted as bitmap much like the Windows PCL drivers do.
</li>
<li>Multibyte characters are not supported.</li>
<li>
At the moment, only monochrome output is supported. PCL5c color extensions
will only be implemented on demand. Color and grayscale images are converted
to monochrome bitmaps (1-bit). Dithering only occurs if the JAI image library
is available.
</li>
<li>
Images are scaled up to the next resolution level supported by PCL (75,
100, 150, 200, 300, 600 dpi). For color and grayscale images an even
higher PCL resolution is selected to give the dithering algorithm a chance
to improve the bitmap quality.
</li>
<li>
Currently, there's no support for clipping and image transparency, largely
because PCL 5 has certain limitations.
</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section id="pcl-configuration">
<title>Configuration</title>
<p>
The PCL renderer configuration currently allows the following settings:
</p>
<source><![CDATA[<renderer mime="application/x-pcl">
<rendering>quality</rendering>
<text-rendering>bitmap</text-rendering>
<disable-pjl>false</disable-pjl>
</renderer>]]></source>
<p>
The default value for the "rendering" setting is "speed" which causes borders
to be painted as plain rectangles. In this mode, no special borders (dotted,
dashed etc.) are available. If you want support for all border modes, set the
value to "quality" as indicated above. This will cause the borders to be painted
as bitmaps.
</p>
<p>
The default value for the "text-rendering" setting is "auto" which paints the
base fonts using PCL fonts. Non-base fonts are painted as bitmaps through Java2D.
If the mix of painting methods results in unwelcome output, you can set this
to "bitmap" which causes all text to be rendered as bitmaps.
</p>
<p>
The default value for the "disable-pjl" setting is "false". This means that
the PCL renderer usually generates PJL commands before and after the document
in order to switch a printer into PCL language. PJL commands can be disabled
if you set this value to "true".
</p>
<p>
You can control the output resolution for the PCL using the "target resolution"
setting on the FOUserAgent. The actual value will be rounded up to the next
supported PCL resolution. Currently, only 300 and 600 dpi are supported which
should be enough for most use cases. Note that this setting directly affects
the size of the output file and the print quality.
</p>
</section>
<section id="pcl-extensions">
<title>Extensions</title>
<p>The PCL Renderer supports some PCL specific extensions which can be embedded
into the input FO document. To use the extensions the appropriate namespace must
be declared in the fo:root element like this:</p>
<source><![CDATA[
<fo:root xmlns:fo="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Format"
xmlns:pcl="http://xmlgraphics.apache.org/fop/extensions/pcl">
]]></source>
<section id="pcl-page-source">
<title>Page Source (Tray selection)</title>
<p>
The page-source extension attribute on fo:simple-page-master allows to
select the paper tray the sheet for a particular simple-page-master is
to be taken from. Example:
</p>
<source><![CDATA[
<fo:layout-master-set>
<fo:simple-page-master master-name="simple" pcl:paper-source="2">
...
</fo:simple-page-master>
</fo:layout-master-set>
]]></source>
<p>
Note: the tray number is a positive integer and the value depends on
the target printer. Not all PCL printers support the same paper trays.
Usually,
"1" is the default tray,
"2" is the manual paper feed,
"3" is the manual envelope feed,
"4" is the "lower" tray and
"7" is "auto-select".
Consult the technical reference for your printer for all available values.
</p>
</section>
<section id="pcl-output-bin">
<title>Output Bin</title>
<p>
The <code>output-bin</code> extension attribute on fo:simple-page-master allows to
select the output bin into which the printed output should be fed. Example:
</p>
<source><![CDATA[
<fo:layout-master-set>
<fo:simple-page-master master-name="simple" pcl:output-bin="2">
...
</fo:simple-page-master>
</fo:layout-master-set>
]]></source>
<p>
Note: the output bin number is a positive integer and the value depends on
the target printer. Not all PCL printers support the same output bins.
Usually,
"1" is the upper output bin,
"2" is the lower (rear) output bin.
Consult the technical reference for your printer for all available values.
</p>
</section>
<section id="pcl-duplex-mode">
<title>Page Duplex Mode</title>
<p>
The duplex-mode extension attribute on fo:simple-page-master allows to
select the duplex mode to be used for a particular simple-page-master.
Example:
</p>
<source><![CDATA[
<fo:layout-master-set>
<fo:simple-page-master master-name="simple" pcl:duplex-mode="0">
...
</fo:simple-page-master>
</fo:layout-master-set>
]]></source>
<p>
Note: the duplex is a positive integer and the value depends on
the target printer. Not all PCL printers support duplexing.
Usually,
"0" is simplex,
"1" is duplex (long-edge binding),
"2" is duplex (short-edge binding).
Consult the technical reference for your printer for all available values.
</p>
</section>
</section>
</section>
<section id="afp">
<title>AFP</title>
<p>
The FOP AFP Renderer deals with creating documents conforming to the IBM AFP document architecture
also refered to as MO:DCA (Mixed Object Document Content Architecture).
</p>
<p>
The mapping of XSL-FO elements to the major MO:DCA structures is as follows:
</p>
<table>
<tr>
<th>XSL-FO element</th>
<th>MO:DCA-P object</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>fo:root</td>
<td>Document</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>fo:page-sequence</td>
<td>Page Group</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>fo:simple-page-master</td>
<td>Page</td>
</tr>
</table>
<p>
FOP creates exactly one Document per Printfile with an optional Resource Group at the
beginning. FOP does not create document indices.
</p>
<section id="afp-references">
<title>References</title>
<ul>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Function_Presentation">AFP (Advanced Function Presentation)</a></li>
<li><a href="http://wiki.apache.org/xmlgraphics-fop/AFPResources">AFP Resources on the FOP WIKI</a></li>
<li><a href="http://wiki.apache.org/xmlgraphics-fop/AFPOutput">Technical notes on AFP output in FOP</a></li>
</ul>
</section>
<section id="afp-limitations">
<title>Limitations</title>
<p>This list is most likely badly incomplete.</p>
<ul>
<li>
Clipping of text and graphics is not supported.
</li>
<li>
Only IBM outline and raster fonts and to a limited extend the original fonts built into FOP are supported.
Support for TrueType fonts may be added later.
</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section id="afp-compatibility">
<title>Deployment in older environments</title>
<p>
There are still a big number of older (or limited) MO:DCA/IPDS environments in production
out there. AFP has grown in functionality over time and not every environment supports the
latest features. We're trying to make AFP output work in as many environments as possible.
However, to make AFP output work on older environments it is recommended to set to
configuration to 1 bit per pixel (see below on how to do this). In this case, all images
are converted to bi-level images using IOCA function set 10 (FS10) and are enclosed in
page-segments since some implementation cannot deal with IOCA objects directly.
If a higher number of bits per pixel is configured, FOP has to switch to at least FS11
which may not work everywhere.
</p>
</section>
<section id="afp-configuration">
<title>Configuration</title>
<section id="afp-font-config">
<title>Fonts</title>
<p>The AFP Renderer requires special configuration particularly related to fonts.
AFP Render configuration is done through the normal FOP configuration file. The MIME type
for the AFP Renderer is application/x-afp which means the AFP Renderer section in the FOP configuration file
looks like:</p>
<source><![CDATA[<renderer mime="application/x-afp">
<!-- AFP Renderer -->
...
</renderer>]]></source>
<p>There are 4 font configuration variants supported:</p>
<ol>
<li>IBM Raster fonts</li>
<li>IBM Outline fonts</li>
<li>IBM CID-keyed (Type 0) fonts</li>
<li>FOP built-in Base14 fonts</li>
</ol>
<p>A typical raster font configuration looks like:</p>
<source><![CDATA[ <!-- This is an example of mapping actual IBM raster fonts / code pages to a FOP font -->
<font>
<!-- The afp-font element defines the IBM code page, the matching Java encoding and the
base URI for the font -->
<afp-font type="raster" codepage="T1V10500" encoding="Cp500" base-uri="fonts/ibm/">
<!-- For a raster font a separate element for each font size is required providing
the font size and the corresponding IBM Character set name -->
<afp-raster-font size="7" characterset="C0N20070"/>
<afp-raster-font size="8" characterset="C0N20080"/>
<afp-raster-font size="10" characterset="C0N20000"/>
<afp-raster-font size="11" characterset="C0N200A0"/>
<afp-raster-font size="12" characterset="C0N200B0"/>
<afp-raster-font size="14" characterset="C0N200D0"/>
<afp-raster-font size="16" characterset="C0N200F0"/>
<afp-raster-font size="18" characterset="C0N200H0"/>
<afp-raster-font size="20" characterset="C0N200J0"/>
<afp-raster-font size="24" characterset="C0N200N0"/>
<afp-raster-font size="30" characterset="C0N200T0"/>
<afp-raster-font size="36" characterset="C0N200Z0"/>
</afp-font>
<!-- These are the usual FOP font triplets as they apply to this font -->
<font-triplet name="serif" style="normal" weight="normal"/>
<font-triplet name="Times" style="normal" weight="normal"/>
<font-triplet name="Times-Roman" style="normal" weight="normal"/>
<font-triplet name="TimesNewRoman" style="normal" weight="normal"/>
</font>]]></source>
<p>An outline font configuration is simpler as the individual font size entries are not required.
However, the characterset definition is now required within the afp-font element.</p>
<source><![CDATA[ <font>
<afp-font type="outline" codepage="T1V10500" encoding="Cp500" characterset="CZH200 "
base-uri="file:/fonts/ibm" />
<font-triplet name="sans-serif" style="normal" weight="normal"/>
<font-triplet name="Helvetica" style="normal" weight="normal"/>
<font-triplet name="any" style="normal" weight="normal"/>
</font>
]]></source>
<p>
If "base-uri" is missing or a relative URI, the fonts are resolved relative to
the font base URI specified in the configuration (or on the FopFactory).
</p>
<note>
Previously, the location of the font files was given by the "path" attribute. This is still
supported for the time being, but you should move to using the more flexible "base-uri"
attribute so you can profit from the power of URI resolvers.
</note>
<p>A CID-keyed font (Type 0, double-byte outline font) configuration is much the same as an outline font.
However, the characterset definition is now required within the afp-font element.</p>
<source><![CDATA[ <font>
<afp-font type="CIDKeyed" characterset="CZJHMNU"
codepage="T1120000" encoding="UnicodeBigUnmarked"
base-uri="file:/fonts/ibm" />
<font-triplet name="J-Heisei Mincho" style="normal" weight="normal" />
</font>
]]></source>
<p>
Note that the value of the encoding attribute in the example is the double-byte encoding 'UnicodeBigUnmarked' (UTF-16BE).
</p>
<p>Experimentation has shown that the font metrics for the FOP built-in Base14 fonts are actually
very similar to some of the IBM outline and raster fonts. In cases were the IBM font files are not
available the base-uri attribute in the afp-font element can be replaced by a base14-font attribute
giving the name of the matching Base14 font. In this case the AFP Renderer will take the
font metrics from the built-in font.</p>
<source><![CDATA[ <!-- The following are examples of defining outline fonts based on FOP built-in
font metrics for the Adobe Base14 fonts -->
<!-- sans-serif fonts based on Helvetica -->
<font>
<afp-font type="outline" codepage="T1V10500" encoding="Cp500" characterset="CZH200 "
base14-font="Helvetica" />
<font-triplet name="sans-serif" style="normal" weight="normal"/>
<font-triplet name="Helvetica" style="normal" weight="normal"/>
<font-triplet name="any" style="normal" weight="normal"/>
</font>
<font>
<afp-font type="outline" codepage="T1V10500" encoding="Cp500" characterset="CZH300 "
base14-font="HelveticaOblique" />
<font-triplet name="sans-serif" style="italic" weight="normal"/>
<font-triplet name="Helvetica" style="italic" weight="normal"/>
<font-triplet name="any" style="italic" weight="normal"/>
</font>
<font>
<afp-font type="outline" codepage="T1V10500" encoding="Cp500" characterset="CZH400 "
base14-font="HelveticaBold" />
<font-triplet name="sans-serif" style="normal" weight="bold"/>
<font-triplet name="Helvetica" style="normal" weight="bold"/>
<font-triplet name="any" style="normal" weight="bold"/>
</font>
<font>
<afp-font type="outline" codepage="T1V10500" encoding="Cp500" characterset="CZH500 "
base14-font="HelveticaBoldOblique" />
<font-triplet name="sans-serif" style="italic" weight="bold"/>
<font-triplet name="Helvetica" style="italic" weight="bold"/>
<font-triplet name="any" style="italic" weight="bold"/>
</font>
<!-- serif fonts based on Times Roman -->
<font>
<afp-font type="outline" codepage="T1V10500" encoding="Cp500" characterset="CZN200 "
base14-font="TimesRoman" />
<font-triplet name="serif" style="normal" weight="normal"/>
<font-triplet name="Times" style="normal" weight="normal"/>
<font-triplet name="Times-Roman" style="normal" weight="normal"/>
</font>
<!-- The following are examples of defining raster fonts based on FOP built-in
font metrics for the Adobe Base14 fonts -->
<!-- monospaced fonts based on Courier -->
<font>
<afp-font type="raster" codepage="T1V10500" encoding="Cp500">
<afp-raster-font size="7" characterset="C0420070" base14-font="Courier"/>
<afp-raster-font size="8" characterset="C0420080" base14-font="Courier"/>
<afp-raster-font size="10" characterset="C0420000" base14-font="Courier"/>
<afp-raster-font size="12" characterset="C04200B0" base14-font="Courier"/>
<afp-raster-font size="14" characterset="C04200D0" base14-font="Courier"/>
<afp-raster-font size="20" characterset="C04200J0" base14-font="Courier"/>
</afp-font>
<font-triplet name="monospace" style="normal" weight="normal"/>
<font-triplet name="Courier" style="normal" weight="normal"/>
</font>
<font>
<afp-font type="raster" codepage="T1V10500" encoding="Cp500">
<afp-raster-font size="7" characterset="C0440070" base14-font="CourierBold"/>
<afp-raster-font size="8" characterset="C0440080" base14-font="CourierBold"/>
<afp-raster-font size="10" characterset="C0440000" base14-font="CourierBold"/>
<afp-raster-font size="12" characterset="C04400B0" base14-font="CourierBold"/>
<afp-raster-font size="14" characterset="C04400D0" base14-font="CourierBold"/>
<afp-raster-font size="20" characterset="C04400J0" base14-font="CourierBold"/>
</afp-font>
<font-triplet name="monospace" style="normal" weight="bold"/>
<font-triplet name="Courier" style="normal" weight="bold"/>
</font>]]></source>
<p>
By default, all manually configured fonts are embedded, unless they are matched in the
<a href="fonts.html#embedding"><code>referenced-fonts</code> section of the configuration file</a>.
However, the default fonts shown above will not be embedded.
</p>
<p>
For double byte EBCDIC encoded character sets, there is an optional tag that must be set to prevent
characters from being miscoded. This defaults to "false" if not specified.</p>
<source><![CDATA[
<afp-font type="CIDKeyed" codepage="T10835 " encoding="Cp937" characterset="CZTKAI" ebcdic-dbcs="true"/>]]>
</source>
</section>
<section id="afp-renderer-resolution-config">
<title>Output Resolution</title>
<p>By default the AFP Renderer creates output with a resolution of 240 dpi.
This can be overridden by the <renderer-resolution/> configuration element. Example:</p>
<source><![CDATA[
<renderer-resolution>240</renderer-resolution>]]></source>
</section>
<section id="afp-line-width-correction-config">
<title>Line Width Correction</title>
<p>The default line width in AFP is device dependent. This means that a line width specified in, say,
a SVG source file may not render the way it was intended. The output AFP line with can be corrected
by the <line-width-correction/> configuration element. Example:</p>
<source><![CDATA[
<line-width-correction>2.5</line-width-correction>]]></source>
</section>
<section id="afp-image-config">
<title>Images</title>
<p>By default the AFP Renderer converts all images to 8 bit grey level.
This can be overridden by the <images/> configuration element. Example:</p>
<source><![CDATA[
<images mode="color" />
]]></source>
<p>This will put images as RGB images into the AFP output stream. The default setting is:</p>
<source><![CDATA[
<images mode="b+w" bits-per-pixel="8" native="true"/>
]]></source>
<p>Only the values "color" and "b+w" are allowed for the mode attribute.</p>
<p>The bits-per-pixel attribute is ignored if mode is "color". For "b+w" mode is must be 1, 4, or 8.</p>
<source><![CDATA[
<images native="true"/>
]]></source>
<p>When the native attribute is specified and set to "true", all image resources will be natively injected
into the datastream using an object container rather than being converted into an IOCA FS45 image.
Support for native image formats (e.g. JPEG, TIFF, GIF) is not always available on printer implementations
so by default this configuration option is set to "false".</p>
<p>
Setting <code>cmyk="true"</code> on the <code>images</code> element will enable CMYK
colors. This will only have an effect if the color mode is set to "color". Example:
</p>
<source><![CDATA[
<images mode="color" cmyk="true"/>]]></source>
<p>
When the color mode is set to 1 bit (bi-level), the "dithering-quality" attribute can
be used to select the level of quality to use when converting images to bi-level images.
Valid values for this attribute are floating point numbers from 0.0 (fastest) to
1.0 (best), or special values: "minimum" (=0.0), "maximum" (1.0),
"medium" (0.5, the default). For the higher settings to work as expected, JAI needs to
be present in the classpath. If JAI is present, 0.0 results in a minimal darkness-level
switching between white and black. 0.5 does bayer-based dithering and 1.0 will use
error-diffusion dithering. The higher the value, the higher the quality and the slower
the processing of the images.
</p>
<source><![CDATA[
<images mode="b+w" bits-per-pixel="1" dithering-quality="maximum"/>]]></source>
<p>
When the boolean attribute pseg (default false) is set to true, non-inline FS11 and FS45 IOCA images are wrapped in page segment.
This option is provided to support printers/print servers that require this MO:DCA structure.
</p>
<source><![CDATA[
<images mode="b+w" bits-per-pixel="8" pseg="true"/>]]></source>
<p>
Setting the boolean attribute fs45 to true (default false) will force all images to FS45.
</p>
<source><![CDATA[
<images mode="b+w" bits-per-pixel="8" fs45="true"/>]]></source>
<p>
By default, JPEG images are rasterized to a bitmap and the bitmap is included in the AFP doc.
However it is possible to encode in a lossless way to maintain maximum quality. But due
to lack of support for compression schemes like LZW (patent concerns), bitmap data is currently
not compressed resulting in large AFP files. Using the "allow-embedding" attribute on jpeg child
element allows the user to pass the JPEG as is in the document. The default is set to "false" since
there are compatibility concerns as some AFP printers don't support JPEG decoding. Using the
"bitmap-encoding-quality" attribute it is possible to enable lossy compression (JPEG baseline
DCT). The default is "1.0" which means lossless encoding. Setting a value lower than 1.0, JPEG
compression is enabled and the setting is used as the quality setting when encoding bitmap data.
Note that this setting does not always have an effect. Bi-level (1 bit) bitmaps are not compressed
using JPEG. Example:
</p>
<source><![CDATA[
<images mode="color" cmyk="true">
<jpeg allow-embedding="false" bitmap-encoding-quality="0.8"/>
</images>]]></source>
</section>
<section id="afp-goca-config">
<title>GOCA (Vector Graphics)</title>
<p>
Not all AFP implementations support GOCA. Some also have bugs related to GOCA. Therefore,
it is desirable to have some control over the generation of GOCA graphics.
</p>
<p>
GOCA is enabled by default. You can disable GOCA entirely in which case the AFP support
falls back to generating bitmaps for vector graphics. Example:
</p>
<source><![CDATA[
<goca enabled="false"/>]]></source>
<p>
Some AFP implementations have trouble rendering text in GOCA. You can instruct the AFP
support to render text as shapes (i.e. use vector graphics to paint text). Example:
</p>
<source><![CDATA[
<goca enabled="true" text="shapes"/>]]></source>
<p>
If you disable GOCA or let text render as shapes, the size of the generated AFP usually
increases considerably.
</p>
</section>
<section id="afp-shading-config">
<title>Shading</title>
<p>
By default, filled rectangles are painted using their given color using a PTOCA I-axis rule
(DIR). But not all environments handle these colors correctly. That's why a setting is
supported that paints the rectangles using an ordered dither pattern (bi-level) with
an inline IOCA FS10 image that is used together with the "replicate and trim" mapping.
The optional "shading" element can be used to control the shading mode. Its default value
is "color". To enable the dithered mode, use "dithered". Example:
</p>
<source><![CDATA[
<shading>dithered</shading>
]]></source>
</section>
<section id="afp-resource-group-file">
<title>Resource Group File</title>
<p>By default the AFP Renderer will place all data resource objects such as images within
the document of the main output datastream. An external resource group file where document resources
may be specified with the <resource-group-file/> configuration element. Example:</p>
<source><![CDATA[
<resource-group-file>external_resources.afp</resource-group-file>
]]></source>
<note>Be careful when using this option not to overwrite existing resource files from previous rendering runs.</note>
</section>
<section id="afp-resource-level-defaults">
<title>Resource Level Defaults</title>
<p>
By default, bitmap image objects (or page segments derived from them) are put in the
print-file-level resource group and GOCA graphics are inlined for compatibility with
the AFP Workbench tool.
</p>
<p>
It is possible to override these defaults, either per image (see the
<link href="#afp-foreign-attributes-resource">afp:resource-level</link>
extension attribute below) or by specifying different defaults in the configuration:
</p>
<source><![CDATA[
<default-resource-levels goca="print-file" bitmap="inline"/>]]></source>
<p>
"goca" refers to GOCA graphics and "bitmap" refers to IOCA images. The possible values
for the attributes are "inline" and "print-file". In the future,
additional possibilities may be added.
</p>
</section>
</section>
<section id="afp-extensions">
<title>Extensions</title>
<p>The AFP Renderer supports some AFP specific extensions which can be embedded into the input
fo document. To use the extensions the appropriate namespace must be declared in the fo:root element like this:</p>
<source><![CDATA[
<fo:root xmlns:fo="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Format"
xmlns:afp="http://xmlgraphics.apache.org/fop/extensions/afp">
]]></source>
<section id="afp-page-overlay">
<title>Page Overlay (IPO) Extension</title>
<p>The include-page-overlay extension element allows to define on a per simple-page-master basis a page overlay resource. Example:</p>
<source><![CDATA[
<fo:layout-master-set>
<fo:simple-page-master master-name="simple">
<afp:include-page-overlay name="O1SAMP1 " x="20mm" y="30mm" />
...
</fo:simple-page-master>
</fo:layout-master-set>
]]></source>
<p>The mandatory name attribute must refer to an 8 character (space padded) resource name that
must be known in the AFP processing environment. Optional x and y attributes can be specified
to place the Overlay at an offset from the top left of the page.</p>
</section>
<section id="afp-page-segment">
<title>Page Segment (IPS) Extension</title>
<p>The include-page-segment extension element allows to define resource substitution for fo:external-graphics elements.
Example:</p>
<source><![CDATA[
<fo:root xmlns:fo="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Format"
xmlns:afp="http://xmlgraphics.apache.org/fop/extensions/afp">
<fo:layout-master-set>
<fo:simple-page-master master-name="simple">
<afp:include-page-segment name="S1ISLOGO" src="../../resources/images/bgimg300dpi.jpg" />
<fo:region-body/>
</fo:simple-page-master>
</fo:layout-master-set>
]]></source>
<p>The include-page-segment extension element can only occur within a simple-page-master.
Multiple include-page-segment extension elements within a simple-page-master are allowed.
The mandatory name attribute must refer to an 8 character
(space padded) resource name that must be known in the AFP processing environment.
The value of the mandatory src attribute is compared against the value of the src attribute in
fo:external-graphic elements and if it is identical (string matching is used) in the generated
AFP the external graphic is replaced by a reference to the given resource.
</p>
<p>
The effect here is that whenever FOP encounters the URI specified in the extension,
it will effectively generate code to include the page segment with the given name
instead of embedding the image referenced by the URI. The URI is still required as
the underlying image serves as a provider for the intrinsic size of the image
(At the moment, FOP is unable to extract the intrinsic size of the page segment from
an AFP resource file). For the image to appear in an AFP viewer or to be printed, the
AFP resource must be available on the target device. FOP does not embed the page
segment in the generated file. Please also note that page segments cannot be scaled.
They are always rendered in their intrinsic size.
</p>
<p>
The include-page-segment extension element has the optional attribute
<i>resource-file</i>. The value of this is a URI to a resource containing a page
segment with the declared name. In this case FOP embeds the page segment into the
generated document so that the external resource does not have to be supplied in the
print job.
</p>
</section>
<section id="afp-tag-logical-element">
<title>Tag Logical Element (TLE) Extension</title>
<p>The tag-logical-element extension element allows to injects TLEs into the AFP output stream. Example:</p>
<source><![CDATA[
<fo:root xmlns:fo="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Format"
xmlns:afp="http://xmlgraphics.apache.org/fop/extensions/afp">
<fo:layout-master-set>
<fo:simple-page-master master-name="simple">
<afp:tag-logical-element name="The TLE Name" value="The TLE Value" />
<fo:region-body/>
</fo:simple-page-master>
</fo:layout-master-set>
[..]
<fo:page-sequence master-reference="simple">
<afp:tag-logical-element name="foo" value="bar"/>
<fo:flow flow-name="xsl-region-body">
[..]
]]></source>
<p>
The tag-logical-element extension element can appear within a simple-page-master
(page level) or it can appear as child of page-sequence (page group level).
Multiple tag-logical-element extension elements within a simple-page-master or
page-sequence are allowed. The name and value attributes are mandatory.
</p>
</section>
<section id="afp-no-operation">
<title>No Operation (NOP) Extension</title>
<p>The no-operation extension provides the ability to carry up to 32K of comments or any other type
of unarchitected data into the AFP output stream. Example:</p>
<source><![CDATA[
<fo:root xmlns:fo="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Format"
xmlns:afp="http://xmlgraphics.apache.org/fop/extensions/afp">
<fo:layout-master-set>
<fo:simple-page-master master-name="simple">
<afp:no-operation name="My NOP">insert up to 32k of character data here!</afp:no-operation>
</fo:simple-page-master>
</fo:layout-master-set>
]]></source>
<p>The no-operation extension element can appear as child of
<code>simple-page-master</code> (appears after "Begin Page" BPG),
<code>page-sequence</code> (appears after "Begin Named Page Group" BNG
and <code>declarations</code> (appears after "Begin Document" BDT).
Multiple no-operation extension elements inside the same formatting object are allowed.
Each NOP will appear right after the respective "Begin" field indicated above even if it
is specified as the last child under its parent. The order inside the parent
will be maintained.
The "placement" attribute can be used to have the NOP appear before
the "End" field of the object rather than after the "Begin" field. Specify
<code>placement="before-end"</code> to do that. Please note that, at the moment, this only
has an effect for NOPs that are children of the <code>page-sequence</code> formatting
object.
The "name" attribute is mandatory but will not appear inside the AFP stream.
</p>
</section>
<section id="afp-invoke-medium-map">
<title>Invoke Medium Map (IMM) Extension</title>
<p>
The invoke-medium-map extension allows to generate IMM fields (Invoke Medium Map) in the
generated AFP output. Example:
</p>
<source><![CDATA[
<fo:root xmlns:fo="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Format"
xmlns:afp="http://xmlgraphics.apache.org/fop/extensions/afp">
[..]
<fo:page-sequence master-reference="normal">
<afp:invoke-medium-map name="MYMAP"/>
<fo:flow flow-name="xsl-region-body">
[..]
]]></source>
<p>
The invoke-medium-map element is allowed as child of fo:page-sequence (page group
level) or fo:simple-page-master. It is NOT supported on document level (fo:root), yet.
FOP also doesn't support specifying medium maps inside XML (using BMM/EMM). It can
only reference an existing medium map by name. The medium map has to be constructed
through different means and available on the target platform.
</p>
</section>
<section id="afp-form-maps">
<title>Form Maps/Defs</title>
<p>
Apache FOP supports embedding an external form map resource in the
generated AFP output. This is done using the <code>afp:include-form-map</code>
extension. An example:
</p>
<source><![CDATA[
<fo:root xmlns:fo="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Format"
xmlns:afp="http://xmlgraphics.apache.org/fop/extensions/afp">
[..]
<fo:declarations>
<afp:include-form-map name="F1SAMP1" src="file:f1samp1.fde"/>
</fo:declarations>
]]></source>
<p>
The <code>afp:include-form-map</code> is to be placed as a direct child of
<code>fo:declarations</code>. The <code>name</code> is an AFP resource name
(max. 8 characters) and the <code>src</code> attribute is the URI identifying the
external form map resource. When such a form map is embedded, you can use the
<code>afp:invoke-medium-map</code> extension (described above) to invoke any medium
map included in the form map.
</p>
<note>
Apache FOP doesn't support a way to define a form map or medium map using XML means
inside an XSL-FO document. You will have to build the form map with some third-party
tool.
</note>
</section>
</section>
<section id="afp-foreign-attributes">
<title>Foreign Attributes</title>
<section id="afp-foreign-attributes-resource">
<title>Resource</title>
<p>The resource foreign attributes provides the ability to name and control where data object resources
(e.g. images/scalable vector graphics) will reside in the AFP output.
The afp foreign attributes are only used in conjuntion with <fo:external-graphic/> and <instream-foreign-object/>.
Example:</p>
<source><![CDATA[
<fo:root xmlns:fo="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Format"
xmlns:afp="http://xmlgraphics.apache.org/fop/extensions/afp">
...
<fo:block>
<fo:external-graphic width="2.0cm" content-width="2.0cm" height="1.8cm" content-height="1.8cm"
src="examples/fo/graphics/xml_feather.gif"
afp:resource-name="feather" afp:resource-level="external" afp:resource-group-file="resources.afp"/>
</fo:block>
<fo:block>
<fo:instream-foreign-object height="758.047pt" content-height="758.047pt" width="576.96pt" content-width="576.96pt"
afp:resource-name"circles" afp:resource-level="inline">
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12cm" height="12cm">
<g style="fill-opacity:0.7; stroke:black; stroke-width:0.1cm;">
<circle cx="6cm" cy="2cm" r="100" style="fill:red;" transform="translate(0,50)" />
<circle cx="6cm" cy="2cm" r="100" style="fill:blue;" transform="translate(70,150)" />
<circle cx="6cm" cy="2cm" r="100" style="fill:green;" transform="translate(-70,150)"/>
</g>
</svg>
</fo:instream-foreign-object>
</fo:block>
]]></source>
<p>The resource-level attribute where the resource object will reside in the AFP output datastream.
The possible values for this are "inline", "print-file" and "external".
When "external" is used a resource-group-file attribute must also be specified.
Please refer to the <link href="#afp-resource-level-defaults">Resource Level Defaults</link>
above to see what is used if the resource-level attribute is not specified.
</p>
<p/>
</section>
</section>
</section>
<section id="rtf">
<title>RTF</title>
<p>
JFOR, an open source XSL-FO to RTF converter has been integrated into Apache FOP.
This will create an RTF (rich text format) document that will
attempt to contain as much information from the XSL-FO document as
possible. It should be noted that is not possible (due to RTF's limitations) to map all
XSL-FO features to RTF. For complex documents, the RTF output will never reach the feature
level from PDF, for example. Thus, using RTF output is only recommended for simple documents
such as letters.
</p>
<p>
The RTF output follows Microsoft's RTF specifications
and produces best results on Microsoft Word.
</p>
<note>RTF output is currently unmaintained and lacks many features compared to other output
formats. Using other editable formats like Open Document Format, instead of producing XSL-FO
then RTF through FOP, might give better results.</note>
<p>
These are some known restrictions compared to other supported output formats (not a complete list):
</p>
<ul>
<li>
Not supported/implemented:
<ul>
<li>break-before/after (supported by the RTF library but not tied into the RTFHandler)</li>
<li>fo:page-number-citation-last</li>
<li>keeps (supported by the RTF library but not tied into the RTFHandler)</li>
<li>region-start/end (RTF limitation)</li>
<li>multiple columns</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Only a single page-master is supported</li>
<li>Not all variations of fo:leader are supported (RTF limitation)</li>
<li>percentages are not supported everywhere</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section id="xml">
<title>XML (Area Tree XML)</title>
<p>
This is primarily for testing and verification. The XML created is simply
a representation of the internal area tree put into XML. We use that to verify
the functionality of FOP's layout engine.
</p>
<p>
The other use case of the Area Tree XML is as FOP's "intermediate format". More information
on that can be found on the page dedicated to the <a href="intermediate.html">Intermediate Format</a>.
</p>
</section>
<section id="awt">
<title>Java2D/AWT</title>
<p>
The Java2DRenderer provides the basic functionality for all
Java2D-based output formats (AWT viewer, direct print, PNG, TIFF).
</p>
<p>
The AWT viewer shows a window with the pages displayed inside a
Java graphic. It displays one page at a time.
The fonts used for the formatting and viewing depend on the fonts
available to your JRE.
</p>
</section>
<section id="print">
<title>Print</title>
<p>
It is possible to directly print the document from the command line.
This is done with the same code that renders to the Java2D/AWT renderer.
</p>
<section id="print-issues">
<title>Known issues</title>
<p>
If you run into the problem that the printed output is incomplete on Windows:
this often happens to users printing to a PCL printer.
There seems to be an incompatibility between Java and certain PCL printer drivers
on Windows. Since most network-enabled laser printers support PostScript, try
switching to the PostScript printer driver for that printer model.
</p>
</section>
</section>
<section id="bitmap">
<title>Bitmap (TIFF/PNG)</title>
<p>
It is possible to directly create bitmap images from the individual
pages generated by the layout engine.
This is done with the same code that renders to the Java2D/AWT renderer.
</p>
<p>
Currently, two output formats are supported: PNG and TIFF. TIFF produces
one file with multiple pages, while PNG output produces one file per
page. Note: FOP can only produce multiple files (with PNG output) if
you can set a <code>java.io.File</code> indicating the primary PNG file
using the <code>FOUserAgent.setOutputFile(File)</code> method.
</p>
<p>
The quality of the bitmap depends on the target resolution setting
on the FOUserAgent and on further settings described below.
</p>
<section id="bitmap-configuration">
<title>Configuration</title>
<p>
The TIFF and PNG renderer configuration currently allows the following settings:
</p>
<source><![CDATA[<renderer mime="image/png">
<color-mode>rgba</color-mode>
<transparent-page-background>true</transparent-page-background>
<background-color>white</background-color>
<anti-aliasing>true</anti-aliasing>
<rendering>quality</rendering>
<fonts><!-- described elsewhere --></fonts>
</renderer>]]></source>
<p>
The default value for the <code>"color-mode"</code> setting is <code>"rgba"</code> which
is equivalent to a 24bit RGB image with an 8bit alpha channel for transparency.
Valid values are:
</p>
<ul>
<li><code>rgba</code>: RGB with alpha channel (24bit + 8bit = 32bit)</li>
<li><code>rgb</code>: RGB (24bit)</li>
<li><code>gray</code>: gray (8bit)</li>
<li><code>bi-level</code> (or <code>binary</code>): bi-level (1bit)</li>
</ul>
<p>
Please note that there is currently no dithering or error diffusion available for bi-level
bitmap output.
</p>
<p>
The default value for the <code>"transparent-page-background"</code> setting is
<code>"false"</code> which paints an opaque, white background for the whole image.
If you set this to <code>"true"</code>,
no such background will be painted and you will get a transparent image if
an alpha channel is available in the output format.
</p>
<p>
The default value for the <code>"background-color"</code> setting is <code>"white"</code>.
The color specifies in which color the page background is painted. It will only be
painted if <code>"transparent-page-background"</code> is not set to <code>"true"</code>.
All XSL-FO colors (including color functions) can be used.
</p>
<p>
The default value for the <code>"anti-aliasing"</code> setting is <code>"true"</code>.
You can set this value to <code>"false"</code> to disable anti-aliasing and
thus improve rendering speeds a bit at the loss of some image quality.
</p>
<p>
The default value for the <code>"rendering"</code> setting is <code>"true"</code>.
You can set this value to <code>"false"</code> to improve rendering speeds a bit
at the loss of some image quality. If this setting has an actual effect depends
on the JVM's Java2D backend.
</p>
</section>
<section id="tiff-configuration">
<title>TIFF-specific Configuration</title>
<p>
In addition to the above values the TIFF renderer configuration allows some additional
settings:
</p>
<source><![CDATA[<renderer mime="image/tiff">
<transparent-page-background>true</transparent-page-background>
<compression>CCITT T.6</compression>
<fonts><!-- described elsewhere --></fonts>
</renderer>]]></source>
<p>
The default value for the "compression" setting is "PackBits" which
which is a widely supported RLE compression scheme for TIFF. The set of compression
names to be used here matches the set that the Image I/O API uses. Note that
not all compression schemes may be available during runtime. This depends on the
actual codecs being available. Here is a list of possible values:
</p>
<ul>
<li><code>NONE</code> (no compression)</li>
<li><code>PackBits</code> (RLE, run-length encoding)</li>
<li><code>JPEG</code></li>
<li><code>Deflate</code></li>
<li><code>LZW</code></li>
<li><code>ZLib</code></li>
<li><code>CCITT T.4</code> (Fax Group 3)</li>
<li><code>CCITT T.6</code> (Fax Group 4)</li>
</ul>
<p>
This setting may override any setting made using the <code>"color-mode"</code>. For example, if
<code>"CCITT T.6"</code> is selected, the color mode is automatically forced to <code>"bi-level"</code> because
this compression format only supports bi-level images.
</p>
<note>
If you want to use CCITT compression, please make sure you've got
<a href="http://java.sun.com/products/java-media/jai/current.html">
Java Advanced Imaging Image I/O Tools
</a>
in your classpath. The Sun JRE doesn't come with a TIFF codec built in, so it has to be
added separately. The internal TIFF codec from XML Graphics Commons only supports PackBits,
Deflate and JPEG compression for writing.
</note>
</section>
<section id="bitmap-rendering-options">
<title>Runtime Rendering Options</title>
<p>
The IF-based bitmap output implementations support a rendering option with the key
"target-bitmap-size" (value: java.awt.Dimension) that allows to force the pages to
be proportionally fit into a bitmap of a given size. This can be used to produce
thumbnails or little preview images of the individual pages. An example:
</p>
<source><![CDATA[userAgent.getRenderingOptions().put(
"target-bitmap-size", new Dimension(320, 200));]]></source>
</section>
</section>
<section id="txt">
<title>TXT</title>
<p>
The text renderer produces plain ASCII text output
that attempts to match the output of the PDFRenderer as closely as
possible. This was originally developed to accommodate an archive system
that could only accept plain text files, and is primarily useful for getting
a quick-and-dirty view of the document text. The renderer is very limited,
so do not be surprised if it gives unsatisfactory results.
</p>
<!-- OBSOLETE OBSOLETE OBSOLETE
<p>
The Text renderer works with a fixed size page buffer. The size of this
buffer is controlled with the textCPI and textLPI public variables.
The textCPI is the effective horizontal characters per inch to use.
The textLPI is the vertical lines per inch to use. From these values
and the page width and height the size of the buffer is calculated.
The formatting objects to be rendered are then mapped to this grid.
Graphic elements (lines, borders, etc) are assigned a lower priority
than text, so text will overwrite any graphic element representations.
</p>
-->
<p>
Because FOP lays the text onto a grid during layout, there are frequently
extra or missing spaces between characters and lines, which is generally
unsatisfactory.
Users have reported that the optimal settings to avoid such spacing problems are:
</p>
<ul>
<li>font-family="Courier"</li>
<li>font-size="10pt"</li>
<li>line-height="10pt"</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section id="sandbox">
<title>Output Formats in the Sandbox</title>
<p>
Due to the state of certain renderers we moved some of them to a "sandbox" area until
they are ready for more serious use. The renderers and FOEventHandlers in the sandbox
can be found under src/sandbox and are compiled into build/fop-sandbox.jar during the
main build. The output formats in the sandbox are marked as such below.
</p>
<section id="mif">
<title>MIF</title>
<warning>The MIF handler is in the sandbox and not yet functional in FOP Trunk!!! Please help us ressurrect this feature.</warning>
<p>
This format is the Maker Interchange Format which is used by
Adobe Framemaker.
</p>
</section>
<section id="svg">
<title>SVG</title>
<warning>The SVG renderer is in the sandbox and may not work as expected in FOP Trunk!!! Please help us improve this feature.</warning>
<p>
This format creates an SVG document that has links between the pages.
This is primarily for slides and creating svg images of pages.
Large documents will create SVG files that are far too large for
an SVG viewer to handle. Since FO documents usually have text the
SVG document will have a large number of text elements.
The font information for the text is obtained from the JVM in the
same way as for the AWT viewer. If the SVG is viewed on a
system where the fonts are different, such as another platform,
then the page may look wrong.
</p>
</section>
</section>
<section id="wishlist">
<title>Wish list</title>
<p>
Apache FOP is easily extensible and allows you to add new output formats to enhance FOP's functionality. There's a number of output formats
which are on our wish list. We're looking for volunteers to help us implement them.
</p>
<ul>
<li>
<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OpenDocument">ODF (Open Document Format)</a>:
The standardized successor to OpenOffice's file format.
</li>
</ul>
</section>
</body>
</document>
|
