From fa078783b1e70afeca9d776e7e8d9cf2b930e88c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Jeremias Maerki Date: Mon, 13 Jan 2003 18:23:56 +0000 Subject: [PATCH] Moved over from docs/examples build.xml overhauled, generates all fo files from all directories except advanced Removed some warnings from certain fo files git-svn-id: https://svn.apache.org/repos/asf/xmlgraphics/fop/branches/fop-0_20_2-maintain@195852 13f79535-47bb-0310-9956-ffa450edef68 --- examples/fo/.cvsignore | 3 + examples/fo/advanced/cid-fonts.fo | 450 +++ examples/fo/advanced/cid-fonts.pdf | 561 ++++ examples/fo/advanced/giro.fo | 1244 ++++++++ examples/fo/advanced/test_ja.fo | 146 + examples/fo/basic/bgimage.fo | 46 + examples/fo/basic/border.fo | 188 ++ examples/fo/basic/bordershorthand.fo | 169 ++ examples/fo/basic/character.fo | 105 + examples/fo/basic/contlabel.fo | 293 ++ examples/fo/basic/corresprop.fo | 237 ++ examples/fo/basic/extensive.fo | 146 + examples/fo/basic/fonts.fo | 224 ++ examples/fo/basic/hyphen.fo | 468 +++ examples/fo/basic/images.fo | 89 + examples/fo/basic/inhprop.fo | 175 ++ examples/fo/basic/instream.fo | 114 + examples/fo/basic/leader.fo | 725 +++++ examples/fo/basic/link.fo | 135 + examples/fo/basic/list.fo | 2689 +++++++++++++++++ examples/fo/basic/newlinktest.fo | 114 + examples/fo/basic/normal.fo | 149 + examples/fo/basic/normalex.fo | 149 + examples/fo/basic/pdfoutline.fo | 1411 +++++++++ examples/fo/basic/readme.fo | 1341 ++++++++ examples/fo/basic/simple.fo | 99 + examples/fo/basic/table.fo | 504 +++ examples/fo/basic/tableunits.fo | 229 ++ examples/fo/basic/textdeko.fo | 290 ++ examples/fo/build.xml | 120 + examples/fo/footnotes/columns.fo | 249 ++ examples/fo/footnotes/simple.fo | 115 + examples/fo/graphics/fop.jpg | Bin 0 -> 1220 bytes examples/fo/graphics/linux.bmp | Bin 0 -> 13198 bytes examples/fo/graphics/listgeometry.gif | Bin 0 -> 10714 bytes examples/fo/graphics/page.gif | Bin 0 -> 8612 bytes examples/fo/graphics/xml_fax.tif | Bin 0 -> 1837 bytes examples/fo/graphics/xml_feather.gif | Bin 0 -> 4207 bytes .../fo/graphics/xml_feather_transparent.gif | Bin 0 -> 4208 bytes examples/fo/keeps_and_breaks/columnlevel1.fo | 289 ++ examples/fo/keeps_and_breaks/pagelevel1.fo | 138 + examples/fo/keeps_and_breaks/pagelevel2.fo | 293 ++ examples/fo/keeps_and_breaks/pagelevel3.fo | 289 ++ examples/fo/keeps_and_breaks/pagelevel4.fo | 291 ++ examples/fo/markers/glossary.xml | 314 ++ examples/fo/markers/glossary.xsl | 75 + examples/fo/markers/hide.fo | 140 + examples/fo/pagination/allregions.fo | 132 + examples/fo/pagination/basic1.fo | 112 + examples/fo/pagination/basic2.fo | 115 + examples/fo/pagination/franklin_2pageseqs.fo | 1078 +++++++ examples/fo/pagination/franklin_alt.fo | 1053 +++++++ examples/fo/pagination/franklin_rep.fo | 1022 +++++++ .../fo/pagination/franklin_rep_max_repeats.fo | 1024 +++++++ .../franklin_rep_max_repeats_expl.fo | 1024 +++++++ .../pagination/franklin_rep_max_repeats_nl.fo | 1024 +++++++ examples/fo/region_body/simplecol.fo | 151 + examples/fo/region_body/simplecol2.fo | 183 ++ examples/fo/region_body/simplecol3.fo | 197 ++ examples/fo/region_body/simplecol4.fo | 197 ++ examples/fo/runtests.bat | 38 + examples/fo/runtests.sh | 55 + examples/fo/svg/boxes.svg | 11 + examples/fo/svg/embedding.fo | 1082 +++++++ examples/fo/svg/external.fo | 132 + examples/fo/svg/multi.svg | 14 + examples/fo/svg/ref.svg | 10 + examples/fo/svg/view.svg | 11 + examples/fo/tables/background.fo | 789 +++++ examples/fo/tables/borders.fo | 1023 +++++++ examples/fo/tables/break.fo | 322 ++ examples/fo/tables/headfoot.fo | 1432 +++++++++ examples/fo/tables/keep.fo | 590 ++++ examples/fo/tables/omit.fo | 1265 ++++++++ examples/fo/tables/space.fo | 532 ++++ examples/fo/tables/widowsorphans.fo | 522 ++++ 76 files changed, 29946 insertions(+) create mode 100644 examples/fo/.cvsignore create mode 100644 examples/fo/advanced/cid-fonts.fo create mode 100644 examples/fo/advanced/cid-fonts.pdf create mode 100644 examples/fo/advanced/giro.fo create mode 100644 examples/fo/advanced/test_ja.fo create mode 100644 examples/fo/basic/bgimage.fo create mode 100644 examples/fo/basic/border.fo create mode 100644 examples/fo/basic/bordershorthand.fo create mode 100644 examples/fo/basic/character.fo create mode 100644 examples/fo/basic/contlabel.fo create mode 100644 examples/fo/basic/corresprop.fo create mode 100644 examples/fo/basic/extensive.fo create mode 100644 examples/fo/basic/fonts.fo create mode 100644 examples/fo/basic/hyphen.fo create mode 100644 examples/fo/basic/images.fo create mode 100644 examples/fo/basic/inhprop.fo create mode 100644 examples/fo/basic/instream.fo create mode 100644 examples/fo/basic/leader.fo create mode 100644 examples/fo/basic/link.fo create mode 100644 examples/fo/basic/list.fo create mode 100644 examples/fo/basic/newlinktest.fo create mode 100644 examples/fo/basic/normal.fo create mode 100644 examples/fo/basic/normalex.fo create mode 100644 examples/fo/basic/pdfoutline.fo create mode 100644 examples/fo/basic/readme.fo create mode 100644 examples/fo/basic/simple.fo create mode 100644 examples/fo/basic/table.fo create mode 100644 examples/fo/basic/tableunits.fo create mode 100644 examples/fo/basic/textdeko.fo create mode 100644 examples/fo/build.xml create mode 100644 examples/fo/footnotes/columns.fo create mode 100644 examples/fo/footnotes/simple.fo create mode 100644 examples/fo/graphics/fop.jpg create mode 100644 examples/fo/graphics/linux.bmp create mode 100644 examples/fo/graphics/listgeometry.gif create mode 100644 examples/fo/graphics/page.gif create mode 100644 examples/fo/graphics/xml_fax.tif create mode 100644 examples/fo/graphics/xml_feather.gif create mode 100644 examples/fo/graphics/xml_feather_transparent.gif create mode 100644 examples/fo/keeps_and_breaks/columnlevel1.fo create mode 100644 examples/fo/keeps_and_breaks/pagelevel1.fo create mode 100644 examples/fo/keeps_and_breaks/pagelevel2.fo create mode 100644 examples/fo/keeps_and_breaks/pagelevel3.fo create mode 100644 examples/fo/keeps_and_breaks/pagelevel4.fo create mode 100644 examples/fo/markers/glossary.xml create mode 100644 examples/fo/markers/glossary.xsl create mode 100644 examples/fo/markers/hide.fo create mode 100644 examples/fo/pagination/allregions.fo create mode 100644 examples/fo/pagination/basic1.fo create mode 100644 examples/fo/pagination/basic2.fo create mode 100644 examples/fo/pagination/franklin_2pageseqs.fo create mode 100644 examples/fo/pagination/franklin_alt.fo create mode 100644 examples/fo/pagination/franklin_rep.fo create mode 100644 examples/fo/pagination/franklin_rep_max_repeats.fo create mode 100644 examples/fo/pagination/franklin_rep_max_repeats_expl.fo create mode 100644 examples/fo/pagination/franklin_rep_max_repeats_nl.fo create mode 100644 examples/fo/region_body/simplecol.fo create mode 100644 examples/fo/region_body/simplecol2.fo create mode 100644 examples/fo/region_body/simplecol3.fo create mode 100644 examples/fo/region_body/simplecol4.fo create mode 100755 examples/fo/runtests.bat create mode 100644 examples/fo/runtests.sh create mode 100644 examples/fo/svg/boxes.svg create mode 100644 examples/fo/svg/embedding.fo create mode 100644 examples/fo/svg/external.fo create mode 100644 examples/fo/svg/multi.svg create mode 100644 examples/fo/svg/ref.svg create mode 100644 examples/fo/svg/view.svg create mode 100644 examples/fo/tables/background.fo create mode 100644 examples/fo/tables/borders.fo create mode 100644 examples/fo/tables/break.fo create mode 100644 examples/fo/tables/headfoot.fo create mode 100644 examples/fo/tables/keep.fo create mode 100644 examples/fo/tables/omit.fo create mode 100644 examples/fo/tables/space.fo create mode 100644 examples/fo/tables/widowsorphans.fo diff --git a/examples/fo/.cvsignore b/examples/fo/.cvsignore new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a32d436ad --- /dev/null +++ b/examples/fo/.cvsignore @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +tests +reference +results.html diff --git a/examples/fo/advanced/cid-fonts.fo b/examples/fo/advanced/cid-fonts.fo new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b84d17e23 --- /dev/null +++ b/examples/fo/advanced/cid-fonts.fo @@ -0,0 +1,450 @@ + + +]> + + + + + + + + + + Adding Fonts to FOP + + + + Adding additional Type 1 fonts + + + Generating a font metrics file + + + Register the fonts within FOP + + + + + Adding additional TrueType fonts + + + Generating a font metrics file + + + TrueType collections + + + Register the fonts within FOP + + + + + + Embedding fonts in the PDF + + + + Example embedding MSGothic + + + Setup CLASSPATH + + + + Create the metrics file + + + + Edit msgothic.xml + + + + Register the font with FOP + + + + + Japanese Examples + + + + + + + + + Adding Fonts to FOP + + + + When building PDF files, FOP normally supports only the base 14 font + package defined in the Adobe PDF specification. That includes the + following fonts: Helvetica, Times, Courier, Symbol and ZapfDingbats. + + + + Font support in FOP can be extended by the addition of font metric + files (written in XML) created from Adobe Type 1 fonts and Truetype + fonts. No other font types (Type 3, etc.) are supported at this time. + + + + Adding additional Type 1 fonts + + + + As mentioned above you need an XML file containing font metrics to + be able to use an additional font. FOP contains a tool that can generate + such a font metrics file from a PFM file, which normally comes with the + font file. + + + + Generating a font metrics file + + + + Run the class org.apache.fop.fonts.apps.PFMReader + to generate the XML file. + + java org.apache.fop.fonts.apps.PFMReader pfm-file xml-file + + + + + Note: The tool will construct some values (FontBBox, StemV and ItalicAngle) based + on assumptions and calculations which are only an approximation to the real values. + FontBBox and Italic Angle can be found in the human-readable part of the PFB file. + The PFMReader tool does not yet interpret PFB files, so if you want to be correct, + you may have to adjust the values in the XML file manually. The constructed values + however appear to have no visible influence. + + + + + Register the fonts within FOP + + + + Edit conf/userconfig.xml and add entries for the font if the fonts section, ie: + + + +]]> + + + + + Adding additional TrueType fonts + + + + Adding Truetype fonts is almost identical to the process of adding type 1 fonts. + The main difference is in the first step. + + + + Generating a font metrics file + + + + As mentioned above you need an XML file containing font metrics to be able to use + an additional font. FOP contains a tool that can generate such a font metrics file + from your truetype font file. + + + + Create metrics for the fontfile. We'll use MS Gothic as an example: + + + java org.apache.fop.fonts.apps.TTFReader C:\WINNT\Fonts\msgothic.ttf msgothic.xml + + + + + TrueType collections + + + + TrueType collections (.ttc files) contains more than one font. To create metrics + for a ttc file you must specify the font in the collection with the -ttcname + option to TTFReader. + + + + To get a list of the fonts in a collection, just start the TTFReader as if it + were a normal truetype file (without the -ttcname option). It will then display + all the font names and exit with an Exception. + + + + Example on generating metrics for a .ttc file: + + java org.apache.fop.fonts.apps.TTFReader -ttcname "MS Mincho" msmincho.ttc msminch.xml + + + + + Register the fonts within FOP + + + + Same as for + Type 1 fonts. + + + + + Embedding fonts + + + + Font embedding is enabled in the userconfig.xml file. Start Fop with -c userconfig.xml + + + + + Example embedding MSGothic + + + + This example will use the Microsoft Gothic TrueType font. This is the font used to render this examples + given in the last section of this file. If you don't have it installed, + you can download an installer at + ftp://ftp.cc.monash.edu.au/pub/nihongo/ie3lpkja.exe + . + + + + Setup your classpath to run FOP: + + +C:\Fop-0.18.1> set CLASSPATH=fop.jar;lib\xerces-1.2.3.jar;lib\xalan-2.0.0.jar;lib\batik.jar + + + + + Create the metrics file: + + + +C:\Fop-0.18.1> java org.apache.fop.fonts.apps.TTFReader c:\WINNT\Fonts\msgothic.ttf msgothic.xml +TTF Reader v1.1.1 + +Reading /home/camk/cjkv/msgothic.ttf... + +Number of glyphs in font: 13104 +Postscript format 3 +Creating xml font file... + +Creating CID encoded metrics +Writing xml font file msgothic.xml... + +This font contains no embedding license restrictions + + + + + + Edit the msgothic.xml file and set the font-name + to "MSGothic". + + + + Edit conf/userconfig.xml and add the following to the <fonts> section: + + + + + + +]]> + + + + Now you can use MSGothic in your .fo files by setting font-family="MSGothic". You'll need to + start FOP specifying the config file as in this example: + java -jar fop.jar -c conf/userconfig.xml -fo myfo.fo -pdf mypdf.pdf + + + + Examples from + JMDict Japanese glossary: + + + + + + + + + + Japanese (kanji or kanadzukai) + English + German + + + + + うん + "yeah" or "uh huh" + + + + + アウタースペース + outer space + + + + + スペースクラフト + spacecraft + + + + + スペースシャトル + space shuttle + + + + + 著わす + "to write", "to publish" + veröffentlichen + + + + 電子出版 + electronic publishing + + + + 五輪 + the Olympics + Olympische Spiele + + + + 空港 + airport + Flughafen + + + チューリッヒ + Zurich + Zürich + + + + コロラド + Colorado + + + + + コロラドスプリングス + Colorado Springs + + + + + + + + + + + diff --git a/examples/fo/advanced/cid-fonts.pdf b/examples/fo/advanced/cid-fonts.pdf new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6d6dc6b22 --- /dev/null +++ b/examples/fo/advanced/cid-fonts.pdf @@ -0,0 +1,561 @@ +%PDF-1.3 +%ª«¬­ +1 0 obj +<< /Type /Catalog +/Pages 2 0 R + /Outlines 21 0 R + /PageMode /UseOutlines + 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+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Eräpäivä + Förf.dag + + + 16.6.2006 + + + + + + + + + mk + + + 548,83 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 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förmedlas endast till mottagare i Finland enligt Allmänna villkor för inrikes betalningsförmedling och endast till det kontonummer betalaren angivit. + + + + + Saaja + Mottagaren + + + MTG Internet Retailing AB + CDON + + + Markka + [105] 11 01 71 00 00 00 12 20 54 88 31 50 00 00 86 85 16 25 96 19 89 70 60 61 60 00 09 [77] [stop] + Euro + [105] 21 01 71 00 00 00 12 20 54 88 31 50 00 00 86 85 16 25 96 19 89 70 60 61 60 00 06 [06] [stop] + + + + + Maksaja + Betalare + + + SUOMEN PANKKIYHDISTYS + Anneli Tossava + PL 1009 + 00101 HELSINKI + + + + + Allekirjoitus + Underskrift + + + + + + + + Viitenro + Ref.nr + + + 86851 62596 19897 + + + + + Tililtä nro + Från konto nr + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Eräpäivä + Förf.dag + + + 16.6.2006 + + + + + + + + + mk + + + 548,83 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + PANKKI + BANKKEN + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + SVG logo and bar code + + + diff --git a/examples/fo/advanced/test_ja.fo b/examples/fo/advanced/test_ja.fo new file mode 100644 index 000000000..45e14e09c --- /dev/null +++ b/examples/fo/advanced/test_ja.fo @@ -0,0 +1,146 @@ + + + + + + + + +ブロック +右揃えのブロック +中央揃えのブロック +この行は、一行以上にわたる複数のラインブロックです。適切な改行がされなければなりません。配置は、デフォルトです。 +この行は、一行以上にわたる複数のラインブロックです。適切な改行がされなければなりません。配置は、右揃えです。 +この行は、一行以上にわたる複数のラインブロックです。適切な改行がされなければなりません。配置は、中央揃えです。 +この行は、一行以上にわたる複数のラインブロックです。適切な改行がされなければなりません。三行となり、全行末が揃っているか確認して下さい。どうでしょうか。配置は、両端揃えです。 +比較用ブロック +space-before に 12pt を指定したブロック +比較用ブロック +space-after に 12pt を指定したブロック +比較用ブロック +space-before と space-after の両方に 12pt を指定したブロック +比較用ブロック +この行は、一行以上にわたる複数のラインブロックです。適切な改行がされなければなりません。start-indent に 50pt を指定しています。 +この行は、一行以上にわたる複数のラインブロックです。適切な改行がされなければなりません。end-indent に 50pt を指定しています。 +この行は、一行以上にわたる複数のラインブロックです。適切な改行がされなければなりません。start-indent と end-indent に 50pt を指定しています。 +この行は、一行以上にわたる複数のラインブロックです。適切な改行がされなければなりません。font-size に 15pt を指定しています。 +この行は、一行以上にわたる複数のラインブロックです。適切な改行がされなければなりません。line-height に 20pt を指定しています。 +この行は、一行以上にわたる複数のラインブロックです。適切な改行がされなければなりません。font-size に 15pt、line-height に 20pt を指定しています。 +この行は、一行以上にわたる複数のラインブロックです。適切な改行がされなければなりません。font-size に 15pt、line-height に 15pt を指定しています。 +ブロック内のブロック +前のテキストブロック内のブロック後ろのテキスト +前のテキストstart-indent が 50pt のブロック内のブロック後ろのブロック +And again for the page break, text beforestart-intent が 50pt のブロック内のブロック後ろのテキスト +前のテキストstart-intent が 50pt のブロック内の start-intent が 50pt のブロック後ろのブロック +前のテキストstart-intent が 50pt のブロック内の start-intent が 100pt のブロック後ろのテキスト + + +• +この行は、一行以上にわたる複数のラインブロックです。適切な改行がされなければなりません。 + + +• +この行は、一行以上にわたる複数のラインブロックです。適切な改行がされなければなりません。この行は、一行以上にわたる複数のラインブロックです。適切な改行がされなければなりません。この行は、一行以上にわたる複数のラインブロックです。適切な改行がされなければなりません。 + + + + +• +この行は、一行以上にわたる複数のラインブロックです。適切な改行がされなければなりません。start-indent に 50pt、text-align は両端揃えの list-block です。 + + +• +この行は、一行以上にわたる複数のラインブロックです。適切な改行がされなければなりません。この行は、一行以上にわたる複数のラインブロックです。適切な改行がされなければなりません。この行は、一行以上にわたる複数のラインブロックです。適切な改行がされなければなりません。 + + + + +• +この行は、一行以上にわたる複数のラインブロックです。適切な改行がされなければなりません。この行は、一行以上にわたる start-intent が 100pt の複数のラインブロックです。適切な改行がされなければなりません。この行は、一行以上にわたる複数のラインブロックです。適切な改行がされなければなりません。 + + +• +この行は、一行以上にわたる複数のラインブロックです。適切な改行がされなければなりません。この行は、一行以上にわたる埋め込まれた複数のラインブロックです。適切な改行がされなければ成りません。この行は、一行以上にわたる複数のラインブロックです。適切な改行がされなければなりません。 + + + + + • + list-item-body 内のブロック + + + • + + + + • + これ自体がリストアイテムであるリスト内のリストアイテム + + + + + + 次のステージ + 新たに実装された罫線の試験です。以下は、太さはデフォルトの 1pt、space-before と space-after が 12pt で表示された罫線です。 + + 以下は、太さ5pt、start-indentが100pt (前のspace-before/afterと同一) のリーダです。 + + Colour + 黒色 + 緑色 + 銀色 + ライム色 + 灰色 + オリーブ色 + 白色 + 黄色 + 栗色 + ネイビ色 + 赤色 + 青色 + 紫色 + 茶色 + 赤紫色 + 水色 + ラップ + この文は、表示領域よりも長い文です。標準のラッピング処理を行っており、wrap-option に no-wrap を設定した下の段落と比較すると、どのような処理が行われているのか分かるかと思います。 + この文は、表示領域よりも長い文です。wrap-option に no-wrap を指定しており、デフォルトのラッピング処理を行っている上の段落と比較すると、どのような処理が行われているか分かるかと思います。 + この文は、表示領域よりも長い文です。標準のラッピング処理を行っていますが、これら三節の最初の段落との違いは、wrap-option に明示的に wrap を指定していることです。 + 空白つぶし +この文 は デフォルトです！ +この文 は falseです！ +この文 は trueです！ + + + + 見出し + + 一項目目 + 二項目目 + + +]]> +--> + 埋め込まれた SVG + + + + + + こんにちは SVG! + + + 上図は、SVG グラフィックの例です + + + + + diff --git a/examples/fo/basic/bgimage.fo b/examples/fo/basic/bgimage.fo new file mode 100644 index 000000000..2b4723e58 --- /dev/null +++ b/examples/fo/basic/bgimage.fo @@ -0,0 +1,46 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +Simple example for background-image + +background-image in a block +1 +2 +3 +4 +5 + + + + + + + + + + + diff --git a/examples/fo/basic/border.fo b/examples/fo/basic/border.fo new file mode 100644 index 000000000..5ce9969a2 --- /dev/null +++ b/examples/fo/basic/border.fo @@ -0,0 +1,188 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + PX7.net + + + 44 Liberty St + + + Newburyport, MA 01950 + + + 978-462-1152 + + + + + Sales Receipt + + + + + + DATE + + + + + 01/01/2000 + + + + + SALE # + + + + + 1 + + + + + + SOLD TO + + + + + + + + + SHIP TO + + + + + + + + + + + PMT METHOD + + + + + Check + + + + + CHECK # + + + + + 1234 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + QUANTITY + + + DESCRIPTION + + + RATE + + + AMOUNT + + + + + + 1 + + + Wide Widget + + + $22.23 + + + 22.31 + + + + + 1 + + + Widget + + + $22.23 + + + 22.31 + + + + + 3 + + + Nuts + + + $12.00 + + + 36.00 + + + + + + + Please remit to the above address + + + Total + + + $3.00 + + + + diff --git a/examples/fo/basic/bordershorthand.fo b/examples/fo/basic/bordershorthand.fo new file mode 100644 index 000000000..0eeb304ce --- /dev/null +++ b/examples/fo/basic/bordershorthand.fo @@ -0,0 +1,169 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Border and Padding Shorthand Tests - p. + + + + + + + + Border and Padding Shorthand Tests + + + + +In this example, padding and border properties are specified using absolute properties: +padding-left, padding-right, padding-top, and padding-bottom, etc. +According to the specification, a request for the absolute (top, bottom, left, right) versions of these properties should use the relative ones if they are specified. + + +In this example, padding and border properties are specified using shorthand properties: +padding, border-width, border-color. +According to the specification, a request for the absolute (top, bottom, left, right) versions of these properties should use the relative ones if they are specified. + + + + +In this example, padding and border properties are specified using writing-mode relative properties: +padding-before, padding-after, padding-start, and padding-end, etc. +According to the specification, a request for the absolute (top, bottom, left, right) versions of these properties should use the relative ones if they are specified. + + + + +In this example, padding and border properties are specified using +shorthand and writing-mode relative properties: +padding-before, padding-after, padding-start, and padding-end, etc. +According to the specification, a request for the absolute (top, bottom, left, right) versions of these properties should use the relative ones if they are specified. + + + + + diff --git a/examples/fo/basic/character.fo b/examples/fo/basic/character.fo new file mode 100644 index 000000000..8e0bc9327 --- /dev/null +++ b/examples/fo/basic/character.fo @@ -0,0 +1,105 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +1. Why ? I know, you know, I know (Paul Grice). Using TEI is quite a challenge. ou should use it too. +Why TI? I know, you know, I know (Paul Grice). Using TEI is quite a challenge. ou should use it too. +Why TEI? I know, you know, I know (Paul Grice). Using TEI is quite a challenge. ou should use it too. +Why TEI? I know, you know, I know (Paul Grice). Using TEI is quite a challenge. ou should use it too. +Why TEI? I know, you know, I know (Paul Grice). Using TEI is quite a challenge. ou should use it too. +Why TEI? I know, you know, I know (Paul Grice). Using TEI is quite a challenge. ou should use it too. +Why TEI? I know, you know, I know (Paul Grice). Using TEI is quite a challenge. ou should use it too. + + + + +1. Why TEI? I know, you know, I know (Paul Grice). Using TEI is quite a challenge. ou should use it too. +Why TEI? I know, you know, I know (Paul Grice). Using TEI is quite a challenge. ou should use it too. +Why TEI? I know, you know, I know (Paul Grice). Using TEI is quite a challenge. ou should use it too. +Why TEI? I know, you know, I know (Paul Grice). Using TEI is quite a challenge. ou should use it too. +Why TEI? I know, you know, I know (Paul Grice). Using TEI is quite a challenge. ou should use it too. +Why TEI? I know, you know, I know (Paul Grice). Using TEI is quite a challenge. ou should use it too. +Why TEI? I know, you know, I know (Paul Grice). Using TEI is quite a challenge. ou should use it too. + + + + +1. Why TEI? Using TEI is quite a challenge. ou should use it too. + + + + + diff --git a/examples/fo/basic/contlabel.fo b/examples/fo/basic/contlabel.fo new file mode 100644 index 000000000..956d28445 --- /dev/null +++ b/examples/fo/basic/contlabel.fo @@ -0,0 +1,293 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + Continued Label Example + + + Page + + + + + + Table showning use of the FOP continued-label extension. This is intended to be +used in table-header or table-footer cells. It should contain fo:inline child or children. +This content will be laid out only if the table does not fit on a single page and flows +to following pages. Following is the FO code which produces this table header. + + + + + + Header column 1 with continued label + (cont.) + + + + Header column 2 with no continued label + + +]]> + + + + + + + + + + + Header column 1 with continued label (cont.) + + + + + Header column 2 with no continued label + + + + + + + + + + Footer column 1 with no continued label + + + + + Footer column 2 with continued label (cont.) + + + + + + + + + Some stuff in the first column of the table + + + Some stuff in the second column of the table + + + + + Some stuff in the first column of the table + + + Some stuff in the second column of the table + + + + + Some stuff in the first column of the table + + + Some stuff in the second column of the table + + + + + Some stuff in the first column of the table + + + Some stuff in the second column of the table + + + + + Some stuff in the first column of the table + + + Some stuff in the second column of the table + + + + + Some stuff in the first column of the table + + + Some stuff in the second column of the table + + + + + Some stuff in the first column of the table + + + Some stuff in the second column of the table + + + + + Some stuff in the first column of the table + + + Some stuff in the second column of the table + + + + + Some stuff in the first column of the table + + + Some stuff in the second column of the table + + + + + Some stuff in the first column of the table + + + Some stuff in the second column of the table + + + + + Some stuff in the first column of the table + + + Some stuff in the second column of the table + + + + + Some stuff in the first column of the table + + + Some stuff in the second column of the table + + + + + Some stuff in the first column of the table + + + Some stuff in the second column of the table + + + + + Some stuff in the first column of the table + + + Some stuff in the second column of the table + + + + + Some stuff in the first column of the table + + + Some stuff in the second column of the table + + + + + Some stuff in the first column of the table + + + Some stuff in the second column of the table + + + + + Some stuff in the first column of the table + + + Some stuff in the second column of the table + + + + + Some stuff in the first column of the table + + + Some stuff in the second column of the table + + + + + Some stuff in the first column of the table + + + Some stuff in the second column of the table + + + + + Some stuff in the first column of the table + + + Some stuff in the second column of the table + + + + + Some stuff in the first column of the table + + + Some stuff in the second column of the table + + + + + Some stuff in the first column of the table + + + Some stuff in the second column of the table + + + + + Some stuff in the first column of the table + + + Some stuff in the second column of the table + + + + + Some stuff in the first column of the table + + + Some stuff in the second column of the table + + + + + Some stuff in the first column of the table + + + Some stuff in the second column of the table + + + + + + + diff --git a/examples/fo/basic/corresprop.fo b/examples/fo/basic/corresprop.fo new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c7a55c0ca --- /dev/null +++ b/examples/fo/basic/corresprop.fo @@ -0,0 +1,237 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Corresponding Property Tests - p. + + + + + + + + Corresponding Property Tests + + + + +In this example, padding and border properties are specified using absolute properties: +padding-left, padding-right, padding-top, and padding-bottom, etc. +According to the specification, a request for the absolute (top, bottom, left, right) versions of these properties should use the relative ones if they are specified. + + + + +In this example, padding and border properties are specified using writing-mode relative properties: +padding-before, padding-after, padding-start, and padding-end, etc. +According to the specification, a request for the absolute (top, bottom, left, right) versions of these properties should use the relative ones if they are specified. + + + + This block has a start-indent of 1cm and no borders or padding. It has +no margin-left set. Here is some more text to fill out the block. Here is some more text to fill out the block. Here is some more text. Here is some more text to fill out the block. Here is some more text to fill out the block. Here is some more text to fill out the block. + + + This block has a margin-left of 1cm and no borders or padding. It has +no start-indent set. Here is some more text to fill out the block. Here is some more text to fill out the block. Here is some more text. Here is some more text to fill out the block. Here is some more text to fill out the block. Here is some more text to fill out the block. + + + This block has a start-indent of 1cm, padding-left of 4mm and border-left-width of 1mm. It has +no margin-left set. Here is some more text to fill out the block. Here is some more text to fill out the block. Here is some more text. Here is some more text to fill out the block. Here is some more text to fill out the block. Here is some more text to fill out the block. + + + This block has a margin-left of 5mm, padding-left of 4mm and border-left-width of 1mm. (Margin is outside the border rectangle.) It has +no start-indent set. Here is some more text to fill out the block. Here is some more text to fill out the block. Here is some more text. Here is some more text to fill out the block. Here is some more text to fill out the block. Here is some more text to fill out the block. + + + + + End-indent tests + + + This block has an end-indent of 1cm and no borders or padding. It has +no margin-right set. Here is some more text to fill out the block. Here is some more text to fill out the block. Here is some more text. Here is some more text to fill out the block. Here is some more text to fill out the block. Here is some more text to fill out the block. + + + This block has a margin-right of 1cm and no borders or padding. It has +no end-indent set. Here is some more text to fill out the block. Here is some more text to fill out the block. Here is some more text. Here is some more text to fill out the block. Here is some more text to fill out the block. Here is some more text to fill out the block. + + + This block has an end-indent of 1cm, padding-end of 4mm and border-end-width of 1mm. It has +no margin-right set. Here is some more text to fill out the block. Here is some more text to fill out the block. Here is some more text. Here is some more text to fill out the block. Here is some more text to fill out the block. Here is some more text to fill out the block. + + + This block has a margin-right of 5mm, padding-right of 4mm and +border-right-width of 1mm. (Margin is outside the border rectangle.) It has +no end-indent set. Here is some more text to fill out the block. Here is some more text to fill out the block. Here is some more text. Here is some more text to fill out the block. Here is some more text to fill out the block. Here is some more text to fill out the block. + + + This block has a margin-right of 5mm, padding-end of 4mm and +border-end-width of 1mm. (Margin is outside the border rectangle.) It has +no end-indent set. Here is some more text to fill out the block. Here is some more text to fill out the block. Here is some more text. Here is some more text to fill out the block. Here is some more text to fill out the block. Here is some more text to fill out the block. + + + + + diff --git a/examples/fo/basic/extensive.fo b/examples/fo/basic/extensive.fo new file mode 100644 index 000000000..3b9752257 --- /dev/null +++ b/examples/fo/basic/extensive.fo @@ -0,0 +1,146 @@ + + + + + + + + +A Block +An End Aligned Block +A Centered Block +This is a multiple line block that extends over more than one line. There should be appropriate line breaks. Alignment is default. +This is a multiple line block that extends over more than one line. There should be appropriate line breaks. Alignment is end. +This is a multiple line block that extends over more than one line. There should be appropriate line breaks. Alignment is centered. +This is a multiple line block that extends over more than one line. There should be appropriate line breaks. I'm going to keep going so I can get three lines to check how all but the last justify. There, that should do it. Alignment is justified. +A block for comparison +A block with 12pt space-before +A block for comparison +A block with 12pt space-after +A block for comparison +A block with both 12pt space-before and space-after +A block for comparison +This is a multiple line block that extends over more than one line. There should be appropriate line breaks. There is a start-indent of 50pt. +This is a multiple line block that extends over more than one line. There should be appropriate line breaks. There is an end-indent of 50pt. +This is a multiple line block that extends over more than one line. There should be appropriate line breaks. There is a start-indent and end-indent of 50pt. +This is a multiple line block that extends over more than one line. There should be appropriate line breaks. The font-size is set to 15pt. +This is a multiple line block that extends over more than one line. There should be appropriate line breaks. The line-height is set to 20pt. +This is a multiple line block that extends over more than one line. There should be appropriate line breaks. The font-size is set to 15pt and the line-height is set to 20pt. +This is a multiple line block that extends over more than one line. There should be appropriate line breaks. The font-size is set to 15pt and the line-height is set to 15pt. +A block within a block +Text beforeA block within a blockText after +Text beforeA block within a block with 50pt start-intentText after +And again for the page break, text beforeA block within a block with 50pt start-intentText after +Text beforeA block with 50pt start-indent within a block with 50pt start-intentText after +Text beforeA block with 100pt start-indent within a block with 50pt start-intentText after + + +• +This is a multiple line block that extends over more than one line. There should be appropriate line breaks. + + +• +This is a multiple line block that extends over more than one line. There should be appropriate line breaks.This is a multiple line block that extends over more than one line. There should be appropriate line breaks.This is a multiple line block that extends over more than one line. There should be appropriate line breaks. + + + + +• +This is a multiple line block that extends over more than one line. There should be appropriate line breaks. The list-block has a start-indent of 50pt and a text-align of justified. + + +• +This is a multiple line block that extends over more than one line. There should be appropriate line breaks.This is a second multiple line block that extends over more than one line. There should be appropriate line breaks.This is a third multiple line block that extends over more than one line. There should be appropriate line breaks. + + + + +• +This is a multiple line block that extends over more than one line. There should be appropriate line breaks.This is a multiple line block with start-indent 100pt that extends over more than one line. There should be appropriate line breaks.This is a multiple line block that extends over more than one line. There should be appropriate line breaks. + + +• +This is a multiple line block that extends over more than one line. There should be appropriate line breaks.This is an embedded multiple line block that extends over more than one line. There should be appropriate line breaks.This is a multiple line block that extends over more than one line. There should be appropriate line breaks. + + + + + • + A block in a list-item-body + + + • + + + + • + This is a list item in a list that is itself a list item + + + + + + Next Stage + Right, now we are ready to try some newly implemented things like rules. What follows is a display rule of default thickness 1pt and a space-before and space-after of 12pt. + + Now what follows is a leader of thickness 5pt with start-indent of 100pt (same space-before/after as before). + + Colour + black + green + silver + lime + gray + olive + white + yellow + maroon + navy + red + blue + purple + teal + fuchsia + aqua + Wrap + This is a rather long sentence that is going to keep on going and going, not really to demonstrate anything other that normal wrapping because the following paragraph will show what happens when wrap-option is set to no-wrap. + This is a rather long sentence that is going to keep on going and going to demonstrate what happens when wrap-option is set to no-wrap which is unlike the preceding sentence where it defaults to wrap. + This is a rather long sentence that is going to keep on going and going, not really to demonstrate anything other that normal wrapping but it differs from the first of these three sentences in that wrap is set explicitly. + White Space Collapse +This is default! +This is false! +This is true! + + + + This is a heading + + Item one + Item two + + +]]> +--> + Embedded SVG + + + + + + Hello SVG! + + + The above is an example of an SVG graphic + + + + + diff --git a/examples/fo/basic/fonts.fo b/examples/fo/basic/fonts.fo new file mode 100644 index 000000000..2c890bd2f --- /dev/null +++ b/examples/fo/basic/fonts.fo @@ -0,0 +1,224 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +Helvetica + + +! " # $ % & ' ( ) * ++ , - . / 0 1 2 3 4 +5 6 7 8 9 : ; < = > +? @ A B C D E F G H +I J K L M N O P Q R +S T U V W X Y Z [ \ +] ^ _ ` a b c d e f +g h i j k l m n o p +q r s t u v w x y z +{ | } ~ ¡ ¢ £ ¤ ¥ ¦ +§ ¨ © ª « ¬ ® ¯ ° ± +² ³ ´ µ ¶ · ¸ ¹ º » +¼ ½ ¾ ¿ À Á Â Ã Ä Å +Æ Ç È É Ê Ë Ì Í Î Ï +Ð Ñ Ò Ó Ô Õ Ö × Ø Ù +Ú Û Ü Ý Þ ß à á â ã +ä å æ ç è é ê ë ì í +î ï ð ñ ò ó ô õ ö ÷ +ø ù ú û ü ý þ ÿ +Œ œ Š š Ÿ +Ž ž ƒ ˜ – — ‘ +’ ‚ “ ” „ † ‡ +• … ‰ ‹ › ™ + + + +Times Roman + + +! " # $ % & ' ( ) * ++ , - . / 0 1 2 3 4 +5 6 7 8 9 : ; < = > +? @ A B C D E F G H +I J K L M N O P Q R +S T U V W X Y Z [ \ +] ^ _ ` a b c d e f +g h i j k l m n o p +q r s t u v w x y z +{ | } ~ ¡ ¢ £ ¤ ¥ ¦ +§ ¨ © ª « ¬ ® ¯ ° ± +² ³ ´ µ ¶ · ¸ ¹ º » +¼ ½ ¾ ¿ À Á Â Ã Ä Å +Æ Ç È É Ê Ë Ì Í Î Ï +Ð Ñ Ò Ó Ô Õ Ö × Ø Ù +Ú Û Ü Ý Þ ß à á â ã +ä å æ ç è é ê ë ì í +î ï ð ñ ò ó ô õ ö ÷ +ø ù ú û ü ý þ ÿ Œ +œ Š š Ÿ Ž ž ƒ +˜ – — ‘ ’ ‚ +“ ” „ † ‡ • … +‰ ‹ › ™ + + + +Courier + + +! " # $ % & ' ( ) * ++ , - . / 0 1 2 3 4 +5 6 7 8 9 : ; < = > +? @ A B C D E F G H +I J K L M N O P Q R +S T U V W X Y Z [ \ +] ^ _ ` a b c d e f +g h i j k l m n o p +q r s t u v w x y z +{ | } ~ ¡ ¢ £ ¤ ¥ ¦ +§ ¨ © ª « ¬ ® ¯ ° ± +² ³ ´ µ ¶ · ¸ ¹ º » +¼ ½ ¾ ¿ À Á Â Ã Ä Å +Æ Ç È É Ê Ë Ì Í Î Ï +Ð Ñ Ò Ó Ô Õ Ö × Ø Ù +Ú Û Ü Ý Þ ß à á â ã +ä å æ ç è é ê ë ì í +î ï ð ñ ò ó ô õ ö ÷ +ø ù ú û ü ý þ ÿ Œ +œ Š š Ÿ Ž +ž ƒ ˜ – — ‘ +’ ‚ “ ” „ † ‡ +• … ‰ ‹ › ™ + + + + ZapfDingbats: + + +✁ ✂ ✃ ✄ ☎ ✆ ✇ +✈ ✉ ☛ ☞ ✌ ✍ ✎ +✏ ✐ ✑ ✒ ✓ ✔ ✕ +✖ ✗ ✘ ✙ ✚ ✛ ✜ +✝ ✞ ✟ ✠ ✡ ✢ ✣ +✤ ✥ ✦ ✧ ★ ✩ ✪ +✫ ✬ ✭ ✮ ✯ ✰ ✱ +✲ ✳ ✴ ✵ ✶ ✷ ✸ +✹ ✺ ✻ ✼ ✽ ✾ ✿ +❀ ❁ ❂ ❃ ❄ ❅ ❆ +❇ ❈ ❉ ❊ ❋ ● ❍ +■ ❏ ❐ ❑ ❒ ▲ ▼ +◆ ❖ ◗ ❘ ❙ ❚ ❛ +❜ ❝ ❞ ❡ ❢ ❣ ❤ +❥ ❦ ❧ ♣ ♦ ♥ ♠ +① ② ③ ④ ⑤ ⑥ ⑦ +⑧ ⑨ ⑩ ❶ ❷ ❸ ❹ +❺ ❻ ❼ ❽ ❾ ❿ ➀ +➁ ➂ ➃ ➄ ➅ ➆ ➇ +➈ ➉ ➊ ➋ ➌ ➍ ➎ +➏ ➐ ➑ ➒ ➓ ➔ → +↔ ↕ ➘ ➙ ➚ ➛ ➜ +➝ ➞ ➟ ➠ ➡ ➢ ➣ +➤ ➥ ➦ ➧ ➨ ➩ ➪ +➫ ➬ ➭ ➮ ➯ ➱ ➲ +➳ ➴ ➵ ➶ ➷ ➸ ➹ +➺ ➻ ➼ ➽ ➾   +       +     + + + + Symbol: + + +! # % & ( ) + , . / +0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 +: ; < = > ? [ ] _ m +{ | } ¬ ° ± µ × ÷ +ƒ Α Β Γ Ε Ζ Η +Θ Ι Κ Λ Μ Ν Ξ +Ο Π Ρ Σ Τ Υ Φ +Χ Ψ α β γ δ ε +ζ η θ ι κ λ ν +ξ ο π ρ ς σ τ +υ φ χ ψ ω ϑ ϒ +ϕ ϖ • … ′ ″ ⁄ +ℑ ℘ ℜ Ω ℵ ← ↑ +→ ↓ ↔ ↵ ⇐ ⇑ ⇒ +⇓ ⇔ ∀ ∂ ∃ ∅ ∆ +∇ ∈ ∉ ∋ ∏ ∑ − +∗ √ ∝ ∞ ∠ ∧ ∨ +∩ ∪ ∫ ∴ ∼ ≅ ≈ +≠ ≡ ≤ ≥ ⊂ ⊃ ⊄ +⊆ ⊇ ⊕ ⊗ ⊥ ⋅ ⌠ +⌡ 〈 〉 ◊ ♠ ♣ ♥ +♦       +       +       +       +  + + + + Some special characters: + + +Euro ( dec 8364, hex 20AC): € + + + + + Different font sizes: + + + A + A + A + A + A + A + A + A + A + A + A + A + A + A + A + A + A + A + A + A + A + --- + A + A + A + A + + + + + + + diff --git a/examples/fo/basic/hyphen.fo b/examples/fo/basic/hyphen.fo new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6ca5fa5ed --- /dev/null +++ b/examples/fo/basic/hyphen.fo @@ -0,0 +1,468 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Hyphenation tests + + + + + US English + + + + + This document has been reviewed by W3C Members and other interested parties and has been endorsed by the Director as a + W3C Recommendation. It is a stable document and may be used as reference material or cited as a normative reference from + another document. W3C's role in making the Recommendation is to draw attention to the specification and to promote its + widespread deployment. This enhances the functionality and interoperability of the Web. + + + + + This document specifies a syntax created by subsetting an existing, widely used international text processing standard + (Standard Generalized Markup Language, ISO 8879:1986(E) as amended and corrected) for use on the World Wide Web. It + is a product of the W3C XML Activity, details of which can be found at the w3c website. A list of current W3C + Recommendations and other technical documents can be found there too. + + + + + + German + + + + + 1. Warum TEI? + Die Verwendungszeit elektronischer Editionen wird von mehreren + Faktoren verkürzt: der kurzen Lebensdauer der Programme, die zu + ihrer Darstellung verwendet werden, der etwas längeren der + Betriebssysteme, unter denen die Darstellungsprogramme laufen, + der logischen Einrichtung des Datenträgers, auf dem sich die + Edition befindet, und dessen physischer Dauer. Um die besonders + unangenehme Abhängigkeit elektronischer Texte von bestimmten + Programmen und Betriebssystemen zu vermeiden, haben + Wissenschaftler ein Textauszeichnungssystem für philologische + Belange entwickelt, das nach dem Entwicklerteam "Text Encoding + Initiative" (TEI) genannt wird (1). + + + + Das Auszeichnungssystem TEI ist eine Anwendung der Metasprache + zur Beschreibung programmunabhängiger Auszeichnungssysteme SGML + (Standard Generalized Markup Language), so wie auch HTML, mit + dem die meisten Texte des Internets zur Zeit ausgezeichnet + sind, eine Anwendung von SGML ist. Daten, die entsprechend den + TEI-Richtlinien ausgezeichnet worden sind, können also mit + jedem Programm, das SGML-Daten verarbeiten kann, dargestellt, + umgewandelt oder durchsucht werden. (2) + + + + + + Verwendet wurde für die Auszeichnung 'teilite', das eine + Teilmenge des gesamten Auszeichnungssystems TEI bietet, aber + auf einige der komplexeren Merkmale verzichtet und deshalb auch + eine einfache Konvertierung der Daten zu neueren Metasprachen + für Auszeichnungssysteme wie XML, einer Teilmenge von SGML, + ermöglicht. + SGML-Programme mit der Leistungsfähigkeit von Folio Views sind + z.Zt. noch relativ teuer, daher wurde für die vorliegende + Edition der Weg gewählt, den Text doppelt auf die CD zu legen: + Einmal für die sofortige Nutzung mit einer komfortablen + Oberfläche und einmal ohne Software in einem Format, das seine + langfristige Verwendbarkeit garantiert. + Das Nachstehende soll einige Hinweise zur Einrichtung der TEI- + Dateien geben, um deren weitere Verwendung zu erleichtern. + + + + + + + Finnish + + + + Internet - tuo kaiken pahan lähde? + Internet on saanut nauttia lähes täydellisestä sananvapaudesta koko + olemassaolonsa ajan. Parin viimeiksi kuluneen vuoden aikana on kuitenkin + julkisuudessa keskusteltu ahkerasti sen rajoittamisesta. Muutamat ilmaista + kotisivutilaa tarjoavat palvelut ovatkin jo kieltäneet esimerkiksi natsimia + kannattavien sivujen ylläpidon. Astetta pahempaan + suuntaan ollaan kuitenkin menossa. Nettihuutokaupoissa tarjotaan kaikkea + ihmiselimistä lähtien ja itsemurhiin etsitään avustajia itsemurhia suosivilta + nettisivustoilta. Etelä-Koreassa poliisi on pidättänyt 20-vuotiaan miehen, + jota epäillään ns. netti-itsemurhassa avustamisesta. Mies oli luvannut noin + 4000 dollarin korvausta vastaan kuristaa 23-vuotiaan naisen kuoliaaksi. Nainen + tuli kuitenkin viime hetkellä toisiin ajatuksiin. Mies väittää kyseessä olleen + pelkän vitsin. Viime kuussa Etelä-Koreassa kaksi opiskelijaa myrkytti itsensä + netistä löytämiensä ohjeiden avulla. FBI puolestaan + tutkii tapausta, jossa äiti oli myynyt kaksostytöt adoptoitavaksi korkeinta + tarjousta vastaan nettihuutokaupalla. Tytöt myytiin ensin Kaliforniaan Allenin + pariskunnalle, josta äiti kuitenkin kävi ryöstämässä lapset, sillä + englantilainen Kilshawin pariskunta oli tarjonnut tytöistä tuplasumman. + Kilshawit kuljettivat lapset Englantiin ja nyt tyttöjen perässä ovat sekä + kahdet adoptiovanhemmat että iso liuta eri viranomaistahoja. Myös + Iso-Britannian pääministeri Tony Blair on pitänyt lehdistötilaisuuden + aiheeseen liittyen. Lue juttu. K2, 23:10. Lähde: + Newsbytes | 5 kommenttia Mato ryömii + Linux-palvelimiin Internetissä leviää Ramen nimellä + tunnettu mato, joka ilmeisesti hyödyntää kahta tunnettua tietoturva-aukkoa Red + Hat Linuxin 6.2 ja 7.0 versioissa esiintyvissä wu-ftpd ja RPC.statd + -ohjelmissa. Jos mato pääsee sisään järjestelmään, se korvaa palvelimella + sijaitsevan HTML-pääsivun tekstillä, jossa kerrotaan hakkereiden pitävän + nuudeleista. Madon on todettu leviävän erittäin nopeasti, sillä jos kaistaa + riittää se pystyy skannaamaan jopa kaksi B-luokan verkkoa 15 minuutissa. Madon + ei ole todettu avaavan palvelimiin takaovia, joiden kautta madon kirjoittaja + pääsisi sisään järjestelmään. Lue juttu oma, 20:48. + Lähde: ZDNet | 6 kommenttia Macromedia + ja Allaire yhdistyvät Macromedian ja Allairen + julkaisemissa lehdistötiedotteissa kerrotaan yhtiöiden + yhdistymissuunnitelmista. Macromedialle yrityskauppa maksaa noin 2,2 miljardia + markkaa. Uuden yhdistyneen yrityksen nimenä säilyy Macromedia ja sen johdossa + jatkaa Macromedian nykyinen toimitusjohtaja Rob Burgess. Yrityksen tuotteisiin + lukeutuvat mm. Macromedia Dreamweaver, Macromedia Flash, Allaire ColdFusion ja + Allaire JRun. Lue juttu. + + + + + Italian + + + + Un'applicazione di servizio consiste nell'utilizzo + di applicazioni nell'ambito aziendale, senza procedere ad installazioni locali. + L'applicazione ha la particolaritàdi essere ospitata "in-house" tramite + Intranet o presso un fornitore esterno di applicazioni di servizi (ASP, acronimo + di Application Service Provider) e di transitare grazie al protocollo di + Internet. Intermediario eventuale tra l'editore di software e il cliente che + desidera utilizzarli, il provider permette agli utenti di accedere ai vari + programmi, previo contratto d'abbonamento. L'utilizzazione in linea rende automatica la + manutenzione e l'aggiornamento delle applicazioni. A partire da una semplice + interfaccia Web installata su un thin client, l'utente può accedere via + Internet o Intranet all'insieme delle applicazioni attraverso il proprio account + personale e dedicarsi all'utilizzazione approfondita delle applicazioni + professionali. Esempio 1.1. Esempio di applicazione di + servizio Si prenda il caso di + una societàA che desidera ottimizzare la comunicazione interna e la + condivisione delle informazioni. Un fornitore di applicazioni di servizio + potràrispondere rapidamente a questa aspettativa. Inoltre, potràproporre + servizi complementari che permettono di proteggere i dati di A. Dopo aver + studiato l'offerta, un responsabile della società firma con il fornitore B un + contratto d'abbonamento a un'applicazione di servizio perfettamente adattata. Le + società e B scambiano informazioni relative all'utilizzo online di questa + applicazione, come il costo del servizio, le modalitàdi pagamento e la gestione + degli account utente come i profili. + + + + + Danish + + + Bekendtgørelsen har som udkast været + notificeret i overensstemmelse med Europa-parlamentets og RÃ¥dets direktiv + 98/34/EF (Informationsproceduredirektivet), som senest ændret ved direktiv + 98/48/EF. Bekendtgørelsen indeholder bestemmelser der gennemfører dele af + RÃ¥dets direktiv 89/677/EØF (EF-tidende L 398 s. 19). + + + + Bekendtgørelsens regler hindrer + ikke import, salg og anvendelse af produkter, der pÃ¥ tidspunktet for + bekendtgørelsens ikrafttræden er reguleret i medfør af anden lovgivning, + der implementerer EU-direktiver, samt anden lovgivning i øvrigt, herunder + bl.a. bekendtgørelse nr. 807 af 2. december 1986 om + begrænsning af motorbenzins indhold af blyforbindelser og benzen. + + + Import og salg af produkter, der + indeholder kemiske forbindelser af bly, er forbudt fra 1. marts 2001. + Uanset forbudet i stk. + 1 er import og salg af produkter, der indeholder kemiske forbindelser af + bly, fortsat tilladt for de produktkategorier, som er nævnt i bilag + 1 til denne bekendtgørelse, indtil de i bilaget anførte + tidspunkter. + + + + + + Norwegian + + + + + + +Av forstÃ¥elige grunner har Ã¥ret 1814 vært av de mest omdiskuterte i norsk historieforskning. +Med denne bibliografien vil man for første gang fÃ¥ en samlet oversikt over den viktigste +historiske litteraturen omkring dette Ã¥ret og dets mangslungne begivenheter. Likevel har det +vært en tilnærmet umulig oppgave Ã¥ fÃ¥ med absolutt alt som er skrevet om Riksforsamlingen og +Grunnloven i monografier, erindringsverker, bygdebøker, brevsamlinger, tidsskrifter og +aviser helt fra 1814 og til i dag. Bibliografien er et forsøk pÃ¥ Ã¥ samle de viktigste +arbeider om 1814 som kan være av interesse bÃ¥de for forskere og for et bredt +historieinteressert publikum. I denne korte historiografien vil det bli gjort rede for +hvordan dette spennende Ã¥ret er blitt forstÃ¥tt og fortolket av norske og nordiske +historikere gjennom fem ulike tidsepoker. + + +Litteraturen om 1814 kan klassifiseres pÃ¥ flere mÃ¥ter. Grovt sett gÃ¥r det et skille mellom +tre genrer: historiske oversiktsverker, historiske spesialstudier, erindringer og dagbøker +og kilde- og dokumentutgivelser. Av oversiktsverker peker de store Norgeshistoriene seg ut +med sin relativt omfattende behandling av 1814: Nevnes kan +Norges historie fremstillet for +det norske folk, bd. VI.1 (1913), +Det norske folks liv og historie bd. VII (1933), +VÃ¥rt folks historie bd. 6 (1964), +Cappelens Norges historie bd. 9 (1978) og +Aschehougs Norgeshistorie bd. 7 (1996). Disse oversiktene er i vesentlig grad bygd pÃ¥ den omfattende +spesiallitteraturen i bok- eller artikkelform som har et meget vidt spenn, fra biografier +over lokale Eidsvollsmenn til krigshistoriske analyser av felttoget. Mye tidligere skjult +kunnskap er dessuten blitt hentet ut fra dagbøkene til sentrale aktører. Endelig har den +lange rekken av kildeutgivelser hatt stor betydning for forskningen omkring 1814 og bidratt +til Ã¥ endre forskningsbildet flere ganger. + + +1814-1864 + + +Det norske samfunnet etter 1814 ble rekonstruert pÃ¥ den nye Grunnlovens grunn, og vernet om +den stod sentralt i den politiske kampen de neste 25 Ã¥rene. Til tross for dette mÃ¥ man kunne +si at dokumentasjonen av hva som egentlig hadde skjedd i 1814 i mange Ã¥r forble temmelig +beskjeden. Historiene levde, men da helst muntlig eller gjennom private brev og dagbøker. +Dette var kanskje en uunngÃ¥elig konsekvens av omstendighetene. Landet var fattig pÃ¥ kultur, +forleggere og historikere, og de politiske og økonomiske realiteter kalte mer pÃ¥ praktisk +fornuft enn pÃ¥ idealistisk pasjon. Det forekom Ã¥ være en lang vei fra den nasjonale raptus +under de lyse vÃ¥rukene pÃ¥ et grønnende Eidsvoll til den mer prosaiske og realpolitiske +aksept av union og svenskekonge i et høstlig og tÃ¥ketungt Christiania. Det var den nye +Grunnloven av 4. november 1814 som gjaldt og regulerte det norske samfunnet, supplert av +Riksakten av 1815. + + +Riksforsamlingens forhandlinger i 1814 ble utgitt i 6 hefter allerede samme Ã¥r av de valgte +redaktører, professor Georg Sverdrup, professor Ludvig Stoud Platou og tollprokurør +Christopher Omsen. At de ikke ble reprodusert i de følgende Ã¥r, hadde sammenheng med den +svenske holdningen. Forhandlingene pÃ¥ det ekstraordinære Storting ble utgitt bÃ¥de i 1815 og +igjen i 1835, men Carl Johan oppfattet lenge interessen for Riksforsamlingen og 17. mai- +Grunnloven som en indirekte underkjenning av unionsverket og kongens politiske autoritet. +Etter pÃ¥trykk fra ham prøvde norske myndigheter Ã¥ sette en stopper for offentlig feiring av +17. mai helt frem til midten av 1830-Ã¥rene. + + +Rimeligvis ble da forholdet til Danmark snarere enn forholdet til Sverige ett av de første +alvorlige stridsspørsmÃ¥l i perioden. Presten og Eidsvollsmannen Nicolai Wergeland ble +beryktet for den danskfiendtlige og unionsvennlige posisjon han inntok i boken +En sandfærdig Beretning om Danmarks politiske Forbrydelser imod Kongeriget Norge + (anonymt, 1816) som +fulgte nasjonalhistorien helt opp til Kielfreden. Skriftet vakte debatt og kraftige +reaksjoner ikke minst blant det gamle selvstendighetsparti. Blant annet publiserte Christian +Magnus Falsen to motskrifter i 1817. Falsen prøvde ogsÃ¥ Ã¥ popularisere Grunnlovens innhold +for den mindre "oplyste" borgerklasse og allmue gjennom skriftet +Norges Grundlov gjennemgaaet i Spørgs-maal og Svar + (1818, forkortet versjon 1825). Men det mÃ¥ kunne pÃ¥stÃ¥s +at den mer detaljerte historien om grunnlovsverkets tilblivelse og første fase lenge ble +stÃ¥ende i noe av et halvmørke bÃ¥de for det alminnelige folk og for de nye generasjoner, og +at dette skyldtes den politiske situasjonen. Det var Nicolai Wergeland som leverte selve +pionerarbeidet blant de personlige kildesamlingene, +Fortrolige Breve til en Ven, Skrevne fra +Eidsvold i Aaret 1814 (anonymt, 1830). Men det var først da det unionspolitiske klimaet +mildnet etter 1837 at det ble Ã¥pnet for en grundigere historisk analyse av Grunnlovens +forhistorie og tilblivelse. + + + + + Czech + + + + + + Úryvek z knihy Alenka v říši divů + +Alenka si ani trochu neublížila a v mžiku byla na nohou: pohlédla nad sebe a kolem sebe, +nad ní bylo temno a před ní nová dlouhá chodba, v níž jeÅ¡tě zahlédla pospíchajícího Bílého Králíka. +Nesměla ztratit ani vteřinu: jako vítr se pustila za ním a doběhla k němu dosti blízko, aby slyÅ¡ela, +jak si povídá, zahýbaje kolem rohu: "U mých uší a vousů, jak je pozdě!" Byla těsně za ním, když zahnula +kolem rohu. Králík se jí vÅ¡ak náhle ztratil z očí. Byla v dlouhé nízké síni, osvětlené řadou lamp, +visících ze stropu. Po obou stranách síně byly řady dveří, vÅ¡echny vÅ¡ak byly zamčeny, a když je Alenka +vÅ¡echny po jedné i po druhé straně vyzkouÅ¡ela, ubírala se smutně prostředkem síně přemýšlejíc, jak se kdy +opět dostane domů. + + +Pojednou jí stál v cestě malý třínohý stolek, celý z hladkého průhledného skla; na něm nebylo nic než malinký +zlatý klíček, a Alenku hned napadlo, že by to mohl být klíček od některých těch dveří: ale běda! bud' byly zámky +příliÅ¡ velké, nebo klíč příliÅ¡ malý, aÅ¥ už tak nebo onak, nehodily se k sobě. Když vÅ¡ak tak po druhé obcházela, +uviděla před sebou nízkou záclonku, které dříve nezpozorovala, a za ní byly malé dveře, tak asi patnáct palců +vysoké: zkusila zlatý klíček v jejich zámku a k veliké její radosti zapadl. Alenka otevřela dveře a shledala, +že vedou do malé chodbičky, ne prostornější než myší díra. Poklekla a hleděla chodbičkou do nejrozkoÅ¡nější zahrady, +jakou si jen můžete představit. Ó, jak toužila dostat se z malé síně a procházeti se mezi záhony zářivých +květin a chladnými vodotrysky! Ale dveřmi jí neproÅ¡la ani hlava. + + + + + diff --git a/examples/fo/basic/images.fo b/examples/fo/basic/images.fo new file mode 100644 index 000000000..8676c6362 --- /dev/null +++ b/examples/fo/basic/images.fo @@ -0,0 +1,89 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +1. FOP test for images + + A GIF image in FOP + + + + + + A transparent GIF image in FOP + + + + + + A JPEG image in FOP + + + + + + A BMP image in FOP + + + + + + A TIFF image in FOP (Only works with JAI!) + + + + + + + This section is only required to show that the layout still works. + + + + + + + + + + +A. Appendix + + + diff --git a/examples/fo/basic/inhprop.fo b/examples/fo/basic/inhprop.fo new file mode 100644 index 000000000..734073421 --- /dev/null +++ b/examples/fo/basic/inhprop.fo @@ -0,0 +1,175 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Property Function Tests - p. + + + + + + + + Property Function Tests + + + + + Function: object from-parent( NCName) + + + + +The from-parent function returns a computed value of the property +whose name matches the argument specified. The value returned is that +for the parent of the formatting object for which the expression is +evaluated. If there is no parent, the value returned is the initial +value. If the argument specifies a shorthand property and if the +expression only consists of the from-parent function with an argument +matching the property being computed, it is interpreted as an +expansion of the shorthand with each property into which the shorthand +expands, each having a value of from-parent with an argument matching +the property. It is an error if arguments matching a shorthand +property are used in any other way. + + Here is a nested block with font-size = +from-parent(font-size) - 2pt. +Since its parent has font-size=12pt, that should mean 10pt. It should +keep the line height of 1.25em, which means 12.5pt leading. It's +space-before value is set to the space-after value from its +parent. Note that neither of these are inheritable. Does it look right? + + +Here is a nested block with text 2pt larger than its parent (that +should be 14pt). This parent is indented 1cm on both start and end +directions with respect to the values from its parent (which aren't +specified, so they default to 0.0). The color is set to 50% (using the +rgb function with % arguements, and the background color for this +block is black (specified as a keyword). In this block, we'll put an +inline object +whose background and foreground colors invert those of its containing +block. This uses the inherited-property-value +function. Here's an inline +object with fixed colors (black on white). That doesn't +work either. Guess it's not my problem... So let's try it with font +sizes. In this block, we'll put an +inline +object whose font-size is 2 pt bigger than its parent's font-size. + + + An outer block with 12 pt text on 14 pt leading, default color +and 50% grey background color. Test inherited color changes with +nested blocks. + + Interchange color and background color using from-parent function. + + + + + + diff --git a/examples/fo/basic/instream.fo b/examples/fo/basic/instream.fo new file mode 100644 index 000000000..01dde3872 --- /dev/null +++ b/examples/fo/basic/instream.fo @@ -0,0 +1,114 @@ + + + + + + + + + This is used to show how foreign objects are placed in a line area. + + Some block text to separate instream objects. + + + Some text before + + + + + + + + + and some after the svg element. + + + A text line below the instream object. + + + + + + + + + SVG placed in a block + + + + + A text line below the block. + + + A text line with an instream foreign object that is before the line break. + + + + + + + + + +With some text on the next line. With a bit more text to go over the to the next line. + + + A text line with an instream foreign object that is after the line break. +With some text on the next line. With a bit + + + + + + + + + +more text to go over the to the next line. + + + A text line with an instream foreign object that is over the line break. +With some text + + + + + + + + + +on the next line. With a bit more text to go over the to the next line to +see it handles it properly. + + + The next block has an instream object wider than the area. + + + + + + + + + + SVG placed in a really wide block + + + + + This block has an instream object wider than the area after this text + + + + + + + + SVG placed in a really wide block + + + + + + diff --git a/examples/fo/basic/leader.fo b/examples/fo/basic/leader.fo new file mode 100644 index 000000000..cd0bb6832 --- /dev/null +++ b/examples/fo/basic/leader.fo @@ -0,0 +1,725 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Leader examples + + + + fo:leader is mainly used a) in table-of-contents to generate sequences of "." glyphs that separate titles from page numbers + b) to create entry fields in fill-in-the-blank forms c) to create horizontal rules for use as separators. You + define the look and use of fo:leader with the property "leader-pattern". It can have the following values: a) space. This + just creates an space. b) dots. This creates a sequence of "." c) rule. This creates a line. d) use-content. This creates a + repeating pattern of the content of fo:leader (not supported yet by Fop). + + + + + The dimensions of fo:leader are determined by the compound property leader-length. It consists of the + 3 sub values: leader-length.minimum (default = 0), leader-length.optimum (default = 12pt), leader-length.maximum + (default = 100%). If you want to make sure, that leader-length has a fixed size, you should use the compound + property (p.e. leader-length="5cm"). If you want to fill the rest of the remaining space with dots in a table of + content, you can use the default values. + + + + leader with leader-pattern="space" + + + + Entry 1 + p. 12 + + + + Entry 2 + p. 24 + + + + Left side + middle + right side + + + + + Using fo:leader with leader-pattern="dots" + + + + There are two properties which allow you to specify the looks of the dotted line. First + "leader-pattern-width". It specifies the length of one dot and the space up to the next dot. + Second leader-alignment. It can be used to make sure, the dots in different lines are parallel (only value "reference-area" + is supported). + + + + Entry 1 + p. 12 + + + + Entry 2 + p. 24 + + + + + Using fo:leader with leader-pattern="dots" and leader-pattern-width="5pt" and "8pt" + + + + Entry 1 + p. 12 + + + + Entry 2 + p. 24 + + + + + Entry 1 + p. 12 + + + + Entry 2 + p. 24 + + + + Using fo:leader with leader-pattern="dots" in a list + + + + Using fo:leader with leader-pattern="dots", leader-pattern-width="5pt" and "8pt", leader-alignment="reference-area" + + + + Entry 1 + p. 12 + + + + Entry 2 + p. 24 + + + + Entry 3 is longer + p. 36 + + + + Entry 4 is even longer + p. 48 + + + + + 1 + p. 12 + + + + Entry 2 + p. 24 + + + + + Entry 3 is longer + p. 36 + + + + Entry 4 is even longer + p. 48 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + · + + + + + + Entry 1 + p. 12 + + + + + + + + + + · + + + + + + Entry 2 + p. 24 + + + + + + + + + Using fo:leader with leader-pattern="dots" in a table + + + + + + + + + + + Entry 1 + + + + + + p. 12 + + + Entry 2 + + + + + + p. 24 + + + Entry 3 + + + + + + p. 36 + + + + + + + + + Table of Content + + + + shows the use of leader properties in combination to build a table of content. + Following values are used for the leader: + leader-pattern="dots" + leader-pattern-width="8pt" + leader-alignment="reference-area" + no leader-length is specified, so the default values are used (min: 0, opt: 12pt, max: 100%) + + + + + + + + + + + + A) + This is some longer sample text + 1 + + + + + B) + Some text + 2 + + + + C) + Text + 3 + + + + D) + This text is even longer than the first entry + 4 + + + + E) + Shorter text example + 5 + + + + + + + + + + + + Leader with leader-pattern="rule" + + + + text before the rule (start) + + text after the rule + + + + text before the rule (center) + + text after the rule + + + + text before the rule (end) + + text after the rule + + + + Here are some fo:leader with the property rule and different rule styles + (solid, dashed, dotted, double, groove, ridge the last one with colored backgrounds + to the effect) + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Here are 4 fo:leader with increasing rule-thickness (1pt, 2pt, 3pt, 4pt) + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Here are 4 fo:leader with increasing rule-thickness (1pt, 2pt, 3pt, 4pt) and leader-length: 25%, 50%, 75%, 100% + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Using leader in combination with justified text + + + + Here is some longer text. Here is some longer text. + Here is some longer text. Here comes the leader (dots width 8pt): + Here is some longer text. Here is some longer text. + Here is some longer text. Here is some longer text. Here is some longer text. + + + Here is some longer text. Here is some longer text. + Here is some longer text. Here comes the leader (dots width 5pt): + Here is some longer text. Here is some longer text. + Here is some longer text. Here is some longer text. Here is some longer text. + + + Here is some longer text. Here is some longer text. + Here is some longer text. Here comes the leader (dots): + Here is some longer text. Here is some longer text. + Here is some longer text. Here is some longer text. Here is some longer text. + + + + Here is some longer text. Here is some longer text. + Here is some longer text. Here comes the leader (rule): + Here is some longer text. Here is some longer text. + Here is some longer text. Here is some longer text. Here is some longer text. + + + Here is some longer text. Here is some longer text. + Here is some longer text. Here comes the leader (space): + Here is some longer text. Here is some longer text. + Here is some longer text. Here is some longer text. Here is some longer text. + + + + + + + diff --git a/examples/fo/basic/link.fo b/examples/fo/basic/link.fo new file mode 100644 index 000000000..34c5401a9 --- /dev/null +++ b/examples/fo/basic/link.fo @@ -0,0 +1,135 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 0. Normal text without link + + + + + 1. normal.pdf + + + + --- + + + + 2. A one line example (text-align='start'): normal.pdf + + + + --- + + + + 3. A multiline text (text-align='start'). The Extensible Markup Language (XML) is a subset of SGML that is completely described in this document. Its goal is to + enable generic SGML to be served, received, and processed on the Web in the way that is now possible with HTML. XML + has been designed for ease of implementation and for interoperability with both SGML and HTML. For further information + go to normal.pdf + + + + --- + + + + 4. A multiline text (text-align='centered'). The Extensible Markup Language (XML) is a subset of SGML that is completely described in this document. Its goal is to + enable generic SGML to be served, received, and processed on the Web in the way that is now possible with HTML. XML + has been designed for ease of implementation and for interoperability with both SGML and HTML. For further information + go to normal.pdf + + + + --- + + + + 5. A multiline text (text-align='end'). The Extensible Markup Language (XML) is a subset of SGML that is completely described in this document. Its goal is to + enable generic SGML to be served, received, and processed on the Web in the way that is now possible with HTML. XML + has been designed for ease of implementation and for interoperability with both SGML and HTML. For further information + go to normal.pdf + + + + --- + + + + 6. A multiline text (text-align='justify'). The Extensible Markup Language (XML) is a subset of SGML that is completely described in this document. Its goal is to + enable generic SGML to be served, received, and processed on the Web in the way that is now possible with HTML. XML + has been designed for ease of implementation and for interoperability with both SGML and HTML. For further information + go to normal.pdf + + + + --- + + + + 7. A multiline text (text-align='start', space-before.optimum=6pt, font-family=serif padding-top="3pt"). The Extensible Markup Language (XML) is a subset of SGML that is completely described in this document. Its goal is to + enable generic SGML to be served, received, and processed on the Web in the way that is now possible with HTML. XML + has been designed for ease of implementation and for interoperability with both SGML and HTML. For further information + go to normal.pdf + + + + + 8. A multiline text (text-align='start', space-before.optimum=6pt, font-family=serif, padding-top="3pt"). The Extensible Markup Language (XML) is a subset of SGML that is completely described in this document. Its goal is to + enable generic SGML to be served, received, and processed on the Web in the way that is now possible with HTML. XML + has been designed for ease of implementation and for interoperability with both SGML and HTML. For further information + go to normal.pdf + + + + + + + + + + diff --git a/examples/fo/basic/list.fo b/examples/fo/basic/list.fo new file mode 100644 index 000000000..bf8f5de87 --- /dev/null +++ b/examples/fo/basic/list.fo @@ -0,0 +1,2689 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + How to use list elements + + + + + A simple list with bullets in list-item-label + + + + + + + + + + + • + + + + + here is text in the list item body + + + + + + + + + • + + + + + here is text in the list item body + + + + + + + + + • + + + + + here is text in the list item body + + + + + + + + + • + + + + + here is text in the list item body + + + + + + + + + • + + + + + here is text in the list item body + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + &#183; + + + + + + here is text in the list item body + + + + + [other list items...] + + + + +]]> + + + + + + + + + + + + + Doing it better + + + + The distance between the bullets and the list text in the example on the + previous page is too large. You can define this distance and some more. Here is + an overview how to specify what aspects of a list + + + + + + + + image from the w3c xsl working draft 18.10.2000 (full info in list2.fo) + + + + This is the same list with a defined provisional-distance-between-starts (0.3cm) and + provisional-label-separation (0.15cm). + + + + + + + + + + + • + + + + + here is text in the list item body + + + + + + + + + • + + + + + here is text in the list item body + + + + + + + + + • + + + + + here is text in the list item body + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + &#183; + + + + + + here is text in the list item body + + + + + [other list items...] + + + +]]> + + + + + + + + + A simple list with text before and after + + + + + This is normal text. This is normal text. This is normal text. This is normal text. This is normal text. + This is normal text. This is normal text. This is normal text. This is normal text. This is normal text. + + + + + + + + + + • + + + + + here is text in the list item body + + + + + + + + + • + + + + + here is text in the list item body + + + + + + + + + • + + + + + here is text in the list item body + + + + + + + + + • + + + + + here is text in the list item body + + + + + + + + + • + + + + + here is text in the list item body + + + + + + + + + + This is normal text. This is normal text. This is normal text. This is normal text. This is normal text. + This is normal text. This is normal text. This is normal text. This is normal text. This is normal text. + + + + + + + + A list with longer text + + + + + + + + + + • + + + + + here is text in the list item body. here is text in the list item body. + here is text in the list item body. here is text in the list item body. + here is text in the list item body. here is text in the list item body. + here is text in the list item body. here is text in the list item body. + + + + + + + + + • + + + + + here is text in the list item body. here is text in the list item body. + here is text in the list item body. here is text in the list item body. + here is text in the list item body. here is text in the list item body. + here is text in the list item body. here is text in the list item body. + + + + + + + + + • + + + + + here is text in the list item body. here is text in the list item body. + here is text in the list item body. here is text in the list item body. + here is text in the list item body. here is text in the list item body. + here is text in the list item body. here is text in the list item body. + + + + + + + + + • + + + + + here is text in the list item body. here is text in the list item body. + here is text in the list item body. here is text in the list item body. + here is text in the list item body. here is text in the list item body. + here is text in the list item body. here is text in the list item body. + + + + + + + + + • + + + + + here is text in the list item body. here is text in the list item body. + here is text in the list item body. here is text in the list item body. + here is text in the list item body. here is text in the list item body. + here is text in the list item body. here is text in the list item body. + + + + + + + + + + + + A simple list with long labels + + + + + This is normal text. This is normal text. This is normal text. This is normal text. This is normal text. + This is normal text. This is normal text. This is normal text. This is normal text. This is normal text. + + + + + + + + + + label 1) + + + + + here is text in the list item body + + + + + + + + + lab. 2) + + + + + here is text in the list item body + + + + + + + + + lab. 3) + + + + + here is text in the list item body + + + + + + + + + lab. 4) + + + + + here is text in the list item body + + + + + + + + + lab. 5) + + + + + here is text in the list item body + + + + + + + + + + This is normal text. This is normal text. This is normal text. This is normal text. This is normal text. + This is normal text. This is normal text. This is normal text. This is normal text. This is normal text. + + + + + + + + + A long list + + + + + + + + + + • + + + + + here is text in the list item body + + + + + + + + + • + + + + + here is text in the list item body + + + + + + + + + • + + + + + here is text in the list item body + + + + + + + + + • + + + + + here is text in the list item body + + + + + + + + + • + + + + + here is text in the list item body + + + + + + + + + • + + + + + here is text in the list item body + + + + + + + + + • + + + + + here is text in the list item body + + + + + + + + + • + + + + + here is text in the list item body + + + + + + + + + • + + + + + here is text in the list item body + + + + + + + + + • + + + + + here is text in the list item body + + + + + + + + + • + + + + + here is text in the list item body + + + + + + + + + • + + + + + here is text in the list item body + + + + + + + + + • + + + + + here is text in the list item body + + + + + + + + + • + + + + + here is text in the list item body + + + + + + + + + • + + + + + here is text in the list item body + + + + + + + + + • + + + + + here is text in the list item body + + + + + + + + + • + + + + + here is text in the list item body + + + + + + + + + • + + + + + here is text in the list item body + + + + + + + + + • + + + + + here is text in the list item body + + + + + + + + + • + + + + + here is text in the list item body + + + + + + + + + • + + + + + here is text in the list item body + + + + + + + + + • + + + + + here is text in the list item body + + + + + + + + + • + + + + + here is text in the list item body + + + + + + + + + • + + + + + here is text in the list item body + + + + + + + + + • + + + + + here is text in the list item body + + + + + + + + + • + + + + + here is text in the list item body + + + + + + + + + • + + + + + here is text in the list item body + + + + + + + + + • + + + + + here is text in the list item body + + + + + + + + + • + + + + + here is text in the list item body + + + + + + + + + • + + + + + here is text in the list item body + + + + + + + + + • + + + + + here is text in the list item body + + + + + + + + + • + + + + + here is text in the list item body + + + + + + + + + • + + + + + here is text in the list item body + + + + + + + + + • + + + + + here is text in the list item body + + + + + + + + + • + + + + + here is text in the list item body + + + + + + + + + • + + + + + here is text in the list item body + + + + + + + + + • + + + + + here is text in the list item body + + + + + + + + + • + + + + + here is text in the list item body + + + + + + + + + • + + + + + here is text in the list item body + + + + + + + + + • + + + + + here is text in the list item body + + + + + + + + + • + + + + + here is text in the list item body + + + + + + + + + • + + + + + here is text in the list item body + + + + + + + + + • + + + + + here is text in the list item body + + + + + + + + + • + + + + + here is text in the list item body + + + + + + + + + • + + + + + here is text in the list item body + + + + + + + + + • + + + + + here is text in the list item body + + + + + + + + + • + + + + + here is text in the list item body + + + + + + + + + • + + + + + here is text in the list item body + + + + + + + + + • + + + + + here is text in the list item body + + + + + + + + + • + + + + + here is text in the list item body + + + + + + + + + • + + + + + here is text in the list item body + + + + + + + + + • + + + + + here is text in the list item body + + + + + + + + • + + + + + here is text in the list item body + + + + + + + + + • + + + + + here is text in the list item body + + + + + + + + + • + + + + + here is text in the list item body + + + + + + + + + • + + + + + here is text in the list item body + + + + + + + + + • + + + + + here is text in the list item body + + + + + + + + + • + + + + + here is text in the list item body + + + + + + + + + • + + + + + here is text in the list item body + + + + + + + + + • + + + + + here is text in the list item body + + + + + + + + + • + + + + + here is text in the list item body + + + + + + + + + • + + + + + here is text in the list item body + + + + + + + + + • + + + + + here is text in the list item body + + + + + + + + + • + + + + + here is text in the list item body + + + + + + + + + • + + + + + here is text in the list item body + + + + + + + + + • + + + + + here is text in the list item body + + + + + + + + + • + + + + + here is text in the list item body + + + + + + + + + • + + + + + here is text in the list item body + + + + + + + + + • + + + + + here is text in the list item body + + + + + + + + + • + + + + + here is text in the list item body + + + + + + + + + • + + + + + here is text in the list item body + + + + + + + + + • + + + + + here is text in the list item body + + + + + + + + + • + + + + + here is text in the list item body + + + + + + + + + • + + + + + here is text in the list item body + + + + + + + + + • + + + + + here is text in the list item body + + + + + + + + + • + + + + + here is text in the list item body + + + + + + + + + • + + + + + here is text in the list item body + + + + + + + + + • + + + + + here is text in the list item body + + + + + + + + • + + + + + here is text in the list item body + + + + + + + + + • + + + + + here is text in the list item body + + + + + + + + + • + + + + + here is text in the list item body + + + + + + + + + • + + + + + here is text in the list item body + + + + + + + + + • + + + + + here is text in the list item body + + + + + + + + + • + + + + + here is text in the list item body + + + + + + + + + • + + + + + here is text in the list item body + + + + + + + + + • + + + + + here is text in the list item body + + + + + + + + + • + + + + + here is text in the list item body + + + + + + + + + • + + + + + here is text in the list item body + + + + + + + + + • + + + + + here is text in the list item body + + + + + + + + + • + + + + + here is text in the list item body + + + + + + + + + • + + + + + here is text in the list item body + + + + + + + + + + + + + A nested list with justified text + + + + + This is normal text. 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This is normal text. This is normal text. This is normal text. This is normal text. + This is normal text. This is normal text. This is normal text. This is normal text. This is normal text. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + • + + + + + here is text in the list item body. here is text in the list item body. + here is text in the list item body. here is text in the list item body. + + + + + + + + + • + + + + here comes a nested list with numbers + + + + + + + + + + 1.) + + + + + nested list item + + + + [more item in nested list ...] + + + + + + + + + + [more item in list ...] + + + + +]]> + + + + + + A long nested list + + + + + This is normal text. This is normal text. This is normal text. This is normal text. This is normal text. + This is normal text. This is normal text. This is normal text. This is normal text. This is normal text. + + + + + + + + + + • + + + + + here is text in the list item body. here is text in the list item body. + here is text in the list item body. here is text in the list item body. + + + + + + + + + • + + + + + here is text in the list item body. here is text in the list item body. + here is text in the list item body. here is text in the list item body. + + + + + + + + + • + + + + + here is text in the list item body. here is text in the list item body. + here is text in the list item body. here is text in the list item body. + + + + + + + + + • + + + + + here is text in the list item body. here is text in the list item body. + here is text in the list item body. here is text in the list item body. + + + + + + + + + • + + + + + here is text in the list item body. here is text in the list item body. + here is text in the list item body. here is text in the list item body. + + + + + + + + + • + + + + + here is text in the list item body. here is text in the list item body. + here is text in the list item body. here is text in the list item body. + + + + + + + + + • + + + + here comes a nested list with numbers + + + + + + + + + + 1.) + + + + + nested list item + + + + + + + + 2.) + + + + + nested list item with more text. nested list item with more text. + nested list item with more text. nested list item with more text. + nested list item with more text. nested list item with more text. + + + + + + + + + 3.) + + + + + nested list item + + + + + + + + 4.) + + + + + nested list item with more text. nested list item with more text. + nested list item with more text. nested list item with more text. + nested list item with more text. nested list item with more text. + + + + + + + + + 5.) + + + + + nested list item + + + + + + + + 6.) + + + + + nested list item with more text. nested list item with more text. + nested list item with more text. nested list item with more text. + nested list item with more text. nested list item with more text. + + + + + + + + + 7.) + + + + + nested list item with more text. nested list item with more text. + nested list item with more text. nested list item with more text. + nested list item with more text. nested list item with more text. + + + + + + + + + 8.) + + + + + nested list item with more text. nested list item with more text. + nested list item with more text. nested list item with more text. + nested list item with more text. nested list item with more text. + + + + + + + + + 9.) + + + + + nested list item with more text. nested list item with more text. + nested list item with more text. nested list item with more text. + nested list item with more text. nested list item with more text. + + + + + + + + + 10.) + + + + + nested list item with more text. nested list item with more text. + nested list item with more text. nested list item with more text. + nested list item with more text. nested list item with more text. + + + + + + + + + 11.) + + + + + nested list item with more text. nested list item with more text. + nested list item with more text. nested list item with more text. + nested list item with more text. nested list item with more text. + + + + + + + + + 12.) + + + + + nested list item with more text. nested list item with more text. + nested list item with more text. nested list item with more text. + nested list item with more text. nested list item with more text. + + + + + + + + + 13.) + + + + + nested list item with more text. nested list item with more text. + nested list item with more text. nested list item with more text. + nested list item with more text. nested list item with more text. + + + + + + + + + 14.) + + + + + nested list item with more text. nested list item with more text. + nested list item with more text. nested list item with more text. + nested list item with more text. nested list item with more text. + + + + + + + + + 15.) + + + + + nested list item with more text. nested list item with more text. + nested list item with more text. nested list item with more text. + nested list item with more text. nested list item with more text. + + + + + + + + + 16.) + + + + + nested list item with more text. nested list item with more text. + nested list item with more text. nested list item with more text. + nested list item with more text. nested list item with more text. + + + + + + + + + 17.) + + + + + nested list item with more text. nested list item with more text. + nested list item with more text. nested list item with more text. + nested list item with more text. nested list item with more text. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + • + + + + + here is text in the list item body. here is text in the list item body. + here is text in the list item body. here is text in the list item body. + + + + + + + + + • + + + + + here is text in the list item body + + + + + + + + + • + + + + + here is text in the list item body. here is text in the list item body. + here is text in the list item body. here is text in the list item body. + + + + + + + + + + + This is normal text. This is normal text. This is normal text. This is normal text. This is normal text. + This is normal text. This is normal text. This is normal text. This is normal text. This is normal text. + + + + + + + + + diff --git a/examples/fo/basic/newlinktest.fo b/examples/fo/basic/newlinktest.fo new file mode 100644 index 000000000..cc834e6e0 --- /dev/null +++ b/examples/fo/basic/newlinktest.fo @@ -0,0 +1,114 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + FOP is the world's first print formatter driven by XSL formatting + objects. It is a Java 1.1 application that reads a formatting object + tree and then turns it into a PDF document. The formatting object + tree, can be in the form of an XML document (output by an XSLT engine + like XT or Xalan) or can be passed in memory as a DOM Document or (in + the case of XT) SAX events. + + + FOP is part of Apache's XML project. The homepage of FOP is + http://xml.apache.org/fop + + + +align="start" + + + + Apache FOP is the world's first print formatter driven by XSL formatting + objects. It is a Java 1.1 application that reads a formatting object + tree and then turns it into a PDF document. The formatting object + tree, can be in the form of an XML document (output by an XSLT engine + like XT or Xalan) or can be passed in memory as a DOM Document or (in + the case of XT) SAX events. + + + + +align="center" + + + + Apache FOP is the world's first print formatter driven by XSL formatting + objects. It is a Java 1.1 application that reads a formatting object + tree and then turns it into a PDF document. The formatting object + tree, can be in the form of an XML document (output by an XSLT engine + like XT or Xalan) or can be passed in memory as a DOM Document or (in + the case of XT) SAX events. + + + + +align="justify" + + + + Apache FOP is the world's first print formatter driven by XSL formatting + objects. It is a Java 1.1 application that reads a formatting object + tree and then turns it into a PDF document. The formatting object + tree, can be in the form of an XML document (output by an XSLT engine + like XT or Xalan) or can be passed in memory as a DOM Document or (in + the case of XT) SAX events. + + + + + + + + + + + good + bad + ugly + + + nice + dice + vice + + + literature + music + art + + + java + perl + python + + + + + + + + + + diff --git a/examples/fo/basic/normal.fo b/examples/fo/basic/normal.fo new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b8eedf68a --- /dev/null +++ b/examples/fo/basic/normal.fo @@ -0,0 +1,149 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + XML Recommendation - p. + + + + + + + + Extensible Markup Language (XML) 1.0 + + + + + Abstract + + + + + The Extensible Markup Language (XML) is a subset of SGML that is completely described in this document. Its goal is to + enable generic SGML to be served, received, and processed on the Web in the way that is now possible with HTML. XML + has been designed for ease of implementation and for interoperability with both SGML and HTML. + + + + + Status of this document + + + + + This document has been reviewed by W3C Members and other interested parties and has been endorsed by the Director as a + W3C Recommendation. It is a stable document and may be used as reference material or cited as a normative reference from + another document. W3C's role in making the Recommendation is to draw attention to the specification and to promote its + widespread deployment. This enhances the functionality and interoperability of the Web. + + + + + This document specifies a syntax created by subsetting an existing, widely used international text processing standard + (Standard Generalized Markup Language, ISO 8879:1986(E) as amended and corrected) for use on the World Wide Web. It + is a product of the W3C XML Activity, details of which can be found at http://www.w3.org/XML. A list of current W3C + Recommendations and other technical documents can be found at http://www.w3.org/TR. + + + + diff --git a/examples/fo/basic/normalex.fo b/examples/fo/basic/normalex.fo new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b019d0731 --- /dev/null +++ b/examples/fo/basic/normalex.fo @@ -0,0 +1,149 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + XML Recommendation - p. + + + + + + + + Extensible Markup Language (XML) 1.0 + + + + + Abstract + + + + + The Extensible Markup Language (XML) is a subset of SGML that is completely described in this document. Its goal is to + enable generic SGML to be served, received, and processed on the Web in the way that is now possible with HTML. XML + has been designed for ease of implementation and for interoperability with both SGML and HTML. + + + + + Status of this document + + + + + This document has been reviewed by W3C Members and other interested parties and has been endorsed by the Director as a + W3C Recommendation. It is a stable document and may be used as reference material or cited as a normative reference from + another document. W3C's role in making the Recommendation is to draw attention to the specification and to promote its + widespread deployment. This enhances the functionality and interoperability of the Web. + + + + + This document specifies a syntax created by subsetting an existing, widely used international text processing standard + (Standard Generalized Markup Language, ISO 8879:1986(E) as amended and corrected) for use on the World Wide Web. It + is a product of the W3C XML Activity, details of which can be found at http://www.w3.org/XML. A list of current W3C + Recommendations and other technical documents can be found at http://www.w3.org/TR. + + + + + diff --git a/examples/fo/basic/pdfoutline.fo b/examples/fo/basic/pdfoutline.fo new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a52819481 --- /dev/null +++ b/examples/fo/basic/pdfoutline.fo @@ -0,0 +1,1411 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + What is FOP? + + + + Downloading FOP + + + + Running FOP + + + Prerequisites + + + Java 1.1 + + + + XML Parser + + + + XSLT Processor + + + + + + Starting FOP + + + + + + Embedding FOP + + + + What's Implemented? + + + Limitations + + + Bugs + + + Compiling FOP + + + Getting Involved + + + FOP Relevant Specifications + + + License + + + + + + + + + + +This is not the latest Fop documentation, but just an fo example. FOP - p. + + + + + + +FOP: An Open-Source XSL Formatter and Renderer + + + +A) + What is FOP? + FOP is the world's first print formatter driven by XSL formatting + objects. It is a Java 1.1 application that reads a formatting object + tree and then turns it into a PDF document. The formatting object + tree, can be in the form of an XML document (output by an XSLT engine + like XT or Xalan) or can be passed in memory as a DOM Document or (in + the case of XT) SAX events. + + + FOP is part of Apache's XML project. The homepage of FOP is + http://xml.apache.org/fop + + + + + + B) + Downloading FOP + The latest release version is FOP +0.14 + () + . + NOTE: you do not have to unjar or unzip this jar file. + Documentation can be downloaded here as HMTL file + + () + or + as PDF file + + () + . + To run FOP from the command line, see Running FOP. If you are interested in + embedding FOP in a Java application of your own, see Embedding FOP. + + You can also download the source code v. 0.14 + + () + as jar file + + + + C) + Running FOP + + 1) Prerequisites + Following software must be installed: + a) Java 1.1.x or later + For the fo-file viewer mode of FOP (see below) you must have the swing classes installed. + From Java 1.2 on (aka Java 2) they are part of the standard java distribution. + If you use Java 1.1.x you must seperately include the swing classes, which can + be found at the + Sun website + + (http://java.sun.com/products/jfc/#download-swing) + . + + b) An XML parser which supports SAX and DOM like + Xerces-J + + (http://xml.apache.org/xerces-j/index.html) + . + c) If you have to produce the flow objects files, which are the input for FOP, + you need a transformation utility to create this files from your xml files. + Normally this is an XSLT stylesheet processor like + XT + + (http://www.jclark.com/xml/xt.html) + + or XALAN + + (http://xml.apache.org/xalan/index.html) + . + + + + 2) Starting FOP as an standalone application + There are three ways to run FOP from the command line. + a) Batch processing formatting objects (fo) files: + java org.apache.fop.apps.CommandLine fo-file pdf-file + b) Batch processing xml files (includes production of the fo-files): + java org.apache.fop.apps.CommandLine xml-file xsl-file pdf-file + c) Previewing the fo-file: + java org.apache.fop.apps.AWTCommandLine fo-file + Each method uses next to the fop classes other packages. The following describes + each method in detail. + + a) Method One + One is to first use an XSLT engine to produce the formatting object tree as an + XML document and then running the class org.apache.fop.apps.CommandLine with the + formatting object file name and PDF filename as arguments. You will need to include + FOP and your XML Parser in your classpath and so you might invoke + + java -cp fop_x_xx_x.jar;xerces.jar + org.apache.fop.apps.CommandLine fo-file pdf-file + If your SAX Parser is other than Xerces, you will need to set the property + org.xml.sax.parser to the SAX Parser class to use. The following example shows + the command line, if you use XP, the XML parser from James Clark: + + java -Dorg.xml.sax.parser=com.jclark.xml.sax.Driver + -cp fop_x_xx_x.jar;sax.jar;xt.jar;xp.jar;xerces.jar + org.apache.fop.apps.AWTCommandLine formatting-tree-file pdf-file + (You have to include xerces.jar or another xml parser which supports DOM in your classpath.) + + + b) Method Two + Rather than performing transformation with an XSLT before invoking FOP, it is + possible, if you use XT as your XSLT engine, to just call FOP and have it call + XT for you. To do this, run the class org.apache.fop.apps.CommandLine with the + source XML file name, XSL file name and PDF file name as arguments. You will + need to include FOP, SAX, your SAX Parser and XT in your classpath and so you might + invoke + + java -Dorg.xml.sax.parser=com.jclark.xml.sax.Driver + -cp fop_x_xx_x.jar;xt.jar;xerces.jar + org.apache.fop.apps.CommandLine xml-file xsl-file pdf-file + Again, if your SAX Parser is other than Xerces, you will need to set the property + org.xml.sax.parser to the SAX Parser class to use. + + + + c) Method Three + If you already produced the FO file, you can preview the results of your + transformation without using any pdf viewer by invoking FOP with the viewer + application. You will need to include FOP and your XML Parser in your classpath + + java -cp fop_x_xx_x.jar;xerces.jar + org.apache.fop.apps.AWTCommandLine fo-file + The viewer uses the swing classes. + Note: If you are using java 2 or later (i.e. jdk 1.2. or later) you can put all + needed jar files into the subdirectory jdk1.2.x\jre\lib\ext (windows example). Then + FOP can be started without classpath: + + java org.apache.fop.apps.CommandLine fo-file pdf-file + + + + 3) Running FOP on MacOS + + Ensure that you have a recent MRJ, and that you have downloaded and + unpacked the XP and SAX distributions. The xp.jar and sax.jar files work + as is on MacOS. + + Drag the FOP jarfile onto the JBindery icon. When the first dialog + appears, type "org.apache.fop.apps.CommandLine" in the "Class name" field. + Using UNIX syntax, type the names of the input formatting-object file and + the output PDF in the "Optional parameters" field. + + Click on the Classpath icon. To add the xp.jar and sax.jar files, click + the "Add .zip file" button, navigate to the file in question, and click + Open. + + Once both are added (the FOP jarfile will already be in the list), click + Run. A "stdout" window will appear and display FOP runtime messages. + + + + 4) Problems + If you have problems running FOP, please have a look at the + FOP FAQ + + (faq.html) + . If you don't find a solution there, + you can ask for help on the list fop-dev@xml.apache.org. Maybe it's bug and + maybe somebody is already working on it. + + + + + + D) + Embedding FOP + Instantiate org.apache.fop.apps.Driver. Once this class is + instantiated, methods are called to set the + Renderer to use, the (possibly multiple) ElementMapping(s) to + use and the PrintWriter to use to output the results of the + rendering (where applicable). In the case of the Renderer and + ElementMapping(s), the Driver may be supplied either with the + object itself, or the name of the class, in which case Driver will + instantiate the class itself. The advantage of the latter is it + enables runtime determination of Renderer and ElementMapping(s). + + Once the Driver is set up, the buildFOTree method + is called. Depending on whether DOM or SAX is being used, the + invocation of the method is either buildFOTree(Document) or + buildFOTree(Parser, InputSource) respectively. + + A third possibility may be used to build the FO Tree, namely + calling getDocumentHandler() and firing the SAX events yourself. + + Once the FO Tree is built, the format() and render() methods may be + called in that order. + + Here is an example use of Driver from CommandLine.java: + Driver driver = new Driver(); + driver.setRenderer("org.apache.fop.render.pdf.PDFRenderer", version); + driver.addElementMapping("org.apache.fop.fo.StandardElementMapping"); + driver.addElementMapping("org.apache.fop.svg.SVGElementMapping"); + driver.setWriter(new PrintWriter(new FileWriter(args[1]))); + driver.buildFOTree(parser, fileInputSource(args[0])); + driver.format(); + driver.render(); + + + + + + + E) + What's Implemented? + Also see STATUS for what is being worked on. + + 1) Formatting Objects + + + +• + + +root + + + + +• + + +layout-master-set + + + + +• + + +simple-page-master + + + + +• + + +region-body + + + + +• + + +region-before + + + + +• + + +region-after + + + + +• + + +page-sequence + + + + +• + + +sequence-specification + + + + +• + + +sequence-specifier-single + + + + +• + + +sequence-specifier-repeating + + + + +• + + +sequence-specifier-alternating + + + + +• + + +flow + + + + +• + + +static-content + + + + +• + + +block + + + + +• + + +list-block + + + + +• + + +list-item + + + + +• + + +list-item-label + + + + +• + + +list-item-body + + + + +• + + +page-number + + + + +• + + +display-sequence + + + + +• + + +inline + + + + +• + + +display-rule + + + + +• + + +display-graphic + + + + +• + + +table (minimal support) + + + + +• + + +table-column (minimal support) + + + + +• + + +table-body (minimal support) + + + + +• + + +table-row (minimal support) + + + + +• + + +table-cell (minimal support) + + + + + + + 2) Properties + + + +• + + +end-indent + + + + +• + + +page-master-name + + + + +• + + +page-master-first + + + + +• + + +page-master-repeating + + + + +• + + +page-master-odd + + + + +• + + +page-master-even + + + + +• + + +margin-top (only on pages and regions) + + + + +• + + +margin-bottom (only on pages and regions) + + + + +• + + +margin-left (only on pages and regions) + + + + +• + + +margin-right (only on pages and regions) + + + + +• + + +extent + + + + +• + + +page-width + + + + +• + + +page-height + + + + +• + + +flow-name + + + + +• + + +font-family + + + + +• + + +font-style + + + + +• + + +font-weight + + + + +• + + +font-size + + + + +• + + +line-height + + + + +• + + +text-align + + + + +• + + +text-align-last + + + + +• + + +space-before.optimum + + + + +• + + +space-after.optimum + + + + +• + + +start-indent + + + + +• + + +end-indent + + + + +• + + +provisional-distance-between-starts + + + + +• + + +provisional-label-separation + + + + +• + + +rule-thickness + + + + +• + + +color + + + + +• + + +wrap-option + + + + +• + + +white-space-treatment + + + + +• + + +break-before + + + + +• + + +break-after + + + + +• + + +text-indent + + + + +• + + +href + + + + +• + + +column-width + + + + +• + + +background-color + + + + +• + + +padding-top (only in conjunction with background color) + + + + +• + + +padding-left (only in conjunction with background color) + + + + +• + + +padding-bottom (only in conjunction with background color) + + + + +• + + +padding-right (only in conjunction with background color) + + + + + + + + + + F) + Limitations + Although FOP implements the above listed fo objects and properties, sometimes it does so + only in a limited way. + + + list-block + The fo working draft allows describes two ways to markup lists.The list-block must have as + children either: 1) pairs of fo:list-item-label and fo:list-item-body formatting objects, or + 2) fo:list-item formatting objects. + At the moment FOP only implements the second way. Therefore a list has a basic structure like this: + <fo:list-block> + <fo:list-item> + <fo:list-item-label><fo:block></fo:block></fo:list-item-label> + <fo:list-item-body><fo:block></fo:block></fo:list-item-body> + </fo:list-item> + </fo:list-block> + + + Padding + Padding works in conjunction with indents and spaces. It is only implemented + for blocks. At the moment padding can't be used to make extra space (indents+spaces + must be used), but only to control how much the background-color extends beyond + the content rectangle. + + + + Tables + There two limitations for tables: 1) FOP needs you to explicitly specify column widths + 2) Cells have to contain block-level FOs. They can't contain straight character data. + + A working basic example of a table looks like this: + <fo:table> + <fo:table-column column-width="150pt"/> + <fo:table-column column-width="150pt"/> + <fo:table-body font-size="10pt" font-family="sans-serif"> + <fo:table-row> + <fo:table-cell> + <fo:block>text</fo:block> + </fo:table-cell> + <fo:table-cell> + <fo:block>text</fo:block> + </fo:table-cell> + </fo:table-row> + <fo:table-row> + <fo:table-cell> + <fo:block>text</fo:block> + </fo:table-cell> + <fo:table-cell> + <fo:block>text</fo:block> + </fo:table-cell> + </fo:table-row> + <fo:table-row> + <fo:table-cell> + <fo:block>text</fo:block> + </fo:table-cell> + <fo:table-cell> + <fo:block>text</fo:block> + </fo:table-cell> + </fo:table-row> + </fo:table-body> + </fo:table> + + + + + + + + + + + + G) + Bugs + see STATUS file + + + + + + + H) + Compiling FOP + + 1. Prerequisites + + a) Java 1.1.x or later + If you use Java 1.1.x you must also seperately include the swing classes, which can + be found at the + Sun website + + (http://java.sun.com/products/jfc/#download-swing) + . From Java 1.2 on (aka Java 2) they are part of the standard + distribution. + + + + b) An XML parser + An XML parser which supports DOM like + Xerces-J + + (http://xml.apache.org/xerces-j/index.html) + . + + + c) XT from James Clark + Some of the Java source code in FOP is generated from XML using + XSLT. XT must be used to generate this code. + XT is an XSL stylesheet processor written in java. At the moment you + can't use any other processor, because the make file makes use of some + proprietary features of Clark's xt which allow to write output in more + then one document. You can find XT at + James Clark's website + + (http://www.jclark.com/xml/xt.html) + . You have to use XT version 19991105 or later. + (Under windows you shouldn't use the prepackaged xt.exe but also the + generic jar file, otherwise make won't work) + + XT relies on an sax parser like XP (also J. Clark), which can be + downloaded at James + Clark's Website + + (http://www.jclark.com/xml/xp/index.html) + + + + + d) make + Under windows it has been reported that the use of the cygnus solutions port + of the GNU utilities works. You can find it at + Cygnus Solutions + + (http://sourceware.cygnus.com/cygwin/) + + + + + + Compiling FOP on MacOS + + We strongly recommend the use of Codewarrior Java. This Readme will + contain a link to more information in the near future. + + + + + + + + + I) + Getting involved + 1. Subscribe to fop-dev@xml.apache.org by sending an email + to fop-dev-subscribe@xml.apache.org + 2. Read the archives to fop-dev to get an idea of the issues being + discussed. + 3. Subscribe to fop-cvs@xml.apache.org by sending an email to + fop-cvs-subscribe@xml.apache.org (it is important + that you follow changes being made). + 4. Try :-) to wrap your head around the XSL working draft. + 5. Get CVS working on your system. + 6. Ask, on fop-dev, any questions you have at all about the code, design, etc. + 7. When you feel comfortable modifying the code, send diffs to + fop-dev with your contributions. + 8. Have fun! + + + + + + + J) + FOP Relevant Specifications + + + +• + + + +XML Recommendation + + (http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml) + + + + + + +• + + + +XSL-FO Working Draft + + (http://www.w3.org/TR/WD-xsl/) + + + + + + +• + + + +XSLT Recommendation + + (http://www.w3.org/TR/xslt) + + + + + + +• + + + +PDF Documentation + + (http://partners.adobe.com/asn/developer/acrosdk/DOCS/pdfspec.pdf) + + + + + + +• + + + +Simple API for XML (SAX) + + (http://www.megginson.com/SAX/) + + + + + + +• + + + +Document Object Model (DOM) + + (http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-DOM-Level-1) + + + + + + +• + + + +Namespaces in XML Recommendation + + (http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml-names/) + + + + + + +• + + + +Java JDK 1.1 Documentation + + (http://java.sun.com/products/jdk/1.1/docs/index.html) + + + + + + + + + + + + K) + Licence + ================================================================== + The Apache Software License, Version 1.1 + ================================================================== + Copyright (C) 1999 The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved. + Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, + are permitted provided that the following conditions are met: + 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, + this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. + + + 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, + this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation + and/or other materials provided with the distribution. + + + 3. The end-user documentation included with the redistribution, if any, must + include the following acknowledgment: "This product includes software + developed by the Apache Software Foundation (http://www.apache.org/)." + Alternately, this acknowledgment may appear in the software itself, if + and wherever such third-party acknowledgments normally appear. + + + 4. The names "FOP" and "Apache Software Foundation" must not be used to + endorse or promote products derived from this software without prior + written permission. For written permission, please contact + apache@apache.org. + + + 5. Products derived from this software may not be called "Apache", nor may + "Apache" appear in their name, without prior written permission of the + Apache Software Foundation. + + THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, + INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND + FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE + APACHE SOFTWARE FOUNDATION OR ITS CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, + INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, + BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS + OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON + ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT + (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF + THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. + + + + This software consists of voluntary contributions made by many individuals + on behalf of the Apache Software Foundation and was originally created by + James Tauber <jtauber@jtauber.com>. For more information on the Apache + Software Foundation, please see http://www.apache.org/ + + (http://www.apache.org/) + . + + + + Content + + + + + + + + +A) + + + +What is FOP? + + + + + + + +B) + + + +Downloading FOP + + + + + + + +C) + + + +Running FOP + + + + + + + +D) + + + +Embedding FOP + + + + + + + +E) + + + +What's Implemented? + + + + + + + +F) + + + +Limitations + + + + + + + +G) + + + +Bugs + + + + + + + +H) + + + +Compiling FOP + + + + + + + +I) + + + +Getting involved + + + + + + + +J) + + + +FOP Relevant Specifications + + + + + + + +K) + + + +Licence + + + + + + + + + + + + + diff --git a/examples/fo/basic/readme.fo b/examples/fo/basic/readme.fo new file mode 100644 index 000000000..0b290de9a --- /dev/null +++ b/examples/fo/basic/readme.fo @@ -0,0 +1,1341 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +This is not the latest Fop documentation, but just an fo example. FOP - p. + + + + + +FOP: An Open-Source XSL Formatter and Renderer +A) + What is FOP? + FOP is the world's first print formatter driven by XSL formatting + objects. It is a Java 1.1 application that reads a formatting object + tree and then turns it into a PDF document. The formatting object + tree, can be in the form of an XML document (output by an XSLT engine + like XT or Xalan) or can be passed in memory as a DOM Document or (in + the case of XT) SAX events. + + + FOP is part of Apache's XML project. The homepage of FOP is + http://xml.apache.org/fop + + + + + B) + Downloading FOP + The latest release version is FOP +0.14 + () + . + NOTE: you do not have to unjar or unzip this jar file. + Documentation can be downloaded here as HMTL file + + () + or + as PDF file + + () + . + To run FOP from the command line, see Running FOP. If you are interested in + embedding FOP in a Java application of your own, see Embedding FOP. + + You can also download the source code v. 0.14 + + () + as jar file + + + + + + C) + Running FOP + + 1) Prerequisites + Following software must be installed: + a) Java 1.1.x or later + For the fo-file viewer mode of FOP (see below) you must have the swing classes installed. + From Java 1.2 on (aka Java 2) they are part of the standard java distribution. + If you use Java 1.1.x you must seperately include the swing classes, which can + be found at the + Sun website + + (http://java.sun.com/products/jfc/#download-swing) + . + + b) An XML parser which supports SAX and DOM like + Xerces-J + + (http://xml.apache.org/xerces-j/index.html) + . + c) If you have to produce the flow objects files, which are the input for FOP, + you need a transformation utility to create this files from your xml files. + Normally this is an XSLT stylesheet processor like + XT + + (http://www.jclark.com/xml/xt.html) + + or XALAN + + (http://xml.apache.org/xalan/index.html) + . + + + + 2) Starting FOP as an standalone application + There are three ways to run FOP from the command line. + a) Batch processing formatting objects (fo) files: + java org.apache.fop.apps.CommandLine fo-file pdf-file + b) Batch processing xml files (includes production of the fo-files): + java org.apache.fop.apps.CommandLine xml-file xsl-file pdf-file + c) Previewing the fo-file: + java org.apache.fop.apps.AWTCommandLine fo-file + Each method uses next to the fop classes other packages. The following describes + each method in detail. + + a) Method One + One is to first use an XSLT engine to produce the formatting object tree as an + XML document and then running the class org.apache.fop.apps.CommandLine with the + formatting object file name and PDF filename as arguments. You will need to include + FOP and your XML Parser in your classpath and so you might invoke + + java -cp fop_x_xx_x.jar;xerces.jar + org.apache.fop.apps.CommandLine fo-file pdf-file + If your SAX Parser is other than Xerces, you will need to set the property + org.xml.sax.parser to the SAX Parser class to use. The following example shows + the command line, if you use XP, the XML parser from James Clark: + + java -Dorg.xml.sax.parser=com.jclark.xml.sax.Driver + -cp fop_x_xx_x.jar;sax.jar;xt.jar;xp.jar;xerces.jar + org.apache.fop.apps.AWTCommandLine formatting-tree-file pdf-file + (You have to include xerces.jar or another xml parser which supports DOM in your classpath.) + + + b) Method Two + Rather than performing transformation with an XSLT before invoking FOP, it is + possible, if you use XT as your XSLT engine, to just call FOP and have it call + XT for you. To do this, run the class org.apache.fop.apps.CommandLine with the + source XML file name, XSL file name and PDF file name as arguments. You will + need to include FOP, SAX, your SAX Parser and XT in your classpath and so you might + invoke + + java -Dorg.xml.sax.parser=com.jclark.xml.sax.Driver + -cp fop_x_xx_x.jar;xt.jar;xerces.jar + org.apache.fop.apps.CommandLine xml-file xsl-file pdf-file + Again, if your SAX Parser is other than Xerces, you will need to set the property + org.xml.sax.parser to the SAX Parser class to use. + + + + c) Method Three + If you already produced the FO file, you can preview the results of your + transformation without using any pdf viewer by invoking FOP with the viewer + application. You will need to include FOP and your XML Parser in your classpath + + java -cp fop_x_xx_x.jar;xerces.jar + org.apache.fop.apps.AWTCommandLine fo-file + The viewer uses the swing classes. + Note: If you are using java 2 or later (i.e. jdk 1.2. or later) you can put all + needed jar files into the subdirectory jdk1.2.x\jre\lib\ext (windows example). Then + FOP can be started without classpath: + + java org.apache.fop.apps.CommandLine fo-file pdf-file + + + + 3) Running FOP on MacOS + + Ensure that you have a recent MRJ, and that you have downloaded and + unpacked the XP and SAX distributions. The xp.jar and sax.jar files work + as is on MacOS. + + Drag the FOP jarfile onto the JBindery icon. When the first dialog + appears, type "org.apache.fop.apps.CommandLine" in the "Class name" field. + Using UNIX syntax, type the names of the input formatting-object file and + the output PDF in the "Optional parameters" field. + + Click on the Classpath icon. To add the xp.jar and sax.jar files, click + the "Add .zip file" button, navigate to the file in question, and click + Open. + + Once both are added (the FOP jarfile will already be in the list), click + Run. A "stdout" window will appear and display FOP runtime messages. + + + + 4) Problems + If you have problems running FOP, please have a look at the + FOP FAQ + + (faq.html) + . If you don't find a solution there, + you can ask for help on the list fop-dev@xml.apache.org. Maybe it's bug and + maybe somebody is already working on it. + + + + + + D) + Embedding FOP + Instantiate org.apache.fop.apps.Driver. Once this class is + instantiated, methods are called to set the + Renderer to use, the (possibly multiple) ElementMapping(s) to + use and the PrintWriter to use to output the results of the + rendering (where applicable). In the case of the Renderer and + ElementMapping(s), the Driver may be supplied either with the + object itself, or the name of the class, in which case Driver will + instantiate the class itself. The advantage of the latter is it + enables runtime determination of Renderer and ElementMapping(s). + + Once the Driver is set up, the buildFOTree method + is called. Depending on whether DOM or SAX is being used, the + invocation of the method is either buildFOTree(Document) or + buildFOTree(Parser, InputSource) respectively. + + A third possibility may be used to build the FO Tree, namely + calling getDocumentHandler() and firing the SAX events yourself. + + Once the FO Tree is built, the format() and render() methods may be + called in that order. + + Here is an example use of Driver from CommandLine.java: + Driver driver = new Driver(); + driver.setRenderer("org.apache.fop.render.pdf.PDFRenderer", version); + driver.addElementMapping("org.apache.fop.fo.StandardElementMapping"); + driver.addElementMapping("org.apache.fop.svg.SVGElementMapping"); + driver.setWriter(new PrintWriter(new FileWriter(args[1]))); + driver.buildFOTree(parser, fileInputSource(args[0])); + driver.format(); + driver.render(); + + + + + + + E) + What's Implemented? + Also see STATUS for what is being worked on. + + 1) Formatting Objects + + + +• + + +root + + + + +• + + +layout-master-set + + + + +• + + +simple-page-master + + + + +• + + +region-body + + + + +• + + +region-before + + + + +• + + +region-after + + + + +• + + +page-sequence + + + + +• + + +sequence-specification + + + + +• + + +sequence-specifier-single + + + + +• + + +sequence-specifier-repeating + + + + +• + + +sequence-specifier-alternating + + + + +• + + +flow + + + + +• + + +static-content + + + + +• + + +block + + + + +• + + +list-block + + + + +• + + +list-item + + + + +• + + +list-item-label + + + + +• + + +list-item-body + + + + +• + + +page-number + + + + +• + + +display-sequence + + + + +• + + +inline + + + + +• + + +display-rule + + + + +• + + +display-graphic + + + + +• + + +table (minimal support) + + + + +• + + +table-column (minimal support) + + + + +• + + +table-body (minimal support) + + + + +• + + +table-row (minimal support) + + + + +• + + +table-cell (minimal support) + + + + + + + 2) Properties + + + +• + + +end-indent + + + + +• + + +page-master-name + + + + +• + + +page-master-first + + + + +• + + +page-master-repeating + + + + +• + + +page-master-odd + + + + +• + + +page-master-even + + + + +• + + +margin-top (only on pages and regions) + + + + +• + + +margin-bottom (only on pages and regions) + + + + +• + + +margin-left (only on pages and regions) + + + + +• + + +margin-right (only on pages and regions) + + + + +• + + +extent + + + + +• + + +page-width + + + + +• + + +page-height + + + + +• + + +flow-name + + + + +• + + +font-family + + + + +• + + +font-style + + + + +• + + +font-weight + + + + +• + + +font-size + + + + +• + + +line-height + + + + +• + + +text-align + + + + +• + + +text-align-last + + + + +• + + +space-before.optimum + + + + +• + + +space-after.optimum + + + + +• + + +start-indent + + + + +• + + +end-indent + + + + +• + + +provisional-distance-between-starts + + + + +• + + +provisional-label-separation + + + + +• + + +rule-thickness + + + + +• + + +color + + + + +• + + +wrap-option + + + + +• + + +white-space-treatment + + + + +• + + +break-before + + + + +• + + +break-after + + + + +• + + +text-indent + + + + +• + + +href + + + + +• + + +column-width + + + + +• + + +background-color + + + + +• + + +padding-top (only in conjunction with background color) + + + + +• + + +padding-left (only in conjunction with background color) + + + + +• + + +padding-bottom (only in conjunction with background color) + + + + +• + + +padding-right (only in conjunction with background color) + + + + + + + + + + F) + Limitations + Although FOP implements the above listed fo objects and properties, sometimes it does so + only in a limited way. + + + list-block + The fo working draft allows describes two ways to markup lists.The list-block must have as + children either: 1) pairs of fo:list-item-label and fo:list-item-body formatting objects, or + 2) fo:list-item formatting objects. + At the moment FOP only implements the second way. Therefore a list has a basic structure like this: + <fo:list-block> + <fo:list-item> + <fo:list-item-label><fo:block></fo:block></fo:list-item-label> + <fo:list-item-body><fo:block></fo:block></fo:list-item-body> + </fo:list-item> + </fo:list-block> + + + Padding + Padding works in conjunction with indents and spaces. It is only implemented + for blocks. At the moment padding can't be used to make extra space (indents+spaces + must be used), but only to control how much the background-color extends beyond + the content rectangle. + + + + Tables + There two limitations for tables: 1) FOP needs you to explicitly specify column widths + 2) Cells have to contain block-level FOs. They can't contain straight character data. + + A working basic example of a table looks like this: + <fo:table> + <fo:table-column column-width="150pt"/> + <fo:table-column column-width="150pt"/> + <fo:table-body font-size="10pt" font-family="sans-serif"> + <fo:table-row> + <fo:table-cell> + <fo:block>text</fo:block> + </fo:table-cell> + <fo:table-cell> + <fo:block>text</fo:block> + </fo:table-cell> + </fo:table-row> + <fo:table-row> + <fo:table-cell> + <fo:block>text</fo:block> + </fo:table-cell> + <fo:table-cell> + <fo:block>text</fo:block> + </fo:table-cell> + </fo:table-row> + <fo:table-row> + <fo:table-cell> + <fo:block>text</fo:block> + </fo:table-cell> + <fo:table-cell> + <fo:block>text</fo:block> + </fo:table-cell> + </fo:table-row> + </fo:table-body> + </fo:table> + + + + + + + + + + + + G) + Bugs + see STATUS file + + + + + + + H) + Compiling FOP + + 1. Prerequisites + + a) Java 1.1.x or later + If you use Java 1.1.x you must also seperately include the swing classes, which can + be found at the + Sun website + + (http://java.sun.com/products/jfc/#download-swing) + . From Java 1.2 on (aka Java 2) they are part of the standard + distribution. + + + + b) An XML parser + An XML parser which supports DOM like + Xerces-J + + (http://xml.apache.org/xerces-j/index.html) + . + + + c) XT from James Clark + Some of the Java source code in FOP is generated from XML using + XSLT. XT must be used to generate this code. + XT is an XSL stylesheet processor written in java. At the moment you + can't use any other processor, because the make file makes use of some + proprietary features of Clark's xt which allow to write output in more + then one document. You can find XT at + James Clark's website + + (http://www.jclark.com/xml/xt.html) + . You have to use XT version 19991105 or later. + (Under windows you shouldn't use the prepackaged xt.exe but also the + generic jar file, otherwise make won't work) + + XT relies on an sax parser like XP (also J. Clark), which can be + downloaded at James + Clark's Website + + (http://www.jclark.com/xml/xp/index.html) + + + + + d) make + Under windows it has been reported that the use of the cygnus solutions port + of the GNU utilities works. You can find it at + Cygnus Solutions + + (http://sourceware.cygnus.com/cygwin/) + + + + + + Compiling FOP on MacOS + + We strongly recommend the use of Codewarrior Java. This Readme will + contain a link to more information in the near future. + + + + + + + + + I) + Getting involved + 1. Subscribe to fop-dev@xml.apache.org by sending an email + to fop-dev-subscribe@xml.apache.org + 2. Read the archives to fop-dev to get an idea of the issues being + discussed. + 3. Subscribe to fop-cvs@xml.apache.org by sending an email to + fop-cvs-subscribe@xml.apache.org (it is important + that you follow changes being made). + 4. Try :-) to wrap your head around the XSL working draft. + 5. Get CVS working on your system. + 6. Ask, on fop-dev, any questions you have at all about the code, design, etc. + 7. When you feel comfortable modifying the code, send diffs to + fop-dev with your contributions. + 8. Have fun! + + + + + + + J) + FOP Relevant Specifications + + + +• + + + +XML Recommendation + + (http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml) + + + + + + +• + + + +XSL-FO Working Draft + + (http://www.w3.org/TR/WD-xsl/) + + + + + + +• + + + +XSLT Recommendation + + (http://www.w3.org/TR/xslt) + + + + + + +• + + + +PDF Documentation + + (http://partners.adobe.com/asn/developer/acrosdk/DOCS/pdfspec.pdf) + + + + + + +• + + + +Simple API for XML (SAX) + + (http://www.megginson.com/SAX/) + + + + + + +• + + + +Document Object Model (DOM) + + (http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-DOM-Level-1) + + + + + + +• + + + +Namespaces in XML Recommendation + + (http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml-names/) + + + + + + +• + + + +Java JDK 1.1 Documentation + + (http://java.sun.com/products/jdk/1.1/docs/index.html) + + + + + + + + + + + + K) + Licence + ================================================================== + The Apache Software License, Version 1.1 + ================================================================== + Copyright (C) 1999 The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved. + Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, + are permitted provided that the following conditions are met: + 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, + this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. + + + 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, + this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation + and/or other materials provided with the distribution. + + + 3. The end-user documentation included with the redistribution, if any, must + include the following acknowledgment: "This product includes software + developed by the Apache Software Foundation (http://www.apache.org/)." + Alternately, this acknowledgment may appear in the software itself, if + and wherever such third-party acknowledgments normally appear. + + + 4. The names "FOP" and "Apache Software Foundation" must not be used to + endorse or promote products derived from this software without prior + written permission. For written permission, please contact + apache@apache.org. + + + 5. Products derived from this software may not be called "Apache", nor may + "Apache" appear in their name, without prior written permission of the + Apache Software Foundation. + + THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, + INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND + FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE + APACHE SOFTWARE FOUNDATION OR ITS CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, + INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, + BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS + OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON + ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT + (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF + THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. + + + + This software consists of voluntary contributions made by many individuals + on behalf of the Apache Software Foundation and was originally created by + James Tauber <jtauber@jtauber.com>. For more information on the Apache + Software Foundation, please see http://www.apache.org/ + + (http://www.apache.org/) + . + + + + Content + + + + + + + + +A) + + + +What is FOP? + + + + + + + +B) + + + +Downloading FOP + + + + + + + +C) + + + +Running FOP + + + + + + + +D) + + + +Embedding FOP + + + + + + + +E) + + + +What's Implemented? + + + + + + + +F) + + + +Limitations + + + + + + + +G) + + + +Bugs + + + + + + + +H) + + + +Compiling FOP + + + + + + + +I) + + + +Getting involved + + + + + + + +J) + + + +FOP Relevant Specifications + + + + + + + +K) + + + +Licence + + + + + + + + + + + + + diff --git a/examples/fo/basic/simple.fo b/examples/fo/basic/simple.fo new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a9c06ce9f --- /dev/null +++ b/examples/fo/basic/simple.fo @@ -0,0 +1,99 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Extensible Markup Language (XML) 1.0 + + + + + + The Extensible Markup Language (XML) is a subset of SGML that is completely described in this document. Its goal is to + enable generic SGML to be served, received, and processed on the Web in the way that is now possible with HTML. XML + has been designed for ease of implementation and for interoperability with both SGML and HTML. + + + + + The Extensible Markup Language (XML) is a subset of SGML that is completely described in this document. Its goal is to + enable generic SGML to be served, received, and processed on the Web in the way that is now possible with HTML. XML + has been designed for ease of implementation and for interoperability with both SGML and HTML. + + + + + diff --git a/examples/fo/basic/table.fo b/examples/fo/basic/table.fo new file mode 100644 index 000000000..99a7f1d27 --- /dev/null +++ b/examples/fo/basic/table.fo @@ -0,0 +1,504 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + How to use table elements + + + + + A simple table, 3 columns, 4 rows + + + + this is normal text. this is normal text. this is normal text. + this is normal text. this is normal text. this is normal text. + + + + + + + + + + good + bad + ugly + + + nice + dice + vice + + + literature + music + art + + + java + perl + python + + + + + + + this is normal text. this is normal text. this is normal text. + this is normal text. this is normal text. this is normal text. + + + + + + + A table with borders + + + + + this is normal text. this is normal text. this is normal text. + this is normal text. this is normal text. this is normal text. + + + + + + + + + + + good + bad + ugly + + + nice + dice + vice + + + literature + music + art + + + java + perl + python + + + + + + + this is normal text. this is normal text. this is normal text. + this is normal text. this is normal text. this is normal text. + + + + + + + + A table with thick borders + + + + + this is normal text. this is normal text. this is normal text. + this is normal text. this is normal text. this is normal text. + + + + + + + + + + + good + bad + ugly + + + nice + dice + vice + + + literature + music + art + + + java + perl + python + + + + + + + this is normal text. this is normal text. this is normal text. + this is normal text. this is normal text. this is normal text. + + + + + + + + A table with borders around the cells + + + + + this is normal text. this is normal text. this is normal text. + this is normal text. this is normal text. this is normal text. + + + + + + + + + + + good + bad + ugly + + + nice + dice + vice + + + literature + music + art + + + java + perl + python + + + + + + + this is normal text. this is normal text. this is normal text. + this is normal text. this is normal text. this is normal text. + + + + + + + 2 tables with thick borders around the cells + + + + + this is normal text. this is normal text. this is normal text. + this is normal text. this is normal text. this is normal text. + + + + + + + + + + + good + bad + ugly + + + nice + dice + vice + + + literature + music + art + + + java + perl + python + + + + + + + this is normal text. this is normal text. this is normal text. + this is normal text. this is normal text. this is normal text. + + + + + + + + + + good + bad + ugly + + + nice + dice + vice + + + literature + music + art + + + java + perl + python + + + + + + + this is normal text. this is normal text. this is normal text. + this is normal text. this is normal text. this is normal text. + + + + + + + 5 tables with borders + + + + + this is normal text. this is normal text. this is normal text. + this is normal text. this is normal text. this is normal text. + + + + + + + + bad + + + + + + + + + + bad + + + + + + + + + + bad + + + + + + + + + bad + + + + + + this is normal text. this is normal text. this is normal text. + this is normal text. this is normal text. this is normal text. + + + + + + A Contents table + + + + + + + + + + A) + + + What is FOP? + + + + + B) + + + Downloading FOP + + + + + C) + + + Running FOP + + + + + D) + + + Embedding FOP + + + + + E) + + + What's Implemented? + + + + + F) + + + Limitations + + + + + G) + + + Bugs + + + + + H) + + + Compiling FOP + + + + + I) + + + Getting involved + + + + + J) + + + FOP Relevant Specifications + + + + + K) + + + Licence + + + + + + + diff --git a/examples/fo/basic/tableunits.fo b/examples/fo/basic/tableunits.fo new file mode 100644 index 000000000..97f91ac95 --- /dev/null +++ b/examples/fo/basic/tableunits.fo @@ -0,0 +1,229 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Table unit tests + + + + + + + fixed width columns + Centered + Bottom aligned + + + + + + + + + + + Some text to make this cell +deeper than the others to check out the alignment properties. + Centered + Bottom aligned + + + default alignment + + Centered with height=3cm + Bottom aligned + + + default alignment but with a height +of 3cm on the row + Centered + Bottom aligned + + + + +The next table has width=100% on the table no column widths specified on the table-column element. + + + + + + + + + Some text to make this cell +deeper than the others to check out the alignment properties. + Centered + Bottom aligned + + + + + +The next table has fixed column widths=13cm, ipd.optimum=12cm and ipd.max = 100%. + + + + + + + + + Some text to make this cell +deeper than the others to check out the alignment properties. + Centered + Bottom aligned + + + + + +The next table has fixed column widths=12.5cm, ipd.optimum=14cm and ipd.max = 100% (16cm). + + + + + + + + + Some text to make this cell +deeper than the others to check out the alignment properties. + Centered + Bottom aligned + + + + + +The next table has width="70% + 1cm" and fixed lengths and the first table-column +has column-width="from-parent('width') div 3". + + + + + + + + + Some text to make this cell +deeper than the others to check out the alignment properties. + Centered + Bottom aligned + + + + + +The next table specifies inline-progression-dimension="15cm" instead of width. The +middle column has a fixed width; the other two have default width. + + + + + + + + + Some text to make this cell +deeper than the others to check out the alignment properties. + Centered + Bottom aligned + + + + + + + + + +The next table specifies inline-progression-dimenion.minimum="10cm" and +specifies a column width of 5cm on the middle column only.. + + + + + + + + + Some text to make this cell +deeper than the others to check out the alignment properties. + Centered + Bottom aligned + + + + + +The next table specifies inline-progression-dimenion.minimum="10cm", +inline-progression-dimension.maximum="16cm and +specifies a column width of 5cm on the middle column only.. + + + + + + + + + Some text to make this cell +deeper than the others to check out the alignment properties. + Centered + Bottom aligned + + + + + + + + diff --git a/examples/fo/basic/textdeko.fo b/examples/fo/basic/textdeko.fo new file mode 100644 index 000000000..407f3dfd1 --- /dev/null +++ b/examples/fo/basic/textdeko.fo @@ -0,0 +1,290 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Simple example for text-decoration + + + + The "text-decoration"-property describes decorations that are added to the text of an element. + If the property is specified for a block-level element, it should affect all inline-level descendants + of the element. + If it is specified for (or affects) an inline-level + element, it affects all boxes generated by the element. + + + + Example: underline + + + + underline]]> + + + + This is simple test of the text-decoration 'underline'. + + + This is simple test with a bigger font-size. + + + This is simple test with a monospaced font. + + + + + The following text decorations are defined in the REC: + + + + + + + • + + + + none + + + + + + + • + + + + underline + + + + + + + • + + + + overline + + + + + + + • + + + + line-through + + + + + + + • + + + + blink + + + + + + + • + + + + no-underline + + + + + + + • + + + + no-overline + + + + + + + • + + + + no-line-through + + + + + + + • + + + + no-blink + + + + + + + + + + And now more than a word... + + + + + This is a whole block wrapped in fo:inline with the property text-decoration="underline". + Some more Text to get at least two lines. + + + + + This is simple test with a bigger font-size. + + + This is simple test with a monospaced font. + + + + What about underlining of whitespace only ? + + + + A whole block should work now. + And again some more text to get at least two lines. + + + + + + + Let's see if all inline-areas are affected ... + + + + + + + + This is a workaround for + + the combination of + different text-decoration values... + + + + + + + Enter your name here: + _        +               +               + + + The following blocks demonstrate the letter-spacing attribute: + This block does not use any letter-spacing. + This block uses a letter-spacing of 1mm. + This block uses an fo:inline element to demonstrate letter-spacing. + + + + diff --git a/examples/fo/build.xml b/examples/fo/build.xml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..9f5f5ae90 --- /dev/null +++ b/examples/fo/build.xml @@ -0,0 +1,120 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + diff --git a/examples/fo/footnotes/columns.fo b/examples/fo/footnotes/columns.fo new file mode 100644 index 000000000..feed886b5 --- /dev/null +++ b/examples/fo/footnotes/columns.fo @@ -0,0 +1,249 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Footnotes in Columns + + + + Page # + + + + +What shall we use to fill the empty spaces, +Where we used to talk? +How shall I fill the final places? +How shall I complete the wall? +What shall we use to fill the empty spaces, +Where we used to talk? +How shall I fill the final places? +How shall I complete the wall? +What shall we use to fill the empty spaces, +Where we used to talk? +How shall I fill the final places? +How shall I complete the wall? +What shall we use to fill the empty spaces, +Where we used to talk? +How shall I fill the final places? +How shall I complete the wall? +What shall we use to fill the empty spaces, +Where we used to talk? +How shall I fill the final places? +How shall I complete the wall? +What shall we use to fill the empty spaces, +Where we used to talk? +How shall I fill the final places? +How shall I complete the wall? +What shall we use to fill the empty spaces, +Where we used to talk? +How shall I fill the final places? +How shall I complete the wall? + + + The + footnote1 + + + 1. A footnote is text placed at the bottom of the current page. + + + + at the bottom of the page. + + +What shall we use to fill the empty spaces, +Where we used to talk? +How shall I fill the final places? +How shall I complete the wall? +What shall we use to fill the empty spaces, +Where we used to talk? +How shall I fill the final places? +How shall I complete the wall? +What shall we use to fill the empty spaces, +Where we used to talk? +How shall I fill the final places? +How shall I complete the wall? +What shall we use to fill the empty spaces, +Where we used to talk? +How shall I fill the final places? +How shall I complete the wall? +What shall we use to fill the empty spaces, +Where we used to talk? +How shall I fill the final places? +How shall I complete the wall? +What shall we use to fill the empty spaces, +Where we used to talk? +How shall I fill the final places? +How shall I complete the wall? +What shall we use to fill the empty spaces, +Where we used to talk? +How shall I fill the final places? +How shall I complete the wall? + + + The + second footnote2 + + + 2. Another footnote with a bit more text. + + + + at the bottom of the page after the other footnote. + + + + + + + + Footnotes in Columns + + + + Page # + + + + +What shall we use to fill the empty spaces, +Where we used to talk? +How shall I fill the final places? +How shall I complete the wall? +What shall we use to fill the empty spaces, +Where we used to talk? +How shall I fill the final places? +How shall I complete the wall? +What shall we use to fill the empty spaces, +Where we used to talk? +How shall I fill the final places? +How shall I complete the wall? +What shall we use to fill the empty spaces, +Where we used to talk? +How shall I fill the final places? +How shall I complete the wall? +What shall we use to fill the empty spaces, +Where we used to talk? +How shall I fill the final places? +How shall I complete the wall? +What shall we use to fill the empty spaces, +Where we used to talk? +How shall I fill the final places? +How shall I complete the wall? +What shall we use to fill the empty spaces, +Where we used to talk? +How shall I fill the final places? +How shall I complete the wall? + + + The + footnote1 + + + 1. A footnote is text placed at the bottom of the current page. + + + + at the bottom of the page. + + +What shall we use to fill the empty spaces, +Where we used to talk? +How shall I fill the final places? +How shall I complete the wall? +What shall we use to fill the empty spaces, +Where we used to talk? +How shall I fill the final places? +How shall I complete the wall? +What shall we use to fill the empty spaces, +Where we used to talk? +How shall I fill the final places? +How shall I complete the wall? +What shall we use to fill the empty spaces, +Where we used to talk? +How shall I fill the final places? +How shall I complete the wall? +What shall we use to fill the empty spaces, +Where we used to talk? +How shall I fill the final places? +How shall I complete the wall? +What shall we use to fill the empty spaces, +Where we used to talk? +How shall I fill the final places? +How shall I complete the wall? +What shall we use to fill the empty spaces, +Where we used to talk? +How shall I fill the final places? +How shall I complete the wall? + + + The + second footnote2 + + + 2. Another footnote with a bit more text. + + + + at the bottom of the page after the other footnote. + + + + + diff --git a/examples/fo/footnotes/simple.fo b/examples/fo/footnotes/simple.fo new file mode 100644 index 000000000..0245a2cbe --- /dev/null +++ b/examples/fo/footnotes/simple.fo @@ -0,0 +1,115 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Footnotes + + + + The + footnote1 + + + 1. A footnote is text placed at the bottom of the current or the next page. + + + + at the bottom of the page. + + + The + second footnote2 + + + 2. Another footnote with a bit more text. + + + + at the bottom of the page after the other footnote. + + +This text is used to show the body region area. +This text is used to show the body region area. +This text is used to show the body region area. +This text is used to show the body region area. +This text is used to show the body region area. +This text is used to show the body region area. +This text is used to show the body region area. +This text is used to show the body region area. +This text is used to show the body region area. +This text is used to show the body region area. +This text is used to show the body region area. +This text is used to show the body region area. +This text is used to show the body region area. +This text is used to show the body region area. +This text is used to show the body region area. +This text is used to show the body region area. +This text is used to show the body region area. +This text is used to show the body region area. +This text is used to show the body region area. +This text is used to show the body region area. +This text is used to show the body region area. + + + + This is for testing if a footnote cannot fit with the footnote + reference text. + + +Some filler text with no other purpose. +Some filler text with no other purpose. +Some filler text with no other purpose. +Some filler text with no other purpose. +Some filler text with no other purpose. +Some filler text with no other purpose. +Some filler text with no other purpose. +Some filler text with no other purpose. + + + This + footnote + + + A footnote with too much text to fit on the same page as the reference. 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zNU<{6u7#cW0gxpzc#c;gIW8<>rzX633J2MBQ{7=j)(ky9s&X;6QlV06e2AJVC8MwM z>mBj~2yM*t($44{hPhyO-;NJw)Yks#$0O0D8sS&(Gafb|j#sac<2}CwnWq)&=TdzB z=sHq#{BWCpa>5MN1qGR3$np*;KdW*wK9$X}tCUmwW2P~d{`%~Z#jW&$RA6f+Hd(J( zJ&kiu#g@u^#}qObGR;q;@KN}|fI#|Z4fGLpt;s{-p_|&{duJ9?c?0>)Uge0B%4WVf z^z5P9l4h6IA42cH^F`m>3kfj<^6^3qCZ#HZfOo&$g4o8vxZX%4jUmw>@gy~$S)FDdRBI@Z z8&c<-_w=6q+Hm%p66Xw;rajE2>=4J?yrv>VQ{Eiu(BmflhdSBgP(gl3bMd>T!#oF7 zZ8QHuv--7t>0I+ho0f_+ibBv*#crw2%P8t?Y0Pdp^}4CfrFAc%wXuX$o7bAQ-)6_- j*7I|%9WHI1A#L4)wu^afJ+*DUy=^Cp5eUoQYR!KE1gm4= literal 0 HcmV?d00001 diff --git a/examples/fo/keeps_and_breaks/columnlevel1.fo b/examples/fo/keeps_and_breaks/columnlevel1.fo new file mode 100644 index 000000000..bda51efe2 --- /dev/null +++ b/examples/fo/keeps_and_breaks/columnlevel1.fo @@ -0,0 +1,289 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Text excerpt from XSL Candidate Recommendation, 21 Nov 2000. + + + + + +Keep and break conditions apply to a class of areas, which are typically +page-reference-areas, column-areas, and line-areas. The appropriate class +for a given condition is referred to as a context and an area in this +class is a context-area. As defined in Section 6.4.1, page-reference-areas +are areas generated by an fo:page-sequence using the specifications in a +fo:page-master, and column-areas are normal-flow-reference-areas generated +from a region-body, or region-reference-areas generated from other types +of region-master. + + + +A keep or break condition is an open statement about a formatting object +and the tree relationships of the areas it generates with the relevant +context-areas. These tree relationships are defined mainly in terms of +leading or trailing areas. If A is a descendant of P, then A is defined +to be leading in P if A has no preceding sibling which is a normal area, +nor does any of its ancestor areas up to but not including P. Similarly, +A is defined to be trailing in P if A has no following sibling which is +a normal area, nor does any of its ancestor areas up to but not including P. +For any given formatting object, the next formatting object in the flow is +the first formatting object following (in the pre-order traversal order) +which generates and returns normal areas. + + + +Break conditions are either break-before or break-before conditions. +A break-before condition is satisfied if the first area generated and +returned by the formatting object is leading within a context-area. A +break-before condition depends on the next formatting object in the flow; +it is satisfied if either there is no such next formatting object, or +if the first normal area generated and returned by that formatting +object is leading in a context-area. + + + +This is a block with a break-before="column" + break condition. This condition is satisfied if the +first normal area generated by this FO is leading in a column context. + + + +Break conditions are imposed by the break-before and break-before +properties. A refined value of page for these traits imposes a break +condition with a context consisting of the page-reference-areas; a +value of even-page or odd-page imposes a break condition with a +context of even-numbered page-reference-areas or odd-numbered page +reference-areas, respectively; a value of column imposes a break +condition with a context of column-areas. A value of auto in a +break-before or break-before trait imposes no break condition. + + + +Keep conditions are either keep-with-previous, keep-with-next, or +keep-together conditions. A keep-with-previous condition on an +object is satisfied if the first area generated and returned by +the formatting object is not leading within a context-area, or +if there are no preceding areas in a post-order traversal of the +area tree. A keep-with-next condition is satisfied if the last +area generated and returned by the formatting object is not +trailing within a context-area, or if there are no following +areas in a pre-order traversal of the area tree. A keep-together +condition is satisfied if all areas generated and returned by +the formatting object are descendants of a single context-area. + + + +This is a block with a break-before="column" + break condition. This condition is satisfied if the +first normal area generated by this FO is leading in a column context. + + + +Keep conditions are imposed by the "within-page", "within-column", +and "within-line" components of the "keep-with-previous", +"keep-with-next", and "keep-together" properties. The refined value +of each component specifies the strength of the keep condition +imposed, with higher numbers being stronger than lower numbers and +the value always being stronger than all numeric values. A component +with value auto does not impose a keep condition. A "within-page" +component imposes a keep-condition with context consisting of the +page-reference-areas; "within-column", with context consisting of +the column-areas; and "within-line" with context consisting of the +line-areas. + + + +The area tree is constrained to satisfy all break conditions imposed. +Each keep condition must also be satisfied, except when this would +cause a break condition or a stronger keep condition to fail to be +satisfied. If not all of a set of keep conditions of equal strength +can be satisfied, then some maximal satisfiable subset of conditions +of that strength must be satisfied (together with all break conditions +and maximal subsets of stronger keep conditions, if any). + + + + + + + +Keep and break conditions apply to a class of areas, which are typically +page-reference-areas, column-areas, and line-areas. The appropriate class +for a given condition is referred to as a context and an area in this +class is a context-area. As defined in Section 6.4.1, page-reference-areas +are areas generated by an fo:page-sequence using the specifications in a +fo:page-master, and column-areas are normal-flow-reference-areas generated +from a region-body, or region-reference-areas generated from other types +of region-master. + + + +A keep or break condition is an open statement about a formatting object +and the tree relationships of the areas it generates with the relevant +context-areas. These tree relationships are defined mainly in terms of +leading or trailing areas. If A is a descendant of P, then A is defined +to be leading in P if A has no preceding sibling which is a normal area, +nor does any of its ancestor areas up to but not including P. Similarly, +A is defined to be trailing in P if A has no following sibling which is +a normal area, nor does any of its ancestor areas up to but not including P. +For any given formatting object, the next formatting object in the flow is +the first formatting object following (in the pre-order traversal order) +which generates and returns normal areas. + + + +This is a block with a break-after="column" + break condition. This condition is satisfied if there is +no next formatting object, or the +first normal area generated by the next FO is leading in a column +context. + + + +Break conditions are either break-before or break-before conditions. +A break-before condition is satisfied if the first area generated and +returned by the formatting object is leading within a context-area. A +break-before condition depends on the next formatting object in the flow; +it is satisfied if either there is no such next formatting object, or +if the first normal area generated and returned by that formatting +object is leading in a context-area. + + + +Break conditions are imposed by the break-before and break-before +properties. A refined value of page for these traits imposes a break +condition with a context consisting of the page-reference-areas; a +value of even-page or odd-page imposes a break condition with a +context of even-numbered page-reference-areas or odd-numbered page +reference-areas, respectively; a value of column imposes a break +condition with a context of column-areas. A value of auto in a +break-before or break-before trait imposes no break condition. + + + +Keep conditions are either keep-with-previous, keep-with-next, or +keep-together conditions. A keep-with-previous condition on an +object is satisfied if the first area generated and returned by +the formatting object is not leading within a context-area, or +if there are no preceding areas in a post-order traversal of the +area tree. A keep-with-next condition is satisfied if the last +area generated and returned by the formatting object is not +trailing within a context-area, or if there are no following +areas in a pre-order traversal of the area tree. A keep-together +condition is satisfied if all areas generated and returned by +the formatting object are descendants of a single context-area. + + + +Keep conditions are imposed by the "within-page", "within-column", +and "within-line" components of the "keep-with-previous", +"keep-with-next", and "keep-together" properties. The refined value +of each component specifies the strength of the keep condition +imposed, with higher numbers being stronger than lower numbers and +the value always being stronger than all numeric values. A component +with value auto does not impose a keep condition. A "within-page" +component imposes a keep-condition with context consisting of the +page-reference-areas; "within-column", with context consisting of +the column-areas; and "within-line" with context consisting of the +line-areas. + + + +This is a block with a break-after="column" + break condition. This condition is satisfied if there is +no next formatting object, or the +first normal area generated by the next FO is leading in a column context. + + + +The area tree is constrained to satisfy all break conditions imposed. +Each keep condition must also be satisfied, except when this would +cause a break condition or a stronger keep condition to fail to be +satisfied. If not all of a set of keep conditions of equal strength +can be satisfied, then some maximal satisfiable subset of conditions +of that strength must be satisfied (together with all break conditions +and maximal subsets of stronger keep conditions, if any). + + + + + + diff --git a/examples/fo/keeps_and_breaks/pagelevel1.fo b/examples/fo/keeps_and_breaks/pagelevel1.fo new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c5ebfa177 --- /dev/null +++ b/examples/fo/keeps_and_breaks/pagelevel1.fo @@ -0,0 +1,138 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Text excerpt from XSL Candidate Recommendation, 21 Nov 2000. + + + + + +Keep and break conditions apply to a class of areas, which are typically +page-reference-areas, column-areas, and line-areas. The appropriate class +for a given condition is referred to as a context and an area in this +class is a context-area. As defined in Section 6.4.1, page-reference-areas +are areas generated by an fo:page-sequence using the specifications in a +fo:page-master, and column-areas are normal-flow-reference-areas generated +from a region-body, or region-reference-areas generated from other types +of region-master. + + + +A keep or break condition is an open statement about a formatting object +and the tree relationships of the areas it generates with the relevant +context-areas. These tree relationships are defined mainly in terms of +leading or trailing areas. If A is a descendant of P, then A is defined +to be leading in P if A has no preceding sibling which is a normal area, +nor does any of its ancestor areas up to but not including P. Similarly, +A is defined to be trailing in P if A has no following sibling which is +a normal area, nor does any of its ancestor areas up to but not including P. +For any given formatting object, the next formatting object in the flow is +the first formatting object following (in the pre-order traversal order) +which generates and returns normal areas. + + + +break-after="page" +Break conditions are either break-before or break-after conditions. +A break-before condition is satisfied if the first area generated and +returned by the formatting object is leading within a context-area. A +break-after condition depends on the next formatting object in the flow; +it is satisfied if either there is no such next formatting object, or +if the first normal area generated and returned by that formatting +object is leading in a context-area. + + + +Break conditions are imposed by the break-before and break-after +properties. A refined value of page for these traits imposes a break +condition with a context consisting of the page-reference-areas; a +value of even-page or odd-page imposes a break condition with a +context of even-numbered page-reference-areas or odd-numbered page +reference-areas, respectively; a value of column imposes a break +condition with a context of column-areas. A value of auto in a +break-before or break-after trait imposes no break condition. + + + +Keep conditions are either keep-with-previous, keep-with-next, or +keep-together conditions. A keep-with-previous condition on an +object is satisfied if the first area generated and returned by +the formatting object is not leading within a context-area, or +if there are no preceding areas in a post-order traversal of the +area tree. A keep-with-next condition is satisfied if the last +area generated and returned by the formatting object is not +trailing within a context-area, or if there are no following +areas in a pre-order traversal of the area tree. A keep-together +condition is satisfied if all areas generated and returned by +the formatting object are descendants of a single context-area. + + + +Keep conditions are imposed by the "within-page", "within-column", +and "within-line" components of the "keep-with-previous", +"keep-with-next", and "keep-together" properties. The refined value +of each component specifies the strength of the keep condition +imposed, with higher numbers being stronger than lower numbers and +the value always being stronger than all numeric values. A component +with value auto does not impose a keep condition. A "within-page" +component imposes a keep-condition with context consisting of the +page-reference-areas; "within-column", with context consisting of +the column-areas; and "within-line" with context consisting of the +line-areas. + + + +break-before="page" +The area tree is constrained to satisfy all break conditions imposed. +Each keep condition must also be satisfied, except when this would +cause a break condition or a stronger keep condition to fail to be +satisfied. If not all of a set of keep conditions of equal strength +can be satisfied, then some maximal satisfiable subset of conditions +of that strength must be satisfied (together with all break conditions +and maximal subsets of stronger keep conditions, if any). + + + + + + diff --git a/examples/fo/keeps_and_breaks/pagelevel2.fo b/examples/fo/keeps_and_breaks/pagelevel2.fo new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a5069b6c2 --- /dev/null +++ b/examples/fo/keeps_and_breaks/pagelevel2.fo @@ -0,0 +1,293 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Text excerpt from XSL Candidate Recommendation, 21 Nov 2000. + + + + + +Keep and break conditions apply to a class of areas, which are typically +page-reference-areas, column-areas, and line-areas. The appropriate class +for a given condition is referred to as a context and an area in this +class is a context-area. As defined in Section 6.4.1, page-reference-areas +are areas generated by an fo:page-sequence using the specifications in a +fo:page-master, and column-areas are normal-flow-reference-areas generated +from a region-body, or region-reference-areas generated from other types +of region-master. + + + +A keep or break condition is an open statement about a formatting object +and the tree relationships of the areas it generates with the relevant +context-areas. These tree relationships are defined mainly in terms of +leading or trailing areas. If A is a descendant of P, then A is defined +to be leading in P if A has no preceding sibling which is a normal area, +nor does any of its ancestor areas up to but not including P. Similarly, +A is defined to be trailing in P if A has no following sibling which is +a normal area, nor does any of its ancestor areas up to but not including P. +For any given formatting object, the next formatting object in the flow is +the first formatting object following (in the pre-order traversal order) +which generates and returns normal areas. + + + +Break conditions are either break-before or break-after conditions. +A break-before condition is satisfied if the first area generated and +returned by the formatting object is leading within a context-area. A +break-after condition depends on the next formatting object in the flow; +it is satisfied if either there is no such next formatting object, or +if the first normal area generated and returned by that formatting +object is leading in a context-area. + + + +This is a block with a break-after="even-page" + break condition. This condition is satisfied if there is +no next formatting object, or the +first normal area generated by the next FO is leading in an even-page +context. + + + +Break conditions are imposed by the break-before and break-after +properties. A refined value of page for these traits imposes a break +condition with a context consisting of the page-reference-areas; a +value of even-page or odd-page imposes a break condition with a +context of even-numbered page-reference-areas or odd-numbered page +reference-areas, respectively; a value of column imposes a break +condition with a context of column-areas. A value of auto in a +break-before or break-after trait imposes no break condition. + + + +Keep conditions are either keep-with-previous, keep-with-next, or +keep-together conditions. A keep-with-previous condition on an +object is satisfied if the first area generated and returned by +the formatting object is not leading within a context-area, or +if there are no preceding areas in a post-order traversal of the +area tree. A keep-with-next condition is satisfied if the last +area generated and returned by the formatting object is not +trailing within a context-area, or if there are no following +areas in a pre-order traversal of the area tree. A keep-together +condition is satisfied if all areas generated and returned by +the formatting object are descendants of a single context-area. + + + +This is a block with a break-after="even-page" + break condition. This condition is satisfied if there is +no next formatting object, or the +first normal area generated by the next FO is leading in an even-page +context. + + + +Keep conditions are imposed by the "within-page", "within-column", +and "within-line" components of the "keep-with-previous", +"keep-with-next", and "keep-together" properties. The refined value +of each component specifies the strength of the keep condition +imposed, with higher numbers being stronger than lower numbers and +the value always being stronger than all numeric values. A component +with value auto does not impose a keep condition. A "within-page" +component imposes a keep-condition with context consisting of the +page-reference-areas; "within-column", with context consisting of +the column-areas; and "within-line" with context consisting of the +line-areas. + + + +The area tree is constrained to satisfy all break conditions imposed. +Each keep condition must also be satisfied, except when this would +cause a break condition or a stronger keep condition to fail to be +satisfied. If not all of a set of keep conditions of equal strength +can be satisfied, then some maximal satisfiable subset of conditions +of that strength must be satisfied (together with all break conditions +and maximal subsets of stronger keep conditions, if any). + + + + + + + +Keep and break conditions apply to a class of areas, which are typically +page-reference-areas, column-areas, and line-areas. The appropriate class +for a given condition is referred to as a context and an area in this +class is a context-area. As defined in Section 6.4.1, page-reference-areas +are areas generated by an fo:page-sequence using the specifications in a +fo:page-master, and column-areas are normal-flow-reference-areas generated +from a region-body, or region-reference-areas generated from other types +of region-master. + + + +A keep or break condition is an open statement about a formatting object +and the tree relationships of the areas it generates with the relevant +context-areas. These tree relationships are defined mainly in terms of +leading or trailing areas. If A is a descendant of P, then A is defined +to be leading in P if A has no preceding sibling which is a normal area, +nor does any of its ancestor areas up to but not including P. Similarly, +A is defined to be trailing in P if A has no following sibling which is +a normal area, nor does any of its ancestor areas up to but not including P. +For any given formatting object, the next formatting object in the flow is +the first formatting object following (in the pre-order traversal order) +which generates and returns normal areas. + + + +This is a block with a break-after="odd-page" + break condition. This condition is satisfied if there is +no next formatting object, or the +first normal area generated by the next FO is leading in an odd-page +context. + + + +Break conditions are either break-before or break-after conditions. +A break-before condition is satisfied if the first area generated and +returned by the formatting object is leading within a context-area. A +break-after condition depends on the next formatting object in the flow; +it is satisfied if either there is no such next formatting object, or +if the first normal area generated and returned by that formatting +object is leading in a context-area. + + + +Break conditions are imposed by the break-before and break-after +properties. A refined value of page for these traits imposes a break +condition with a context consisting of the page-reference-areas; a +value of even-page or odd-page imposes a break condition with a +context of even-numbered page-reference-areas or odd-numbered page +reference-areas, respectively; a value of column imposes a break +condition with a context of column-areas. A value of auto in a +break-before or break-after trait imposes no break condition. + + + +Keep conditions are either keep-with-previous, keep-with-next, or +keep-together conditions. A keep-with-previous condition on an +object is satisfied if the first area generated and returned by +the formatting object is not leading within a context-area, or +if there are no preceding areas in a post-order traversal of the +area tree. A keep-with-next condition is satisfied if the last +area generated and returned by the formatting object is not +trailing within a context-area, or if there are no following +areas in a pre-order traversal of the area tree. A keep-together +condition is satisfied if all areas generated and returned by +the formatting object are descendants of a single context-area. + + + +Keep conditions are imposed by the "within-page", "within-column", +and "within-line" components of the "keep-with-previous", +"keep-with-next", and "keep-together" properties. The refined value +of each component specifies the strength of the keep condition +imposed, with higher numbers being stronger than lower numbers and +the value always being stronger than all numeric values. A component +with value auto does not impose a keep condition. A "within-page" +component imposes a keep-condition with context consisting of the +page-reference-areas; "within-column", with context consisting of +the column-areas; and "within-line" with context consisting of the +line-areas. + + + +This is a block with a break-after="odd-page" + break condition. This condition is satisfied if there is +no next formatting object, or the +first normal area generated by the next FO is leading in an odd-page +context. + + + +The area tree is constrained to satisfy all break conditions imposed. +Each keep condition must also be satisfied, except when this would +cause a break condition or a stronger keep condition to fail to be +satisfied. If not all of a set of keep conditions of equal strength +can be satisfied, then some maximal satisfiable subset of conditions +of that strength must be satisfied (together with all break conditions +and maximal subsets of stronger keep conditions, if any). + + + + + + diff --git a/examples/fo/keeps_and_breaks/pagelevel3.fo b/examples/fo/keeps_and_breaks/pagelevel3.fo new file mode 100644 index 000000000..2cc73bab5 --- /dev/null +++ b/examples/fo/keeps_and_breaks/pagelevel3.fo @@ -0,0 +1,289 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Text excerpt from XSL Candidate Recommendation, 21 Nov 2000. + + + + + +Keep and break conditions apply to a class of areas, which are typically +page-reference-areas, column-areas, and line-areas. The appropriate class +for a given condition is referred to as a context and an area in this +class is a context-area. As defined in Section 6.4.1, page-reference-areas +are areas generated by an fo:page-sequence using the specifications in a +fo:page-master, and column-areas are normal-flow-reference-areas generated +from a region-body, or region-reference-areas generated from other types +of region-master. + + + +A keep or break condition is an open statement about a formatting object +and the tree relationships of the areas it generates with the relevant +context-areas. These tree relationships are defined mainly in terms of +leading or trailing areas. If A is a descendant of P, then A is defined +to be leading in P if A has no preceding sibling which is a normal area, +nor does any of its ancestor areas up to but not including P. Similarly, +A is defined to be trailing in P if A has no following sibling which is +a normal area, nor does any of its ancestor areas up to but not including P. +For any given formatting object, the next formatting object in the flow is +the first formatting object following (in the pre-order traversal order) +which generates and returns normal areas. + + + +Break conditions are either break-before or break-before conditions. +A break-before condition is satisfied if the first area generated and +returned by the formatting object is leading within a context-area. A +break-before condition depends on the next formatting object in the flow; +it is satisfied if either there is no such next formatting object, or +if the first normal area generated and returned by that formatting +object is leading in a context-area. + + + +This is a block with a break-before="even-page" + break condition. This condition is satisfied if the +first normal area generated by this FO is leading in an even-page +context. + + + +Break conditions are imposed by the break-before and break-before +properties. A refined value of page for these traits imposes a break +condition with a context consisting of the page-reference-areas; a +value of even-page or odd-page imposes a break condition with a +context of even-numbered page-reference-areas or odd-numbered page +reference-areas, respectively; a value of column imposes a break +condition with a context of column-areas. A value of auto in a +break-before or break-before trait imposes no break condition. + + + +Keep conditions are either keep-with-previous, keep-with-next, or +keep-together conditions. A keep-with-previous condition on an +object is satisfied if the first area generated and returned by +the formatting object is not leading within a context-area, or +if there are no preceding areas in a post-order traversal of the +area tree. A keep-with-next condition is satisfied if the last +area generated and returned by the formatting object is not +trailing within a context-area, or if there are no following +areas in a pre-order traversal of the area tree. A keep-together +condition is satisfied if all areas generated and returned by +the formatting object are descendants of a single context-area. + + + +This is a block with a break-before="even-page" + break condition. This condition is satisfied if the +first normal area generated by this FO is leading in an even-page +context. + + + +Keep conditions are imposed by the "within-page", "within-column", +and "within-line" components of the "keep-with-previous", +"keep-with-next", and "keep-together" properties. The refined value +of each component specifies the strength of the keep condition +imposed, with higher numbers being stronger than lower numbers and +the value always being stronger than all numeric values. A component +with value auto does not impose a keep condition. A "within-page" +component imposes a keep-condition with context consisting of the +page-reference-areas; "within-column", with context consisting of +the column-areas; and "within-line" with context consisting of the +line-areas. + + + +The area tree is constrained to satisfy all break conditions imposed. +Each keep condition must also be satisfied, except when this would +cause a break condition or a stronger keep condition to fail to be +satisfied. If not all of a set of keep conditions of equal strength +can be satisfied, then some maximal satisfiable subset of conditions +of that strength must be satisfied (together with all break conditions +and maximal subsets of stronger keep conditions, if any). + + + + + + + +Keep and break conditions apply to a class of areas, which are typically +page-reference-areas, column-areas, and line-areas. The appropriate class +for a given condition is referred to as a context and an area in this +class is a context-area. As defined in Section 6.4.1, page-reference-areas +are areas generated by an fo:page-sequence using the specifications in a +fo:page-master, and column-areas are normal-flow-reference-areas generated +from a region-body, or region-reference-areas generated from other types +of region-master. + + + +A keep or break condition is an open statement about a formatting object +and the tree relationships of the areas it generates with the relevant +context-areas. These tree relationships are defined mainly in terms of +leading or trailing areas. If A is a descendant of P, then A is defined +to be leading in P if A has no preceding sibling which is a normal area, +nor does any of its ancestor areas up to but not including P. Similarly, +A is defined to be trailing in P if A has no following sibling which is +a normal area, nor does any of its ancestor areas up to but not including P. +For any given formatting object, the next formatting object in the flow is +the first formatting object following (in the pre-order traversal order) +which generates and returns normal areas. + + + +This is a block with a break-before="odd-page" + break condition. This condition is satisfied if the +first normal area generated by this FO is leading in an odd-page +context. + + + +Break conditions are either break-before or break-before conditions. +A break-before condition is satisfied if the first area generated and +returned by the formatting object is leading within a context-area. A +break-before condition depends on the next formatting object in the flow; +it is satisfied if either there is no such next formatting object, or +if the first normal area generated and returned by that formatting +object is leading in a context-area. + + + +Break conditions are imposed by the break-before and break-before +properties. A refined value of page for these traits imposes a break +condition with a context consisting of the page-reference-areas; a +value of even-page or odd-page imposes a break condition with a +context of even-numbered page-reference-areas or odd-numbered page +reference-areas, respectively; a value of column imposes a break +condition with a context of column-areas. A value of auto in a +break-before or break-before trait imposes no break condition. + + + +Keep conditions are either keep-with-previous, keep-with-next, or +keep-together conditions. A keep-with-previous condition on an +object is satisfied if the first area generated and returned by +the formatting object is not leading within a context-area, or +if there are no preceding areas in a post-order traversal of the +area tree. A keep-with-next condition is satisfied if the last +area generated and returned by the formatting object is not +trailing within a context-area, or if there are no following +areas in a pre-order traversal of the area tree. A keep-together +condition is satisfied if all areas generated and returned by +the formatting object are descendants of a single context-area. + + + +Keep conditions are imposed by the "within-page", "within-column", +and "within-line" components of the "keep-with-previous", +"keep-with-next", and "keep-together" properties. The refined value +of each component specifies the strength of the keep condition +imposed, with higher numbers being stronger than lower numbers and +the value always being stronger than all numeric values. A component +with value auto does not impose a keep condition. A "within-page" +component imposes a keep-condition with context consisting of the +page-reference-areas; "within-column", with context consisting of +the column-areas; and "within-line" with context consisting of the +line-areas. + + + +This is a block with a break-before="odd-page" + break condition. This condition is satisfied if the +first normal area generated by this FO is leading in an odd-page +context. + + + +The area tree is constrained to satisfy all break conditions imposed. +Each keep condition must also be satisfied, except when this would +cause a break condition or a stronger keep condition to fail to be +satisfied. If not all of a set of keep conditions of equal strength +can be satisfied, then some maximal satisfiable subset of conditions +of that strength must be satisfied (together with all break conditions +and maximal subsets of stronger keep conditions, if any). + + + + + + diff --git a/examples/fo/keeps_and_breaks/pagelevel4.fo b/examples/fo/keeps_and_breaks/pagelevel4.fo new file mode 100644 index 000000000..22fd1c0eb --- /dev/null +++ b/examples/fo/keeps_and_breaks/pagelevel4.fo @@ -0,0 +1,291 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Text excerpt from XSL Candidate Recommendation, 21 Nov 2000. + + + + + +Keep and break conditions apply to a class of areas, which are typically +page-reference-areas, column-areas, and line-areas. The appropriate class +for a given condition is referred to as a context and an area in this +class is a context-area. As defined in Section 6.4.1, page-reference-areas +are areas generated by an fo:page-sequence using the specifications in a +fo:page-master, and column-areas are normal-flow-reference-areas generated +from a region-body, or region-reference-areas generated from other types +of region-master. + + + +A keep or break condition is an open statement about a formatting object +and the tree relationships of the areas it generates with the relevant +context-areas. These tree relationships are defined mainly in terms of +leading or trailing areas. If A is a descendant of P, then A is defined +to be leading in P if A has no preceding sibling which is a normal area, +nor does any of its ancestor areas up to but not including P. Similarly, +A is defined to be trailing in P if A has no following sibling which is +a normal area, nor does any of its ancestor areas up to but not including P. +For any given formatting object, the next formatting object in the flow is +the first formatting object following (in the pre-order traversal order) +which generates and returns normal areas. + + + +Break conditions are either break-before or break-before conditions. +A break-before condition is satisfied if the first area generated and +returned by the formatting object is leading within a context-area. A +break-before condition depends on the next formatting object in the flow; +it is satisfied if either there is no such next formatting object, or +if the first normal area generated and returned by that formatting +object is leading in a context-area. + + + +This is a block with a break-before="even-page" + break condition. This condition is satisfied if the +first normal area generated by this FO is leading in an even-page +context. + + + +Break conditions are imposed by the break-before and break-before +properties. A refined value of page for these traits imposes a break +condition with a context consisting of the page-reference-areas; a +value of even-page or odd-page imposes a break condition with a +context of even-numbered page-reference-areas or odd-numbered page +reference-areas, respectively; a value of column imposes a break +condition with a context of column-areas. A value of auto in a +break-before or break-before trait imposes no break condition. + + + +Keep conditions are either keep-with-previous, keep-with-next, or +keep-together conditions. A keep-with-previous condition on an +object is satisfied if the first area generated and returned by +the formatting object is not leading within a context-area, or +if there are no preceding areas in a post-order traversal of the +area tree. A keep-with-next condition is satisfied if the last +area generated and returned by the formatting object is not +trailing within a context-area, or if there are no following +areas in a pre-order traversal of the area tree. A keep-together +condition is satisfied if all areas generated and returned by +the formatting object are descendants of a single context-area. + + + +This is a block with a break-before="even-page" + break condition. This condition is satisfied if the +first normal area generated by this FO is leading in an even-page +context. + + + +Keep conditions are imposed by the "within-page", "within-column", +and "within-line" components of the "keep-with-previous", +"keep-with-next", and "keep-together" properties. The refined value +of each component specifies the strength of the keep condition +imposed, with higher numbers being stronger than lower numbers and +the value always being stronger than all numeric values. A component +with value auto does not impose a keep condition. A "within-page" +component imposes a keep-condition with context consisting of the +page-reference-areas; "within-column", with context consisting of +the column-areas; and "within-line" with context consisting of the +line-areas. + + + +The area tree is constrained to satisfy all break conditions imposed. +Each keep condition must also be satisfied, except when this would +cause a break condition or a stronger keep condition to fail to be +satisfied. If not all of a set of keep conditions of equal strength +can be satisfied, then some maximal satisfiable subset of conditions +of that strength must be satisfied (together with all break conditions +and maximal subsets of stronger keep conditions, if any). + + + + + + + +Keep and break conditions apply to a class of areas, which are typically +page-reference-areas, column-areas, and line-areas. The appropriate class +for a given condition is referred to as a context and an area in this +class is a context-area. As defined in Section 6.4.1, page-reference-areas +are areas generated by an fo:page-sequence using the specifications in a +fo:page-master, and column-areas are normal-flow-reference-areas generated +from a region-body, or region-reference-areas generated from other types +of region-master. + + + +A keep or break condition is an open statement about a formatting object +and the tree relationships of the areas it generates with the relevant +context-areas. These tree relationships are defined mainly in terms of +leading or trailing areas. If A is a descendant of P, then A is defined +to be leading in P if A has no preceding sibling which is a normal area, +nor does any of its ancestor areas up to but not including P. Similarly, +A is defined to be trailing in P if A has no following sibling which is +a normal area, nor does any of its ancestor areas up to but not including P. +For any given formatting object, the next formatting object in the flow is +the first formatting object following (in the pre-order traversal order) +which generates and returns normal areas. + + + +This is a block with a break-before="odd-page" + break condition. This condition is satisfied if the +first normal area generated by this FO is leading in an odd-page +context. + + + +Break conditions are either break-before or break-before conditions. +A break-before condition is satisfied if the first area generated and +returned by the formatting object is leading within a context-area. A +break-before condition depends on the next formatting object in the flow; +it is satisfied if either there is no such next formatting object, or +if the first normal area generated and returned by that formatting +object is leading in a context-area. + + + +Break conditions are imposed by the break-before and break-before +properties. A refined value of page for these traits imposes a break +condition with a context consisting of the page-reference-areas; a +value of even-page or odd-page imposes a break condition with a +context of even-numbered page-reference-areas or odd-numbered page +reference-areas, respectively; a value of column imposes a break +condition with a context of column-areas. A value of auto in a +break-before or break-before trait imposes no break condition. + + + +Keep conditions are either keep-with-previous, keep-with-next, or +keep-together conditions. A keep-with-previous condition on an +object is satisfied if the first area generated and returned by +the formatting object is not leading within a context-area, or +if there are no preceding areas in a post-order traversal of the +area tree. A keep-with-next condition is satisfied if the last +area generated and returned by the formatting object is not +trailing within a context-area, or if there are no following +areas in a pre-order traversal of the area tree. A keep-together +condition is satisfied if all areas generated and returned by +the formatting object are descendants of a single context-area. + + + +Keep conditions are imposed by the "within-page", "within-column", +and "within-line" components of the "keep-with-previous", +"keep-with-next", and "keep-together" properties. The refined value +of each component specifies the strength of the keep condition +imposed, with higher numbers being stronger than lower numbers and +the value always being stronger than all numeric values. A component +with value auto does not impose a keep condition. A "within-page" +component imposes a keep-condition with context consisting of the +page-reference-areas; "within-column", with context consisting of +the column-areas; and "within-line" with context consisting of the +line-areas. + + + +This is a block with a break-before="odd-page" + break condition. This condition is satisfied if the +first normal area generated by this FO is leading in an odd-page +context. + + + +The area tree is constrained to satisfy all break conditions imposed. +Each keep condition must also be satisfied, except when this would +cause a break condition or a stronger keep condition to fail to be +satisfied. If not all of a set of keep conditions of equal strength +can be satisfied, then some maximal satisfiable subset of conditions +of that strength must be satisfied (together with all break conditions +and maximal subsets of stronger keep conditions, if any). + + + + + + diff --git a/examples/fo/markers/glossary.xml b/examples/fo/markers/glossary.xml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..078f24bf0 --- /dev/null +++ b/examples/fo/markers/glossary.xml @@ -0,0 +1,314 @@ + + + + basic-link + The fo:basic-link is used for representing the start resource + of a simple link. + + + bidi-override + The fo:bidi-override inline formatting object is used where + it is necessary to override the default Unicode-bidirectionality + algorithm direction for different (or nested) inline scripts in + mixed-language documents. + + + block + The fo:block formatting object is commonly used for formatting + paragraphs, titles, headlines, figure and table captions, etc. + + + block-container + The fo:block-container flow object is used to generate a + block-level reference-area. + + + character + The fo:character flow object represents a character that is + mapped to a glyph for presentation. + + + color-profile + Used to declare a color profile for a stylesheet. + + + conditional-page-master-reference + The fo:conditional-page-master-reference + is used to identify a page-master that is to be used when the conditions + on its use are satisfied. + + + declarations + Used to group global declarations for a stylesheet. + + + external-graphic + The fo:external-graphic flow object is used for a graphic + where the graphics data resides outside of the XML result tree in the + fo namespace. + + + float + The fo:float serves two purposes. It can be used so that during the + normal placement of content, some related content is formatted into a + separate area at beginning of the page (or of some following page) where + it is available to be read without immediately intruding on the reader. + Alternatively, it can be used when an area is intended to float to one + side, with normal content flowing alongside. + + + flow + The content of the fo:flow formatting object is a sequence + of flow objects that provides the flowing text content that is distributed + into pages. + + + footnote + The fo:footnote is used to produce a footnote citation and the + corresponding footnote. + + + footnote-body + The fo:footnote-body is used to generate the content of the + footnote. + + + initial-property-set + The fo:initial-property-set specifies formatting properties + for the first line of an fo:block. + + + inline + The fo:inline formatting object is commonly used for + formatting a portion of text with a background or enclosing it in a + border. + + + inline-container + The fo:inline-container flow object is used to generate an + inline reference-area. + + + instream-foreign-object + The fo:instream-foreign-object flow object is used for an + inline graphic or other "generic" object where the object data resides + as descendants of the fo:instream-foreign-object. + + + layout-master-set + The fo:layout-master-set is a wrapper around all masters used + in the document. + + + leader + The fo:leader formatting object is used to generate leaders + consisting either of a rule or of a row of a repeating character or + cyclically repeating pattern of characters that may be used for connecting + two text formatting objects. + + + list-block + The fo:list-block flow object is used to format a list. + + + list-item + The fo:list-item formatting object contains the label and the + body of an item in a list. + + + list-item-body + The fo:list-item-body formatting object contains the content + of the body of a list-item. + + + list-item-label + The fo:list-item-label formatting object contains the content + of the label of a list-item; typically used to either enumerate, identify, + or adorn the list-item's body. + + + marker + The fo:marker is used in conjunction with fo:retrieve-marker + to produce running headers or footers. + + + multi-case + The fo:multi-case is used to contain (within an fo:multi-switch) + each alternative sub-tree of formatting objects among which the parent + fo:multi-switch will choose one to show and will hide the rest. + + + multi-properties + The fo:multi-properties is used to switch between two or more + property sets that are associated with a given portion of content. + + + multi-property-set + The fo:multi-property-set is used to specify an alternative + set of formatting properties that, dependent on a User Agent state, are + applied to the content. + + + multi-switch + The fo:multi-switch wraps the specification of alternative + sub-trees of formatting objects (each sub-tree being within an + fo:multi-case), and controls the switching (activated via fo:multi-toggle) + from one alternative to another. + + + multi-toggle + The fo:multi-toggle is used within an fo:multi-case to switch + to another fo:multi-case. + + + page-number + The fo:page-number formatting object is used to represent the + current page-number. + + + page-number-citation + The fo:page-number-citation is used to reference the + page-number for the page containing the first normal area returned by the + cited formatting object. + + + page-sequence + The fo:page-sequence formatting object is used to specify how + to create a (sub-)sequence of pages within a document; for example, a + chapter of a report. The content of these pages comes from flow children + of the fo:page-sequence. + + + page-sequence-master + The fo:page-sequence-master specifies sequences of page-masters + that are used when generating a sequence of pages. + + + region-after + This region defines a viewport that is located on the "after" + side of fo:region-body region. + + + region-before + This region defines a viewport that is located on the "before" + side of fo:region-body region. + + + region-body + This region specifies a viewport/reference pair that is located + in the "center" of the fo:simple-page-master. + + + region-end + This region defines a viewport that is located on the "end" + side of fo:region-body region. + + + region-start + This region defines a viewport that is located on the "start" + side of fo:region-body region. + + + repeatable-page-master-alternatives + An fo:repeatable-page-master-alternatives specifies a + sub-sequence consisting of repeated instances of a set of alternative + page-masters. The number of repetitions may be bounded or potentially + unbounded. + + + repeatable-page-master-reference + An fo:repeatable-page-master-reference specifies a sub-sequence + consisting of repeated instances of a single page-master. The number of + repetitions may be bounded or potentially unbounded. + + + retrieve-marker + The fo:retrieve-marker is used in conjunction with fo:marker + to produce running headers or footers. + + + root + The fo:root node is the top node of an XSL result tree. This + tree is composed of formatting objects. + + + simple-page-master + The fo:simple-page-master is used in the generation of pages + and specifies the geometry of the page. The page may be subdivided into + up to five regions. + + + single-page-master-reference + An fo:single-page-master-reference specifies a sub-sequence + consisting of a single instance of a single page-master. + + + static-content + The fo:static-content formatting object holds a sequence or a + tree of formatting objects that is to be presented in a single region or + repeated in like-named regions on one or more pages in the page-sequence. + Its common use is for repeating or running headers and footers. + + + table + The fo:table flow object is used for formatting the tabular + material of a table. + + + table-and-caption + The fo:table-and-caption flow object is used for formatting a + table together with its caption. + + + table-body + The fo:table-body formatting object is used to contain the + content of the table body. + + + table-caption + The fo:table-caption formatting object is used to contain + block-level formatting objects containing the caption for the table only + when using the fo:table-and-caption. + + + table-cell + The fo:table-cell formatting object is used to group content to + be placed in a table cell. + + + table-column + The fo:table-column formatting object specifies characteristics + applicable to table cells that have the same column and span. + + + table-footer + The fo:table-footer formatting object is used to contain the + content of the table footer. + + + table-header + The fo:table-header formatting object is used to contain the + content of the table header. + + + table-row + The fo:table-row formatting object is used to group table-cells + into rows. + + + title + The fo:title formatting object is used to associate a title with + a given document. This title may be used by an interactive User Agent to + identify the document. For example, the content of the fo:title can be + formatted and displayed in a "title" window or in a "tool tip". + + + wrapper + The fo:wrapper formatting object is used to specify inherited + properties for a group of formatting objects. It has no additional + formatting semantics. + + + + + diff --git a/examples/fo/markers/glossary.xsl b/examples/fo/markers/glossary.xsl new file mode 100644 index 000000000..49deef1eb --- /dev/null +++ b/examples/fo/markers/glossary.xsl @@ -0,0 +1,75 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Page () + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + diff --git a/examples/fo/markers/hide.fo b/examples/fo/markers/hide.fo new file mode 100644 index 000000000..8d8007069 --- /dev/null +++ b/examples/fo/markers/hide.fo @@ -0,0 +1,140 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Page ( / ) + + + + + + +WARNING: Page sequence contains: pages. + + + + + +This example shows how it is possible to have a message that appears +only on the first page (in a page sequence) only if there is more +than one page. + + + +This page sequence only has one page so you will not see the message. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Page ( / ) + + + + + + +WARNING: Page sequence contains: pages. + + + + + +This page sequence has more than one page so you will see the message +only at the top of the first page. + + + +Some text. + + + +Some text. + + +Some more text on last page. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + diff --git a/examples/fo/pagination/allregions.fo b/examples/fo/pagination/allregions.fo new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e7bb5cd40 --- /dev/null +++ b/examples/fo/pagination/allregions.fo @@ -0,0 +1,132 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + XML Recommendation - p. + + + + + + Start + + + + + + End + + + + + + + + Extensible Markup Language (XML) 1.0 + + + + + Abstract + + + + + The Extensible Markup Language (XML) is a subset of SGML that is completely described in this document. Its goal is to + enable generic SGML to be served, received, and processed on the Web in the way that is now possible with HTML. XML + has been designed for ease of implementation and for interoperability with both SGML and HTML. For further information + go to normal.pdf + + + + + Status of this document + + + + + This document has been reviewed by W3C Members and other interested parties and has been endorsed by the Director as a + W3C Recommendation. It is a stable document and may be used as reference material or cited as a normative reference from + another document. W3C's role in making the Recommendation is to draw attention to the specification and to promote its + widespread deployment. This enhances the functionality and interoperability of the Web. For further information go to + normal.pdf + + + + + This document specifies a syntax created by subsetting an existing, widely used international text processing standard + (Standard Generalized Markup Language, ISO 8879:1986(E) as amended and corrected) for use on the World Wide Web. It + is a product of the W3C XML Activity, details of which can be found at http://www.w3.org/XML. A list of current W3C + Recommendations and other technical documents can be found at http://www.w3.org/TR. + + + + diff --git a/examples/fo/pagination/basic1.fo b/examples/fo/pagination/basic1.fo new file mode 100644 index 000000000..7189fd8ae --- /dev/null +++ b/examples/fo/pagination/basic1.fo @@ -0,0 +1,112 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + XML Recommendation - p. + + + + + + + + Extensible Markup Language (XML) 1.0 + + + + + Abstract + + + + + The Extensible Markup Language (XML) is a subset of SGML that is completely described in this document. Its goal is to + enable generic SGML to be served, received, and processed on the Web in the way that is now possible with HTML. XML + has been designed for ease of implementation and for interoperability with both SGML and HTML. For further information + go to normal.pdf + + + + + Status of this document + + + + + This document has been reviewed by W3C Members and other interested parties and has been endorsed by the Director as a + W3C Recommendation. It is a stable document and may be used as reference material or cited as a normative reference from + another document. W3C's role in making the Recommendation is to draw attention to the specification and to promote its + widespread deployment. This enhances the functionality and interoperability of the Web. For further information go to + normal.pdf + + + + + This document specifies a syntax created by subsetting an existing, widely used international text processing standard + (Standard Generalized Markup Language, ISO 8879:1986(E) as amended and corrected) for use on the World Wide Web. It + is a product of the W3C XML Activity, details of which can be found at http://www.w3.org/XML. A list of current W3C + Recommendations and other technical documents can be found at http://www.w3.org/TR. + + + + diff --git a/examples/fo/pagination/basic2.fo b/examples/fo/pagination/basic2.fo new file mode 100644 index 000000000..8add1d2f3 --- /dev/null +++ b/examples/fo/pagination/basic2.fo @@ -0,0 +1,115 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + XML Recommendation - p. + + + + + + + + Extensible Markup Language (XML) 1.0 + + + + + Abstract + + + + + The Extensible Markup Language (XML) is a subset of SGML that is completely described in this document. Its goal is to + enable generic SGML to be served, received, and processed on the Web in the way that is now possible with HTML. XML + has been designed for ease of implementation and for interoperability with both SGML and HTML. For further information + go to normal.pdf + + + + + Status of this document + + + + + This document has been reviewed by W3C Members and other interested parties and has been endorsed by the Director as a + W3C Recommendation. It is a stable document and may be used as reference material or cited as a normative reference from + another document. W3C's role in making the Recommendation is to draw attention to the specification and to promote its + widespread deployment. This enhances the functionality and interoperability of the Web. For further information go to + normal.pdf + + + + + This document specifies a syntax created by subsetting an existing, widely used international text processing standard + (Standard Generalized Markup Language, ISO 8879:1986(E) as amended and corrected) for use on the World Wide Web. It + is a product of the W3C XML Activity, details of which can be found at http://www.w3.org/XML. A list of current W3C + Recommendations and other technical documents can be found at http://www.w3.org/TR. + + + + diff --git a/examples/fo/pagination/franklin_2pageseqs.fo b/examples/fo/pagination/franklin_2pageseqs.fo new file mode 100644 index 000000000..71184797e --- /dev/null +++ b/examples/fo/pagination/franklin_2pageseqs.fo @@ -0,0 +1,1078 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +Journey across the barren Grounds - Difficulty and delay in crossing Copper-Mine River - +Melancholy and fatal Results thereof - Extreme Misery of the whole Party - Murder of +Mr. Hood - Death of several of the Canadians - Desolate State of Fort Enterprise - +Distress suffered at that Place - Dr. Richardson's Narrative - Mr. Back's Narrative - +Conclusion. + + + 1821. August 17. + + + + +MY original intention, whenever the season should +compel us to relinquish the survey, had been to return by the way +of the Copper-Mine River, and in pursuance of my arrangement +with the Hook to travel to Slave Lake through the line of woods +extending thither by the Great Bear and Marten Lakes, but our +scanty stock of provision and the length of the voyage rendered it +necessary to make for a nearer place. We had already found that +the country, between Cape Barrow and the Copper-Mine River, +would not supply our wants, and this it seemed probable would now +be still more the case ; besides, at this advanced season, we expected +the frequent recurrence of gales, which would cause great detention, +if not danger in proceeding along that very rocky part of the coast. +I determined, therefore, to make at once for Arctic Sound, where +we had found the animals more numerous than at any other place ; +and entering Hood's River, to advance up that stream as far as it +was navigable, and then to construct small canoes out of the +materials of the larger ones, which could be carried in crossing the +barren grounds to Fort Enterprise. + + + August 19. + + + + +We were almost beaten out of our comfortless abodes +by rain during the night, and this morning the gale continued +without diminution. The thermometer fell to 33 deg. Two men were +sent with Junius to search for the deer which Augustus had killed. +Junius returned in the evening bringing part of the meat, but owing +to the thickness of the weather, his companions parted from him +and did not make their appearance. Divine service was read. On +the 20th we were presented with the most chilling prospect, the +small pools of water being frozen over, the ground being covered +with snow, and the thermometer at the freezing point at mid-day. +Flights of geese were passing to the southward. The wind however +was more moderate, having changed to the eastward. Considerable +anxiety prevailing respecting Belanger and Michel, the two men +who strayed from Junius yesterday, the rest were sent out to look +for them. The search was successful, and they all returned in the +evening. The stragglers were much fatigued, and had suffered +severely from the cold, one of them having his thighs frozen, and +what under our present circumstances was most grievous, they had +thrown away all the meat. The wind during the night returned to +the north-west quarter, blew more violently than ever, and raised a +very turbulent sea. The next day did not improve our condition, +the snow remained on the ground, and the small pools were frozen. +Our hunters were sent out, but they returned after a fatiguing +day's march without having seen any animals. We made a scanty +meal off a handful of pemmican, after which only half a bag +remained. + + + + +The wind abated after midnight, and the surf diminished rapidly, +which caused us to be on the alert at a very early hour on the 22d, +but we had to wait until six A.M. for the return of Augustus who +had continued out all night on an unsuccessful pursuit of deer. +It appears that he had walked a few miles farther along the coast, +than the party had done on the 18th, and from a sketch he drew on +the sand, we were confirmed in our former opinion that the shore +inclined more to the eastward beyond Point Turnagain. He also +drew a river of considerable size, that discharges its waters into +Walker's Bay; on the banks of which stream he saw a piece of +wood, such as the Esquimaux use in producing fire, and other marks +so fresh that he supposed they had recently visited the spot. We +therefore left several iron materials for them. Our men, cheered by +the prospect of returning, embarked with the utmost alacrity; and, +paddling with unusual vigour, carried us across Riley's and Walker's +Bays, a distance of twenty miles before noon, when we landed on +Slate-Clay Point, as the wind had freshened too much to permit us +to continue the voyage. The whole party went to hunt, but returned +without success in the evening, drenched with the heavy rain which +commenced soon after they had set out. Several deer were seen, +but could not be approached in this naked country; and as our +stock of pemmican did not admit of serving out two meals, we went +dinnerless to bed. + + + + +Soon after our departure to-day, a sealed tin-case, sufficiently +buoyant to float, was thrown overboard, containing a short account of +our proceedings, and the position of the most conspicuous points. +The wind blew off the land, the water was smooth, and as the sea +is in this part more free from islands than in any other, there was +every probability of its being driven off the shore into the current ; +which, as I have before mentioned, we suppose, from the circumstance +of Mackenzie's River being the only known stream that +brings down the wood we have found along the shores, to set to the +eastward. + + + August 23. + + + + +A severe frost caused us to pass a comfortless night. +At two P.M. we set sail, and the men voluntarily launched out to +make a traverse of fifteen miles across Melville Sound, before a +strong wind and heavy sea. The privation of food, under which +our voyagers were then labouring, absorbed every other terror; +otherwise the most powerful persuasion could not have induced +them to attempt such a traverse. It was with the utmost difficulty +that the canoes were kept from turning their broadsides to the +waves, though we sometimes steered with all the paddles. One of +them narrowly escaped being overset by this accident, happening +in mid-channel, where the waves were so high that the mast-head +of our canoe was often hid from the other, though it was sailing +within hail. The annexed plate, from Mr. Back's sketch, will convey +to the reader an accurate idea of the peril of our situation. + + + + +The traverse, however, was made;we were then near a high +rocky lee shore, on which a heavy surf was beating. The wind +being on the beam, the canoes drifted fast to leeward; and, on +rounding a point, the recoil of the sea from the rocks was so great +that they were with difficulty kept from foundering. We looked in +vain for a sheltered bay to land in ; but, at length, being unable to +weather another point, we were obliged to put ashore on the open +beach, which, fortunately, was sandy at this spot. The debarkation +was effected in the manner represented in the plate; and, fortunately, +without further injury than the splitting of the head of +the second canoe, which was easily repaired. + + + + +Our encampment being near to the place where we killed the deer +on the 11th, almost the whole party went out to hunt, but they +returned in the evening without having seen any game. The +berries, however, were ripe and plentiful, and, with the addition +of some country tea, furnished a supper. There were some showers +in the afternoon,and the weather was cold, the thermometer +being 42 deg, but the evening and night were calm and fine. It may be +remarked that the mosquitoes disappeared when the late gales +commenced. + + + August 25. + + + + +Embarking at three A. M., we stretched across +the eastern entrance of Bathurst's Inlet, and arrived at an island, +which I have named after Colonel Barry, of Newton Barry. Some +deer being seen on the beach, the hunters went in pursuit of +them, and succeeded in killing three females, which enabled us to +save our last remaining meal of pemmican. They saw also some +fresh tracks of musk oxen on the banks of a small stream, which +flowed into a lake in the centre of the island. These animals must +have crossed a channel, at least, three miles wide, to reach the nearest +of these islands. Some specimens of variegated pebbles and jasper +were found here imbedded in the amygdaloidal rock. + + + + +Re-embarking at two P.M., and continuing through what was +supposed to be a channel between two islands, we found our passage +barred by a gravelly isthmus of only ten yards in width ; the canoes +and cargoes were carried across it, and we passed into Bathurst's Inlet +through another similar channel, bounded on both sides by steep +rocky hills. The wind then changing from S.E. to N.W. brought +heavy rain, and we encamped at seven P.M., having advanced +eighteen miles. + + + + +Starting this morning with a fresh breeze in our favour, +we soon reached that part of Barry's Island where the canoes were +detained on the 2d and 3rd of this month, and contrary to what we +then experienced, the deer were now plentiful. The hunters killed +two, and we were relieved from all apprehension of an immediate +want of food. One would suppose the deer were about to retire to +the main shore from their assembling at this time in such numbers +on the islands nearest to the coast. Those we saw were generally +females with their young, and all of them very lean. + + + + +The wind continued in the same direction until we had rounded +Point Wollaston, and then changed to a quarter, which enabled us +to steer for Hood's River, which we ascended as high as the first +rapid and encamped. Here terminated our voyage on the Arctic +sea, during which we had gone over six hundred and fifty geographical +miles. Our Canadian voyagers could not restrain their expressions +of joy at having turned their backs on the sea, and +they passed the evening talking over their past adventures with +much humour and no little exaggeration. The consideration that +the most painful, and certainly the most hazardous, part of the +journey was yet to come, did not depress their spirits at all. It is +due to their character to mention that they displayed much courage +in encountering the dangers of the sea, magnified to them by their +novelty. + + + + +The shores between Cape Barrow and Cape Flinders, including +the extensive branches of Arctic and Melville Sounds, and Bathurst's +Inlet, may be comprehended in one great gulf, which I have distinguished +by the appellation of George IV.'s Coronation Gulf, in +honour of His Most Gracious Majesty, the latter name being added +to mark the time of its discovery. The Archipelago of islands which +fringe the coast from Copper-Mine River to Point Turnagain, I have +named in honour of His Royal Highness the Duke of York. + + + + +It may be deserving of notice that the extremes in temperature +of the sea water during our voyage were 53 deg and 35 deg, but its general +temperature was between 43 deg and 48 deg. Throughout our return from +Point Turnagain we observed that the sea had risen several feet +above marks left at our former encampments. This may, perhaps, +be attributed to the north-west gales. + + + August 26. + + + + +Previous to our departure this morning, an assortment +of iron materials, beads, looking-glasses, and other articles +were put up in a conspicuous situation for the Esquimaux, and the +English Union was planted on the loftiest sand-hill, where it might +be seen by any ships passing in the offing. Here also, was deposited +in a tin bow a letter containing an outline of our proceedings, the +latitude and longitude of the principal places, and the course we +intended to pursue towards Slave Lake. + + + + +Embarking at eight A.M. we proceeded up the river, which is full +of sandy shoals, but sufficiently deep for canoes in the channels. It is +from one hundred to two hundred yards wide, and is bounded by high +and steep banks of clay. We encamped at a cascade of eighteen or +twenty feet high, which is produced by a ridge of rock crossing the +river, and the nets were set. A mile below this cascade Hood's +River is joined by a stream half its own size, which I have called +James' Branch. Bear and deer tracks had been numerous on the +banks of the river when we were here before, but not a single recent +one was to be seen at this time. Credit, however, killed a small +deer at some distance inland, which, with the addition of berries, +furnished a delightful repast this evening. The weather was remarkably +fine, and the temperature so mild, that the mosquitoes again +made their appearance, but not in any great numbers. Our distance +made to-day was not more than six miles. + + + + + + + + + + John Franklin - Journey to the Shores of the Polar Sea + + + + + + p. + + + + + + + +The next morning the net furnished us with ten white fish +and trout. Having made a further deposit of iron work for the +Esquimaux we pursued our voyage up the river, but the shoals and +rapids in this part were so frequent, that we walked along the banks +the whole day, and the crews laboured hard in carrying the canoes +thus lightened over the shoals or dragging them up the rapids, yet +our journey in a direct line was only about seven miles. In the +evening we encamped at the lower end of a narrow chasm through +which the river flows for upwards of a mile. The walls of this +chasm are upwards of two hundred feet high, quite perpendicular, +and in some places only a few yards apart. The river precipitates +itself into it over a rock, forming two magnificent and picturesque +falls close to each other. The upper fall is about sixty feet high, and +the lower one at least one hundred, but perhaps considerably more, +for the narrowness of the chasm into which it fell prevented us from +seeing its bottom, and we could merely discern the top of the spray +far beneath our feet. The lower fall is divided into two, by an +insulated column of rock which rises about forty feet above it. The +whole descent of the river at this place probably exceeds two +hundred and fifty feet. The rock is very fine felspathose sandstone. +It has a smooth surface and a light red colour. I have named these +magnificent cascades Wilberforce Falls, as a tribute of my respect +for that distinguished philanthropist and Christian. Messrs. Back and +Hood took beautiful sketches of this majestic scene, which are +combined in the annexed plate. + + + + +The river being surveyed from the summit of a hill, above these +falls, appeared so rapid and shallow, that it seemed useless to +attempt proceeding any farther in the large canoes. I therefore +determined on constructing out of their materials two smaller ones +of sufficient size to contain three persons, for the purpose of crossing +any river that might obstruct our progress. This operation was +accordingly commenced, and by the 31st both the canoes being +finished, we prepared for our departure on the following day. + + + + +The leather which had been preserved for making shoes was +equally divided among the men, two pairs of flannel socks were given +to each person, and such articles of warm clothing as remained, were +issued to those who most required them. They were also furnished +with one of the officers' tents. This being done, I communicated to +the men my intention of proceeding in as direct a course as possible +to the part of Point Lake, opposite to our spring encampment +which was only distant one hundred and forty-nine miles in a +straight line. They received the communication cheerfully, considered +the journey to be short, and left me, in high spirits, to +arrange their own packages. The stores, books, &c., which were not +absolutely necessary to be carried, were then put up in boxes to be +left en cache here, in order that the men's burdens might be as light +as possible. + + + + +The next morning was warm, and very fine. Every one was on +the alert at an early hour, being anxious to commence the journey. +Our luggage consisted of ammunition, nets, hatchets, ice chisels, +astronomical instruments, clothing, blankets, three kettles, and +the two canoes, which were each carried by one man. The +officers carried such a portion of their own things as their strength +would permit;the weight carried by each man was about ninety +pounds, and with this we advanced at the rate of about a mile an +hour, including rests. In the evening the hunters killed a lean cow, +out of a large drove of musk-oxen; but the men were too much +laden to carry more than a small portion of its flesh. The alluvial +soil, which towards the mouth of the river spreads into plains, +covered with grass and willows, was now giving place to a more +barren and hilly country; so that we could but just collect sufficient +brush wood to cook our suppers. The part of the river we skirted +to-day was shallow, and flowed over a bed of sand ; its width about +one hundred and twenty yards. About midnight our tent was blown +down by a squall, and we were completely drenched with rain before +it could be re-pitched. + + + + +In the morning of the 1st of September a fall of snow took +place; the canoes became a cause of delay, by the difficulty of +carrying them in a high wind, and they sustained much damage +from the falls of those who had charge of them. The face of the +country was broken by hills of moderate elevation, but the ground +was plentifully strewed with small stones, which, to men bearing +heavy burthens, and whose feet were protected only by soft moose +skin shoes, occasioned great pain. At the end of eleven miles we +encamped, and sent for a musk-ox and a deer, which St. Germain +and Augustus had killed. The day was extremely cold, the ther-mometer +varying between 34 deg and 36 deg. In the afternoon a heavy +fall of snow took place, on the wind changing from north-west to +south-west. We found no wood at the encampment, but made a +fire of moss to cook the supper, and crept under our blankets for +warmth. At sun-rise the thermometer was at 31 deg, and the wind +fresh from north-west; but the weather became mild in the course +of the forenoon, and the snow disappeared from the gravel. The +afternoon was remarkably fine, and the thermometer rose to 50 deg. +One of the hunters killed a musk-ox. The hills in this part are +lower and more round-backed than those we passed yesterday, and +exhibited but little naked rock; they were covered with lichens. + + + + +Having ascertained from the summit of the highest hill near the +tents, that the river continued to preserve a west course; and fear-ing +that by pursuing it further we might lose much time, and un-necessarily +walk over a great deal of ground, I determined on +quitting its banks the next day, and making as directly as we could for +Point Lake. We accordingly followed the river on the 3d, only to +the place where the musk-ox had been killed last evening, and after +the meat was procured, crossed the river in our two canoes lashed +together. We now emerged from the valley of the river, and entered +a level, but very barren, country, varied only by small lakes and +marshes, the ground being covered with small stones. Many old tracks +of rein-deer were seen in the clayey soil, and some more recent +ones of the musk-ox. We encamped on the borders of Wright's +River, which flows to the eastward; the direct distance walked to-day +being ten miles and three-quarters. The next morning was +very fine, and,as the day advanced, the weather became quite +warm. We set out at six A. M., and, having forded the river, +walked over a perfectly level country, interspersed with small lakes, +which communicated with each other, by streams running in various +directions. No berry-bearing plants were found in this part, the +surface of the earth being thinly covered in the moister places with +a few grasses, and on the drier spots with lichens. + + + + +Having walked twelve miles and a half, we encamped at seven P.M., +and distributed our last piece of pemmican, and a little arrow-root +for supper, which afforded but a scanty meal. This evening was +warm, but dark clouds overspread the sky. Our men now began to +find their burdens very oppressive, and were much fatigued by this +day's march, but did not complain. One of them was lame from an +inflammation in the knee. Heavy rain commenced at midnight, and +continued without intermission until five in the morning, when it +was succeeded by snow on the wind changing to north-west, which +soon increased to a violent gale. As we had nothing to eat, and +were destitute of the means of making a fire, we remained in our +beds all the day ; but the covering of our blankets was insufficient to +prevent us from feeling the severity of the frost, and suffering in-convenience +from the drifting of the snow into our tents. There +was no abatement of the storm next day ; our tents were completely +frozen, and the snow had drifted around them to a depth of three +feet, and even in the inside there was a covering of several inches on +our blankets. Our suffering from cold, in a comfortless canvass tent +in such weather, with the temperature at 20 deg, and without fire, +will easily be imagined;it was, however, less than that which we +felt from hunger. + + + + +The morning of the 7th cleared up a little, but the wind was still +strong, and the weather extremely cold. From the unusual con-tinuance +of the storm, we feared the winter had set in with all its +rigour, and that by longer delay we should only be exposed to an +accumulation of difficulties; we therefore prepared for our journey, +although we were in a very unfit condition for starting, being weak +from fasting, and our garments stiffened by the frost. We had no +means of making a fire to thaw them, the moss, at all times difficult +to kindle, being now covered with ice and snow. A considerable +time was consumed in packing up the frozen tents and bed clothes, +the wind blowing so strong that no one could keep his hands long +out of his mittens. + + + + +Just as we were about to commence our march, I was seized with +a fainting fit, in consequence of exhaustion and sudden exposure to +the wind; but after eating a morsel of portable soup, I recovered, so +far as to be able to move on. I was unwilling at first to take this +morsel of soup, which was diminishing the small and only remaining +meal for the party; but several of the men urged me to it, with +much kindness. The ground was covered a foot deep with snow, +the margin of the lakes was incrusted with ice, and the swamps over +which we had to pass were entirely frozen; but the ice not being +sufficiently strong to bear us, we frequently plunged knee-deep in +water. Those who carried the canoes were repeatedly blown down +by the violence of the wind, and they often fell, from making an +insecure step on a slippery stone; on one of these occasions, the +largest canoe was so much broken as to be rendered utterly unser-viceable. +This was felt as a serious disaster, as the remaining canoe +having through mistake been made too small, it was doubtful +whether it would be sufficient to carry us across a river. Indeed +we had found it necessary in crossing Hood's River, to lash the two +canoes together. As there was some suspicion that Benoit, who +carried the canoe, had broken it intentionally, he having on a former +occasion been overheard by some of the men to say, that he would +do so when he got it in charge, we closely examined him on the +point; he roundly denied having used the expressions attributed to +him, and insisted that it was broken by his falling accidentally; and +as he brought men to attest the latter fact, who saw him tumble, we +did not press the matter further. I may here remark that our +people had murmured a good deal at having to carry two canoes, +though they were informed of the necessity of taking both, in case +it should be deemed advisable to divide the party; which it had +been thought probable we should be obliged to do, if animals proved +scarce, in order to give the whole the better chance of procuring +subsistence, and also for the purpose of sending forward some of the +best walkers to search for Indians, and to get them to meet us with +supplies of provision. The power of doing this was now at an end. +As the accident could not be remedied we turned it to the best +account by making a fire of the bark and timbers of the broken +vessel, and cooked the remainder of our portable soup and arrow-root. +This was a scanty meal after three days' fasting, but it served +to allay the pangs of hunger, and enabled us to proceed at a quicker +pace than before. The depth of the snow caused us to march in +Indian file, that is in each other's steps; the voyagers taking it in +turn to lead the party. A distant object was pointed out to this +man in the direction we wished to take, and Mr. Hood followed +immediately behind him, to renew the bearings, and keep him from +deviating more than could be helped from the mark. It may be +here observed, that we proceeded in this manner throughout our +route across the barren grounds. + + + + +In the afternoon we got into a more hilly country, where the +ground was strewed with large stones. The surface of these was +covered with lichens of the genus gyrophora, which the Canadians +term tripe de roche. A considerable quantity was gathered, and +with half a partridge each, (which were shot in the course of the +day,) furnished us with a slender supper, which we cooked with a +few willows, dug up from beneath the snow. We passed a comfortless +night in our damp clothes, but took the precaution of sleeping upon +our socks and shoes to prevent them from freezing. This plan was +afterwards adopted throughout the journey. + + + + +At half past five in the morning we proceeded; and after walking +about two miles, came to Cracroft's River, flowing to the westward, +with a very rapid current over a rocky channel. We had much diffi-culty +in crossing this, the canoe being useless, not only from the bot-tom +of the channel being obstructed by large stones, but also from its +requiring gumming, an operation which, owing to the want of wood +and the frost, we were unable to perform. However, after following +the course of the river some way, we effected a passage by means of a +range of large rocks that crossed a rapid. As the current was strong, +and many of the rocks were covered with water to the depth of two +or three feet, the men were exposed to much danger in carrying their +heavy burthens across, and several of them actually slipped into the +stream, but were immediately rescued by the others. Junius went +farther up the river in search of a better crossing place, and did not +rejoin us to-day. As several of the party were drenched from head to +foot, and we were all wet to the middle, our clothes became stiff with +the frost, and we walked with much pain for the remainder of the day. +The march was continued to a late hour, being anxious to rejoin the +hunters who had gone before, but we were obliged to encamp at the +end of ten miles and a quarter, without seeing them. Our only +meal to-day consisted of a partridge each, (which the hunters shot,) +mixed with tripe de roche. This repast although scanty for men, +with appetites such as our daily fatigue created, proved a cheerful +one, and was received with thankfulness. Most of the men had to +sleep in the open air, in consequence of the absence of Credit, who +carried their tent; but we fortunately found an unusual quantity of +roots to make a fire, which prevented their suffering much from the +cold, though the thermometer was at 17 deg. + + + + +We started at six on the 9th, and at the end of two miles re-gained +our hunters, who were halting on the borders of a lake amidst +a clump of stunted willows. This lake stretched to the westward as +far as we could see, and its waters were discharged by a rapid stream +one hundred and fifty yards wide. Being entirely ignorant where +we might be led by pursuing the course of the lake, and dreading +the idea of going a mile unnecessarily out of the way, we deter-mined +on crossing the river if possible; and the canoe was gummed +for the purpose, the willows furnishing us with fire. But we had to +await the return of Junius before we could make the traverse. In +the mean time we gathered a little tripe de roche, and breakfasted +upon it and a few partridges that were killed in the morning. +St. Germain and Adam were sent upon some recent tracks of deer. +Junius arrived in the afternoon, and informed us that he had seen +a large herd of musk-oxen on the banks of Cracroft's River, and had +wounded one of them, but it had escaped. He brought about four +pounds of meat, the remains of a deer that had been devoured by +the wolves. The poor fellow was much fatigued, having walked +throughout the night, but as the weather was particularly favourable +for our crossing the river, we could not allow him to rest. After he +had taken some refreshment we proceeded to the river. The canoe +being put into the water was found extremely ticklish, but it was +managed with much dexterity by St. Germain, Adam, and Peltier, +who ferried over one passenger at a time, causing him to lie flat in its +bottom, by no means a pleasant position, owing to its leakiness, but +there was no alternative. The transport of the whole party was +effected by five o'clock, and we walked about two miles further, and +encamped, having come five miles and three quarters on a south-west +course. Two young alpine hares were shot by St. Germain, which, +with the small piece of meat brought in by Junius, furnished the +supper of the whole party. There was no tripe de roche here. The +country had now become decidedly hilly, and was covered with snow. +The lake preserved its western direction, as far as I could see from +the summit of the highest mountain near the encampment. We +subsequently learned from the Copper Indians, that the part at +which we had crossed the river was the Congecatha-wha-chaga of +Hearne, of which I had little idea at the time, not only from the +difference of latitude, but also from its being so much farther east of +the mouth of the Copper-Mine River, than his track is laid down. +He only making one degree and three quarters difference of lon-gitude, +and we, upwards of four. Had I been aware of the fact, +several days harassing march, and a disastrous accident would have +been prevented by keeping on the western side of the lake, instead +of crossing the river. We were informed also, that this river is +the Anatessy or River of Strangers, and is supposed to fall into +Bathurst's Inlet; but although the Indians have visited its mouth, +their description was not sufficient to identify it with any of the +rivers whose mouths we had seen. It probably falls in that part of +the coast which was hid from our view by Goulburn's or Elliot's +Islands. + + + September 10. + + + + +We had a cold north wind, and the atmosphere +was foggy. The thermometer 18 deg at five A.M. In the course of +our march this morning, we passed many small lakes; and the +ground becoming higher and more hilly as we receded from the +river, was covered to a much greater depth with snow. This ren-dered +walking not only extremely laborious, but also hazardous in +the highest degree;for the sides of the hills, as is usual throughout +the barren grounds, abounding in accumulations of large angular +stones, it often happened that the men fell into the interstices +with their loads on their backs, being deceived by the smooth +appearance of the drifted snow. If any one had broken a limb +here, his fate would have been melancholy indeed; we could neither +have remained with him, nor carried him on. We halted at ten to +gather tripe de roche,but it was so frozen, that we were quite +benumbed with cold before a sufficiency could be collected even for +a scanty meal. On proceeding our men were somewhat cheered, by +observing on the sandy summit of a hill, from whence the snow had +been blown, the summer track of a man; and afterwards by seeing +several deer tracks on the snow. About noon the weather cleared +up a little, and, to our great joy, we saw a herd of musk-oxen +grazing in a valley below us. The party instantly halted, and the +best hunters were sent out; they approached the animals with the +utmost caution, no less than two hours being consumed before they +got within gun-shot. In the mean time we beheld their proceed-ings +with extreme anxiety, and many secret prayers were, doubtless, +offered up for their success. At length they opened their fire, and +we had the satisfaction of seeing one of the largest cows fall; another +was wounded, but escaped. This success infused spirit into our +starving party. To skin and cut up the animal was the work of a +few minutes. The contents of its stomach were devoured upon +the spot, and the raw intestines, which were next attacked, were +pronounced by the most delicate amongst us to be excellent. A few +willows, whose tops were seen peeping through the snow in the bottom +of the valley, were quickly grubbed, the tents pitched, and supper +cooked, and devoured with avidity. This was the sixth day since we +had had a good meal. The tripe de roche, even where we got +enough, only serving to allay the pangs of hunger for a short time. +After supper, two of the hunters went in pursuit of the herd, but +could not get near them. + + + + +We were detained all the next day by a strong southerly wind, +and were much incommoded in the tents by the drift snow. The +temperature was 20 deg. The average for the last ten days about +24.5 deg. We restricted ourselves to one meal to-day as we were at +rest, and there was only meat remaining sufficient for the next day. + + + + +The gale had not diminished on the 12th, and, as we were +fearful of its continuance for some time, we determined on going +forward; our only doubt regarded the preservation of the canoe, +but the men promised to pay particular attention to it, and the +most careful persons were appointed to take it in charge. The snow +was two feet deep, and the ground much broken, which rendered +the march extremely painful. The whole party complained more of +faintness and weakness than they had ever done before; their +strength seemed to have been impaired by the recent supply of +animal food. In the afternoon the wind abated, and the snow ceased; +cheered with the change we proceeded forward at a quicker pace, +and encamped at six P. M., having come eleven miles. Our supper +consumed the last of our meat. + + + + +We set out on the 13th, in thick hazy weather, and, after an hour's +march, had the extreme mortification to find ourselves on the +borders of a large lake, which we subsequently learned from the +Indians was named Contwoy-to, or Rum Lake; neither of its extre- +mities could be seen, and as the portion which lay to the east +seemed the widest, we coasted along to the westward portion in +search of a crossing-place. This lake being bounded by steep and +lofty hills, our march was very fatiguing. Those sides which were +exposed to the sun, were free from snow, and we found upon them +some excellent berries. We encamped at six P. M., having come +only six miles and a half. Credit was then missing, and he did not +return during the night. We supped off a single partridge and +some tripe de roche;this unpalatable weed was now quite nau-seous +to the whole party, and in several it produced bowel com-plaints. +Mr. Hood was the greatest sufferer from this cause. This +evening we were extremely distressed, at discovering that our im-provident +companions,since we left Hood's River, had thrown +away three of the fishing-nets, and burnt the floats ; they knew we +had brought them to procure subsistence for the party, when the +animals should fail, and we could scarcely believe the fact of their +having wilfully deprived themselves of this resource, especially +when we considered that most of them had passed the greater part of +their servitude in situations where the nets alone had supplied them +with food. Being thus deprived of our principal resource, that of +fishing, and the men evidently getting weaker every day, it became +necessary to lighten their burthens of every thing except ammunition, +clothing, and the instruments that were required to find our +way. I, therefore, issued directions to deposit at this encampment +the dipping needle, azimuth compass, magnet, a large thermometer, +and a few books we had carried, having torn out of these such parts +as we should require to work the observations for latitude and +longitude. I also promised,as an excitement to the efforts in +hunting, my gun to St. Germain, and an ample compensation to +Adam, or any of the other men who should kill any animals. +Mr. Hood, on this occasion, lent his gun to Michel, the Iroquois, +who was very eager in the chase, and often successful. + + + September 14. + + + + +This morning the officers being assembled round +a small fire, Perrault presented each of us with a small piece of meat +which he had saved from his allowance. It was received with great +thankfulness, and such an act of self-denial and kindness, being +totally unexpected in a Canadian voyager, filled our eyes with tears. +In directing our course to a river issuing from the lake, we met +Credit, who communicated the joyful intelligence of his having +killed two deer in the morning. We instantly halted, and having +shared the deer that was nearest to us, prepared breakfast. After +which, the other deer was sent for, and we went down to the river, +which was about three hundred yards wide, and flowed with +great velocity through a broken rocky channel. Having searched +for a part where the current was most smooth, the canoe was +placed in the water at the head of a rapid, and St. Germain, Solomon +Belanger, and I, embarked in order to cross. We went from the +shore very well, but in mid-channel the canoe became difficult to +manage under our burden as the breeze was fresh. The current +drove us to the edge of the rapid, when Belanger unfortunately +applied his paddle to avert the apparent danger of being forced +down it, and lost his balance. The canoe was overset in con-sequence +in the middle of the rapid. We fortunately kept hold of +it, until we touched a rock where the water did not reach higher +than our waists; here we kept our footing, notwithstanding the +strength of the current, until the water was emptied out of the +canoe. Belanger then held the canoe steady whilst St. Germain +placed me in it, and afterwards embarked himself in a very dexterous +manner. It was impossible, however, to embark Belanger, +as the canoe would have been hurried down the rapid, the moment +he should have raised his foot from the rock on which he stood. +We were, therefore, compelled to leave him in his perilous situation. +We had not gone twenty yards before the canoe, striking on a +sunken rock, went down. The place being shallow, we were again +enabled to empty it, and the third attempt brought us to the shore. +In the mean time Belanger was suffering extremely, immersed to +his middle in the centre of a rapid, the temperature of which was +very little above the freezing point, and the upper part of his body +covered with wet clothes, exposed in a temperature not much above +zero, to a strong breeze. He called piteously for relief, and +St. Germain on his return endeavoured to embark him, but in vain. +The canoe was hurried down the rapid, and when he landed he was +rendered by the cold incapable of further exertion, and Adam at-tempted +to embark Belanger, but found it impossible. An attempt +was next made to carry out to him a line, made of the slings of the +men's loads. This also failed, the current acting so strongly upon +it, as to prevent the canoe from steering, and it was finally broken +and carried down the stream. At length, when Belanger's strength +seemed almost exhausted, the canoe reached him with a small cord +belonging to one of the nets, and he was dragged perfectly senseless +through the rapid. By the direction of Dr. Richardson, he was +instantly stripped, and being rolled up in blankets, two men un-dressed +themselves and went to bed with him; but it was some +hours before he recovered his warmth and sensations. As soon as +Belanger was placed in his bed, the officers immediately sent over +my blankets, and a person to make a fire. Augustus brought the +canoe over, and in returning he was obliged to descend both the +rapids, before he could get across the stream; which hazardous +service he performed with the greatest coolness and judgment. It +is impossible to describe my sensations as I witnessed the various +unsuccessful attempts to relieve Belanger. The distance prevented +my seeing distinctly what was going on, and I continued pacing up +and down upon the rock on which I landed, regardless of the +coldness of my drenched and stiffening garments. The canoe, in +every attempt to reach him, was hurried down the rapid, and was +lost to the view amongst the rocky islets, with a rapidity that +seemed to threaten certain destruction; once, indeed, I fancied that +I saw it overwhelmed in the waves. Such an event would have +been fatal to the whole party. Separated as I was from my com-panions, +without gun, ammunition, hatchet, or the means of making +a fire, and in wet clothes, my doom would have been speedily sealed. +My companions too, driven to the necessity of coasting the lake, +must have sunk under the fatigue of rounding its innumerable arms +and bays, which, as we have learned from the Indians, are very +extensive. By the goodness of Providence, however, we were spared +at that time, and some of us have been permitted to offer up our +thanksgivings, in a civilized land, for the signal deliverances we then +and afterwards experienced. + + + + + diff --git a/examples/fo/pagination/franklin_alt.fo b/examples/fo/pagination/franklin_alt.fo new file mode 100644 index 000000000..dd3267964 --- /dev/null +++ b/examples/fo/pagination/franklin_alt.fo @@ -0,0 +1,1053 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + John Franklin - Journey to the Shores of the Polar Sea + + + + + + p. + + + + + + + +Journey across the barren Grounds - Difficulty and delay in crossing Copper-Mine River - +Melancholy and fatal Results thereof - Extreme Misery of the whole Party - Murder of +Mr. Hood - Death of several of the Canadians - Desolate State of Fort Enterprise - +Distress suffered at that Place - Dr. Richardson's Narrative - Mr. Back's Narrative - +Conclusion. + + + 1821. August 17. + + + + +MY original intention, whenever the season should +compel us to relinquish the survey, had been to return by the way +of the Copper-Mine River, and in pursuance of my arrangement +with the Hook to travel to Slave Lake through the line of woods +extending thither by the Great Bear and Marten Lakes, but our +scanty stock of provision and the length of the voyage rendered it +necessary to make for a nearer place. We had already found that +the country, between Cape Barrow and the Copper-Mine River, +would not supply our wants, and this it seemed probable would now +be still more the case ; besides, at this advanced season, we expected +the frequent recurrence of gales, which would cause great detention, +if not danger in proceeding along that very rocky part of the coast. +I determined, therefore, to make at once for Arctic Sound, where +we had found the animals more numerous than at any other place ; +and entering Hood's River, to advance up that stream as far as it +was navigable, and then to construct small canoes out of the +materials of the larger ones, which could be carried in crossing the +barren grounds to Fort Enterprise. + + + August 19. + + + + +We were almost beaten out of our comfortless abodes +by rain during the night, and this morning the gale continued +without diminution. The thermometer fell to 33 deg. Two men were +sent with Junius to search for the deer which Augustus had killed. +Junius returned in the evening bringing part of the meat, but owing +to the thickness of the weather, his companions parted from him +and did not make their appearance. Divine service was read. On +the 20th we were presented with the most chilling prospect, the +small pools of water being frozen over, the ground being covered +with snow, and the thermometer at the freezing point at mid-day. +Flights of geese were passing to the southward. The wind however +was more moderate, having changed to the eastward. Considerable +anxiety prevailing respecting Belanger and Michel, the two men +who strayed from Junius yesterday, the rest were sent out to look +for them. The search was successful, and they all returned in the +evening. The stragglers were much fatigued, and had suffered +severely from the cold, one of them having his thighs frozen, and +what under our present circumstances was most grievous, they had +thrown away all the meat. The wind during the night returned to +the north-west quarter, blew more violently than ever, and raised a +very turbulent sea. The next day did not improve our condition, +the snow remained on the ground, and the small pools were frozen. +Our hunters were sent out, but they returned after a fatiguing +day's march without having seen any animals. We made a scanty +meal off a handful of pemmican, after which only half a bag +remained. + + + + +The wind abated after midnight, and the surf diminished rapidly, +which caused us to be on the alert at a very early hour on the 22d, +but we had to wait until six A.M. for the return of Augustus who +had continued out all night on an unsuccessful pursuit of deer. +It appears that he had walked a few miles farther along the coast, +than the party had done on the 18th, and from a sketch he drew on +the sand, we were confirmed in our former opinion that the shore +inclined more to the eastward beyond Point Turnagain. He also +drew a river of considerable size, that discharges its waters into +Walker's Bay; on the banks of which stream he saw a piece of +wood, such as the Esquimaux use in producing fire, and other marks +so fresh that he supposed they had recently visited the spot. We +therefore left several iron materials for them. Our men, cheered by +the prospect of returning, embarked with the utmost alacrity; and, +paddling with unusual vigour, carried us across Riley's and Walker's +Bays, a distance of twenty miles before noon, when we landed on +Slate-Clay Point, as the wind had freshened too much to permit us +to continue the voyage. The whole party went to hunt, but returned +without success in the evening, drenched with the heavy rain which +commenced soon after they had set out. Several deer were seen, +but could not be approached in this naked country; and as our +stock of pemmican did not admit of serving out two meals, we went +dinnerless to bed. + + + + +Soon after our departure to-day, a sealed tin-case, sufficiently +buoyant to float, was thrown overboard, containing a short account of +our proceedings, and the position of the most conspicuous points. +The wind blew off the land, the water was smooth, and as the sea +is in this part more free from islands than in any other, there was +every probability of its being driven off the shore into the current ; +which, as I have before mentioned, we suppose, from the circumstance +of Mackenzie's River being the only known stream that +brings down the wood we have found along the shores, to set to the +eastward. + + + August 23. + + + + +A severe frost caused us to pass a comfortless night. +At two P.M. we set sail, and the men voluntarily launched out to +make a traverse of fifteen miles across Melville Sound, before a +strong wind and heavy sea. The privation of food, under which +our voyagers were then labouring, absorbed every other terror; +otherwise the most powerful persuasion could not have induced +them to attempt such a traverse. It was with the utmost difficulty +that the canoes were kept from turning their broadsides to the +waves, though we sometimes steered with all the paddles. One of +them narrowly escaped being overset by this accident, happening +in mid-channel, where the waves were so high that the mast-head +of our canoe was often hid from the other, though it was sailing +within hail. The annexed plate, from Mr. Back's sketch, will convey +to the reader an accurate idea of the peril of our situation. + + + + +The traverse, however, was made;we were then near a high +rocky lee shore, on which a heavy surf was beating. The wind +being on the beam, the canoes drifted fast to leeward; and, on +rounding a point, the recoil of the sea from the rocks was so great +that they were with difficulty kept from foundering. We looked in +vain for a sheltered bay to land in ; but, at length, being unable to +weather another point, we were obliged to put ashore on the open +beach, which, fortunately, was sandy at this spot. The debarkation +was effected in the manner represented in the plate; and, fortunately, +without further injury than the splitting of the head of +the second canoe, which was easily repaired. + + + + +Our encampment being near to the place where we killed the deer +on the 11th, almost the whole party went out to hunt, but they +returned in the evening without having seen any game. The +berries, however, were ripe and plentiful, and, with the addition +of some country tea, furnished a supper. There were some showers +in the afternoon,and the weather was cold, the thermometer +being 42 deg, but the evening and night were calm and fine. It may be +remarked that the mosquitoes disappeared when the late gales +commenced. + + + August 25. + + + + +Embarking at three A. M., we stretched across +the eastern entrance of Bathurst's Inlet, and arrived at an island, +which I have named after Colonel Barry, of Newton Barry. Some +deer being seen on the beach, the hunters went in pursuit of +them, and succeeded in killing three females, which enabled us to +save our last remaining meal of pemmican. They saw also some +fresh tracks of musk oxen on the banks of a small stream, which +flowed into a lake in the centre of the island. These animals must +have crossed a channel, at least, three miles wide, to reach the nearest +of these islands. Some specimens of variegated pebbles and jasper +were found here imbedded in the amygdaloidal rock. + + + + +Re-embarking at two P.M., and continuing through what was +supposed to be a channel between two islands, we found our passage +barred by a gravelly isthmus of only ten yards in width ; the canoes +and cargoes were carried across it, and we passed into Bathurst's Inlet +through another similar channel, bounded on both sides by steep +rocky hills. The wind then changing from S.E. to N.W. brought +heavy rain, and we encamped at seven P.M., having advanced +eighteen miles. + + + + +Starting this morning with a fresh breeze in our favour, +we soon reached that part of Barry's Island where the canoes were +detained on the 2d and 3rd of this month, and contrary to what we +then experienced, the deer were now plentiful. The hunters killed +two, and we were relieved from all apprehension of an immediate +want of food. One would suppose the deer were about to retire to +the main shore from their assembling at this time in such numbers +on the islands nearest to the coast. Those we saw were generally +females with their young, and all of them very lean. + + + + +The wind continued in the same direction until we had rounded +Point Wollaston, and then changed to a quarter, which enabled us +to steer for Hood's River, which we ascended as high as the first +rapid and encamped. Here terminated our voyage on the Arctic +sea, during which we had gone over six hundred and fifty geographical +miles. Our Canadian voyagers could not restrain their expressions +of joy at having turned their backs on the sea, and +they passed the evening talking over their past adventures with +much humour and no little exaggeration. The consideration that +the most painful, and certainly the most hazardous, part of the +journey was yet to come, did not depress their spirits at all. It is +due to their character to mention that they displayed much courage +in encountering the dangers of the sea, magnified to them by their +novelty. + + + + +The shores between Cape Barrow and Cape Flinders, including +the extensive branches of Arctic and Melville Sounds, and Bathurst's +Inlet, may be comprehended in one great gulf, which I have distinguished +by the appellation of George IV.'s Coronation Gulf, in +honour of His Most Gracious Majesty, the latter name being added +to mark the time of its discovery. The Archipelago of islands which +fringe the coast from Copper-Mine River to Point Turnagain, I have +named in honour of His Royal Highness the Duke of York. + + + + +It may be deserving of notice that the extremes in temperature +of the sea water during our voyage were 53 deg and 35 deg, but its general +temperature was between 43 deg and 48 deg. Throughout our return from +Point Turnagain we observed that the sea had risen several feet +above marks left at our former encampments. This may, perhaps, +be attributed to the north-west gales. + + + August 26. + + + + +Previous to our departure this morning, an assortment +of iron materials, beads, looking-glasses, and other articles +were put up in a conspicuous situation for the Esquimaux, and the +English Union was planted on the loftiest sand-hill, where it might +be seen by any ships passing in the offing. Here also, was deposited +in a tin bow a letter containing an outline of our proceedings, the +latitude and longitude of the principal places, and the course we +intended to pursue towards Slave Lake. + + + + +Embarking at eight A.M. we proceeded up the river, which is full +of sandy shoals, but sufficiently deep for canoes in the channels. It is +from one hundred to two hundred yards wide, and is bounded by high +and steep banks of clay. We encamped at a cascade of eighteen or +twenty feet high, which is produced by a ridge of rock crossing the +river, and the nets were set. A mile below this cascade Hood's +River is joined by a stream half its own size, which I have called +James' Branch. Bear and deer tracks had been numerous on the +banks of the river when we were here before, but not a single recent +one was to be seen at this time. Credit, however, killed a small +deer at some distance inland, which, with the addition of berries, +furnished a delightful repast this evening. The weather was remarkably +fine, and the temperature so mild, that the mosquitoes again +made their appearance, but not in any great numbers. Our distance +made to-day was not more than six miles. + + + + +The next morning the net furnished us with ten white fish +and trout. Having made a further deposit of iron work for the +Esquimaux we pursued our voyage up the river, but the shoals and +rapids in this part were so frequent, that we walked along the banks +the whole day, and the crews laboured hard in carrying the canoes +thus lightened over the shoals or dragging them up the rapids, yet +our journey in a direct line was only about seven miles. In the +evening we encamped at the lower end of a narrow chasm through +which the river flows for upwards of a mile. The walls of this +chasm are upwards of two hundred feet high, quite perpendicular, +and in some places only a few yards apart. The river precipitates +itself into it over a rock, forming two magnificent and picturesque +falls close to each other. The upper fall is about sixty feet high, and +the lower one at least one hundred, but perhaps considerably more, +for the narrowness of the chasm into which it fell prevented us from +seeing its bottom, and we could merely discern the top of the spray +far beneath our feet. The lower fall is divided into two, by an +insulated column of rock which rises about forty feet above it. The +whole descent of the river at this place probably exceeds two +hundred and fifty feet. The rock is very fine felspathose sandstone. +It has a smooth surface and a light red colour. I have named these +magnificent cascades Wilberforce Falls, as a tribute of my respect +for that distinguished philanthropist and Christian. Messrs. Back and +Hood took beautiful sketches of this majestic scene, which are +combined in the annexed plate. + + + + +The river being surveyed from the summit of a hill, above these +falls, appeared so rapid and shallow, that it seemed useless to +attempt proceeding any farther in the large canoes. I therefore +determined on constructing out of their materials two smaller ones +of sufficient size to contain three persons, for the purpose of crossing +any river that might obstruct our progress. This operation was +accordingly commenced, and by the 31st both the canoes being +finished, we prepared for our departure on the following day. + + + + +The leather which had been preserved for making shoes was +equally divided among the men, two pairs of flannel socks were given +to each person, and such articles of warm clothing as remained, were +issued to those who most required them. They were also furnished +with one of the officers' tents. This being done, I communicated to +the men my intention of proceeding in as direct a course as possible +to the part of Point Lake, opposite to our spring encampment +which was only distant one hundred and forty-nine miles in a +straight line. They received the communication cheerfully, considered +the journey to be short, and left me, in high spirits, to +arrange their own packages. The stores, books, &c., which were not +absolutely necessary to be carried, were then put up in boxes to be +left en cache here, in order that the men's burdens might be as light +as possible. + + + + +The next morning was warm, and very fine. Every one was on +the alert at an early hour, being anxious to commence the journey. +Our luggage consisted of ammunition, nets, hatchets, ice chisels, +astronomical instruments, clothing, blankets, three kettles, and +the two canoes, which were each carried by one man. The +officers carried such a portion of their own things as their strength +would permit;the weight carried by each man was about ninety +pounds, and with this we advanced at the rate of about a mile an +hour, including rests. In the evening the hunters killed a lean cow, +out of a large drove of musk-oxen; but the men were too much +laden to carry more than a small portion of its flesh. The alluvial +soil, which towards the mouth of the river spreads into plains, +covered with grass and willows, was now giving place to a more +barren and hilly country; so that we could but just collect sufficient +brush wood to cook our suppers. The part of the river we skirted +to-day was shallow, and flowed over a bed of sand ; its width about +one hundred and twenty yards. About midnight our tent was blown +down by a squall, and we were completely drenched with rain before +it could be re-pitched. + + + + +In the morning of the 1st of September a fall of snow took +place; the canoes became a cause of delay, by the difficulty of +carrying them in a high wind, and they sustained much damage +from the falls of those who had charge of them. The face of the +country was broken by hills of moderate elevation, but the ground +was plentifully strewed with small stones, which, to men bearing +heavy burthens, and whose feet were protected only by soft moose +skin shoes, occasioned great pain. At the end of eleven miles we +encamped, and sent for a musk-ox and a deer, which St. Germain +and Augustus had killed. The day was extremely cold, the ther-mometer +varying between 34 deg and 36 deg. In the afternoon a heavy +fall of snow took place, on the wind changing from north-west to +south-west. We found no wood at the encampment, but made a +fire of moss to cook the supper, and crept under our blankets for +warmth. At sun-rise the thermometer was at 31 deg, and the wind +fresh from north-west; but the weather became mild in the course +of the forenoon, and the snow disappeared from the gravel. The +afternoon was remarkably fine, and the thermometer rose to 50 deg. +One of the hunters killed a musk-ox. The hills in this part are +lower and more round-backed than those we passed yesterday, and +exhibited but little naked rock; they were covered with lichens. + + + + +Having ascertained from the summit of the highest hill near the +tents, that the river continued to preserve a west course; and fear-ing +that by pursuing it further we might lose much time, and un-necessarily +walk over a great deal of ground, I determined on +quitting its banks the next day, and making as directly as we could for +Point Lake. We accordingly followed the river on the 3d, only to +the place where the musk-ox had been killed last evening, and after +the meat was procured, crossed the river in our two canoes lashed +together. We now emerged from the valley of the river, and entered +a level, but very barren, country, varied only by small lakes and +marshes, the ground being covered with small stones. Many old tracks +of rein-deer were seen in the clayey soil, and some more recent +ones of the musk-ox. We encamped on the borders of Wright's +River, which flows to the eastward; the direct distance walked to-day +being ten miles and three-quarters. The next morning was +very fine, and,as the day advanced, the weather became quite +warm. We set out at six A. M., and, having forded the river, +walked over a perfectly level country, interspersed with small lakes, +which communicated with each other, by streams running in various +directions. No berry-bearing plants were found in this part, the +surface of the earth being thinly covered in the moister places with +a few grasses, and on the drier spots with lichens. + + + + +Having walked twelve miles and a half, we encamped at seven P.M., +and distributed our last piece of pemmican, and a little arrow-root +for supper, which afforded but a scanty meal. This evening was +warm, but dark clouds overspread the sky. Our men now began to +find their burdens very oppressive, and were much fatigued by this +day's march, but did not complain. One of them was lame from an +inflammation in the knee. Heavy rain commenced at midnight, and +continued without intermission until five in the morning, when it +was succeeded by snow on the wind changing to north-west, which +soon increased to a violent gale. As we had nothing to eat, and +were destitute of the means of making a fire, we remained in our +beds all the day ; but the covering of our blankets was insufficient to +prevent us from feeling the severity of the frost, and suffering in-convenience +from the drifting of the snow into our tents. There +was no abatement of the storm next day ; our tents were completely +frozen, and the snow had drifted around them to a depth of three +feet, and even in the inside there was a covering of several inches on +our blankets. Our suffering from cold, in a comfortless canvass tent +in such weather, with the temperature at 20 deg, and without fire, +will easily be imagined;it was, however, less than that which we +felt from hunger. + + + + +The morning of the 7th cleared up a little, but the wind was still +strong, and the weather extremely cold. From the unusual con-tinuance +of the storm, we feared the winter had set in with all its +rigour, and that by longer delay we should only be exposed to an +accumulation of difficulties; we therefore prepared for our journey, +although we were in a very unfit condition for starting, being weak +from fasting, and our garments stiffened by the frost. We had no +means of making a fire to thaw them, the moss, at all times difficult +to kindle, being now covered with ice and snow. A considerable +time was consumed in packing up the frozen tents and bed clothes, +the wind blowing so strong that no one could keep his hands long +out of his mittens. + + + + +Just as we were about to commence our march, I was seized with +a fainting fit, in consequence of exhaustion and sudden exposure to +the wind; but after eating a morsel of portable soup, I recovered, so +far as to be able to move on. I was unwilling at first to take this +morsel of soup, which was diminishing the small and only remaining +meal for the party; but several of the men urged me to it, with +much kindness. The ground was covered a foot deep with snow, +the margin of the lakes was incrusted with ice, and the swamps over +which we had to pass were entirely frozen; but the ice not being +sufficiently strong to bear us, we frequently plunged knee-deep in +water. Those who carried the canoes were repeatedly blown down +by the violence of the wind, and they often fell, from making an +insecure step on a slippery stone; on one of these occasions, the +largest canoe was so much broken as to be rendered utterly unser-viceable. +This was felt as a serious disaster, as the remaining canoe +having through mistake been made too small, it was doubtful +whether it would be sufficient to carry us across a river. Indeed +we had found it necessary in crossing Hood's River, to lash the two +canoes together. As there was some suspicion that Benoit, who +carried the canoe, had broken it intentionally, he having on a former +occasion been overheard by some of the men to say, that he would +do so when he got it in charge, we closely examined him on the +point; he roundly denied having used the expressions attributed to +him, and insisted that it was broken by his falling accidentally; and +as he brought men to attest the latter fact, who saw him tumble, we +did not press the matter further. I may here remark that our +people had murmured a good deal at having to carry two canoes, +though they were informed of the necessity of taking both, in case +it should be deemed advisable to divide the party; which it had +been thought probable we should be obliged to do, if animals proved +scarce, in order to give the whole the better chance of procuring +subsistence, and also for the purpose of sending forward some of the +best walkers to search for Indians, and to get them to meet us with +supplies of provision. The power of doing this was now at an end. +As the accident could not be remedied we turned it to the best +account by making a fire of the bark and timbers of the broken +vessel, and cooked the remainder of our portable soup and arrow-root. +This was a scanty meal after three days' fasting, but it served +to allay the pangs of hunger, and enabled us to proceed at a quicker +pace than before. The depth of the snow caused us to march in +Indian file, that is in each other's steps; the voyagers taking it in +turn to lead the party. A distant object was pointed out to this +man in the direction we wished to take, and Mr. Hood followed +immediately behind him, to renew the bearings, and keep him from +deviating more than could be helped from the mark. It may be +here observed, that we proceeded in this manner throughout our +route across the barren grounds. + + + + +In the afternoon we got into a more hilly country, where the +ground was strewed with large stones. The surface of these was +covered with lichens of the genus gyrophora, which the Canadians +term tripe de roche. A considerable quantity was gathered, and +with half a partridge each, (which were shot in the course of the +day,) furnished us with a slender supper, which we cooked with a +few willows, dug up from beneath the snow. We passed a comfortless +night in our damp clothes, but took the precaution of sleeping upon +our socks and shoes to prevent them from freezing. This plan was +afterwards adopted throughout the journey. + + + + +At half past five in the morning we proceeded; and after walking +about two miles, came to Cracroft's River, flowing to the westward, +with a very rapid current over a rocky channel. We had much diffi-culty +in crossing this, the canoe being useless, not only from the bot-tom +of the channel being obstructed by large stones, but also from its +requiring gumming, an operation which, owing to the want of wood +and the frost, we were unable to perform. However, after following +the course of the river some way, we effected a passage by means of a +range of large rocks that crossed a rapid. As the current was strong, +and many of the rocks were covered with water to the depth of two +or three feet, the men were exposed to much danger in carrying their +heavy burthens across, and several of them actually slipped into the +stream, but were immediately rescued by the others. Junius went +farther up the river in search of a better crossing place, and did not +rejoin us to-day. As several of the party were drenched from head to +foot, and we were all wet to the middle, our clothes became stiff with +the frost, and we walked with much pain for the remainder of the day. +The march was continued to a late hour, being anxious to rejoin the +hunters who had gone before, but we were obliged to encamp at the +end of ten miles and a quarter, without seeing them. Our only +meal to-day consisted of a partridge each, (which the hunters shot,) +mixed with tripe de roche. This repast although scanty for men, +with appetites such as our daily fatigue created, proved a cheerful +one, and was received with thankfulness. Most of the men had to +sleep in the open air, in consequence of the absence of Credit, who +carried their tent; but we fortunately found an unusual quantity of +roots to make a fire, which prevented their suffering much from the +cold, though the thermometer was at 17 deg. + + + + +We started at six on the 9th, and at the end of two miles re-gained +our hunters, who were halting on the borders of a lake amidst +a clump of stunted willows. This lake stretched to the westward as +far as we could see, and its waters were discharged by a rapid stream +one hundred and fifty yards wide. Being entirely ignorant where +we might be led by pursuing the course of the lake, and dreading +the idea of going a mile unnecessarily out of the way, we deter-mined +on crossing the river if possible; and the canoe was gummed +for the purpose, the willows furnishing us with fire. But we had to +await the return of Junius before we could make the traverse. In +the mean time we gathered a little tripe de roche, and breakfasted +upon it and a few partridges that were killed in the morning. +St. Germain and Adam were sent upon some recent tracks of deer. +Junius arrived in the afternoon, and informed us that he had seen +a large herd of musk-oxen on the banks of Cracroft's River, and had +wounded one of them, but it had escaped. He brought about four +pounds of meat, the remains of a deer that had been devoured by +the wolves. The poor fellow was much fatigued, having walked +throughout the night, but as the weather was particularly favourable +for our crossing the river, we could not allow him to rest. After he +had taken some refreshment we proceeded to the river. The canoe +being put into the water was found extremely ticklish, but it was +managed with much dexterity by St. Germain, Adam, and Peltier, +who ferried over one passenger at a time, causing him to lie flat in its +bottom, by no means a pleasant position, owing to its leakiness, but +there was no alternative. The transport of the whole party was +effected by five o'clock, and we walked about two miles further, and +encamped, having come five miles and three quarters on a south-west +course. Two young alpine hares were shot by St. Germain, which, +with the small piece of meat brought in by Junius, furnished the +supper of the whole party. There was no tripe de roche here. The +country had now become decidedly hilly, and was covered with snow. +The lake preserved its western direction, as far as I could see from +the summit of the highest mountain near the encampment. We +subsequently learned from the Copper Indians, that the part at +which we had crossed the river was the Congecatha-wha-chaga of +Hearne, of which I had little idea at the time, not only from the +difference of latitude, but also from its being so much farther east of +the mouth of the Copper-Mine River, than his track is laid down. +He only making one degree and three quarters difference of lon-gitude, +and we, upwards of four. Had I been aware of the fact, +several days harassing march, and a disastrous accident would have +been prevented by keeping on the western side of the lake, instead +of crossing the river. We were informed also, that this river is +the Anatessy or River of Strangers, and is supposed to fall into +Bathurst's Inlet; but although the Indians have visited its mouth, +their description was not sufficient to identify it with any of the +rivers whose mouths we had seen. It probably falls in that part of +the coast which was hid from our view by Goulburn's or Elliot's +Islands. + + + September 10. + + + + +We had a cold north wind, and the atmosphere +was foggy. The thermometer 18 deg at five A.M. In the course of +our march this morning, we passed many small lakes; and the +ground becoming higher and more hilly as we receded from the +river, was covered to a much greater depth with snow. This ren-dered +walking not only extremely laborious, but also hazardous in +the highest degree;for the sides of the hills, as is usual throughout +the barren grounds, abounding in accumulations of large angular +stones, it often happened that the men fell into the interstices +with their loads on their backs, being deceived by the smooth +appearance of the drifted snow. If any one had broken a limb +here, his fate would have been melancholy indeed; we could neither +have remained with him, nor carried him on. We halted at ten to +gather tripe de roche,but it was so frozen, that we were quite +benumbed with cold before a sufficiency could be collected even for +a scanty meal. On proceeding our men were somewhat cheered, by +observing on the sandy summit of a hill, from whence the snow had +been blown, the summer track of a man; and afterwards by seeing +several deer tracks on the snow. About noon the weather cleared +up a little, and, to our great joy, we saw a herd of musk-oxen +grazing in a valley below us. The party instantly halted, and the +best hunters were sent out; they approached the animals with the +utmost caution, no less than two hours being consumed before they +got within gun-shot. In the mean time we beheld their proceed-ings +with extreme anxiety, and many secret prayers were, doubtless, +offered up for their success. At length they opened their fire, and +we had the satisfaction of seeing one of the largest cows fall; another +was wounded, but escaped. This success infused spirit into our +starving party. To skin and cut up the animal was the work of a +few minutes. The contents of its stomach were devoured upon +the spot, and the raw intestines, which were next attacked, were +pronounced by the most delicate amongst us to be excellent. A few +willows, whose tops were seen peeping through the snow in the bottom +of the valley, were quickly grubbed, the tents pitched, and supper +cooked, and devoured with avidity. This was the sixth day since we +had had a good meal. The tripe de roche, even where we got +enough, only serving to allay the pangs of hunger for a short time. +After supper, two of the hunters went in pursuit of the herd, but +could not get near them. + + + + +We were detained all the next day by a strong southerly wind, +and were much incommoded in the tents by the drift snow. The +temperature was 20 deg. The average for the last ten days about +24.5 deg. We restricted ourselves to one meal to-day as we were at +rest, and there was only meat remaining sufficient for the next day. + + + + +The gale had not diminished on the 12th, and, as we were +fearful of its continuance for some time, we determined on going +forward; our only doubt regarded the preservation of the canoe, +but the men promised to pay particular attention to it, and the +most careful persons were appointed to take it in charge. The snow +was two feet deep, and the ground much broken, which rendered +the march extremely painful. The whole party complained more of +faintness and weakness than they had ever done before; their +strength seemed to have been impaired by the recent supply of +animal food. In the afternoon the wind abated, and the snow ceased; +cheered with the change we proceeded forward at a quicker pace, +and encamped at six P. M., having come eleven miles. Our supper +consumed the last of our meat. + + + + +We set out on the 13th, in thick hazy weather, and, after an hour's +march, had the extreme mortification to find ourselves on the +borders of a large lake, which we subsequently learned from the +Indians was named Contwoy-to, or Rum Lake; neither of its extre- +mities could be seen, and as the portion which lay to the east +seemed the widest, we coasted along to the westward portion in +search of a crossing-place. This lake being bounded by steep and +lofty hills, our march was very fatiguing. Those sides which were +exposed to the sun, were free from snow, and we found upon them +some excellent berries. We encamped at six P. M., having come +only six miles and a half. Credit was then missing, and he did not +return during the night. We supped off a single partridge and +some tripe de roche;this unpalatable weed was now quite nau-seous +to the whole party, and in several it produced bowel com-plaints. +Mr. Hood was the greatest sufferer from this cause. This +evening we were extremely distressed, at discovering that our im-provident +companions,since we left Hood's River, had thrown +away three of the fishing-nets, and burnt the floats ; they knew we +had brought them to procure subsistence for the party, when the +animals should fail, and we could scarcely believe the fact of their +having wilfully deprived themselves of this resource, especially +when we considered that most of them had passed the greater part of +their servitude in situations where the nets alone had supplied them +with food. Being thus deprived of our principal resource, that of +fishing, and the men evidently getting weaker every day, it became +necessary to lighten their burthens of every thing except ammunition, +clothing, and the instruments that were required to find our +way. I, therefore, issued directions to deposit at this encampment +the dipping needle, azimuth compass, magnet, a large thermometer, +and a few books we had carried, having torn out of these such parts +as we should require to work the observations for latitude and +longitude. I also promised,as an excitement to the efforts in +hunting, my gun to St. Germain, and an ample compensation to +Adam, or any of the other men who should kill any animals. +Mr. Hood, on this occasion, lent his gun to Michel, the Iroquois, +who was very eager in the chase, and often successful. + + + September 14. + + + + +This morning the officers being assembled round +a small fire, Perrault presented each of us with a small piece of meat +which he had saved from his allowance. It was received with great +thankfulness, and such an act of self-denial and kindness, being +totally unexpected in a Canadian voyager, filled our eyes with tears. +In directing our course to a river issuing from the lake, we met +Credit, who communicated the joyful intelligence of his having +killed two deer in the morning. We instantly halted, and having +shared the deer that was nearest to us, prepared breakfast. After +which, the other deer was sent for, and we went down to the river, +which was about three hundred yards wide, and flowed with +great velocity through a broken rocky channel. Having searched +for a part where the current was most smooth, the canoe was +placed in the water at the head of a rapid, and St. Germain, Solomon +Belanger, and I, embarked in order to cross. We went from the +shore very well, but in mid-channel the canoe became difficult to +manage under our burden as the breeze was fresh. The current +drove us to the edge of the rapid, when Belanger unfortunately +applied his paddle to avert the apparent danger of being forced +down it, and lost his balance. The canoe was overset in con-sequence +in the middle of the rapid. We fortunately kept hold of +it, until we touched a rock where the water did not reach higher +than our waists; here we kept our footing, notwithstanding the +strength of the current, until the water was emptied out of the +canoe. Belanger then held the canoe steady whilst St. Germain +placed me in it, and afterwards embarked himself in a very dexterous +manner. It was impossible, however, to embark Belanger, +as the canoe would have been hurried down the rapid, the moment +he should have raised his foot from the rock on which he stood. +We were, therefore, compelled to leave him in his perilous situation. +We had not gone twenty yards before the canoe, striking on a +sunken rock, went down. The place being shallow, we were again +enabled to empty it, and the third attempt brought us to the shore. +In the mean time Belanger was suffering extremely, immersed to +his middle in the centre of a rapid, the temperature of which was +very little above the freezing point, and the upper part of his body +covered with wet clothes, exposed in a temperature not much above +zero, to a strong breeze. He called piteously for relief, and +St. Germain on his return endeavoured to embark him, but in vain. +The canoe was hurried down the rapid, and when he landed he was +rendered by the cold incapable of further exertion, and Adam at-tempted +to embark Belanger, but found it impossible. An attempt +was next made to carry out to him a line, made of the slings of the +men's loads. This also failed, the current acting so strongly upon +it, as to prevent the canoe from steering, and it was finally broken +and carried down the stream. At length, when Belanger's strength +seemed almost exhausted, the canoe reached him with a small cord +belonging to one of the nets, and he was dragged perfectly senseless +through the rapid. By the direction of Dr. Richardson, he was +instantly stripped, and being rolled up in blankets, two men un-dressed +themselves and went to bed with him; but it was some +hours before he recovered his warmth and sensations. As soon as +Belanger was placed in his bed, the officers immediately sent over +my blankets, and a person to make a fire. Augustus brought the +canoe over, and in returning he was obliged to descend both the +rapids, before he could get across the stream; which hazardous +service he performed with the greatest coolness and judgment. It +is impossible to describe my sensations as I witnessed the various +unsuccessful attempts to relieve Belanger. The distance prevented +my seeing distinctly what was going on, and I continued pacing up +and down upon the rock on which I landed, regardless of the +coldness of my drenched and stiffening garments. The canoe, in +every attempt to reach him, was hurried down the rapid, and was +lost to the view amongst the rocky islets, with a rapidity that +seemed to threaten certain destruction; once, indeed, I fancied that +I saw it overwhelmed in the waves. Such an event would have +been fatal to the whole party. Separated as I was from my com-panions, +without gun, ammunition, hatchet, or the means of making +a fire, and in wet clothes, my doom would have been speedily sealed. +My companions too, driven to the necessity of coasting the lake, +must have sunk under the fatigue of rounding its innumerable arms +and bays, which, as we have learned from the Indians, are very +extensive. By the goodness of Providence, however, we were spared +at that time, and some of us have been permitted to offer up our +thanksgivings, in a civilized land, for the signal deliverances we then +and afterwards experienced. + + + + + diff --git a/examples/fo/pagination/franklin_rep.fo b/examples/fo/pagination/franklin_rep.fo new file mode 100644 index 000000000..48f9b1194 --- /dev/null +++ b/examples/fo/pagination/franklin_rep.fo @@ -0,0 +1,1022 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + John Franklin - Journey to the Shores of the Polar Sea + + + + + + p. + + + + + + + +Journey across the barren Grounds - Difficulty and delay in crossing Copper-Mine River - +Melancholy and fatal Results thereof - Extreme Misery of the whole Party - Murder of +Mr. Hood - Death of several of the Canadians - Desolate State of Fort Enterprise - +Distress suffered at that Place - Dr. Richardson's Narrative - Mr. Back's Narrative - +Conclusion. + + + 1821. August 17. + + + + +MY original intention, whenever the season should +compel us to relinquish the survey, had been to return by the way +of the Copper-Mine River, and in pursuance of my arrangement +with the Hook to travel to Slave Lake through the line of woods +extending thither by the Great Bear and Marten Lakes, but our +scanty stock of provision and the length of the voyage rendered it +necessary to make for a nearer place. We had already found that +the country, between Cape Barrow and the Copper-Mine River, +would not supply our wants, and this it seemed probable would now +be still more the case ; besides, at this advanced season, we expected +the frequent recurrence of gales, which would cause great detention, +if not danger in proceeding along that very rocky part of the coast. +I determined, therefore, to make at once for Arctic Sound, where +we had found the animals more numerous than at any other place ; +and entering Hood's River, to advance up that stream as far as it +was navigable, and then to construct small canoes out of the +materials of the larger ones, which could be carried in crossing the +barren grounds to Fort Enterprise. + + + August 19. + + + + +We were almost beaten out of our comfortless abodes +by rain during the night, and this morning the gale continued +without diminution. The thermometer fell to 33 deg. Two men were +sent with Junius to search for the deer which Augustus had killed. +Junius returned in the evening bringing part of the meat, but owing +to the thickness of the weather, his companions parted from him +and did not make their appearance. Divine service was read. On +the 20th we were presented with the most chilling prospect, the +small pools of water being frozen over, the ground being covered +with snow, and the thermometer at the freezing point at mid-day. +Flights of geese were passing to the southward. The wind however +was more moderate, having changed to the eastward. Considerable +anxiety prevailing respecting Belanger and Michel, the two men +who strayed from Junius yesterday, the rest were sent out to look +for them. The search was successful, and they all returned in the +evening. The stragglers were much fatigued, and had suffered +severely from the cold, one of them having his thighs frozen, and +what under our present circumstances was most grievous, they had +thrown away all the meat. The wind during the night returned to +the north-west quarter, blew more violently than ever, and raised a +very turbulent sea. The next day did not improve our condition, +the snow remained on the ground, and the small pools were frozen. +Our hunters were sent out, but they returned after a fatiguing +day's march without having seen any animals. We made a scanty +meal off a handful of pemmican, after which only half a bag +remained. + + + + +The wind abated after midnight, and the surf diminished rapidly, +which caused us to be on the alert at a very early hour on the 22d, +but we had to wait until six A.M. for the return of Augustus who +had continued out all night on an unsuccessful pursuit of deer. +It appears that he had walked a few miles farther along the coast, +than the party had done on the 18th, and from a sketch he drew on +the sand, we were confirmed in our former opinion that the shore +inclined more to the eastward beyond Point Turnagain. He also +drew a river of considerable size, that discharges its waters into +Walker's Bay; on the banks of which stream he saw a piece of +wood, such as the Esquimaux use in producing fire, and other marks +so fresh that he supposed they had recently visited the spot. We +therefore left several iron materials for them. Our men, cheered by +the prospect of returning, embarked with the utmost alacrity; and, +paddling with unusual vigour, carried us across Riley's and Walker's +Bays, a distance of twenty miles before noon, when we landed on +Slate-Clay Point, as the wind had freshened too much to permit us +to continue the voyage. The whole party went to hunt, but returned +without success in the evening, drenched with the heavy rain which +commenced soon after they had set out. Several deer were seen, +but could not be approached in this naked country; and as our +stock of pemmican did not admit of serving out two meals, we went +dinnerless to bed. + + + + +Soon after our departure to-day, a sealed tin-case, sufficiently +buoyant to float, was thrown overboard, containing a short account of +our proceedings, and the position of the most conspicuous points. +The wind blew off the land, the water was smooth, and as the sea +is in this part more free from islands than in any other, there was +every probability of its being driven off the shore into the current ; +which, as I have before mentioned, we suppose, from the circumstance +of Mackenzie's River being the only known stream that +brings down the wood we have found along the shores, to set to the +eastward. + + + August 23. + + + + +A severe frost caused us to pass a comfortless night. +At two P.M. we set sail, and the men voluntarily launched out to +make a traverse of fifteen miles across Melville Sound, before a +strong wind and heavy sea. The privation of food, under which +our voyagers were then labouring, absorbed every other terror; +otherwise the most powerful persuasion could not have induced +them to attempt such a traverse. It was with the utmost difficulty +that the canoes were kept from turning their broadsides to the +waves, though we sometimes steered with all the paddles. One of +them narrowly escaped being overset by this accident, happening +in mid-channel, where the waves were so high that the mast-head +of our canoe was often hid from the other, though it was sailing +within hail. The annexed plate, from Mr. Back's sketch, will convey +to the reader an accurate idea of the peril of our situation. + + + + +The traverse, however, was made;we were then near a high +rocky lee shore, on which a heavy surf was beating. The wind +being on the beam, the canoes drifted fast to leeward; and, on +rounding a point, the recoil of the sea from the rocks was so great +that they were with difficulty kept from foundering. We looked in +vain for a sheltered bay to land in ; but, at length, being unable to +weather another point, we were obliged to put ashore on the open +beach, which, fortunately, was sandy at this spot. The debarkation +was effected in the manner represented in the plate; and, fortunately, +without further injury than the splitting of the head of +the second canoe, which was easily repaired. + + + + +Our encampment being near to the place where we killed the deer +on the 11th, almost the whole party went out to hunt, but they +returned in the evening without having seen any game. The +berries, however, were ripe and plentiful, and, with the addition +of some country tea, furnished a supper. There were some showers +in the afternoon,and the weather was cold, the thermometer +being 42 deg, but the evening and night were calm and fine. It may be +remarked that the mosquitoes disappeared when the late gales +commenced. + + + August 25. + + + + +Embarking at three A. M., we stretched across +the eastern entrance of Bathurst's Inlet, and arrived at an island, +which I have named after Colonel Barry, of Newton Barry. Some +deer being seen on the beach, the hunters went in pursuit of +them, and succeeded in killing three females, which enabled us to +save our last remaining meal of pemmican. They saw also some +fresh tracks of musk oxen on the banks of a small stream, which +flowed into a lake in the centre of the island. These animals must +have crossed a channel, at least, three miles wide, to reach the nearest +of these islands. Some specimens of variegated pebbles and jasper +were found here imbedded in the amygdaloidal rock. + + + + +Re-embarking at two P.M., and continuing through what was +supposed to be a channel between two islands, we found our passage +barred by a gravelly isthmus of only ten yards in width ; the canoes +and cargoes were carried across it, and we passed into Bathurst's Inlet +through another similar channel, bounded on both sides by steep +rocky hills. The wind then changing from S.E. to N.W. brought +heavy rain, and we encamped at seven P.M., having advanced +eighteen miles. + + + + +Starting this morning with a fresh breeze in our favour, +we soon reached that part of Barry's Island where the canoes were +detained on the 2d and 3rd of this month, and contrary to what we +then experienced, the deer were now plentiful. The hunters killed +two, and we were relieved from all apprehension of an immediate +want of food. One would suppose the deer were about to retire to +the main shore from their assembling at this time in such numbers +on the islands nearest to the coast. Those we saw were generally +females with their young, and all of them very lean. + + + + +The wind continued in the same direction until we had rounded +Point Wollaston, and then changed to a quarter, which enabled us +to steer for Hood's River, which we ascended as high as the first +rapid and encamped. Here terminated our voyage on the Arctic +sea, during which we had gone over six hundred and fifty geographical +miles. Our Canadian voyagers could not restrain their expressions +of joy at having turned their backs on the sea, and +they passed the evening talking over their past adventures with +much humour and no little exaggeration. The consideration that +the most painful, and certainly the most hazardous, part of the +journey was yet to come, did not depress their spirits at all. It is +due to their character to mention that they displayed much courage +in encountering the dangers of the sea, magnified to them by their +novelty. + + + + +The shores between Cape Barrow and Cape Flinders, including +the extensive branches of Arctic and Melville Sounds, and Bathurst's +Inlet, may be comprehended in one great gulf, which I have distinguished +by the appellation of George IV.'s Coronation Gulf, in +honour of His Most Gracious Majesty, the latter name being added +to mark the time of its discovery. The Archipelago of islands which +fringe the coast from Copper-Mine River to Point Turnagain, I have +named in honour of His Royal Highness the Duke of York. + + + + +It may be deserving of notice that the extremes in temperature +of the sea water during our voyage were 53 deg and 35 deg, but its general +temperature was between 43 deg and 48 deg. Throughout our return from +Point Turnagain we observed that the sea had risen several feet +above marks left at our former encampments. This may, perhaps, +be attributed to the north-west gales. + + + August 26. + + + + +Previous to our departure this morning, an assortment +of iron materials, beads, looking-glasses, and other articles +were put up in a conspicuous situation for the Esquimaux, and the +English Union was planted on the loftiest sand-hill, where it might +be seen by any ships passing in the offing. Here also, was deposited +in a tin bow a letter containing an outline of our proceedings, the +latitude and longitude of the principal places, and the course we +intended to pursue towards Slave Lake. + + + + +Embarking at eight A.M. we proceeded up the river, which is full +of sandy shoals, but sufficiently deep for canoes in the channels. It is +from one hundred to two hundred yards wide, and is bounded by high +and steep banks of clay. We encamped at a cascade of eighteen or +twenty feet high, which is produced by a ridge of rock crossing the +river, and the nets were set. A mile below this cascade Hood's +River is joined by a stream half its own size, which I have called +James' Branch. Bear and deer tracks had been numerous on the +banks of the river when we were here before, but not a single recent +one was to be seen at this time. Credit, however, killed a small +deer at some distance inland, which, with the addition of berries, +furnished a delightful repast this evening. The weather was remarkably +fine, and the temperature so mild, that the mosquitoes again +made their appearance, but not in any great numbers. Our distance +made to-day was not more than six miles. + + + + +The next morning the net furnished us with ten white fish +and trout. Having made a further deposit of iron work for the +Esquimaux we pursued our voyage up the river, but the shoals and +rapids in this part were so frequent, that we walked along the banks +the whole day, and the crews laboured hard in carrying the canoes +thus lightened over the shoals or dragging them up the rapids, yet +our journey in a direct line was only about seven miles. In the +evening we encamped at the lower end of a narrow chasm through +which the river flows for upwards of a mile. The walls of this +chasm are upwards of two hundred feet high, quite perpendicular, +and in some places only a few yards apart. The river precipitates +itself into it over a rock, forming two magnificent and picturesque +falls close to each other. The upper fall is about sixty feet high, and +the lower one at least one hundred, but perhaps considerably more, +for the narrowness of the chasm into which it fell prevented us from +seeing its bottom, and we could merely discern the top of the spray +far beneath our feet. The lower fall is divided into two, by an +insulated column of rock which rises about forty feet above it. The +whole descent of the river at this place probably exceeds two +hundred and fifty feet. The rock is very fine felspathose sandstone. +It has a smooth surface and a light red colour. I have named these +magnificent cascades Wilberforce Falls, as a tribute of my respect +for that distinguished philanthropist and Christian. Messrs. Back and +Hood took beautiful sketches of this majestic scene, which are +combined in the annexed plate. + + + + +The river being surveyed from the summit of a hill, above these +falls, appeared so rapid and shallow, that it seemed useless to +attempt proceeding any farther in the large canoes. I therefore +determined on constructing out of their materials two smaller ones +of sufficient size to contain three persons, for the purpose of crossing +any river that might obstruct our progress. This operation was +accordingly commenced, and by the 31st both the canoes being +finished, we prepared for our departure on the following day. + + + + +The leather which had been preserved for making shoes was +equally divided among the men, two pairs of flannel socks were given +to each person, and such articles of warm clothing as remained, were +issued to those who most required them. They were also furnished +with one of the officers' tents. This being done, I communicated to +the men my intention of proceeding in as direct a course as possible +to the part of Point Lake, opposite to our spring encampment +which was only distant one hundred and forty-nine miles in a +straight line. They received the communication cheerfully, considered +the journey to be short, and left me, in high spirits, to +arrange their own packages. The stores, books, &c., which were not +absolutely necessary to be carried, were then put up in boxes to be +left en cache here, in order that the men's burdens might be as light +as possible. + + + + +The next morning was warm, and very fine. Every one was on +the alert at an early hour, being anxious to commence the journey. +Our luggage consisted of ammunition, nets, hatchets, ice chisels, +astronomical instruments, clothing, blankets, three kettles, and +the two canoes, which were each carried by one man. The +officers carried such a portion of their own things as their strength +would permit;the weight carried by each man was about ninety +pounds, and with this we advanced at the rate of about a mile an +hour, including rests. In the evening the hunters killed a lean cow, +out of a large drove of musk-oxen; but the men were too much +laden to carry more than a small portion of its flesh. The alluvial +soil, which towards the mouth of the river spreads into plains, +covered with grass and willows, was now giving place to a more +barren and hilly country; so that we could but just collect sufficient +brush wood to cook our suppers. The part of the river we skirted +to-day was shallow, and flowed over a bed of sand ; its width about +one hundred and twenty yards. About midnight our tent was blown +down by a squall, and we were completely drenched with rain before +it could be re-pitched. + + + + +In the morning of the 1st of September a fall of snow took +place; the canoes became a cause of delay, by the difficulty of +carrying them in a high wind, and they sustained much damage +from the falls of those who had charge of them. The face of the +country was broken by hills of moderate elevation, but the ground +was plentifully strewed with small stones, which, to men bearing +heavy burthens, and whose feet were protected only by soft moose +skin shoes, occasioned great pain. At the end of eleven miles we +encamped, and sent for a musk-ox and a deer, which St. Germain +and Augustus had killed. The day was extremely cold, the ther-mometer +varying between 34 deg and 36 deg. In the afternoon a heavy +fall of snow took place, on the wind changing from north-west to +south-west. We found no wood at the encampment, but made a +fire of moss to cook the supper, and crept under our blankets for +warmth. At sun-rise the thermometer was at 31 deg, and the wind +fresh from north-west; but the weather became mild in the course +of the forenoon, and the snow disappeared from the gravel. The +afternoon was remarkably fine, and the thermometer rose to 50 deg. +One of the hunters killed a musk-ox. The hills in this part are +lower and more round-backed than those we passed yesterday, and +exhibited but little naked rock; they were covered with lichens. + + + + +Having ascertained from the summit of the highest hill near the +tents, that the river continued to preserve a west course; and fear-ing +that by pursuing it further we might lose much time, and un-necessarily +walk over a great deal of ground, I determined on +quitting its banks the next day, and making as directly as we could for +Point Lake. We accordingly followed the river on the 3d, only to +the place where the musk-ox had been killed last evening, and after +the meat was procured, crossed the river in our two canoes lashed +together. We now emerged from the valley of the river, and entered +a level, but very barren, country, varied only by small lakes and +marshes, the ground being covered with small stones. Many old tracks +of rein-deer were seen in the clayey soil, and some more recent +ones of the musk-ox. We encamped on the borders of Wright's +River, which flows to the eastward; the direct distance walked to-day +being ten miles and three-quarters. The next morning was +very fine, and,as the day advanced, the weather became quite +warm. We set out at six A. M., and, having forded the river, +walked over a perfectly level country, interspersed with small lakes, +which communicated with each other, by streams running in various +directions. No berry-bearing plants were found in this part, the +surface of the earth being thinly covered in the moister places with +a few grasses, and on the drier spots with lichens. + + + + +Having walked twelve miles and a half, we encamped at seven P.M., +and distributed our last piece of pemmican, and a little arrow-root +for supper, which afforded but a scanty meal. This evening was +warm, but dark clouds overspread the sky. Our men now began to +find their burdens very oppressive, and were much fatigued by this +day's march, but did not complain. One of them was lame from an +inflammation in the knee. Heavy rain commenced at midnight, and +continued without intermission until five in the morning, when it +was succeeded by snow on the wind changing to north-west, which +soon increased to a violent gale. As we had nothing to eat, and +were destitute of the means of making a fire, we remained in our +beds all the day ; but the covering of our blankets was insufficient to +prevent us from feeling the severity of the frost, and suffering in-convenience +from the drifting of the snow into our tents. There +was no abatement of the storm next day ; our tents were completely +frozen, and the snow had drifted around them to a depth of three +feet, and even in the inside there was a covering of several inches on +our blankets. Our suffering from cold, in a comfortless canvass tent +in such weather, with the temperature at 20 deg, and without fire, +will easily be imagined;it was, however, less than that which we +felt from hunger. + + + + +The morning of the 7th cleared up a little, but the wind was still +strong, and the weather extremely cold. From the unusual con-tinuance +of the storm, we feared the winter had set in with all its +rigour, and that by longer delay we should only be exposed to an +accumulation of difficulties; we therefore prepared for our journey, +although we were in a very unfit condition for starting, being weak +from fasting, and our garments stiffened by the frost. We had no +means of making a fire to thaw them, the moss, at all times difficult +to kindle, being now covered with ice and snow. A considerable +time was consumed in packing up the frozen tents and bed clothes, +the wind blowing so strong that no one could keep his hands long +out of his mittens. + + + + +Just as we were about to commence our march, I was seized with +a fainting fit, in consequence of exhaustion and sudden exposure to +the wind; but after eating a morsel of portable soup, I recovered, so +far as to be able to move on. I was unwilling at first to take this +morsel of soup, which was diminishing the small and only remaining +meal for the party; but several of the men urged me to it, with +much kindness. The ground was covered a foot deep with snow, +the margin of the lakes was incrusted with ice, and the swamps over +which we had to pass were entirely frozen; but the ice not being +sufficiently strong to bear us, we frequently plunged knee-deep in +water. Those who carried the canoes were repeatedly blown down +by the violence of the wind, and they often fell, from making an +insecure step on a slippery stone; on one of these occasions, the +largest canoe was so much broken as to be rendered utterly unser-viceable. +This was felt as a serious disaster, as the remaining canoe +having through mistake been made too small, it was doubtful +whether it would be sufficient to carry us across a river. Indeed +we had found it necessary in crossing Hood's River, to lash the two +canoes together. As there was some suspicion that Benoit, who +carried the canoe, had broken it intentionally, he having on a former +occasion been overheard by some of the men to say, that he would +do so when he got it in charge, we closely examined him on the +point; he roundly denied having used the expressions attributed to +him, and insisted that it was broken by his falling accidentally; and +as he brought men to attest the latter fact, who saw him tumble, we +did not press the matter further. I may here remark that our +people had murmured a good deal at having to carry two canoes, +though they were informed of the necessity of taking both, in case +it should be deemed advisable to divide the party; which it had +been thought probable we should be obliged to do, if animals proved +scarce, in order to give the whole the better chance of procuring +subsistence, and also for the purpose of sending forward some of the +best walkers to search for Indians, and to get them to meet us with +supplies of provision. The power of doing this was now at an end. +As the accident could not be remedied we turned it to the best +account by making a fire of the bark and timbers of the broken +vessel, and cooked the remainder of our portable soup and arrow-root. +This was a scanty meal after three days' fasting, but it served +to allay the pangs of hunger, and enabled us to proceed at a quicker +pace than before. The depth of the snow caused us to march in +Indian file, that is in each other's steps; the voyagers taking it in +turn to lead the party. A distant object was pointed out to this +man in the direction we wished to take, and Mr. Hood followed +immediately behind him, to renew the bearings, and keep him from +deviating more than could be helped from the mark. It may be +here observed, that we proceeded in this manner throughout our +route across the barren grounds. + + + + +In the afternoon we got into a more hilly country, where the +ground was strewed with large stones. The surface of these was +covered with lichens of the genus gyrophora, which the Canadians +term tripe de roche. A considerable quantity was gathered, and +with half a partridge each, (which were shot in the course of the +day,) furnished us with a slender supper, which we cooked with a +few willows, dug up from beneath the snow. We passed a comfortless +night in our damp clothes, but took the precaution of sleeping upon +our socks and shoes to prevent them from freezing. This plan was +afterwards adopted throughout the journey. + + + + +At half past five in the morning we proceeded; and after walking +about two miles, came to Cracroft's River, flowing to the westward, +with a very rapid current over a rocky channel. We had much diffi-culty +in crossing this, the canoe being useless, not only from the bot-tom +of the channel being obstructed by large stones, but also from its +requiring gumming, an operation which, owing to the want of wood +and the frost, we were unable to perform. However, after following +the course of the river some way, we effected a passage by means of a +range of large rocks that crossed a rapid. As the current was strong, +and many of the rocks were covered with water to the depth of two +or three feet, the men were exposed to much danger in carrying their +heavy burthens across, and several of them actually slipped into the +stream, but were immediately rescued by the others. Junius went +farther up the river in search of a better crossing place, and did not +rejoin us to-day. As several of the party were drenched from head to +foot, and we were all wet to the middle, our clothes became stiff with +the frost, and we walked with much pain for the remainder of the day. +The march was continued to a late hour, being anxious to rejoin the +hunters who had gone before, but we were obliged to encamp at the +end of ten miles and a quarter, without seeing them. Our only +meal to-day consisted of a partridge each, (which the hunters shot,) +mixed with tripe de roche. This repast although scanty for men, +with appetites such as our daily fatigue created, proved a cheerful +one, and was received with thankfulness. Most of the men had to +sleep in the open air, in consequence of the absence of Credit, who +carried their tent; but we fortunately found an unusual quantity of +roots to make a fire, which prevented their suffering much from the +cold, though the thermometer was at 17 deg. + + + + +We started at six on the 9th, and at the end of two miles re-gained +our hunters, who were halting on the borders of a lake amidst +a clump of stunted willows. This lake stretched to the westward as +far as we could see, and its waters were discharged by a rapid stream +one hundred and fifty yards wide. Being entirely ignorant where +we might be led by pursuing the course of the lake, and dreading +the idea of going a mile unnecessarily out of the way, we deter-mined +on crossing the river if possible; and the canoe was gummed +for the purpose, the willows furnishing us with fire. But we had to +await the return of Junius before we could make the traverse. In +the mean time we gathered a little tripe de roche, and breakfasted +upon it and a few partridges that were killed in the morning. +St. Germain and Adam were sent upon some recent tracks of deer. +Junius arrived in the afternoon, and informed us that he had seen +a large herd of musk-oxen on the banks of Cracroft's River, and had +wounded one of them, but it had escaped. He brought about four +pounds of meat, the remains of a deer that had been devoured by +the wolves. The poor fellow was much fatigued, having walked +throughout the night, but as the weather was particularly favourable +for our crossing the river, we could not allow him to rest. After he +had taken some refreshment we proceeded to the river. The canoe +being put into the water was found extremely ticklish, but it was +managed with much dexterity by St. Germain, Adam, and Peltier, +who ferried over one passenger at a time, causing him to lie flat in its +bottom, by no means a pleasant position, owing to its leakiness, but +there was no alternative. The transport of the whole party was +effected by five o'clock, and we walked about two miles further, and +encamped, having come five miles and three quarters on a south-west +course. Two young alpine hares were shot by St. Germain, which, +with the small piece of meat brought in by Junius, furnished the +supper of the whole party. There was no tripe de roche here. The +country had now become decidedly hilly, and was covered with snow. +The lake preserved its western direction, as far as I could see from +the summit of the highest mountain near the encampment. We +subsequently learned from the Copper Indians, that the part at +which we had crossed the river was the Congecatha-wha-chaga of +Hearne, of which I had little idea at the time, not only from the +difference of latitude, but also from its being so much farther east of +the mouth of the Copper-Mine River, than his track is laid down. +He only making one degree and three quarters difference of lon-gitude, +and we, upwards of four. Had I been aware of the fact, +several days harassing march, and a disastrous accident would have +been prevented by keeping on the western side of the lake, instead +of crossing the river. We were informed also, that this river is +the Anatessy or River of Strangers, and is supposed to fall into +Bathurst's Inlet; but although the Indians have visited its mouth, +their description was not sufficient to identify it with any of the +rivers whose mouths we had seen. It probably falls in that part of +the coast which was hid from our view by Goulburn's or Elliot's +Islands. + + + September 10. + + + + +We had a cold north wind, and the atmosphere +was foggy. The thermometer 18 deg at five A.M. In the course of +our march this morning, we passed many small lakes; and the +ground becoming higher and more hilly as we receded from the +river, was covered to a much greater depth with snow. This ren-dered +walking not only extremely laborious, but also hazardous in +the highest degree;for the sides of the hills, as is usual throughout +the barren grounds, abounding in accumulations of large angular +stones, it often happened that the men fell into the interstices +with their loads on their backs, being deceived by the smooth +appearance of the drifted snow. If any one had broken a limb +here, his fate would have been melancholy indeed; we could neither +have remained with him, nor carried him on. We halted at ten to +gather tripe de roche,but it was so frozen, that we were quite +benumbed with cold before a sufficiency could be collected even for +a scanty meal. On proceeding our men were somewhat cheered, by +observing on the sandy summit of a hill, from whence the snow had +been blown, the summer track of a man; and afterwards by seeing +several deer tracks on the snow. About noon the weather cleared +up a little, and, to our great joy, we saw a herd of musk-oxen +grazing in a valley below us. The party instantly halted, and the +best hunters were sent out; they approached the animals with the +utmost caution, no less than two hours being consumed before they +got within gun-shot. In the mean time we beheld their proceed-ings +with extreme anxiety, and many secret prayers were, doubtless, +offered up for their success. At length they opened their fire, and +we had the satisfaction of seeing one of the largest cows fall; another +was wounded, but escaped. This success infused spirit into our +starving party. To skin and cut up the animal was the work of a +few minutes. The contents of its stomach were devoured upon +the spot, and the raw intestines, which were next attacked, were +pronounced by the most delicate amongst us to be excellent. A few +willows, whose tops were seen peeping through the snow in the bottom +of the valley, were quickly grubbed, the tents pitched, and supper +cooked, and devoured with avidity. This was the sixth day since we +had had a good meal. The tripe de roche, even where we got +enough, only serving to allay the pangs of hunger for a short time. +After supper, two of the hunters went in pursuit of the herd, but +could not get near them. + + + + +We were detained all the next day by a strong southerly wind, +and were much incommoded in the tents by the drift snow. The +temperature was 20 deg. The average for the last ten days about +24.5 deg. We restricted ourselves to one meal to-day as we were at +rest, and there was only meat remaining sufficient for the next day. + + + + +The gale had not diminished on the 12th, and, as we were +fearful of its continuance for some time, we determined on going +forward; our only doubt regarded the preservation of the canoe, +but the men promised to pay particular attention to it, and the +most careful persons were appointed to take it in charge. The snow +was two feet deep, and the ground much broken, which rendered +the march extremely painful. The whole party complained more of +faintness and weakness than they had ever done before; their +strength seemed to have been impaired by the recent supply of +animal food. In the afternoon the wind abated, and the snow ceased; +cheered with the change we proceeded forward at a quicker pace, +and encamped at six P. M., having come eleven miles. Our supper +consumed the last of our meat. + + + + +We set out on the 13th, in thick hazy weather, and, after an hour's +march, had the extreme mortification to find ourselves on the +borders of a large lake, which we subsequently learned from the +Indians was named Contwoy-to, or Rum Lake; neither of its extre- +mities could be seen, and as the portion which lay to the east +seemed the widest, we coasted along to the westward portion in +search of a crossing-place. This lake being bounded by steep and +lofty hills, our march was very fatiguing. Those sides which were +exposed to the sun, were free from snow, and we found upon them +some excellent berries. We encamped at six P. M., having come +only six miles and a half. Credit was then missing, and he did not +return during the night. We supped off a single partridge and +some tripe de roche;this unpalatable weed was now quite nau-seous +to the whole party, and in several it produced bowel com-plaints. +Mr. Hood was the greatest sufferer from this cause. This +evening we were extremely distressed, at discovering that our im-provident +companions,since we left Hood's River, had thrown +away three of the fishing-nets, and burnt the floats ; they knew we +had brought them to procure subsistence for the party, when the +animals should fail, and we could scarcely believe the fact of their +having wilfully deprived themselves of this resource, especially +when we considered that most of them had passed the greater part of +their servitude in situations where the nets alone had supplied them +with food. Being thus deprived of our principal resource, that of +fishing, and the men evidently getting weaker every day, it became +necessary to lighten their burthens of every thing except ammunition, +clothing, and the instruments that were required to find our +way. I, therefore, issued directions to deposit at this encampment +the dipping needle, azimuth compass, magnet, a large thermometer, +and a few books we had carried, having torn out of these such parts +as we should require to work the observations for latitude and +longitude. I also promised,as an excitement to the efforts in +hunting, my gun to St. Germain, and an ample compensation to +Adam, or any of the other men who should kill any animals. +Mr. Hood, on this occasion, lent his gun to Michel, the Iroquois, +who was very eager in the chase, and often successful. + + + September 14. + + + + +This morning the officers being assembled round +a small fire, Perrault presented each of us with a small piece of meat +which he had saved from his allowance. It was received with great +thankfulness, and such an act of self-denial and kindness, being +totally unexpected in a Canadian voyager, filled our eyes with tears. +In directing our course to a river issuing from the lake, we met +Credit, who communicated the joyful intelligence of his having +killed two deer in the morning. We instantly halted, and having +shared the deer that was nearest to us, prepared breakfast. After +which, the other deer was sent for, and we went down to the river, +which was about three hundred yards wide, and flowed with +great velocity through a broken rocky channel. Having searched +for a part where the current was most smooth, the canoe was +placed in the water at the head of a rapid, and St. Germain, Solomon +Belanger, and I, embarked in order to cross. We went from the +shore very well, but in mid-channel the canoe became difficult to +manage under our burden as the breeze was fresh. The current +drove us to the edge of the rapid, when Belanger unfortunately +applied his paddle to avert the apparent danger of being forced +down it, and lost his balance. The canoe was overset in con-sequence +in the middle of the rapid. We fortunately kept hold of +it, until we touched a rock where the water did not reach higher +than our waists; here we kept our footing, notwithstanding the +strength of the current, until the water was emptied out of the +canoe. Belanger then held the canoe steady whilst St. Germain +placed me in it, and afterwards embarked himself in a very dexterous +manner. It was impossible, however, to embark Belanger, +as the canoe would have been hurried down the rapid, the moment +he should have raised his foot from the rock on which he stood. +We were, therefore, compelled to leave him in his perilous situation. +We had not gone twenty yards before the canoe, striking on a +sunken rock, went down. The place being shallow, we were again +enabled to empty it, and the third attempt brought us to the shore. +In the mean time Belanger was suffering extremely, immersed to +his middle in the centre of a rapid, the temperature of which was +very little above the freezing point, and the upper part of his body +covered with wet clothes, exposed in a temperature not much above +zero, to a strong breeze. He called piteously for relief, and +St. Germain on his return endeavoured to embark him, but in vain. +The canoe was hurried down the rapid, and when he landed he was +rendered by the cold incapable of further exertion, and Adam at-tempted +to embark Belanger, but found it impossible. An attempt +was next made to carry out to him a line, made of the slings of the +men's loads. This also failed, the current acting so strongly upon +it, as to prevent the canoe from steering, and it was finally broken +and carried down the stream. At length, when Belanger's strength +seemed almost exhausted, the canoe reached him with a small cord +belonging to one of the nets, and he was dragged perfectly senseless +through the rapid. By the direction of Dr. Richardson, he was +instantly stripped, and being rolled up in blankets, two men un-dressed +themselves and went to bed with him; but it was some +hours before he recovered his warmth and sensations. As soon as +Belanger was placed in his bed, the officers immediately sent over +my blankets, and a person to make a fire. Augustus brought the +canoe over, and in returning he was obliged to descend both the +rapids, before he could get across the stream; which hazardous +service he performed with the greatest coolness and judgment. It +is impossible to describe my sensations as I witnessed the various +unsuccessful attempts to relieve Belanger. The distance prevented +my seeing distinctly what was going on, and I continued pacing up +and down upon the rock on which I landed, regardless of the +coldness of my drenched and stiffening garments. The canoe, in +every attempt to reach him, was hurried down the rapid, and was +lost to the view amongst the rocky islets, with a rapidity that +seemed to threaten certain destruction; once, indeed, I fancied that +I saw it overwhelmed in the waves. Such an event would have +been fatal to the whole party. Separated as I was from my com-panions, +without gun, ammunition, hatchet, or the means of making +a fire, and in wet clothes, my doom would have been speedily sealed. +My companions too, driven to the necessity of coasting the lake, +must have sunk under the fatigue of rounding its innumerable arms +and bays, which, as we have learned from the Indians, are very +extensive. By the goodness of Providence, however, we were spared +at that time, and some of us have been permitted to offer up our +thanksgivings, in a civilized land, for the signal deliverances we then +and afterwards experienced. + + + + + diff --git a/examples/fo/pagination/franklin_rep_max_repeats.fo b/examples/fo/pagination/franklin_rep_max_repeats.fo new file mode 100644 index 000000000..321cf56f9 --- /dev/null +++ b/examples/fo/pagination/franklin_rep_max_repeats.fo @@ -0,0 +1,1024 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + John Franklin - Journey to the Shores of the Polar Sea + + + + + + p. + + + + + + + +Journey across the barren Grounds - Difficulty and delay in crossing Copper-Mine River - +Melancholy and fatal Results thereof - Extreme Misery of the whole Party - Murder of +Mr. Hood - Death of several of the Canadians - Desolate State of Fort Enterprise - +Distress suffered at that Place - Dr. Richardson's Narrative - Mr. Back's Narrative - +Conclusion. + + + 1821. August 17. + + + + +MY original intention, whenever the season should +compel us to relinquish the survey, had been to return by the way +of the Copper-Mine River, and in pursuance of my arrangement +with the Hook to travel to Slave Lake through the line of woods +extending thither by the Great Bear and Marten Lakes, but our +scanty stock of provision and the length of the voyage rendered it +necessary to make for a nearer place. We had already found that +the country, between Cape Barrow and the Copper-Mine River, +would not supply our wants, and this it seemed probable would now +be still more the case ; besides, at this advanced season, we expected +the frequent recurrence of gales, which would cause great detention, +if not danger in proceeding along that very rocky part of the coast. +I determined, therefore, to make at once for Arctic Sound, where +we had found the animals more numerous than at any other place ; +and entering Hood's River, to advance up that stream as far as it +was navigable, and then to construct small canoes out of the +materials of the larger ones, which could be carried in crossing the +barren grounds to Fort Enterprise. + + + August 19. + + + + +We were almost beaten out of our comfortless abodes +by rain during the night, and this morning the gale continued +without diminution. The thermometer fell to 33 deg. Two men were +sent with Junius to search for the deer which Augustus had killed. +Junius returned in the evening bringing part of the meat, but owing +to the thickness of the weather, his companions parted from him +and did not make their appearance. Divine service was read. On +the 20th we were presented with the most chilling prospect, the +small pools of water being frozen over, the ground being covered +with snow, and the thermometer at the freezing point at mid-day. +Flights of geese were passing to the southward. The wind however +was more moderate, having changed to the eastward. Considerable +anxiety prevailing respecting Belanger and Michel, the two men +who strayed from Junius yesterday, the rest were sent out to look +for them. The search was successful, and they all returned in the +evening. The stragglers were much fatigued, and had suffered +severely from the cold, one of them having his thighs frozen, and +what under our present circumstances was most grievous, they had +thrown away all the meat. The wind during the night returned to +the north-west quarter, blew more violently than ever, and raised a +very turbulent sea. The next day did not improve our condition, +the snow remained on the ground, and the small pools were frozen. +Our hunters were sent out, but they returned after a fatiguing +day's march without having seen any animals. We made a scanty +meal off a handful of pemmican, after which only half a bag +remained. + + + + +The wind abated after midnight, and the surf diminished rapidly, +which caused us to be on the alert at a very early hour on the 22d, +but we had to wait until six A.M. for the return of Augustus who +had continued out all night on an unsuccessful pursuit of deer. +It appears that he had walked a few miles farther along the coast, +than the party had done on the 18th, and from a sketch he drew on +the sand, we were confirmed in our former opinion that the shore +inclined more to the eastward beyond Point Turnagain. He also +drew a river of considerable size, that discharges its waters into +Walker's Bay; on the banks of which stream he saw a piece of +wood, such as the Esquimaux use in producing fire, and other marks +so fresh that he supposed they had recently visited the spot. We +therefore left several iron materials for them. Our men, cheered by +the prospect of returning, embarked with the utmost alacrity; and, +paddling with unusual vigour, carried us across Riley's and Walker's +Bays, a distance of twenty miles before noon, when we landed on +Slate-Clay Point, as the wind had freshened too much to permit us +to continue the voyage. The whole party went to hunt, but returned +without success in the evening, drenched with the heavy rain which +commenced soon after they had set out. Several deer were seen, +but could not be approached in this naked country; and as our +stock of pemmican did not admit of serving out two meals, we went +dinnerless to bed. + + + + +Soon after our departure to-day, a sealed tin-case, sufficiently +buoyant to float, was thrown overboard, containing a short account of +our proceedings, and the position of the most conspicuous points. +The wind blew off the land, the water was smooth, and as the sea +is in this part more free from islands than in any other, there was +every probability of its being driven off the shore into the current ; +which, as I have before mentioned, we suppose, from the circumstance +of Mackenzie's River being the only known stream that +brings down the wood we have found along the shores, to set to the +eastward. + + + August 23. + + + + +A severe frost caused us to pass a comfortless night. +At two P.M. we set sail, and the men voluntarily launched out to +make a traverse of fifteen miles across Melville Sound, before a +strong wind and heavy sea. The privation of food, under which +our voyagers were then labouring, absorbed every other terror; +otherwise the most powerful persuasion could not have induced +them to attempt such a traverse. It was with the utmost difficulty +that the canoes were kept from turning their broadsides to the +waves, though we sometimes steered with all the paddles. One of +them narrowly escaped being overset by this accident, happening +in mid-channel, where the waves were so high that the mast-head +of our canoe was often hid from the other, though it was sailing +within hail. The annexed plate, from Mr. Back's sketch, will convey +to the reader an accurate idea of the peril of our situation. + + + + +The traverse, however, was made;we were then near a high +rocky lee shore, on which a heavy surf was beating. The wind +being on the beam, the canoes drifted fast to leeward; and, on +rounding a point, the recoil of the sea from the rocks was so great +that they were with difficulty kept from foundering. We looked in +vain for a sheltered bay to land in ; but, at length, being unable to +weather another point, we were obliged to put ashore on the open +beach, which, fortunately, was sandy at this spot. The debarkation +was effected in the manner represented in the plate; and, fortunately, +without further injury than the splitting of the head of +the second canoe, which was easily repaired. + + + + +Our encampment being near to the place where we killed the deer +on the 11th, almost the whole party went out to hunt, but they +returned in the evening without having seen any game. The +berries, however, were ripe and plentiful, and, with the addition +of some country tea, furnished a supper. There were some showers +in the afternoon,and the weather was cold, the thermometer +being 42 deg, but the evening and night were calm and fine. It may be +remarked that the mosquitoes disappeared when the late gales +commenced. + + + August 25. + + + + +Embarking at three A. M., we stretched across +the eastern entrance of Bathurst's Inlet, and arrived at an island, +which I have named after Colonel Barry, of Newton Barry. Some +deer being seen on the beach, the hunters went in pursuit of +them, and succeeded in killing three females, which enabled us to +save our last remaining meal of pemmican. They saw also some +fresh tracks of musk oxen on the banks of a small stream, which +flowed into a lake in the centre of the island. These animals must +have crossed a channel, at least, three miles wide, to reach the nearest +of these islands. Some specimens of variegated pebbles and jasper +were found here imbedded in the amygdaloidal rock. + + + + +Re-embarking at two P.M., and continuing through what was +supposed to be a channel between two islands, we found our passage +barred by a gravelly isthmus of only ten yards in width ; the canoes +and cargoes were carried across it, and we passed into Bathurst's Inlet +through another similar channel, bounded on both sides by steep +rocky hills. The wind then changing from S.E. to N.W. brought +heavy rain, and we encamped at seven P.M., having advanced +eighteen miles. + + + + +Starting this morning with a fresh breeze in our favour, +we soon reached that part of Barry's Island where the canoes were +detained on the 2d and 3rd of this month, and contrary to what we +then experienced, the deer were now plentiful. The hunters killed +two, and we were relieved from all apprehension of an immediate +want of food. One would suppose the deer were about to retire to +the main shore from their assembling at this time in such numbers +on the islands nearest to the coast. Those we saw were generally +females with their young, and all of them very lean. + + + + +The wind continued in the same direction until we had rounded +Point Wollaston, and then changed to a quarter, which enabled us +to steer for Hood's River, which we ascended as high as the first +rapid and encamped. Here terminated our voyage on the Arctic +sea, during which we had gone over six hundred and fifty geographical +miles. Our Canadian voyagers could not restrain their expressions +of joy at having turned their backs on the sea, and +they passed the evening talking over their past adventures with +much humour and no little exaggeration. The consideration that +the most painful, and certainly the most hazardous, part of the +journey was yet to come, did not depress their spirits at all. It is +due to their character to mention that they displayed much courage +in encountering the dangers of the sea, magnified to them by their +novelty. + + + + +The shores between Cape Barrow and Cape Flinders, including +the extensive branches of Arctic and Melville Sounds, and Bathurst's +Inlet, may be comprehended in one great gulf, which I have distinguished +by the appellation of George IV.'s Coronation Gulf, in +honour of His Most Gracious Majesty, the latter name being added +to mark the time of its discovery. The Archipelago of islands which +fringe the coast from Copper-Mine River to Point Turnagain, I have +named in honour of His Royal Highness the Duke of York. + + + + +It may be deserving of notice that the extremes in temperature +of the sea water during our voyage were 53 deg and 35 deg, but its general +temperature was between 43 deg and 48 deg. Throughout our return from +Point Turnagain we observed that the sea had risen several feet +above marks left at our former encampments. This may, perhaps, +be attributed to the north-west gales. + + + August 26. + + + + +Previous to our departure this morning, an assortment +of iron materials, beads, looking-glasses, and other articles +were put up in a conspicuous situation for the Esquimaux, and the +English Union was planted on the loftiest sand-hill, where it might +be seen by any ships passing in the offing. Here also, was deposited +in a tin bow a letter containing an outline of our proceedings, the +latitude and longitude of the principal places, and the course we +intended to pursue towards Slave Lake. + + + + +Embarking at eight A.M. we proceeded up the river, which is full +of sandy shoals, but sufficiently deep for canoes in the channels. It is +from one hundred to two hundred yards wide, and is bounded by high +and steep banks of clay. We encamped at a cascade of eighteen or +twenty feet high, which is produced by a ridge of rock crossing the +river, and the nets were set. A mile below this cascade Hood's +River is joined by a stream half its own size, which I have called +James' Branch. Bear and deer tracks had been numerous on the +banks of the river when we were here before, but not a single recent +one was to be seen at this time. Credit, however, killed a small +deer at some distance inland, which, with the addition of berries, +furnished a delightful repast this evening. The weather was remarkably +fine, and the temperature so mild, that the mosquitoes again +made their appearance, but not in any great numbers. Our distance +made to-day was not more than six miles. + + + + +The next morning the net furnished us with ten white fish +and trout. Having made a further deposit of iron work for the +Esquimaux we pursued our voyage up the river, but the shoals and +rapids in this part were so frequent, that we walked along the banks +the whole day, and the crews laboured hard in carrying the canoes +thus lightened over the shoals or dragging them up the rapids, yet +our journey in a direct line was only about seven miles. In the +evening we encamped at the lower end of a narrow chasm through +which the river flows for upwards of a mile. The walls of this +chasm are upwards of two hundred feet high, quite perpendicular, +and in some places only a few yards apart. The river precipitates +itself into it over a rock, forming two magnificent and picturesque +falls close to each other. The upper fall is about sixty feet high, and +the lower one at least one hundred, but perhaps considerably more, +for the narrowness of the chasm into which it fell prevented us from +seeing its bottom, and we could merely discern the top of the spray +far beneath our feet. The lower fall is divided into two, by an +insulated column of rock which rises about forty feet above it. The +whole descent of the river at this place probably exceeds two +hundred and fifty feet. The rock is very fine felspathose sandstone. +It has a smooth surface and a light red colour. I have named these +magnificent cascades Wilberforce Falls, as a tribute of my respect +for that distinguished philanthropist and Christian. Messrs. Back and +Hood took beautiful sketches of this majestic scene, which are +combined in the annexed plate. + + + + +The river being surveyed from the summit of a hill, above these +falls, appeared so rapid and shallow, that it seemed useless to +attempt proceeding any farther in the large canoes. I therefore +determined on constructing out of their materials two smaller ones +of sufficient size to contain three persons, for the purpose of crossing +any river that might obstruct our progress. This operation was +accordingly commenced, and by the 31st both the canoes being +finished, we prepared for our departure on the following day. + + + + +The leather which had been preserved for making shoes was +equally divided among the men, two pairs of flannel socks were given +to each person, and such articles of warm clothing as remained, were +issued to those who most required them. They were also furnished +with one of the officers' tents. This being done, I communicated to +the men my intention of proceeding in as direct a course as possible +to the part of Point Lake, opposite to our spring encampment +which was only distant one hundred and forty-nine miles in a +straight line. They received the communication cheerfully, considered +the journey to be short, and left me, in high spirits, to +arrange their own packages. The stores, books, &c., which were not +absolutely necessary to be carried, were then put up in boxes to be +left en cache here, in order that the men's burdens might be as light +as possible. + + + + +The next morning was warm, and very fine. Every one was on +the alert at an early hour, being anxious to commence the journey. +Our luggage consisted of ammunition, nets, hatchets, ice chisels, +astronomical instruments, clothing, blankets, three kettles, and +the two canoes, which were each carried by one man. The +officers carried such a portion of their own things as their strength +would permit;the weight carried by each man was about ninety +pounds, and with this we advanced at the rate of about a mile an +hour, including rests. In the evening the hunters killed a lean cow, +out of a large drove of musk-oxen; but the men were too much +laden to carry more than a small portion of its flesh. The alluvial +soil, which towards the mouth of the river spreads into plains, +covered with grass and willows, was now giving place to a more +barren and hilly country; so that we could but just collect sufficient +brush wood to cook our suppers. The part of the river we skirted +to-day was shallow, and flowed over a bed of sand ; its width about +one hundred and twenty yards. About midnight our tent was blown +down by a squall, and we were completely drenched with rain before +it could be re-pitched. + + + + +In the morning of the 1st of September a fall of snow took +place; the canoes became a cause of delay, by the difficulty of +carrying them in a high wind, and they sustained much damage +from the falls of those who had charge of them. The face of the +country was broken by hills of moderate elevation, but the ground +was plentifully strewed with small stones, which, to men bearing +heavy burthens, and whose feet were protected only by soft moose +skin shoes, occasioned great pain. At the end of eleven miles we +encamped, and sent for a musk-ox and a deer, which St. Germain +and Augustus had killed. The day was extremely cold, the ther-mometer +varying between 34 deg and 36 deg. In the afternoon a heavy +fall of snow took place, on the wind changing from north-west to +south-west. We found no wood at the encampment, but made a +fire of moss to cook the supper, and crept under our blankets for +warmth. At sun-rise the thermometer was at 31 deg, and the wind +fresh from north-west; but the weather became mild in the course +of the forenoon, and the snow disappeared from the gravel. The +afternoon was remarkably fine, and the thermometer rose to 50 deg. +One of the hunters killed a musk-ox. The hills in this part are +lower and more round-backed than those we passed yesterday, and +exhibited but little naked rock; they were covered with lichens. + + + + +Having ascertained from the summit of the highest hill near the +tents, that the river continued to preserve a west course; and fear-ing +that by pursuing it further we might lose much time, and un-necessarily +walk over a great deal of ground, I determined on +quitting its banks the next day, and making as directly as we could for +Point Lake. We accordingly followed the river on the 3d, only to +the place where the musk-ox had been killed last evening, and after +the meat was procured, crossed the river in our two canoes lashed +together. We now emerged from the valley of the river, and entered +a level, but very barren, country, varied only by small lakes and +marshes, the ground being covered with small stones. Many old tracks +of rein-deer were seen in the clayey soil, and some more recent +ones of the musk-ox. We encamped on the borders of Wright's +River, which flows to the eastward; the direct distance walked to-day +being ten miles and three-quarters. The next morning was +very fine, and,as the day advanced, the weather became quite +warm. We set out at six A. M., and, having forded the river, +walked over a perfectly level country, interspersed with small lakes, +which communicated with each other, by streams running in various +directions. No berry-bearing plants were found in this part, the +surface of the earth being thinly covered in the moister places with +a few grasses, and on the drier spots with lichens. + + + + +Having walked twelve miles and a half, we encamped at seven P.M., +and distributed our last piece of pemmican, and a little arrow-root +for supper, which afforded but a scanty meal. This evening was +warm, but dark clouds overspread the sky. Our men now began to +find their burdens very oppressive, and were much fatigued by this +day's march, but did not complain. One of them was lame from an +inflammation in the knee. Heavy rain commenced at midnight, and +continued without intermission until five in the morning, when it +was succeeded by snow on the wind changing to north-west, which +soon increased to a violent gale. As we had nothing to eat, and +were destitute of the means of making a fire, we remained in our +beds all the day ; but the covering of our blankets was insufficient to +prevent us from feeling the severity of the frost, and suffering in-convenience +from the drifting of the snow into our tents. There +was no abatement of the storm next day ; our tents were completely +frozen, and the snow had drifted around them to a depth of three +feet, and even in the inside there was a covering of several inches on +our blankets. Our suffering from cold, in a comfortless canvass tent +in such weather, with the temperature at 20 deg, and without fire, +will easily be imagined;it was, however, less than that which we +felt from hunger. + + + + +The morning of the 7th cleared up a little, but the wind was still +strong, and the weather extremely cold. From the unusual con-tinuance +of the storm, we feared the winter had set in with all its +rigour, and that by longer delay we should only be exposed to an +accumulation of difficulties; we therefore prepared for our journey, +although we were in a very unfit condition for starting, being weak +from fasting, and our garments stiffened by the frost. We had no +means of making a fire to thaw them, the moss, at all times difficult +to kindle, being now covered with ice and snow. A considerable +time was consumed in packing up the frozen tents and bed clothes, +the wind blowing so strong that no one could keep his hands long +out of his mittens. + + + + +Just as we were about to commence our march, I was seized with +a fainting fit, in consequence of exhaustion and sudden exposure to +the wind; but after eating a morsel of portable soup, I recovered, so +far as to be able to move on. I was unwilling at first to take this +morsel of soup, which was diminishing the small and only remaining +meal for the party; but several of the men urged me to it, with +much kindness. The ground was covered a foot deep with snow, +the margin of the lakes was incrusted with ice, and the swamps over +which we had to pass were entirely frozen; but the ice not being +sufficiently strong to bear us, we frequently plunged knee-deep in +water. Those who carried the canoes were repeatedly blown down +by the violence of the wind, and they often fell, from making an +insecure step on a slippery stone; on one of these occasions, the +largest canoe was so much broken as to be rendered utterly unser-viceable. +This was felt as a serious disaster, as the remaining canoe +having through mistake been made too small, it was doubtful +whether it would be sufficient to carry us across a river. Indeed +we had found it necessary in crossing Hood's River, to lash the two +canoes together. As there was some suspicion that Benoit, who +carried the canoe, had broken it intentionally, he having on a former +occasion been overheard by some of the men to say, that he would +do so when he got it in charge, we closely examined him on the +point; he roundly denied having used the expressions attributed to +him, and insisted that it was broken by his falling accidentally; and +as he brought men to attest the latter fact, who saw him tumble, we +did not press the matter further. I may here remark that our +people had murmured a good deal at having to carry two canoes, +though they were informed of the necessity of taking both, in case +it should be deemed advisable to divide the party; which it had +been thought probable we should be obliged to do, if animals proved +scarce, in order to give the whole the better chance of procuring +subsistence, and also for the purpose of sending forward some of the +best walkers to search for Indians, and to get them to meet us with +supplies of provision. The power of doing this was now at an end. +As the accident could not be remedied we turned it to the best +account by making a fire of the bark and timbers of the broken +vessel, and cooked the remainder of our portable soup and arrow-root. +This was a scanty meal after three days' fasting, but it served +to allay the pangs of hunger, and enabled us to proceed at a quicker +pace than before. The depth of the snow caused us to march in +Indian file, that is in each other's steps; the voyagers taking it in +turn to lead the party. A distant object was pointed out to this +man in the direction we wished to take, and Mr. Hood followed +immediately behind him, to renew the bearings, and keep him from +deviating more than could be helped from the mark. It may be +here observed, that we proceeded in this manner throughout our +route across the barren grounds. + + + + +In the afternoon we got into a more hilly country, where the +ground was strewed with large stones. The surface of these was +covered with lichens of the genus gyrophora, which the Canadians +term tripe de roche. A considerable quantity was gathered, and +with half a partridge each, (which were shot in the course of the +day,) furnished us with a slender supper, which we cooked with a +few willows, dug up from beneath the snow. We passed a comfortless +night in our damp clothes, but took the precaution of sleeping upon +our socks and shoes to prevent them from freezing. This plan was +afterwards adopted throughout the journey. + + + + +At half past five in the morning we proceeded; and after walking +about two miles, came to Cracroft's River, flowing to the westward, +with a very rapid current over a rocky channel. We had much diffi-culty +in crossing this, the canoe being useless, not only from the bot-tom +of the channel being obstructed by large stones, but also from its +requiring gumming, an operation which, owing to the want of wood +and the frost, we were unable to perform. However, after following +the course of the river some way, we effected a passage by means of a +range of large rocks that crossed a rapid. As the current was strong, +and many of the rocks were covered with water to the depth of two +or three feet, the men were exposed to much danger in carrying their +heavy burthens across, and several of them actually slipped into the +stream, but were immediately rescued by the others. Junius went +farther up the river in search of a better crossing place, and did not +rejoin us to-day. As several of the party were drenched from head to +foot, and we were all wet to the middle, our clothes became stiff with +the frost, and we walked with much pain for the remainder of the day. +The march was continued to a late hour, being anxious to rejoin the +hunters who had gone before, but we were obliged to encamp at the +end of ten miles and a quarter, without seeing them. Our only +meal to-day consisted of a partridge each, (which the hunters shot,) +mixed with tripe de roche. This repast although scanty for men, +with appetites such as our daily fatigue created, proved a cheerful +one, and was received with thankfulness. Most of the men had to +sleep in the open air, in consequence of the absence of Credit, who +carried their tent; but we fortunately found an unusual quantity of +roots to make a fire, which prevented their suffering much from the +cold, though the thermometer was at 17 deg. + + + + +We started at six on the 9th, and at the end of two miles re-gained +our hunters, who were halting on the borders of a lake amidst +a clump of stunted willows. This lake stretched to the westward as +far as we could see, and its waters were discharged by a rapid stream +one hundred and fifty yards wide. Being entirely ignorant where +we might be led by pursuing the course of the lake, and dreading +the idea of going a mile unnecessarily out of the way, we deter-mined +on crossing the river if possible; and the canoe was gummed +for the purpose, the willows furnishing us with fire. But we had to +await the return of Junius before we could make the traverse. In +the mean time we gathered a little tripe de roche, and breakfasted +upon it and a few partridges that were killed in the morning. +St. Germain and Adam were sent upon some recent tracks of deer. +Junius arrived in the afternoon, and informed us that he had seen +a large herd of musk-oxen on the banks of Cracroft's River, and had +wounded one of them, but it had escaped. He brought about four +pounds of meat, the remains of a deer that had been devoured by +the wolves. The poor fellow was much fatigued, having walked +throughout the night, but as the weather was particularly favourable +for our crossing the river, we could not allow him to rest. After he +had taken some refreshment we proceeded to the river. The canoe +being put into the water was found extremely ticklish, but it was +managed with much dexterity by St. Germain, Adam, and Peltier, +who ferried over one passenger at a time, causing him to lie flat in its +bottom, by no means a pleasant position, owing to its leakiness, but +there was no alternative. The transport of the whole party was +effected by five o'clock, and we walked about two miles further, and +encamped, having come five miles and three quarters on a south-west +course. Two young alpine hares were shot by St. Germain, which, +with the small piece of meat brought in by Junius, furnished the +supper of the whole party. There was no tripe de roche here. The +country had now become decidedly hilly, and was covered with snow. +The lake preserved its western direction, as far as I could see from +the summit of the highest mountain near the encampment. We +subsequently learned from the Copper Indians, that the part at +which we had crossed the river was the Congecatha-wha-chaga of +Hearne, of which I had little idea at the time, not only from the +difference of latitude, but also from its being so much farther east of +the mouth of the Copper-Mine River, than his track is laid down. +He only making one degree and three quarters difference of lon-gitude, +and we, upwards of four. Had I been aware of the fact, +several days harassing march, and a disastrous accident would have +been prevented by keeping on the western side of the lake, instead +of crossing the river. We were informed also, that this river is +the Anatessy or River of Strangers, and is supposed to fall into +Bathurst's Inlet; but although the Indians have visited its mouth, +their description was not sufficient to identify it with any of the +rivers whose mouths we had seen. It probably falls in that part of +the coast which was hid from our view by Goulburn's or Elliot's +Islands. + + + September 10. + + + + +We had a cold north wind, and the atmosphere +was foggy. The thermometer 18 deg at five A.M. In the course of +our march this morning, we passed many small lakes; and the +ground becoming higher and more hilly as we receded from the +river, was covered to a much greater depth with snow. This ren-dered +walking not only extremely laborious, but also hazardous in +the highest degree;for the sides of the hills, as is usual throughout +the barren grounds, abounding in accumulations of large angular +stones, it often happened that the men fell into the interstices +with their loads on their backs, being deceived by the smooth +appearance of the drifted snow. If any one had broken a limb +here, his fate would have been melancholy indeed; we could neither +have remained with him, nor carried him on. We halted at ten to +gather tripe de roche,but it was so frozen, that we were quite +benumbed with cold before a sufficiency could be collected even for +a scanty meal. On proceeding our men were somewhat cheered, by +observing on the sandy summit of a hill, from whence the snow had +been blown, the summer track of a man; and afterwards by seeing +several deer tracks on the snow. About noon the weather cleared +up a little, and, to our great joy, we saw a herd of musk-oxen +grazing in a valley below us. The party instantly halted, and the +best hunters were sent out; they approached the animals with the +utmost caution, no less than two hours being consumed before they +got within gun-shot. In the mean time we beheld their proceed-ings +with extreme anxiety, and many secret prayers were, doubtless, +offered up for their success. At length they opened their fire, and +we had the satisfaction of seeing one of the largest cows fall; another +was wounded, but escaped. This success infused spirit into our +starving party. To skin and cut up the animal was the work of a +few minutes. The contents of its stomach were devoured upon +the spot, and the raw intestines, which were next attacked, were +pronounced by the most delicate amongst us to be excellent. A few +willows, whose tops were seen peeping through the snow in the bottom +of the valley, were quickly grubbed, the tents pitched, and supper +cooked, and devoured with avidity. This was the sixth day since we +had had a good meal. The tripe de roche, even where we got +enough, only serving to allay the pangs of hunger for a short time. +After supper, two of the hunters went in pursuit of the herd, but +could not get near them. + + + + +We were detained all the next day by a strong southerly wind, +and were much incommoded in the tents by the drift snow. The +temperature was 20 deg. The average for the last ten days about +24.5 deg. We restricted ourselves to one meal to-day as we were at +rest, and there was only meat remaining sufficient for the next day. + + + + +The gale had not diminished on the 12th, and, as we were +fearful of its continuance for some time, we determined on going +forward; our only doubt regarded the preservation of the canoe, +but the men promised to pay particular attention to it, and the +most careful persons were appointed to take it in charge. The snow +was two feet deep, and the ground much broken, which rendered +the march extremely painful. The whole party complained more of +faintness and weakness than they had ever done before; their +strength seemed to have been impaired by the recent supply of +animal food. In the afternoon the wind abated, and the snow ceased; +cheered with the change we proceeded forward at a quicker pace, +and encamped at six P. M., having come eleven miles. Our supper +consumed the last of our meat. + + + + +We set out on the 13th, in thick hazy weather, and, after an hour's +march, had the extreme mortification to find ourselves on the +borders of a large lake, which we subsequently learned from the +Indians was named Contwoy-to, or Rum Lake; neither of its extre- +mities could be seen, and as the portion which lay to the east +seemed the widest, we coasted along to the westward portion in +search of a crossing-place. This lake being bounded by steep and +lofty hills, our march was very fatiguing. Those sides which were +exposed to the sun, were free from snow, and we found upon them +some excellent berries. We encamped at six P. M., having come +only six miles and a half. Credit was then missing, and he did not +return during the night. We supped off a single partridge and +some tripe de roche;this unpalatable weed was now quite nau-seous +to the whole party, and in several it produced bowel com-plaints. +Mr. Hood was the greatest sufferer from this cause. This +evening we were extremely distressed, at discovering that our im-provident +companions,since we left Hood's River, had thrown +away three of the fishing-nets, and burnt the floats ; they knew we +had brought them to procure subsistence for the party, when the +animals should fail, and we could scarcely believe the fact of their +having wilfully deprived themselves of this resource, especially +when we considered that most of them had passed the greater part of +their servitude in situations where the nets alone had supplied them +with food. Being thus deprived of our principal resource, that of +fishing, and the men evidently getting weaker every day, it became +necessary to lighten their burthens of every thing except ammunition, +clothing, and the instruments that were required to find our +way. I, therefore, issued directions to deposit at this encampment +the dipping needle, azimuth compass, magnet, a large thermometer, +and a few books we had carried, having torn out of these such parts +as we should require to work the observations for latitude and +longitude. I also promised,as an excitement to the efforts in +hunting, my gun to St. Germain, and an ample compensation to +Adam, or any of the other men who should kill any animals. +Mr. Hood, on this occasion, lent his gun to Michel, the Iroquois, +who was very eager in the chase, and often successful. + + + September 14. + + + + +This morning the officers being assembled round +a small fire, Perrault presented each of us with a small piece of meat +which he had saved from his allowance. It was received with great +thankfulness, and such an act of self-denial and kindness, being +totally unexpected in a Canadian voyager, filled our eyes with tears. +In directing our course to a river issuing from the lake, we met +Credit, who communicated the joyful intelligence of his having +killed two deer in the morning. We instantly halted, and having +shared the deer that was nearest to us, prepared breakfast. After +which, the other deer was sent for, and we went down to the river, +which was about three hundred yards wide, and flowed with +great velocity through a broken rocky channel. Having searched +for a part where the current was most smooth, the canoe was +placed in the water at the head of a rapid, and St. Germain, Solomon +Belanger, and I, embarked in order to cross. We went from the +shore very well, but in mid-channel the canoe became difficult to +manage under our burden as the breeze was fresh. The current +drove us to the edge of the rapid, when Belanger unfortunately +applied his paddle to avert the apparent danger of being forced +down it, and lost his balance. The canoe was overset in con-sequence +in the middle of the rapid. We fortunately kept hold of +it, until we touched a rock where the water did not reach higher +than our waists; here we kept our footing, notwithstanding the +strength of the current, until the water was emptied out of the +canoe. Belanger then held the canoe steady whilst St. Germain +placed me in it, and afterwards embarked himself in a very dexterous +manner. It was impossible, however, to embark Belanger, +as the canoe would have been hurried down the rapid, the moment +he should have raised his foot from the rock on which he stood. +We were, therefore, compelled to leave him in his perilous situation. +We had not gone twenty yards before the canoe, striking on a +sunken rock, went down. The place being shallow, we were again +enabled to empty it, and the third attempt brought us to the shore. +In the mean time Belanger was suffering extremely, immersed to +his middle in the centre of a rapid, the temperature of which was +very little above the freezing point, and the upper part of his body +covered with wet clothes, exposed in a temperature not much above +zero, to a strong breeze. He called piteously for relief, and +St. Germain on his return endeavoured to embark him, but in vain. +The canoe was hurried down the rapid, and when he landed he was +rendered by the cold incapable of further exertion, and Adam at-tempted +to embark Belanger, but found it impossible. An attempt +was next made to carry out to him a line, made of the slings of the +men's loads. This also failed, the current acting so strongly upon +it, as to prevent the canoe from steering, and it was finally broken +and carried down the stream. At length, when Belanger's strength +seemed almost exhausted, the canoe reached him with a small cord +belonging to one of the nets, and he was dragged perfectly senseless +through the rapid. By the direction of Dr. Richardson, he was +instantly stripped, and being rolled up in blankets, two men un-dressed +themselves and went to bed with him; but it was some +hours before he recovered his warmth and sensations. As soon as +Belanger was placed in his bed, the officers immediately sent over +my blankets, and a person to make a fire. Augustus brought the +canoe over, and in returning he was obliged to descend both the +rapids, before he could get across the stream; which hazardous +service he performed with the greatest coolness and judgment. It +is impossible to describe my sensations as I witnessed the various +unsuccessful attempts to relieve Belanger. The distance prevented +my seeing distinctly what was going on, and I continued pacing up +and down upon the rock on which I landed, regardless of the +coldness of my drenched and stiffening garments. The canoe, in +every attempt to reach him, was hurried down the rapid, and was +lost to the view amongst the rocky islets, with a rapidity that +seemed to threaten certain destruction; once, indeed, I fancied that +I saw it overwhelmed in the waves. Such an event would have +been fatal to the whole party. Separated as I was from my com-panions, +without gun, ammunition, hatchet, or the means of making +a fire, and in wet clothes, my doom would have been speedily sealed. +My companions too, driven to the necessity of coasting the lake, +must have sunk under the fatigue of rounding its innumerable arms +and bays, which, as we have learned from the Indians, are very +extensive. By the goodness of Providence, however, we were spared +at that time, and some of us have been permitted to offer up our +thanksgivings, in a civilized land, for the signal deliverances we then +and afterwards experienced. + + + + + diff --git a/examples/fo/pagination/franklin_rep_max_repeats_expl.fo b/examples/fo/pagination/franklin_rep_max_repeats_expl.fo new file mode 100644 index 000000000..321cf56f9 --- /dev/null +++ b/examples/fo/pagination/franklin_rep_max_repeats_expl.fo @@ -0,0 +1,1024 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + John Franklin - Journey to the Shores of the Polar Sea + + + + + + p. + + + + + + + +Journey across the barren Grounds - Difficulty and delay in crossing Copper-Mine River - +Melancholy and fatal Results thereof - Extreme Misery of the whole Party - Murder of +Mr. Hood - Death of several of the Canadians - Desolate State of Fort Enterprise - +Distress suffered at that Place - Dr. Richardson's Narrative - Mr. Back's Narrative - +Conclusion. + + + 1821. August 17. + + + + +MY original intention, whenever the season should +compel us to relinquish the survey, had been to return by the way +of the Copper-Mine River, and in pursuance of my arrangement +with the Hook to travel to Slave Lake through the line of woods +extending thither by the Great Bear and Marten Lakes, but our +scanty stock of provision and the length of the voyage rendered it +necessary to make for a nearer place. We had already found that +the country, between Cape Barrow and the Copper-Mine River, +would not supply our wants, and this it seemed probable would now +be still more the case ; besides, at this advanced season, we expected +the frequent recurrence of gales, which would cause great detention, +if not danger in proceeding along that very rocky part of the coast. +I determined, therefore, to make at once for Arctic Sound, where +we had found the animals more numerous than at any other place ; +and entering Hood's River, to advance up that stream as far as it +was navigable, and then to construct small canoes out of the +materials of the larger ones, which could be carried in crossing the +barren grounds to Fort Enterprise. + + + August 19. + + + + +We were almost beaten out of our comfortless abodes +by rain during the night, and this morning the gale continued +without diminution. The thermometer fell to 33 deg. Two men were +sent with Junius to search for the deer which Augustus had killed. +Junius returned in the evening bringing part of the meat, but owing +to the thickness of the weather, his companions parted from him +and did not make their appearance. Divine service was read. On +the 20th we were presented with the most chilling prospect, the +small pools of water being frozen over, the ground being covered +with snow, and the thermometer at the freezing point at mid-day. +Flights of geese were passing to the southward. The wind however +was more moderate, having changed to the eastward. Considerable +anxiety prevailing respecting Belanger and Michel, the two men +who strayed from Junius yesterday, the rest were sent out to look +for them. The search was successful, and they all returned in the +evening. The stragglers were much fatigued, and had suffered +severely from the cold, one of them having his thighs frozen, and +what under our present circumstances was most grievous, they had +thrown away all the meat. The wind during the night returned to +the north-west quarter, blew more violently than ever, and raised a +very turbulent sea. The next day did not improve our condition, +the snow remained on the ground, and the small pools were frozen. +Our hunters were sent out, but they returned after a fatiguing +day's march without having seen any animals. We made a scanty +meal off a handful of pemmican, after which only half a bag +remained. + + + + +The wind abated after midnight, and the surf diminished rapidly, +which caused us to be on the alert at a very early hour on the 22d, +but we had to wait until six A.M. for the return of Augustus who +had continued out all night on an unsuccessful pursuit of deer. +It appears that he had walked a few miles farther along the coast, +than the party had done on the 18th, and from a sketch he drew on +the sand, we were confirmed in our former opinion that the shore +inclined more to the eastward beyond Point Turnagain. He also +drew a river of considerable size, that discharges its waters into +Walker's Bay; on the banks of which stream he saw a piece of +wood, such as the Esquimaux use in producing fire, and other marks +so fresh that he supposed they had recently visited the spot. We +therefore left several iron materials for them. Our men, cheered by +the prospect of returning, embarked with the utmost alacrity; and, +paddling with unusual vigour, carried us across Riley's and Walker's +Bays, a distance of twenty miles before noon, when we landed on +Slate-Clay Point, as the wind had freshened too much to permit us +to continue the voyage. The whole party went to hunt, but returned +without success in the evening, drenched with the heavy rain which +commenced soon after they had set out. Several deer were seen, +but could not be approached in this naked country; and as our +stock of pemmican did not admit of serving out two meals, we went +dinnerless to bed. + + + + +Soon after our departure to-day, a sealed tin-case, sufficiently +buoyant to float, was thrown overboard, containing a short account of +our proceedings, and the position of the most conspicuous points. +The wind blew off the land, the water was smooth, and as the sea +is in this part more free from islands than in any other, there was +every probability of its being driven off the shore into the current ; +which, as I have before mentioned, we suppose, from the circumstance +of Mackenzie's River being the only known stream that +brings down the wood we have found along the shores, to set to the +eastward. + + + August 23. + + + + +A severe frost caused us to pass a comfortless night. +At two P.M. we set sail, and the men voluntarily launched out to +make a traverse of fifteen miles across Melville Sound, before a +strong wind and heavy sea. The privation of food, under which +our voyagers were then labouring, absorbed every other terror; +otherwise the most powerful persuasion could not have induced +them to attempt such a traverse. It was with the utmost difficulty +that the canoes were kept from turning their broadsides to the +waves, though we sometimes steered with all the paddles. One of +them narrowly escaped being overset by this accident, happening +in mid-channel, where the waves were so high that the mast-head +of our canoe was often hid from the other, though it was sailing +within hail. The annexed plate, from Mr. Back's sketch, will convey +to the reader an accurate idea of the peril of our situation. + + + + +The traverse, however, was made;we were then near a high +rocky lee shore, on which a heavy surf was beating. The wind +being on the beam, the canoes drifted fast to leeward; and, on +rounding a point, the recoil of the sea from the rocks was so great +that they were with difficulty kept from foundering. We looked in +vain for a sheltered bay to land in ; but, at length, being unable to +weather another point, we were obliged to put ashore on the open +beach, which, fortunately, was sandy at this spot. The debarkation +was effected in the manner represented in the plate; and, fortunately, +without further injury than the splitting of the head of +the second canoe, which was easily repaired. + + + + +Our encampment being near to the place where we killed the deer +on the 11th, almost the whole party went out to hunt, but they +returned in the evening without having seen any game. The +berries, however, were ripe and plentiful, and, with the addition +of some country tea, furnished a supper. There were some showers +in the afternoon,and the weather was cold, the thermometer +being 42 deg, but the evening and night were calm and fine. It may be +remarked that the mosquitoes disappeared when the late gales +commenced. + + + August 25. + + + + +Embarking at three A. M., we stretched across +the eastern entrance of Bathurst's Inlet, and arrived at an island, +which I have named after Colonel Barry, of Newton Barry. Some +deer being seen on the beach, the hunters went in pursuit of +them, and succeeded in killing three females, which enabled us to +save our last remaining meal of pemmican. They saw also some +fresh tracks of musk oxen on the banks of a small stream, which +flowed into a lake in the centre of the island. These animals must +have crossed a channel, at least, three miles wide, to reach the nearest +of these islands. Some specimens of variegated pebbles and jasper +were found here imbedded in the amygdaloidal rock. + + + + +Re-embarking at two P.M., and continuing through what was +supposed to be a channel between two islands, we found our passage +barred by a gravelly isthmus of only ten yards in width ; the canoes +and cargoes were carried across it, and we passed into Bathurst's Inlet +through another similar channel, bounded on both sides by steep +rocky hills. The wind then changing from S.E. to N.W. brought +heavy rain, and we encamped at seven P.M., having advanced +eighteen miles. + + + + +Starting this morning with a fresh breeze in our favour, +we soon reached that part of Barry's Island where the canoes were +detained on the 2d and 3rd of this month, and contrary to what we +then experienced, the deer were now plentiful. The hunters killed +two, and we were relieved from all apprehension of an immediate +want of food. One would suppose the deer were about to retire to +the main shore from their assembling at this time in such numbers +on the islands nearest to the coast. Those we saw were generally +females with their young, and all of them very lean. + + + + +The wind continued in the same direction until we had rounded +Point Wollaston, and then changed to a quarter, which enabled us +to steer for Hood's River, which we ascended as high as the first +rapid and encamped. Here terminated our voyage on the Arctic +sea, during which we had gone over six hundred and fifty geographical +miles. Our Canadian voyagers could not restrain their expressions +of joy at having turned their backs on the sea, and +they passed the evening talking over their past adventures with +much humour and no little exaggeration. The consideration that +the most painful, and certainly the most hazardous, part of the +journey was yet to come, did not depress their spirits at all. It is +due to their character to mention that they displayed much courage +in encountering the dangers of the sea, magnified to them by their +novelty. + + + + +The shores between Cape Barrow and Cape Flinders, including +the extensive branches of Arctic and Melville Sounds, and Bathurst's +Inlet, may be comprehended in one great gulf, which I have distinguished +by the appellation of George IV.'s Coronation Gulf, in +honour of His Most Gracious Majesty, the latter name being added +to mark the time of its discovery. The Archipelago of islands which +fringe the coast from Copper-Mine River to Point Turnagain, I have +named in honour of His Royal Highness the Duke of York. + + + + +It may be deserving of notice that the extremes in temperature +of the sea water during our voyage were 53 deg and 35 deg, but its general +temperature was between 43 deg and 48 deg. Throughout our return from +Point Turnagain we observed that the sea had risen several feet +above marks left at our former encampments. This may, perhaps, +be attributed to the north-west gales. + + + August 26. + + + + +Previous to our departure this morning, an assortment +of iron materials, beads, looking-glasses, and other articles +were put up in a conspicuous situation for the Esquimaux, and the +English Union was planted on the loftiest sand-hill, where it might +be seen by any ships passing in the offing. Here also, was deposited +in a tin bow a letter containing an outline of our proceedings, the +latitude and longitude of the principal places, and the course we +intended to pursue towards Slave Lake. + + + + +Embarking at eight A.M. we proceeded up the river, which is full +of sandy shoals, but sufficiently deep for canoes in the channels. It is +from one hundred to two hundred yards wide, and is bounded by high +and steep banks of clay. We encamped at a cascade of eighteen or +twenty feet high, which is produced by a ridge of rock crossing the +river, and the nets were set. A mile below this cascade Hood's +River is joined by a stream half its own size, which I have called +James' Branch. Bear and deer tracks had been numerous on the +banks of the river when we were here before, but not a single recent +one was to be seen at this time. Credit, however, killed a small +deer at some distance inland, which, with the addition of berries, +furnished a delightful repast this evening. The weather was remarkably +fine, and the temperature so mild, that the mosquitoes again +made their appearance, but not in any great numbers. Our distance +made to-day was not more than six miles. + + + + +The next morning the net furnished us with ten white fish +and trout. Having made a further deposit of iron work for the +Esquimaux we pursued our voyage up the river, but the shoals and +rapids in this part were so frequent, that we walked along the banks +the whole day, and the crews laboured hard in carrying the canoes +thus lightened over the shoals or dragging them up the rapids, yet +our journey in a direct line was only about seven miles. In the +evening we encamped at the lower end of a narrow chasm through +which the river flows for upwards of a mile. The walls of this +chasm are upwards of two hundred feet high, quite perpendicular, +and in some places only a few yards apart. The river precipitates +itself into it over a rock, forming two magnificent and picturesque +falls close to each other. The upper fall is about sixty feet high, and +the lower one at least one hundred, but perhaps considerably more, +for the narrowness of the chasm into which it fell prevented us from +seeing its bottom, and we could merely discern the top of the spray +far beneath our feet. The lower fall is divided into two, by an +insulated column of rock which rises about forty feet above it. The +whole descent of the river at this place probably exceeds two +hundred and fifty feet. The rock is very fine felspathose sandstone. +It has a smooth surface and a light red colour. I have named these +magnificent cascades Wilberforce Falls, as a tribute of my respect +for that distinguished philanthropist and Christian. Messrs. Back and +Hood took beautiful sketches of this majestic scene, which are +combined in the annexed plate. + + + + +The river being surveyed from the summit of a hill, above these +falls, appeared so rapid and shallow, that it seemed useless to +attempt proceeding any farther in the large canoes. I therefore +determined on constructing out of their materials two smaller ones +of sufficient size to contain three persons, for the purpose of crossing +any river that might obstruct our progress. This operation was +accordingly commenced, and by the 31st both the canoes being +finished, we prepared for our departure on the following day. + + + + +The leather which had been preserved for making shoes was +equally divided among the men, two pairs of flannel socks were given +to each person, and such articles of warm clothing as remained, were +issued to those who most required them. They were also furnished +with one of the officers' tents. This being done, I communicated to +the men my intention of proceeding in as direct a course as possible +to the part of Point Lake, opposite to our spring encampment +which was only distant one hundred and forty-nine miles in a +straight line. They received the communication cheerfully, considered +the journey to be short, and left me, in high spirits, to +arrange their own packages. The stores, books, &c., which were not +absolutely necessary to be carried, were then put up in boxes to be +left en cache here, in order that the men's burdens might be as light +as possible. + + + + +The next morning was warm, and very fine. Every one was on +the alert at an early hour, being anxious to commence the journey. +Our luggage consisted of ammunition, nets, hatchets, ice chisels, +astronomical instruments, clothing, blankets, three kettles, and +the two canoes, which were each carried by one man. The +officers carried such a portion of their own things as their strength +would permit;the weight carried by each man was about ninety +pounds, and with this we advanced at the rate of about a mile an +hour, including rests. In the evening the hunters killed a lean cow, +out of a large drove of musk-oxen; but the men were too much +laden to carry more than a small portion of its flesh. The alluvial +soil, which towards the mouth of the river spreads into plains, +covered with grass and willows, was now giving place to a more +barren and hilly country; so that we could but just collect sufficient +brush wood to cook our suppers. The part of the river we skirted +to-day was shallow, and flowed over a bed of sand ; its width about +one hundred and twenty yards. About midnight our tent was blown +down by a squall, and we were completely drenched with rain before +it could be re-pitched. + + + + +In the morning of the 1st of September a fall of snow took +place; the canoes became a cause of delay, by the difficulty of +carrying them in a high wind, and they sustained much damage +from the falls of those who had charge of them. The face of the +country was broken by hills of moderate elevation, but the ground +was plentifully strewed with small stones, which, to men bearing +heavy burthens, and whose feet were protected only by soft moose +skin shoes, occasioned great pain. At the end of eleven miles we +encamped, and sent for a musk-ox and a deer, which St. Germain +and Augustus had killed. The day was extremely cold, the ther-mometer +varying between 34 deg and 36 deg. In the afternoon a heavy +fall of snow took place, on the wind changing from north-west to +south-west. We found no wood at the encampment, but made a +fire of moss to cook the supper, and crept under our blankets for +warmth. At sun-rise the thermometer was at 31 deg, and the wind +fresh from north-west; but the weather became mild in the course +of the forenoon, and the snow disappeared from the gravel. The +afternoon was remarkably fine, and the thermometer rose to 50 deg. +One of the hunters killed a musk-ox. The hills in this part are +lower and more round-backed than those we passed yesterday, and +exhibited but little naked rock; they were covered with lichens. + + + + +Having ascertained from the summit of the highest hill near the +tents, that the river continued to preserve a west course; and fear-ing +that by pursuing it further we might lose much time, and un-necessarily +walk over a great deal of ground, I determined on +quitting its banks the next day, and making as directly as we could for +Point Lake. We accordingly followed the river on the 3d, only to +the place where the musk-ox had been killed last evening, and after +the meat was procured, crossed the river in our two canoes lashed +together. We now emerged from the valley of the river, and entered +a level, but very barren, country, varied only by small lakes and +marshes, the ground being covered with small stones. Many old tracks +of rein-deer were seen in the clayey soil, and some more recent +ones of the musk-ox. We encamped on the borders of Wright's +River, which flows to the eastward; the direct distance walked to-day +being ten miles and three-quarters. The next morning was +very fine, and,as the day advanced, the weather became quite +warm. We set out at six A. M., and, having forded the river, +walked over a perfectly level country, interspersed with small lakes, +which communicated with each other, by streams running in various +directions. No berry-bearing plants were found in this part, the +surface of the earth being thinly covered in the moister places with +a few grasses, and on the drier spots with lichens. + + + + +Having walked twelve miles and a half, we encamped at seven P.M., +and distributed our last piece of pemmican, and a little arrow-root +for supper, which afforded but a scanty meal. This evening was +warm, but dark clouds overspread the sky. Our men now began to +find their burdens very oppressive, and were much fatigued by this +day's march, but did not complain. One of them was lame from an +inflammation in the knee. Heavy rain commenced at midnight, and +continued without intermission until five in the morning, when it +was succeeded by snow on the wind changing to north-west, which +soon increased to a violent gale. As we had nothing to eat, and +were destitute of the means of making a fire, we remained in our +beds all the day ; but the covering of our blankets was insufficient to +prevent us from feeling the severity of the frost, and suffering in-convenience +from the drifting of the snow into our tents. There +was no abatement of the storm next day ; our tents were completely +frozen, and the snow had drifted around them to a depth of three +feet, and even in the inside there was a covering of several inches on +our blankets. Our suffering from cold, in a comfortless canvass tent +in such weather, with the temperature at 20 deg, and without fire, +will easily be imagined;it was, however, less than that which we +felt from hunger. + + + + +The morning of the 7th cleared up a little, but the wind was still +strong, and the weather extremely cold. From the unusual con-tinuance +of the storm, we feared the winter had set in with all its +rigour, and that by longer delay we should only be exposed to an +accumulation of difficulties; we therefore prepared for our journey, +although we were in a very unfit condition for starting, being weak +from fasting, and our garments stiffened by the frost. We had no +means of making a fire to thaw them, the moss, at all times difficult +to kindle, being now covered with ice and snow. A considerable +time was consumed in packing up the frozen tents and bed clothes, +the wind blowing so strong that no one could keep his hands long +out of his mittens. + + + + +Just as we were about to commence our march, I was seized with +a fainting fit, in consequence of exhaustion and sudden exposure to +the wind; but after eating a morsel of portable soup, I recovered, so +far as to be able to move on. I was unwilling at first to take this +morsel of soup, which was diminishing the small and only remaining +meal for the party; but several of the men urged me to it, with +much kindness. The ground was covered a foot deep with snow, +the margin of the lakes was incrusted with ice, and the swamps over +which we had to pass were entirely frozen; but the ice not being +sufficiently strong to bear us, we frequently plunged knee-deep in +water. Those who carried the canoes were repeatedly blown down +by the violence of the wind, and they often fell, from making an +insecure step on a slippery stone; on one of these occasions, the +largest canoe was so much broken as to be rendered utterly unser-viceable. +This was felt as a serious disaster, as the remaining canoe +having through mistake been made too small, it was doubtful +whether it would be sufficient to carry us across a river. Indeed +we had found it necessary in crossing Hood's River, to lash the two +canoes together. As there was some suspicion that Benoit, who +carried the canoe, had broken it intentionally, he having on a former +occasion been overheard by some of the men to say, that he would +do so when he got it in charge, we closely examined him on the +point; he roundly denied having used the expressions attributed to +him, and insisted that it was broken by his falling accidentally; and +as he brought men to attest the latter fact, who saw him tumble, we +did not press the matter further. I may here remark that our +people had murmured a good deal at having to carry two canoes, +though they were informed of the necessity of taking both, in case +it should be deemed advisable to divide the party; which it had +been thought probable we should be obliged to do, if animals proved +scarce, in order to give the whole the better chance of procuring +subsistence, and also for the purpose of sending forward some of the +best walkers to search for Indians, and to get them to meet us with +supplies of provision. The power of doing this was now at an end. +As the accident could not be remedied we turned it to the best +account by making a fire of the bark and timbers of the broken +vessel, and cooked the remainder of our portable soup and arrow-root. +This was a scanty meal after three days' fasting, but it served +to allay the pangs of hunger, and enabled us to proceed at a quicker +pace than before. The depth of the snow caused us to march in +Indian file, that is in each other's steps; the voyagers taking it in +turn to lead the party. A distant object was pointed out to this +man in the direction we wished to take, and Mr. Hood followed +immediately behind him, to renew the bearings, and keep him from +deviating more than could be helped from the mark. It may be +here observed, that we proceeded in this manner throughout our +route across the barren grounds. + + + + +In the afternoon we got into a more hilly country, where the +ground was strewed with large stones. The surface of these was +covered with lichens of the genus gyrophora, which the Canadians +term tripe de roche. A considerable quantity was gathered, and +with half a partridge each, (which were shot in the course of the +day,) furnished us with a slender supper, which we cooked with a +few willows, dug up from beneath the snow. We passed a comfortless +night in our damp clothes, but took the precaution of sleeping upon +our socks and shoes to prevent them from freezing. This plan was +afterwards adopted throughout the journey. + + + + +At half past five in the morning we proceeded; and after walking +about two miles, came to Cracroft's River, flowing to the westward, +with a very rapid current over a rocky channel. We had much diffi-culty +in crossing this, the canoe being useless, not only from the bot-tom +of the channel being obstructed by large stones, but also from its +requiring gumming, an operation which, owing to the want of wood +and the frost, we were unable to perform. However, after following +the course of the river some way, we effected a passage by means of a +range of large rocks that crossed a rapid. As the current was strong, +and many of the rocks were covered with water to the depth of two +or three feet, the men were exposed to much danger in carrying their +heavy burthens across, and several of them actually slipped into the +stream, but were immediately rescued by the others. Junius went +farther up the river in search of a better crossing place, and did not +rejoin us to-day. As several of the party were drenched from head to +foot, and we were all wet to the middle, our clothes became stiff with +the frost, and we walked with much pain for the remainder of the day. +The march was continued to a late hour, being anxious to rejoin the +hunters who had gone before, but we were obliged to encamp at the +end of ten miles and a quarter, without seeing them. Our only +meal to-day consisted of a partridge each, (which the hunters shot,) +mixed with tripe de roche. This repast although scanty for men, +with appetites such as our daily fatigue created, proved a cheerful +one, and was received with thankfulness. Most of the men had to +sleep in the open air, in consequence of the absence of Credit, who +carried their tent; but we fortunately found an unusual quantity of +roots to make a fire, which prevented their suffering much from the +cold, though the thermometer was at 17 deg. + + + + +We started at six on the 9th, and at the end of two miles re-gained +our hunters, who were halting on the borders of a lake amidst +a clump of stunted willows. This lake stretched to the westward as +far as we could see, and its waters were discharged by a rapid stream +one hundred and fifty yards wide. Being entirely ignorant where +we might be led by pursuing the course of the lake, and dreading +the idea of going a mile unnecessarily out of the way, we deter-mined +on crossing the river if possible; and the canoe was gummed +for the purpose, the willows furnishing us with fire. But we had to +await the return of Junius before we could make the traverse. In +the mean time we gathered a little tripe de roche, and breakfasted +upon it and a few partridges that were killed in the morning. +St. Germain and Adam were sent upon some recent tracks of deer. +Junius arrived in the afternoon, and informed us that he had seen +a large herd of musk-oxen on the banks of Cracroft's River, and had +wounded one of them, but it had escaped. He brought about four +pounds of meat, the remains of a deer that had been devoured by +the wolves. The poor fellow was much fatigued, having walked +throughout the night, but as the weather was particularly favourable +for our crossing the river, we could not allow him to rest. After he +had taken some refreshment we proceeded to the river. The canoe +being put into the water was found extremely ticklish, but it was +managed with much dexterity by St. Germain, Adam, and Peltier, +who ferried over one passenger at a time, causing him to lie flat in its +bottom, by no means a pleasant position, owing to its leakiness, but +there was no alternative. The transport of the whole party was +effected by five o'clock, and we walked about two miles further, and +encamped, having come five miles and three quarters on a south-west +course. Two young alpine hares were shot by St. Germain, which, +with the small piece of meat brought in by Junius, furnished the +supper of the whole party. There was no tripe de roche here. The +country had now become decidedly hilly, and was covered with snow. +The lake preserved its western direction, as far as I could see from +the summit of the highest mountain near the encampment. We +subsequently learned from the Copper Indians, that the part at +which we had crossed the river was the Congecatha-wha-chaga of +Hearne, of which I had little idea at the time, not only from the +difference of latitude, but also from its being so much farther east of +the mouth of the Copper-Mine River, than his track is laid down. +He only making one degree and three quarters difference of lon-gitude, +and we, upwards of four. Had I been aware of the fact, +several days harassing march, and a disastrous accident would have +been prevented by keeping on the western side of the lake, instead +of crossing the river. We were informed also, that this river is +the Anatessy or River of Strangers, and is supposed to fall into +Bathurst's Inlet; but although the Indians have visited its mouth, +their description was not sufficient to identify it with any of the +rivers whose mouths we had seen. It probably falls in that part of +the coast which was hid from our view by Goulburn's or Elliot's +Islands. + + + September 10. + + + + +We had a cold north wind, and the atmosphere +was foggy. The thermometer 18 deg at five A.M. In the course of +our march this morning, we passed many small lakes; and the +ground becoming higher and more hilly as we receded from the +river, was covered to a much greater depth with snow. This ren-dered +walking not only extremely laborious, but also hazardous in +the highest degree;for the sides of the hills, as is usual throughout +the barren grounds, abounding in accumulations of large angular +stones, it often happened that the men fell into the interstices +with their loads on their backs, being deceived by the smooth +appearance of the drifted snow. If any one had broken a limb +here, his fate would have been melancholy indeed; we could neither +have remained with him, nor carried him on. We halted at ten to +gather tripe de roche,but it was so frozen, that we were quite +benumbed with cold before a sufficiency could be collected even for +a scanty meal. On proceeding our men were somewhat cheered, by +observing on the sandy summit of a hill, from whence the snow had +been blown, the summer track of a man; and afterwards by seeing +several deer tracks on the snow. About noon the weather cleared +up a little, and, to our great joy, we saw a herd of musk-oxen +grazing in a valley below us. The party instantly halted, and the +best hunters were sent out; they approached the animals with the +utmost caution, no less than two hours being consumed before they +got within gun-shot. In the mean time we beheld their proceed-ings +with extreme anxiety, and many secret prayers were, doubtless, +offered up for their success. At length they opened their fire, and +we had the satisfaction of seeing one of the largest cows fall; another +was wounded, but escaped. This success infused spirit into our +starving party. To skin and cut up the animal was the work of a +few minutes. The contents of its stomach were devoured upon +the spot, and the raw intestines, which were next attacked, were +pronounced by the most delicate amongst us to be excellent. A few +willows, whose tops were seen peeping through the snow in the bottom +of the valley, were quickly grubbed, the tents pitched, and supper +cooked, and devoured with avidity. This was the sixth day since we +had had a good meal. The tripe de roche, even where we got +enough, only serving to allay the pangs of hunger for a short time. +After supper, two of the hunters went in pursuit of the herd, but +could not get near them. + + + + +We were detained all the next day by a strong southerly wind, +and were much incommoded in the tents by the drift snow. The +temperature was 20 deg. The average for the last ten days about +24.5 deg. We restricted ourselves to one meal to-day as we were at +rest, and there was only meat remaining sufficient for the next day. + + + + +The gale had not diminished on the 12th, and, as we were +fearful of its continuance for some time, we determined on going +forward; our only doubt regarded the preservation of the canoe, +but the men promised to pay particular attention to it, and the +most careful persons were appointed to take it in charge. The snow +was two feet deep, and the ground much broken, which rendered +the march extremely painful. The whole party complained more of +faintness and weakness than they had ever done before; their +strength seemed to have been impaired by the recent supply of +animal food. In the afternoon the wind abated, and the snow ceased; +cheered with the change we proceeded forward at a quicker pace, +and encamped at six P. M., having come eleven miles. Our supper +consumed the last of our meat. + + + + +We set out on the 13th, in thick hazy weather, and, after an hour's +march, had the extreme mortification to find ourselves on the +borders of a large lake, which we subsequently learned from the +Indians was named Contwoy-to, or Rum Lake; neither of its extre- +mities could be seen, and as the portion which lay to the east +seemed the widest, we coasted along to the westward portion in +search of a crossing-place. This lake being bounded by steep and +lofty hills, our march was very fatiguing. Those sides which were +exposed to the sun, were free from snow, and we found upon them +some excellent berries. We encamped at six P. M., having come +only six miles and a half. Credit was then missing, and he did not +return during the night. We supped off a single partridge and +some tripe de roche;this unpalatable weed was now quite nau-seous +to the whole party, and in several it produced bowel com-plaints. +Mr. Hood was the greatest sufferer from this cause. This +evening we were extremely distressed, at discovering that our im-provident +companions,since we left Hood's River, had thrown +away three of the fishing-nets, and burnt the floats ; they knew we +had brought them to procure subsistence for the party, when the +animals should fail, and we could scarcely believe the fact of their +having wilfully deprived themselves of this resource, especially +when we considered that most of them had passed the greater part of +their servitude in situations where the nets alone had supplied them +with food. Being thus deprived of our principal resource, that of +fishing, and the men evidently getting weaker every day, it became +necessary to lighten their burthens of every thing except ammunition, +clothing, and the instruments that were required to find our +way. I, therefore, issued directions to deposit at this encampment +the dipping needle, azimuth compass, magnet, a large thermometer, +and a few books we had carried, having torn out of these such parts +as we should require to work the observations for latitude and +longitude. I also promised,as an excitement to the efforts in +hunting, my gun to St. Germain, and an ample compensation to +Adam, or any of the other men who should kill any animals. +Mr. Hood, on this occasion, lent his gun to Michel, the Iroquois, +who was very eager in the chase, and often successful. + + + September 14. + + + + +This morning the officers being assembled round +a small fire, Perrault presented each of us with a small piece of meat +which he had saved from his allowance. It was received with great +thankfulness, and such an act of self-denial and kindness, being +totally unexpected in a Canadian voyager, filled our eyes with tears. +In directing our course to a river issuing from the lake, we met +Credit, who communicated the joyful intelligence of his having +killed two deer in the morning. We instantly halted, and having +shared the deer that was nearest to us, prepared breakfast. After +which, the other deer was sent for, and we went down to the river, +which was about three hundred yards wide, and flowed with +great velocity through a broken rocky channel. Having searched +for a part where the current was most smooth, the canoe was +placed in the water at the head of a rapid, and St. Germain, Solomon +Belanger, and I, embarked in order to cross. We went from the +shore very well, but in mid-channel the canoe became difficult to +manage under our burden as the breeze was fresh. The current +drove us to the edge of the rapid, when Belanger unfortunately +applied his paddle to avert the apparent danger of being forced +down it, and lost his balance. The canoe was overset in con-sequence +in the middle of the rapid. We fortunately kept hold of +it, until we touched a rock where the water did not reach higher +than our waists; here we kept our footing, notwithstanding the +strength of the current, until the water was emptied out of the +canoe. Belanger then held the canoe steady whilst St. Germain +placed me in it, and afterwards embarked himself in a very dexterous +manner. It was impossible, however, to embark Belanger, +as the canoe would have been hurried down the rapid, the moment +he should have raised his foot from the rock on which he stood. +We were, therefore, compelled to leave him in his perilous situation. +We had not gone twenty yards before the canoe, striking on a +sunken rock, went down. The place being shallow, we were again +enabled to empty it, and the third attempt brought us to the shore. +In the mean time Belanger was suffering extremely, immersed to +his middle in the centre of a rapid, the temperature of which was +very little above the freezing point, and the upper part of his body +covered with wet clothes, exposed in a temperature not much above +zero, to a strong breeze. He called piteously for relief, and +St. Germain on his return endeavoured to embark him, but in vain. +The canoe was hurried down the rapid, and when he landed he was +rendered by the cold incapable of further exertion, and Adam at-tempted +to embark Belanger, but found it impossible. An attempt +was next made to carry out to him a line, made of the slings of the +men's loads. This also failed, the current acting so strongly upon +it, as to prevent the canoe from steering, and it was finally broken +and carried down the stream. At length, when Belanger's strength +seemed almost exhausted, the canoe reached him with a small cord +belonging to one of the nets, and he was dragged perfectly senseless +through the rapid. By the direction of Dr. Richardson, he was +instantly stripped, and being rolled up in blankets, two men un-dressed +themselves and went to bed with him; but it was some +hours before he recovered his warmth and sensations. As soon as +Belanger was placed in his bed, the officers immediately sent over +my blankets, and a person to make a fire. Augustus brought the +canoe over, and in returning he was obliged to descend both the +rapids, before he could get across the stream; which hazardous +service he performed with the greatest coolness and judgment. It +is impossible to describe my sensations as I witnessed the various +unsuccessful attempts to relieve Belanger. The distance prevented +my seeing distinctly what was going on, and I continued pacing up +and down upon the rock on which I landed, regardless of the +coldness of my drenched and stiffening garments. The canoe, in +every attempt to reach him, was hurried down the rapid, and was +lost to the view amongst the rocky islets, with a rapidity that +seemed to threaten certain destruction; once, indeed, I fancied that +I saw it overwhelmed in the waves. Such an event would have +been fatal to the whole party. Separated as I was from my com-panions, +without gun, ammunition, hatchet, or the means of making +a fire, and in wet clothes, my doom would have been speedily sealed. +My companions too, driven to the necessity of coasting the lake, +must have sunk under the fatigue of rounding its innumerable arms +and bays, which, as we have learned from the Indians, are very +extensive. By the goodness of Providence, however, we were spared +at that time, and some of us have been permitted to offer up our +thanksgivings, in a civilized land, for the signal deliverances we then +and afterwards experienced. + + + + + diff --git a/examples/fo/pagination/franklin_rep_max_repeats_nl.fo b/examples/fo/pagination/franklin_rep_max_repeats_nl.fo new file mode 100644 index 000000000..05e6c2aef --- /dev/null +++ b/examples/fo/pagination/franklin_rep_max_repeats_nl.fo @@ -0,0 +1,1024 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + John Franklin - Journey to the Shores of the Polar Sea + + + + + + p. + + + + + + + +Journey across the barren Grounds - Difficulty and delay in crossing Copper-Mine River - +Melancholy and fatal Results thereof - Extreme Misery of the whole Party - Murder of +Mr. Hood - Death of several of the Canadians - Desolate State of Fort Enterprise - +Distress suffered at that Place - Dr. Richardson's Narrative - Mr. Back's Narrative - +Conclusion. + + + 1821. August 17. + + + + +MY original intention, whenever the season should +compel us to relinquish the survey, had been to return by the way +of the Copper-Mine River, and in pursuance of my arrangement +with the Hook to travel to Slave Lake through the line of woods +extending thither by the Great Bear and Marten Lakes, but our +scanty stock of provision and the length of the voyage rendered it +necessary to make for a nearer place. We had already found that +the country, between Cape Barrow and the Copper-Mine River, +would not supply our wants, and this it seemed probable would now +be still more the case ; besides, at this advanced season, we expected +the frequent recurrence of gales, which would cause great detention, +if not danger in proceeding along that very rocky part of the coast. +I determined, therefore, to make at once for Arctic Sound, where +we had found the animals more numerous than at any other place ; +and entering Hood's River, to advance up that stream as far as it +was navigable, and then to construct small canoes out of the +materials of the larger ones, which could be carried in crossing the +barren grounds to Fort Enterprise. + + + August 19. + + + + +We were almost beaten out of our comfortless abodes +by rain during the night, and this morning the gale continued +without diminution. The thermometer fell to 33 deg. Two men were +sent with Junius to search for the deer which Augustus had killed. +Junius returned in the evening bringing part of the meat, but owing +to the thickness of the weather, his companions parted from him +and did not make their appearance. Divine service was read. On +the 20th we were presented with the most chilling prospect, the +small pools of water being frozen over, the ground being covered +with snow, and the thermometer at the freezing point at mid-day. +Flights of geese were passing to the southward. The wind however +was more moderate, having changed to the eastward. Considerable +anxiety prevailing respecting Belanger and Michel, the two men +who strayed from Junius yesterday, the rest were sent out to look +for them. The search was successful, and they all returned in the +evening. The stragglers were much fatigued, and had suffered +severely from the cold, one of them having his thighs frozen, and +what under our present circumstances was most grievous, they had +thrown away all the meat. The wind during the night returned to +the north-west quarter, blew more violently than ever, and raised a +very turbulent sea. The next day did not improve our condition, +the snow remained on the ground, and the small pools were frozen. +Our hunters were sent out, but they returned after a fatiguing +day's march without having seen any animals. We made a scanty +meal off a handful of pemmican, after which only half a bag +remained. + + + + +The wind abated after midnight, and the surf diminished rapidly, +which caused us to be on the alert at a very early hour on the 22d, +but we had to wait until six A.M. for the return of Augustus who +had continued out all night on an unsuccessful pursuit of deer. +It appears that he had walked a few miles farther along the coast, +than the party had done on the 18th, and from a sketch he drew on +the sand, we were confirmed in our former opinion that the shore +inclined more to the eastward beyond Point Turnagain. He also +drew a river of considerable size, that discharges its waters into +Walker's Bay; on the banks of which stream he saw a piece of +wood, such as the Esquimaux use in producing fire, and other marks +so fresh that he supposed they had recently visited the spot. We +therefore left several iron materials for them. Our men, cheered by +the prospect of returning, embarked with the utmost alacrity; and, +paddling with unusual vigour, carried us across Riley's and Walker's +Bays, a distance of twenty miles before noon, when we landed on +Slate-Clay Point, as the wind had freshened too much to permit us +to continue the voyage. The whole party went to hunt, but returned +without success in the evening, drenched with the heavy rain which +commenced soon after they had set out. Several deer were seen, +but could not be approached in this naked country; and as our +stock of pemmican did not admit of serving out two meals, we went +dinnerless to bed. + + + + +Soon after our departure to-day, a sealed tin-case, sufficiently +buoyant to float, was thrown overboard, containing a short account of +our proceedings, and the position of the most conspicuous points. +The wind blew off the land, the water was smooth, and as the sea +is in this part more free from islands than in any other, there was +every probability of its being driven off the shore into the current ; +which, as I have before mentioned, we suppose, from the circumstance +of Mackenzie's River being the only known stream that +brings down the wood we have found along the shores, to set to the +eastward. + + + August 23. + + + + +A severe frost caused us to pass a comfortless night. +At two P.M. we set sail, and the men voluntarily launched out to +make a traverse of fifteen miles across Melville Sound, before a +strong wind and heavy sea. The privation of food, under which +our voyagers were then labouring, absorbed every other terror; +otherwise the most powerful persuasion could not have induced +them to attempt such a traverse. It was with the utmost difficulty +that the canoes were kept from turning their broadsides to the +waves, though we sometimes steered with all the paddles. One of +them narrowly escaped being overset by this accident, happening +in mid-channel, where the waves were so high that the mast-head +of our canoe was often hid from the other, though it was sailing +within hail. The annexed plate, from Mr. Back's sketch, will convey +to the reader an accurate idea of the peril of our situation. + + + + +The traverse, however, was made;we were then near a high +rocky lee shore, on which a heavy surf was beating. The wind +being on the beam, the canoes drifted fast to leeward; and, on +rounding a point, the recoil of the sea from the rocks was so great +that they were with difficulty kept from foundering. We looked in +vain for a sheltered bay to land in ; but, at length, being unable to +weather another point, we were obliged to put ashore on the open +beach, which, fortunately, was sandy at this spot. The debarkation +was effected in the manner represented in the plate; and, fortunately, +without further injury than the splitting of the head of +the second canoe, which was easily repaired. + + + + +Our encampment being near to the place where we killed the deer +on the 11th, almost the whole party went out to hunt, but they +returned in the evening without having seen any game. The +berries, however, were ripe and plentiful, and, with the addition +of some country tea, furnished a supper. There were some showers +in the afternoon,and the weather was cold, the thermometer +being 42 deg, but the evening and night were calm and fine. It may be +remarked that the mosquitoes disappeared when the late gales +commenced. + + + August 25. + + + + +Embarking at three A. M., we stretched across +the eastern entrance of Bathurst's Inlet, and arrived at an island, +which I have named after Colonel Barry, of Newton Barry. Some +deer being seen on the beach, the hunters went in pursuit of +them, and succeeded in killing three females, which enabled us to +save our last remaining meal of pemmican. They saw also some +fresh tracks of musk oxen on the banks of a small stream, which +flowed into a lake in the centre of the island. These animals must +have crossed a channel, at least, three miles wide, to reach the nearest +of these islands. Some specimens of variegated pebbles and jasper +were found here imbedded in the amygdaloidal rock. + + + + +Re-embarking at two P.M., and continuing through what was +supposed to be a channel between two islands, we found our passage +barred by a gravelly isthmus of only ten yards in width ; the canoes +and cargoes were carried across it, and we passed into Bathurst's Inlet +through another similar channel, bounded on both sides by steep +rocky hills. The wind then changing from S.E. to N.W. brought +heavy rain, and we encamped at seven P.M., having advanced +eighteen miles. + + + + +Starting this morning with a fresh breeze in our favour, +we soon reached that part of Barry's Island where the canoes were +detained on the 2d and 3rd of this month, and contrary to what we +then experienced, the deer were now plentiful. The hunters killed +two, and we were relieved from all apprehension of an immediate +want of food. One would suppose the deer were about to retire to +the main shore from their assembling at this time in such numbers +on the islands nearest to the coast. Those we saw were generally +females with their young, and all of them very lean. + + + + +The wind continued in the same direction until we had rounded +Point Wollaston, and then changed to a quarter, which enabled us +to steer for Hood's River, which we ascended as high as the first +rapid and encamped. Here terminated our voyage on the Arctic +sea, during which we had gone over six hundred and fifty geographical +miles. Our Canadian voyagers could not restrain their expressions +of joy at having turned their backs on the sea, and +they passed the evening talking over their past adventures with +much humour and no little exaggeration. The consideration that +the most painful, and certainly the most hazardous, part of the +journey was yet to come, did not depress their spirits at all. It is +due to their character to mention that they displayed much courage +in encountering the dangers of the sea, magnified to them by their +novelty. + + + + +The shores between Cape Barrow and Cape Flinders, including +the extensive branches of Arctic and Melville Sounds, and Bathurst's +Inlet, may be comprehended in one great gulf, which I have distinguished +by the appellation of George IV.'s Coronation Gulf, in +honour of His Most Gracious Majesty, the latter name being added +to mark the time of its discovery. The Archipelago of islands which +fringe the coast from Copper-Mine River to Point Turnagain, I have +named in honour of His Royal Highness the Duke of York. + + + + +It may be deserving of notice that the extremes in temperature +of the sea water during our voyage were 53 deg and 35 deg, but its general +temperature was between 43 deg and 48 deg. Throughout our return from +Point Turnagain we observed that the sea had risen several feet +above marks left at our former encampments. This may, perhaps, +be attributed to the north-west gales. + + + August 26. + + + + +Previous to our departure this morning, an assortment +of iron materials, beads, looking-glasses, and other articles +were put up in a conspicuous situation for the Esquimaux, and the +English Union was planted on the loftiest sand-hill, where it might +be seen by any ships passing in the offing. Here also, was deposited +in a tin bow a letter containing an outline of our proceedings, the +latitude and longitude of the principal places, and the course we +intended to pursue towards Slave Lake. + + + + +Embarking at eight A.M. we proceeded up the river, which is full +of sandy shoals, but sufficiently deep for canoes in the channels. It is +from one hundred to two hundred yards wide, and is bounded by high +and steep banks of clay. We encamped at a cascade of eighteen or +twenty feet high, which is produced by a ridge of rock crossing the +river, and the nets were set. A mile below this cascade Hood's +River is joined by a stream half its own size, which I have called +James' Branch. Bear and deer tracks had been numerous on the +banks of the river when we were here before, but not a single recent +one was to be seen at this time. Credit, however, killed a small +deer at some distance inland, which, with the addition of berries, +furnished a delightful repast this evening. The weather was remarkably +fine, and the temperature so mild, that the mosquitoes again +made their appearance, but not in any great numbers. Our distance +made to-day was not more than six miles. + + + + +The next morning the net furnished us with ten white fish +and trout. Having made a further deposit of iron work for the +Esquimaux we pursued our voyage up the river, but the shoals and +rapids in this part were so frequent, that we walked along the banks +the whole day, and the crews laboured hard in carrying the canoes +thus lightened over the shoals or dragging them up the rapids, yet +our journey in a direct line was only about seven miles. In the +evening we encamped at the lower end of a narrow chasm through +which the river flows for upwards of a mile. The walls of this +chasm are upwards of two hundred feet high, quite perpendicular, +and in some places only a few yards apart. The river precipitates +itself into it over a rock, forming two magnificent and picturesque +falls close to each other. The upper fall is about sixty feet high, and +the lower one at least one hundred, but perhaps considerably more, +for the narrowness of the chasm into which it fell prevented us from +seeing its bottom, and we could merely discern the top of the spray +far beneath our feet. The lower fall is divided into two, by an +insulated column of rock which rises about forty feet above it. The +whole descent of the river at this place probably exceeds two +hundred and fifty feet. The rock is very fine felspathose sandstone. +It has a smooth surface and a light red colour. I have named these +magnificent cascades Wilberforce Falls, as a tribute of my respect +for that distinguished philanthropist and Christian. Messrs. Back and +Hood took beautiful sketches of this majestic scene, which are +combined in the annexed plate. + + + + +The river being surveyed from the summit of a hill, above these +falls, appeared so rapid and shallow, that it seemed useless to +attempt proceeding any farther in the large canoes. I therefore +determined on constructing out of their materials two smaller ones +of sufficient size to contain three persons, for the purpose of crossing +any river that might obstruct our progress. This operation was +accordingly commenced, and by the 31st both the canoes being +finished, we prepared for our departure on the following day. + + + + +The leather which had been preserved for making shoes was +equally divided among the men, two pairs of flannel socks were given +to each person, and such articles of warm clothing as remained, were +issued to those who most required them. They were also furnished +with one of the officers' tents. This being done, I communicated to +the men my intention of proceeding in as direct a course as possible +to the part of Point Lake, opposite to our spring encampment +which was only distant one hundred and forty-nine miles in a +straight line. They received the communication cheerfully, considered +the journey to be short, and left me, in high spirits, to +arrange their own packages. The stores, books, &c., which were not +absolutely necessary to be carried, were then put up in boxes to be +left en cache here, in order that the men's burdens might be as light +as possible. + + + + +The next morning was warm, and very fine. Every one was on +the alert at an early hour, being anxious to commence the journey. +Our luggage consisted of ammunition, nets, hatchets, ice chisels, +astronomical instruments, clothing, blankets, three kettles, and +the two canoes, which were each carried by one man. The +officers carried such a portion of their own things as their strength +would permit;the weight carried by each man was about ninety +pounds, and with this we advanced at the rate of about a mile an +hour, including rests. In the evening the hunters killed a lean cow, +out of a large drove of musk-oxen; but the men were too much +laden to carry more than a small portion of its flesh. The alluvial +soil, which towards the mouth of the river spreads into plains, +covered with grass and willows, was now giving place to a more +barren and hilly country; so that we could but just collect sufficient +brush wood to cook our suppers. The part of the river we skirted +to-day was shallow, and flowed over a bed of sand ; its width about +one hundred and twenty yards. About midnight our tent was blown +down by a squall, and we were completely drenched with rain before +it could be re-pitched. + + + + +In the morning of the 1st of September a fall of snow took +place; the canoes became a cause of delay, by the difficulty of +carrying them in a high wind, and they sustained much damage +from the falls of those who had charge of them. The face of the +country was broken by hills of moderate elevation, but the ground +was plentifully strewed with small stones, which, to men bearing +heavy burthens, and whose feet were protected only by soft moose +skin shoes, occasioned great pain. At the end of eleven miles we +encamped, and sent for a musk-ox and a deer, which St. Germain +and Augustus had killed. The day was extremely cold, the ther-mometer +varying between 34 deg and 36 deg. In the afternoon a heavy +fall of snow took place, on the wind changing from north-west to +south-west. We found no wood at the encampment, but made a +fire of moss to cook the supper, and crept under our blankets for +warmth. At sun-rise the thermometer was at 31 deg, and the wind +fresh from north-west; but the weather became mild in the course +of the forenoon, and the snow disappeared from the gravel. The +afternoon was remarkably fine, and the thermometer rose to 50 deg. +One of the hunters killed a musk-ox. The hills in this part are +lower and more round-backed than those we passed yesterday, and +exhibited but little naked rock; they were covered with lichens. + + + + +Having ascertained from the summit of the highest hill near the +tents, that the river continued to preserve a west course; and fear-ing +that by pursuing it further we might lose much time, and un-necessarily +walk over a great deal of ground, I determined on +quitting its banks the next day, and making as directly as we could for +Point Lake. We accordingly followed the river on the 3d, only to +the place where the musk-ox had been killed last evening, and after +the meat was procured, crossed the river in our two canoes lashed +together. We now emerged from the valley of the river, and entered +a level, but very barren, country, varied only by small lakes and +marshes, the ground being covered with small stones. Many old tracks +of rein-deer were seen in the clayey soil, and some more recent +ones of the musk-ox. We encamped on the borders of Wright's +River, which flows to the eastward; the direct distance walked to-day +being ten miles and three-quarters. The next morning was +very fine, and,as the day advanced, the weather became quite +warm. We set out at six A. M., and, having forded the river, +walked over a perfectly level country, interspersed with small lakes, +which communicated with each other, by streams running in various +directions. No berry-bearing plants were found in this part, the +surface of the earth being thinly covered in the moister places with +a few grasses, and on the drier spots with lichens. + + + + +Having walked twelve miles and a half, we encamped at seven P.M., +and distributed our last piece of pemmican, and a little arrow-root +for supper, which afforded but a scanty meal. This evening was +warm, but dark clouds overspread the sky. Our men now began to +find their burdens very oppressive, and were much fatigued by this +day's march, but did not complain. One of them was lame from an +inflammation in the knee. Heavy rain commenced at midnight, and +continued without intermission until five in the morning, when it +was succeeded by snow on the wind changing to north-west, which +soon increased to a violent gale. As we had nothing to eat, and +were destitute of the means of making a fire, we remained in our +beds all the day ; but the covering of our blankets was insufficient to +prevent us from feeling the severity of the frost, and suffering in-convenience +from the drifting of the snow into our tents. There +was no abatement of the storm next day ; our tents were completely +frozen, and the snow had drifted around them to a depth of three +feet, and even in the inside there was a covering of several inches on +our blankets. Our suffering from cold, in a comfortless canvass tent +in such weather, with the temperature at 20 deg, and without fire, +will easily be imagined;it was, however, less than that which we +felt from hunger. + + + + +The morning of the 7th cleared up a little, but the wind was still +strong, and the weather extremely cold. From the unusual con-tinuance +of the storm, we feared the winter had set in with all its +rigour, and that by longer delay we should only be exposed to an +accumulation of difficulties; we therefore prepared for our journey, +although we were in a very unfit condition for starting, being weak +from fasting, and our garments stiffened by the frost. We had no +means of making a fire to thaw them, the moss, at all times difficult +to kindle, being now covered with ice and snow. A considerable +time was consumed in packing up the frozen tents and bed clothes, +the wind blowing so strong that no one could keep his hands long +out of his mittens. + + + + +Just as we were about to commence our march, I was seized with +a fainting fit, in consequence of exhaustion and sudden exposure to +the wind; but after eating a morsel of portable soup, I recovered, so +far as to be able to move on. I was unwilling at first to take this +morsel of soup, which was diminishing the small and only remaining +meal for the party; but several of the men urged me to it, with +much kindness. The ground was covered a foot deep with snow, +the margin of the lakes was incrusted with ice, and the swamps over +which we had to pass were entirely frozen; but the ice not being +sufficiently strong to bear us, we frequently plunged knee-deep in +water. Those who carried the canoes were repeatedly blown down +by the violence of the wind, and they often fell, from making an +insecure step on a slippery stone; on one of these occasions, the +largest canoe was so much broken as to be rendered utterly unser-viceable. +This was felt as a serious disaster, as the remaining canoe +having through mistake been made too small, it was doubtful +whether it would be sufficient to carry us across a river. Indeed +we had found it necessary in crossing Hood's River, to lash the two +canoes together. As there was some suspicion that Benoit, who +carried the canoe, had broken it intentionally, he having on a former +occasion been overheard by some of the men to say, that he would +do so when he got it in charge, we closely examined him on the +point; he roundly denied having used the expressions attributed to +him, and insisted that it was broken by his falling accidentally; and +as he brought men to attest the latter fact, who saw him tumble, we +did not press the matter further. I may here remark that our +people had murmured a good deal at having to carry two canoes, +though they were informed of the necessity of taking both, in case +it should be deemed advisable to divide the party; which it had +been thought probable we should be obliged to do, if animals proved +scarce, in order to give the whole the better chance of procuring +subsistence, and also for the purpose of sending forward some of the +best walkers to search for Indians, and to get them to meet us with +supplies of provision. The power of doing this was now at an end. +As the accident could not be remedied we turned it to the best +account by making a fire of the bark and timbers of the broken +vessel, and cooked the remainder of our portable soup and arrow-root. +This was a scanty meal after three days' fasting, but it served +to allay the pangs of hunger, and enabled us to proceed at a quicker +pace than before. The depth of the snow caused us to march in +Indian file, that is in each other's steps; the voyagers taking it in +turn to lead the party. A distant object was pointed out to this +man in the direction we wished to take, and Mr. Hood followed +immediately behind him, to renew the bearings, and keep him from +deviating more than could be helped from the mark. It may be +here observed, that we proceeded in this manner throughout our +route across the barren grounds. + + + + +In the afternoon we got into a more hilly country, where the +ground was strewed with large stones. The surface of these was +covered with lichens of the genus gyrophora, which the Canadians +term tripe de roche. A considerable quantity was gathered, and +with half a partridge each, (which were shot in the course of the +day,) furnished us with a slender supper, which we cooked with a +few willows, dug up from beneath the snow. We passed a comfortless +night in our damp clothes, but took the precaution of sleeping upon +our socks and shoes to prevent them from freezing. This plan was +afterwards adopted throughout the journey. + + + + +At half past five in the morning we proceeded; and after walking +about two miles, came to Cracroft's River, flowing to the westward, +with a very rapid current over a rocky channel. We had much diffi-culty +in crossing this, the canoe being useless, not only from the bot-tom +of the channel being obstructed by large stones, but also from its +requiring gumming, an operation which, owing to the want of wood +and the frost, we were unable to perform. However, after following +the course of the river some way, we effected a passage by means of a +range of large rocks that crossed a rapid. As the current was strong, +and many of the rocks were covered with water to the depth of two +or three feet, the men were exposed to much danger in carrying their +heavy burthens across, and several of them actually slipped into the +stream, but were immediately rescued by the others. Junius went +farther up the river in search of a better crossing place, and did not +rejoin us to-day. As several of the party were drenched from head to +foot, and we were all wet to the middle, our clothes became stiff with +the frost, and we walked with much pain for the remainder of the day. +The march was continued to a late hour, being anxious to rejoin the +hunters who had gone before, but we were obliged to encamp at the +end of ten miles and a quarter, without seeing them. Our only +meal to-day consisted of a partridge each, (which the hunters shot,) +mixed with tripe de roche. This repast although scanty for men, +with appetites such as our daily fatigue created, proved a cheerful +one, and was received with thankfulness. Most of the men had to +sleep in the open air, in consequence of the absence of Credit, who +carried their tent; but we fortunately found an unusual quantity of +roots to make a fire, which prevented their suffering much from the +cold, though the thermometer was at 17 deg. + + + + +We started at six on the 9th, and at the end of two miles re-gained +our hunters, who were halting on the borders of a lake amidst +a clump of stunted willows. This lake stretched to the westward as +far as we could see, and its waters were discharged by a rapid stream +one hundred and fifty yards wide. Being entirely ignorant where +we might be led by pursuing the course of the lake, and dreading +the idea of going a mile unnecessarily out of the way, we deter-mined +on crossing the river if possible; and the canoe was gummed +for the purpose, the willows furnishing us with fire. But we had to +await the return of Junius before we could make the traverse. In +the mean time we gathered a little tripe de roche, and breakfasted +upon it and a few partridges that were killed in the morning. +St. Germain and Adam were sent upon some recent tracks of deer. +Junius arrived in the afternoon, and informed us that he had seen +a large herd of musk-oxen on the banks of Cracroft's River, and had +wounded one of them, but it had escaped. He brought about four +pounds of meat, the remains of a deer that had been devoured by +the wolves. The poor fellow was much fatigued, having walked +throughout the night, but as the weather was particularly favourable +for our crossing the river, we could not allow him to rest. After he +had taken some refreshment we proceeded to the river. The canoe +being put into the water was found extremely ticklish, but it was +managed with much dexterity by St. Germain, Adam, and Peltier, +who ferried over one passenger at a time, causing him to lie flat in its +bottom, by no means a pleasant position, owing to its leakiness, but +there was no alternative. The transport of the whole party was +effected by five o'clock, and we walked about two miles further, and +encamped, having come five miles and three quarters on a south-west +course. Two young alpine hares were shot by St. Germain, which, +with the small piece of meat brought in by Junius, furnished the +supper of the whole party. There was no tripe de roche here. The +country had now become decidedly hilly, and was covered with snow. +The lake preserved its western direction, as far as I could see from +the summit of the highest mountain near the encampment. We +subsequently learned from the Copper Indians, that the part at +which we had crossed the river was the Congecatha-wha-chaga of +Hearne, of which I had little idea at the time, not only from the +difference of latitude, but also from its being so much farther east of +the mouth of the Copper-Mine River, than his track is laid down. +He only making one degree and three quarters difference of lon-gitude, +and we, upwards of four. Had I been aware of the fact, +several days harassing march, and a disastrous accident would have +been prevented by keeping on the western side of the lake, instead +of crossing the river. We were informed also, that this river is +the Anatessy or River of Strangers, and is supposed to fall into +Bathurst's Inlet; but although the Indians have visited its mouth, +their description was not sufficient to identify it with any of the +rivers whose mouths we had seen. It probably falls in that part of +the coast which was hid from our view by Goulburn's or Elliot's +Islands. + + + September 10. + + + + +We had a cold north wind, and the atmosphere +was foggy. The thermometer 18 deg at five A.M. In the course of +our march this morning, we passed many small lakes; and the +ground becoming higher and more hilly as we receded from the +river, was covered to a much greater depth with snow. This ren-dered +walking not only extremely laborious, but also hazardous in +the highest degree;for the sides of the hills, as is usual throughout +the barren grounds, abounding in accumulations of large angular +stones, it often happened that the men fell into the interstices +with their loads on their backs, being deceived by the smooth +appearance of the drifted snow. If any one had broken a limb +here, his fate would have been melancholy indeed; we could neither +have remained with him, nor carried him on. We halted at ten to +gather tripe de roche,but it was so frozen, that we were quite +benumbed with cold before a sufficiency could be collected even for +a scanty meal. On proceeding our men were somewhat cheered, by +observing on the sandy summit of a hill, from whence the snow had +been blown, the summer track of a man; and afterwards by seeing +several deer tracks on the snow. About noon the weather cleared +up a little, and, to our great joy, we saw a herd of musk-oxen +grazing in a valley below us. The party instantly halted, and the +best hunters were sent out; they approached the animals with the +utmost caution, no less than two hours being consumed before they +got within gun-shot. In the mean time we beheld their proceed-ings +with extreme anxiety, and many secret prayers were, doubtless, +offered up for their success. At length they opened their fire, and +we had the satisfaction of seeing one of the largest cows fall; another +was wounded, but escaped. This success infused spirit into our +starving party. To skin and cut up the animal was the work of a +few minutes. The contents of its stomach were devoured upon +the spot, and the raw intestines, which were next attacked, were +pronounced by the most delicate amongst us to be excellent. A few +willows, whose tops were seen peeping through the snow in the bottom +of the valley, were quickly grubbed, the tents pitched, and supper +cooked, and devoured with avidity. This was the sixth day since we +had had a good meal. The tripe de roche, even where we got +enough, only serving to allay the pangs of hunger for a short time. +After supper, two of the hunters went in pursuit of the herd, but +could not get near them. + + + + +We were detained all the next day by a strong southerly wind, +and were much incommoded in the tents by the drift snow. The +temperature was 20 deg. The average for the last ten days about +24.5 deg. We restricted ourselves to one meal to-day as we were at +rest, and there was only meat remaining sufficient for the next day. + + + + +The gale had not diminished on the 12th, and, as we were +fearful of its continuance for some time, we determined on going +forward; our only doubt regarded the preservation of the canoe, +but the men promised to pay particular attention to it, and the +most careful persons were appointed to take it in charge. The snow +was two feet deep, and the ground much broken, which rendered +the march extremely painful. The whole party complained more of +faintness and weakness than they had ever done before; their +strength seemed to have been impaired by the recent supply of +animal food. In the afternoon the wind abated, and the snow ceased; +cheered with the change we proceeded forward at a quicker pace, +and encamped at six P. M., having come eleven miles. Our supper +consumed the last of our meat. + + + + +We set out on the 13th, in thick hazy weather, and, after an hour's +march, had the extreme mortification to find ourselves on the +borders of a large lake, which we subsequently learned from the +Indians was named Contwoy-to, or Rum Lake; neither of its extre- +mities could be seen, and as the portion which lay to the east +seemed the widest, we coasted along to the westward portion in +search of a crossing-place. This lake being bounded by steep and +lofty hills, our march was very fatiguing. Those sides which were +exposed to the sun, were free from snow, and we found upon them +some excellent berries. We encamped at six P. M., having come +only six miles and a half. Credit was then missing, and he did not +return during the night. We supped off a single partridge and +some tripe de roche;this unpalatable weed was now quite nau-seous +to the whole party, and in several it produced bowel com-plaints. +Mr. Hood was the greatest sufferer from this cause. This +evening we were extremely distressed, at discovering that our im-provident +companions,since we left Hood's River, had thrown +away three of the fishing-nets, and burnt the floats ; they knew we +had brought them to procure subsistence for the party, when the +animals should fail, and we could scarcely believe the fact of their +having wilfully deprived themselves of this resource, especially +when we considered that most of them had passed the greater part of +their servitude in situations where the nets alone had supplied them +with food. Being thus deprived of our principal resource, that of +fishing, and the men evidently getting weaker every day, it became +necessary to lighten their burthens of every thing except ammunition, +clothing, and the instruments that were required to find our +way. I, therefore, issued directions to deposit at this encampment +the dipping needle, azimuth compass, magnet, a large thermometer, +and a few books we had carried, having torn out of these such parts +as we should require to work the observations for latitude and +longitude. I also promised,as an excitement to the efforts in +hunting, my gun to St. Germain, and an ample compensation to +Adam, or any of the other men who should kill any animals. +Mr. Hood, on this occasion, lent his gun to Michel, the Iroquois, +who was very eager in the chase, and often successful. + + + September 14. + + + + +This morning the officers being assembled round +a small fire, Perrault presented each of us with a small piece of meat +which he had saved from his allowance. It was received with great +thankfulness, and such an act of self-denial and kindness, being +totally unexpected in a Canadian voyager, filled our eyes with tears. +In directing our course to a river issuing from the lake, we met +Credit, who communicated the joyful intelligence of his having +killed two deer in the morning. We instantly halted, and having +shared the deer that was nearest to us, prepared breakfast. After +which, the other deer was sent for, and we went down to the river, +which was about three hundred yards wide, and flowed with +great velocity through a broken rocky channel. Having searched +for a part where the current was most smooth, the canoe was +placed in the water at the head of a rapid, and St. Germain, Solomon +Belanger, and I, embarked in order to cross. We went from the +shore very well, but in mid-channel the canoe became difficult to +manage under our burden as the breeze was fresh. The current +drove us to the edge of the rapid, when Belanger unfortunately +applied his paddle to avert the apparent danger of being forced +down it, and lost his balance. The canoe was overset in con-sequence +in the middle of the rapid. We fortunately kept hold of +it, until we touched a rock where the water did not reach higher +than our waists; here we kept our footing, notwithstanding the +strength of the current, until the water was emptied out of the +canoe. Belanger then held the canoe steady whilst St. Germain +placed me in it, and afterwards embarked himself in a very dexterous +manner. It was impossible, however, to embark Belanger, +as the canoe would have been hurried down the rapid, the moment +he should have raised his foot from the rock on which he stood. +We were, therefore, compelled to leave him in his perilous situation. +We had not gone twenty yards before the canoe, striking on a +sunken rock, went down. The place being shallow, we were again +enabled to empty it, and the third attempt brought us to the shore. +In the mean time Belanger was suffering extremely, immersed to +his middle in the centre of a rapid, the temperature of which was +very little above the freezing point, and the upper part of his body +covered with wet clothes, exposed in a temperature not much above +zero, to a strong breeze. He called piteously for relief, and +St. Germain on his return endeavoured to embark him, but in vain. +The canoe was hurried down the rapid, and when he landed he was +rendered by the cold incapable of further exertion, and Adam at-tempted +to embark Belanger, but found it impossible. An attempt +was next made to carry out to him a line, made of the slings of the +men's loads. This also failed, the current acting so strongly upon +it, as to prevent the canoe from steering, and it was finally broken +and carried down the stream. At length, when Belanger's strength +seemed almost exhausted, the canoe reached him with a small cord +belonging to one of the nets, and he was dragged perfectly senseless +through the rapid. By the direction of Dr. Richardson, he was +instantly stripped, and being rolled up in blankets, two men un-dressed +themselves and went to bed with him; but it was some +hours before he recovered his warmth and sensations. As soon as +Belanger was placed in his bed, the officers immediately sent over +my blankets, and a person to make a fire. Augustus brought the +canoe over, and in returning he was obliged to descend both the +rapids, before he could get across the stream; which hazardous +service he performed with the greatest coolness and judgment. It +is impossible to describe my sensations as I witnessed the various +unsuccessful attempts to relieve Belanger. The distance prevented +my seeing distinctly what was going on, and I continued pacing up +and down upon the rock on which I landed, regardless of the +coldness of my drenched and stiffening garments. The canoe, in +every attempt to reach him, was hurried down the rapid, and was +lost to the view amongst the rocky islets, with a rapidity that +seemed to threaten certain destruction; once, indeed, I fancied that +I saw it overwhelmed in the waves. Such an event would have +been fatal to the whole party. Separated as I was from my com-panions, +without gun, ammunition, hatchet, or the means of making +a fire, and in wet clothes, my doom would have been speedily sealed. +My companions too, driven to the necessity of coasting the lake, +must have sunk under the fatigue of rounding its innumerable arms +and bays, which, as we have learned from the Indians, are very +extensive. By the goodness of Providence, however, we were spared +at that time, and some of us have been permitted to offer up our +thanksgivings, in a civilized land, for the signal deliverances we then +and afterwards experienced. + + + + + diff --git a/examples/fo/region_body/simplecol.fo b/examples/fo/region_body/simplecol.fo new file mode 100644 index 000000000..413702f8b --- /dev/null +++ b/examples/fo/region_body/simplecol.fo @@ -0,0 +1,151 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Columns in FOP + + + + Page # + + + + + + Block 0: + The Extensible Markup Language (XML) is a subset of SGML that is completely described in this document. Its goal is to + enable generic SGML to be served, received, and processed on the Web in the way that is now possible with HTML. XML + has been designed for ease of implementation and for interoperability with both SGML and HTML. For further information + read normal.pdf. + + + + + Block 1: + The Extensible Markup Language (XML) is a subset of SGML that is completely described in this document. Its goal is to + enable generic SGML to be served, received, and processed on the Web in the way that is now possible with HTML. XML + has been designed for ease of implementation and for interoperability with both SGML and HTML. For further information + read normal.pdf. + + + + + Block 2: + The Extensible Markup Language (XML) is a subset of SGML that is completely described in this document. Its goal is to + enable generic SGML to be served, received, and processed on the Web in the way that is now possible with HTML. XML + has been designed for ease of implementation and for interoperability with both SGML and HTML. For further information + read normal.pdf. + + + + + Block 3: + The Extensible Markup Language (XML) is a subset of SGML that is completely described in this document. Its goal is to + enable generic SGML to be served, received, and processed on the Web in the way that is now possible with HTML. XML + has been designed for ease of implementation and for interoperability with both SGML and HTML. For further information + read normal.pdf. + + + + + Block 4: + The Extensible Markup Language (XML) is a subset of SGML that is completely described in this document. Its goal is to + enable generic SGML to be served, received, and processed on the Web in the way that is now possible with HTML. XML + has been designed for ease of implementation and for interoperability with both SGML and HTML. For further information + read normal.pdf. + + + + + Block 5: + The Extensible Markup Language (XML) is a subset of SGML that is completely described in this document. Its goal is to + enable generic SGML to be served, received, and processed on the Web in the way that is now possible with HTML. XML + has been designed for ease of implementation and for interoperability with both SGML and HTML. For further information + read normal.pdf. + + + + + Block 6: + The Extensible Markup Language (XML) is a subset of SGML that is completely described in this document. Its goal is to + enable generic SGML to be served, received, and processed on the Web in the way that is now possible with HTML. XML + has been designed for ease of implementation and for interoperability with both SGML and HTML. For further information + read normal.pdf. + + + + diff --git a/examples/fo/region_body/simplecol2.fo b/examples/fo/region_body/simplecol2.fo new file mode 100644 index 000000000..eb7f41a01 --- /dev/null +++ b/examples/fo/region_body/simplecol2.fo @@ -0,0 +1,183 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Columns in FOP + + + + Page # + + + + + + Block 0: + The Extensible Markup Language (XML) is a subset of SGML that is completely described in this document. Its goal is to + enable generic SGML to be served, received, and processed on the Web in the way that is now possible with HTML. XML + has been designed for ease of implementation and for interoperability with both SGML and HTML. For further information + read normal.pdf. XML has associated with it a great number of other standards, most of them under W3C (World-Wide + Web Consortium) auspices. Among these are XML Namespaces, XML Pointer, XPath, XSLT, XHTML, SVG, RELAX, SOAP, and any + number of others. This file has been prepared using formatting objects, an XML vocabulary described in the XSL + specification of October 18, 2000. Formatting objects are used to specify pagination and composition, and are + intended for high-quality, precision layout-driven formatting. + + + + + Block 1: + The Extensible Markup Language (XML) is a subset of SGML that is completely described in this document. Its goal is to + enable generic SGML to be served, received, and processed on the Web in the way that is now possible with HTML. XML + has been designed for ease of implementation and for interoperability with both SGML and HTML. For further information + read normal.pdf. XML has associated with it a great number of other standards, most of them under W3C (World-Wide + Web Consortium) auspices. Among these are XML Namespaces, XML Pointer, XPath, XSLT, XHTML, SVG, RELAX, SOAP, and any + number of others. This file has been prepared using formatting objects, an XML vocabulary described in the XSL + specification of October 18, 2000. Formatting objects are used to specify pagination and composition, and are + intended for high-quality, precision layout-driven formatting. + + + + + Block 2: + The Extensible Markup Language (XML) is a subset of SGML that is completely described in this document. Its goal is to + enable generic SGML to be served, received, and processed on the Web in the way that is now possible with HTML. XML + has been designed for ease of implementation and for interoperability with both SGML and HTML. For further information + read normal.pdf. + + + + + Block 3: + The Extensible Markup Language (XML) is a subset of SGML that is completely described in this document. Its goal is to + enable generic SGML to be served, received, and processed on the Web in the way that is now possible with HTML. XML + has been designed for ease of implementation and for interoperability with both SGML and HTML. For further information + read normal.pdf. + + + + + Block 4: + The Extensible Markup Language (XML) is a subset of SGML that is completely described in this document. Its goal is to + enable generic SGML to be served, received, and processed on the Web in the way that is now possible with HTML. XML + has been designed for ease of implementation and for interoperability with both SGML and HTML. For further information + read normal.pdf. + + + + + Block 5: + The Extensible Markup Language (XML) is a subset of SGML that is completely described in this document. Its goal is to + enable generic SGML to be served, received, and processed on the Web in the way that is now possible with HTML. XML + has been designed for ease of implementation and for interoperability with both SGML and HTML. For further information + read normal.pdf. + + + + + Block 6: + The Extensible Markup Language (XML) is a subset of SGML that is completely described in this document. Its goal is to + enable generic SGML to be served, received, and processed on the Web in the way that is now possible with HTML. XML + has been designed for ease of implementation and for interoperability with both SGML and HTML. For further information + read normal.pdf. XML has associated with it a great number of other standards, most of them under W3C (World-Wide + Web Consortium) auspices. Among these are XML Namespaces, XML Pointer, XPath, XSLT, XHTML, SVG, RELAX, SOAP, and any + number of others. This file has been prepared using formatting objects, an XML vocabulary described in the XSL + specification of October 18, 2000. Formatting objects are used to specify pagination and composition, and are + intended for high-quality, precision layout-driven formatting. + + + + + Block 7: + The Extensible Markup Language (XML) is a subset of SGML that is completely described in this document. Its goal is to + enable generic SGML to be served, received, and processed on the Web in the way that is now possible with HTML. XML + has been designed for ease of implementation and for interoperability with both SGML and HTML. For further information + read normal.pdf. XML has associated with it a great number of other standards, most of them under W3C (World-Wide + Web Consortium) auspices. Among these are XML Namespaces, XML Pointer, XPath, XSLT, XHTML, SVG, RELAX, SOAP, and any + number of others. This file has been prepared using formatting objects, an XML vocabulary described in the XSL + specification of October 18, 2000. Formatting objects are used to specify pagination and composition, and are + intended for high-quality, precision layout-driven formatting. + + + + + diff --git a/examples/fo/region_body/simplecol3.fo b/examples/fo/region_body/simplecol3.fo new file mode 100644 index 000000000..52d8467be --- /dev/null +++ b/examples/fo/region_body/simplecol3.fo @@ -0,0 +1,197 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Columns in FOP + + + + Page # + + + + + + Block 0: + The Extensible Markup Language (XML) is a subset of SGML that is completely described in this document. Its goal is to + enable generic SGML to be served, received, and processed on the Web in the way that is now possible with HTML. XML + has been designed for ease of implementation and for interoperability with both SGML and HTML. For further information + read normal.pdf. + + + + + Block 1: + The Extensible Markup Language (XML) is a subset of SGML that is completely described in this document. Its goal is to + enable generic SGML to be served, received, and processed on the Web in the way that is now possible with HTML. XML + has been designed for ease of implementation and for interoperability with both SGML and HTML. For further information + read normal.pdf. + + + + + Block 2: + The Extensible Markup Language (XML) is a subset of SGML that is completely described in this document. Its goal is to + enable generic SGML to be served, received, and processed on the Web in the way that is now possible with HTML. XML + has been designed for ease of implementation and for interoperability with both SGML and HTML. For further information + read normal.pdf. + + + + + Block 3: + The Extensible Markup Language (XML) is a subset of SGML that is completely described in this document. Its goal is to + enable generic SGML to be served, received, and processed on the Web in the way that is now possible with HTML. XML + has been designed for ease of implementation and for interoperability with both SGML and HTML. For further information + read normal.pdf. + + + + + Block 4: + The Extensible Markup Language (XML) is a subset of SGML that is completely described in this document. Its goal is to + enable generic SGML to be served, received, and processed on the Web in the way that is now possible with HTML. XML + has been designed for ease of implementation and for interoperability with both SGML and HTML. For further information + read normal.pdf. + + + + + Block 5: + The Extensible Markup Language (XML) is a subset of SGML that is completely described in this document. Its goal is to + enable generic SGML to be served, received, and processed on the Web in the way that is now possible with HTML. XML + has been designed for ease of implementation and for interoperability with both SGML and HTML. For further information + read normal.pdf. + + + + + Block 6: + The Extensible Markup Language (XML) is a subset of SGML that is completely described in this document. Its goal is to + enable generic SGML to be served, received, and processed on the Web in the way that is now possible with HTML. XML + has been designed for ease of implementation and for interoperability with both SGML and HTML. For further information + read normal.pdf. + + + + + Block 7: + The Extensible Markup Language (XML) is a subset of SGML that is completely described in this document. Its goal is to + enable generic SGML to be served, received, and processed on the Web in the way that is now possible with HTML. XML + has been designed for ease of implementation and for interoperability with both SGML and HTML. For further information + read normal.pdf. + + + + + Block 8: + The Extensible Markup Language (XML) is a subset of SGML that is completely described in this document. Its goal is to + enable generic SGML to be served, received, and processed on the Web in the way that is now possible with HTML. XML + has been designed for ease of implementation and for interoperability with both SGML and HTML. For further information + read normal.pdf. + + + + + Block 9: + The Extensible Markup Language (XML) is a subset of SGML that is completely described in this document. Its goal is to + enable generic SGML to be served, received, and processed on the Web in the way that is now possible with HTML. XML + has been designed for ease of implementation and for interoperability with both SGML and HTML. For further information + read normal.pdf. + + + + + diff --git a/examples/fo/region_body/simplecol4.fo b/examples/fo/region_body/simplecol4.fo new file mode 100644 index 000000000..53b270f57 --- /dev/null +++ b/examples/fo/region_body/simplecol4.fo @@ -0,0 +1,197 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Columns in FOP + + + + Page # + + + + + + Block 0: + The Extensible Markup Language (XML) is a subset of SGML that is completely described in this document. Its goal is to + enable generic SGML to be served, received, and processed on the Web in the way that is now possible with HTML. XML + has been designed for ease of implementation and for interoperability with both SGML and HTML. For further information + read normal.pdf. + + + + + Block 1: + The Extensible Markup Language (XML) is a subset of SGML that is completely described in this document. Its goal is to + enable generic SGML to be served, received, and processed on the Web in the way that is now possible with HTML. XML + has been designed for ease of implementation and for interoperability with both SGML and HTML. For further information + read normal.pdf. + + + + + Block 2: + The Extensible Markup Language (XML) is a subset of SGML that is completely described in this document. Its goal is to + enable generic SGML to be served, received, and processed on the Web in the way that is now possible with HTML. XML + has been designed for ease of implementation and for interoperability with both SGML and HTML. For further information + read normal.pdf. + + + + + Block 3: + The Extensible Markup Language (XML) is a subset of SGML that is completely described in this document. Its goal is to + enable generic SGML to be served, received, and processed on the Web in the way that is now possible with HTML. XML + has been designed for ease of implementation and for interoperability with both SGML and HTML. For further information + read normal.pdf. + + + + + Block 4: + The Extensible Markup Language (XML) is a subset of SGML that is completely described in this document. Its goal is to + enable generic SGML to be served, received, and processed on the Web in the way that is now possible with HTML. XML + has been designed for ease of implementation and for interoperability with both SGML and HTML. For further information + read normal.pdf. + + + + + Block 5: + The Extensible Markup Language (XML) is a subset of SGML that is completely described in this document. Its goal is to + enable generic SGML to be served, received, and processed on the Web in the way that is now possible with HTML. XML + has been designed for ease of implementation and for interoperability with both SGML and HTML. For further information + read normal.pdf. + + + + + Block 6: + The Extensible Markup Language (XML) is a subset of SGML that is completely described in this document. Its goal is to + enable generic SGML to be served, received, and processed on the Web in the way that is now possible with HTML. XML + has been designed for ease of implementation and for interoperability with both SGML and HTML. For further information + read normal.pdf. + + + + + Block 7: + The Extensible Markup Language (XML) is a subset of SGML that is completely described in this document. Its goal is to + enable generic SGML to be served, received, and processed on the Web in the way that is now possible with HTML. XML + has been designed for ease of implementation and for interoperability with both SGML and HTML. For further information + read normal.pdf. + + + + + Block 8: + The Extensible Markup Language (XML) is a subset of SGML that is completely described in this document. Its goal is to + enable generic SGML to be served, received, and processed on the Web in the way that is now possible with HTML. XML + has been designed for ease of implementation and for interoperability with both SGML and HTML. For further information + read normal.pdf. + + + + + Block 9: + The Extensible Markup Language (XML) is a subset of SGML that is completely described in this document. Its goal is to + enable generic SGML to be served, received, and processed on the Web in the way that is now possible with HTML. XML + has been designed for ease of implementation and for interoperability with both SGML and HTML. For further information + read normal.pdf. + + + + + diff --git a/examples/fo/runtests.bat b/examples/fo/runtests.bat new file mode 100755 index 000000000..2089df644 --- /dev/null +++ b/examples/fo/runtests.bat @@ -0,0 +1,38 @@ +@echo off + +echo Fop Test +echo ---------------- + +if "%JAVA_HOME%" == "" goto error + + +set LIBDIR=..\..\lib +set LOCALCLASSPATH=%JAVA_HOME%\lib\tools.jar;%JAVA_HOME%\lib\classes.zip +set LOCALCLASSPATH=%LOCALCLASSPATH%;%LIBDIR%\ant-1.5.1.jar +set LOCALCLASSPATH=%LOCALCLASSPATH%;%LIBDIR%\xml-apis.jar +set LOCALCLASSPATH=%LOCALCLASSPATH%;%LIBDIR%\xercesImpl-2.2.1.jar +set LOCALCLASSPATH=%LOCALCLASSPATH%;%LIBDIR%\xalan-2.4.1.jar +set LOCALCLASSPATH=%LOCALCLASSPATH%;%LIBDIR%\batik.jar +set LOCALCLASSPATH=%LOCALCLASSPATH%;%LIBDIR%\avalon-framework-cvs-20020806.jar +set LOCALCLASSPATH=%LOCALCLASSPATH%;%LIBDIR%\jimi-1.0.jar +set LOCALCLASSPATH=%LOCALCLASSPATH%;%LIBDIR%\jai_core.jar +set LOCALCLASSPATH=%LOCALCLASSPATH%;%LIBDIR%\jai_codec.jar +set LOCALCLASSPATH=%LOCALCLASSPATH%;%LIBDIR%\..\build\fop.jar +set ANT_HOME=%LIBDIR% + +echo Starting Tests ... + +%JAVA_HOME%\bin\java.exe -Dant.home=%ANT_HOME% -classpath %LOCALCLASSPATH%;%CLASSPATH% org.apache.tools.ant.Main %1 %2 %3 %4 %5 + +goto end + +:error + +echo ERROR: JAVA_HOME not found in your environment. +echo Please, set the JAVA_HOME variable in your environment to match the +echo location of the Java Virtual Machine you want to use. + +:end + +rem set LOCALCLASSPATH= + diff --git a/examples/fo/runtests.sh b/examples/fo/runtests.sh new file mode 100644 index 000000000..0cf422bf0 --- /dev/null +++ b/examples/fo/runtests.sh @@ -0,0 +1,55 @@ +#!/bin/sh + +echo +echo "Fop Test" +echo "----------------" +echo + +if [ "$JAVA_HOME" = "" ] ; then + echo "ERROR: JAVA_HOME not found in your environment." + echo + echo "Please, set the JAVA_HOME variable in your environment to match the" + echo "location of the Java Virtual Machine you want to use." + exit 1 +fi +# OS specific support. $var _must_ be set to either true or false. +cygwin=false; +case "`uname`" in + CYGWIN*) cygwin=true ;; +esac + +# For Cygwin, ensure paths are in UNIX format before anything is touched +if $cygwin ; then + [ -n "$JAVA_HOME" ] && + JAVA_HOME=`cygpath --unix "$JAVA_HOME"` +fi + + +LIBDIR=../../lib +LOCALCLASSPATH=$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/classes.zip +LOCALCLASSPATH=$LOCALCLASSPATH:$LIBDIR/ant-1.5.1.jar +LOCALCLASSPATH=$LOCALCLASSPATH:$LIBDIR/xml-apis.jar +LOCALCLASSPATH=$LOCALCLASSPATH:$LIBDIR/xercesImpl-2.2.1.jar +LOCALCLASSPATH=$LOCALCLASSPATH:$LIBDIR/xalan-2.4.1.jar +LOCALCLASSPATH=$LOCALCLASSPATH:$LIBDIR/batik.jar +LOCALCLASSPATH=$LOCALCLASSPATH:$LIBDIR/avalon-framework-cvs-20020806.jar +LOCALCLASSPATH=$LOCALCLASSPATH:$LIBDIR/jimi-1.0.jar +LOCALCLASSPATH=$LOCALCLASSPATH:$LIBDIR/jai_core.jar +LOCALCLASSPATH=$LOCALCLASSPATH:$LIBDIR/jai_codec.jar +LOCALCLASSPATH=$LOCALCLASSPATH:$LIBDIR/../build/fop.jar + +ANT_HOME=$LIBDIR + +# For Cygwin, switch paths to Windows format before running java +if $cygwin; then + JAVA_HOME=`cygpath --path --windows "$JAVA_HOME"` + LOCALCLASSPATH=`cygpath --path --windows "$LOCALCLASSPATH"` +fi + +echo Building with classpath $CLASSPATH:$LOCALCLASSPATH +echo + +echo Starting Tests... +echo + +$JAVA_HOME/bin/java -Dant.home=$ANT_HOME -classpath "$LOCALCLASSPATH:$CLASSPATH" org.apache.tools.ant.Main $* diff --git a/examples/fo/svg/boxes.svg b/examples/fo/svg/boxes.svg new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b86c9b8d2 --- /dev/null +++ b/examples/fo/svg/boxes.svg @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ + + + + + + + + + + diff --git a/examples/fo/svg/embedding.fo b/examples/fo/svg/embedding.fo new file mode 100644 index 000000000..44af97da5 --- /dev/null +++ b/examples/fo/svg/embedding.fo @@ -0,0 +1,1082 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + Embedding SVG examples + + + Page + + + + + + Embedding SVG + + + + + + +A less cute tiger + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +Some examples of how to embed an SVG image inside your FO documents + + + +Introduction + + + +This document shows some examples of how an SVG document can be embedded directly in +an fo document and how FOP will render it. + + + +There are a couple of ways to specify the XML for embedding. +There are a number of factors which specify exactly how the SVG image will be rendered, such as size, clipping etc. + + + +Note: if you want to know about SVG itself you should consult the appropriate SVG resource. The Batik Project is a good resource for information about SVG and samples etc. + + + +XML Syntax + + + +Here we have some examples of how the XML can be specified in the fo document. + + + + + + + + +This first example specifies the name space on the instream-foreign-object using the xmlns:svg attribute. +Then all the svg elements start with the svg: namespace prefix. It can be specified on any element +above where the svg:svg tag appears (eg. fo:root). + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +]]> + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +This example specifies the name space on the svg:svg element using the xmlns:svg attribute. +Then all the svg elements start with the svg: namespace prefix. +It is able to determine the namespace for the current element. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +]]> + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +This example specifies the namespace for the current element, rather than for the svg: prefix. +This means that all elements under this one are assumed to have the same namespace. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +]]> + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +Sizing + + + + The size of the instream-foreign-object is obtained in a number of ways. + + + + + + + + + +Specify the size on the instream-foreign-object element. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +]]> + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +Specify the size on the svg document element. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +]]> + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +Specify the size on the svg document element and for the content size on the instream-foreign-object. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +]]> + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +Clipping + + + + + + + +Interesting Functionality + + + + + + + + + + diff --git a/examples/fo/svg/external.fo b/examples/fo/svg/external.fo new file mode 100644 index 000000000..be2b8687e --- /dev/null +++ b/examples/fo/svg/external.fo @@ -0,0 +1,132 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + External SVG examples + + + Page + + + + + + External SVG + + + + + + + + +Some examples of how to reference external SVG images in your FO documents + + + +Introduction + + + +This document shows some examples of how an SVG document can be in an external svg file +which is referenced using the fo:external-graphic. + + + + + + +Examples + + + +The following svg document is obtained from an external file using the fo:external-graphic. + + + + + + + +This svg document () is also obtained from +an external file using the fo:external-graphic. It has another svg image inside and references +part of another svg image. + + + +This inline svg document ( + + + + + + + + + + + +) has an external svg image inside and references part of another svg image. + + + +Apart from this external svg images should behave in the same way that other types of +external graphics do. + + + +The following example shows how you could scale an external svg file. + + + + + + + + + + +and + + + + + + + +and + + + + + + + + + +This example is an svg from an external image: + +it has a viewbox that resizes the contents. + + + + + + diff --git a/examples/fo/svg/multi.svg b/examples/fo/svg/multi.svg new file mode 100644 index 000000000..bf492806d --- /dev/null +++ b/examples/fo/svg/multi.svg @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + diff --git a/examples/fo/svg/ref.svg b/examples/fo/svg/ref.svg new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e3f75c6a0 --- /dev/null +++ b/examples/fo/svg/ref.svg @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ + + + + + + FOP + + + diff --git a/examples/fo/svg/view.svg b/examples/fo/svg/view.svg new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4704ec9ec --- /dev/null +++ b/examples/fo/svg/view.svg @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ + + + + + + + + + + diff --git a/examples/fo/tables/background.fo b/examples/fo/tables/background.fo new file mode 100644 index 000000000..32be35e2f --- /dev/null +++ b/examples/fo/tables/background.fo @@ -0,0 +1,789 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + table examples + + + Page + + + + + + Table 1: cell background + + + + + + + + + + + + + + green cell + + + + + red cell + + + + + blue cell + + + + + yellow cell + + + + + text for an extra line in the table row + + + + + + + + Table 1: row background + + + + + + + + + + + + + row with + + + + + green + + + + + background + + + + + text for an extra line in the table row + + + + + + + row with + + + + + red + + + + + background + + + + + text for an extra line in the table row + + + + + + + row with + + + + + blue + + + + + background + + + + + text for an extra line in the table 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