Move `public/*` to `public/assets/*`

Some old PRs (like #15219) introduced inconsistent directory system.

For example: why the local directory "public" is accessed by
`http://site/assets`? How to serve the ".well-known" files properly in
the public directory?

For convention rules, the "public" directory is widely used for the
website's root directory. It shouldn't be an exception for Gitea.

So, this PR makes the things consistent:

* `http://site/assets/foo` means `{CustomPath}/public/assets/foo`.
* `{CustomPath}/public/.well-known` and `{CustomPath}/public/robots.txt`
can be used in the future.

This PR is also a prerequisite for a clear solution for:
* #21942
* #25892 
* discourse.gitea.io: [.well-known path serving custom files behind
proxy?](https://discourse.gitea.io/t/well-known-path-serving-custom-files-behind-proxy/5445/1)

This PR is breaking for users who have custom "public" files (CSS/JS).
After getting approvals, I will update the documents.

----

## ⚠️ BREAKING ⚠️

If you have files in your "custom/public/" folder, please move them to
"custom/public/assets/".

---------

Co-authored-by: 6543 <6543@obermui.de>
Co-authored-by: Giteabot <teabot@gitea.io>

As title. Permalinks for lastest version of blog has changed, update the
blog links.

---------

Co-authored-by: Giteabot <teabot@gitea.io>

Replace #25580

Fix #19453

The problem was: when users set "GITEA__XXX__YYY" , the "install page"
doesn't respect it.

So, to make the result consistent and avoid surprising end users, now
the "install page" also writes the environment variables to the config
file.

And, to make things clear, there are enough messages on the UI to tell
users what will happen.

There are some necessary/related changes to `environment-to-ini.go`:

* The "--clear" flag is removed and it was incorrectly written there.
The "clear" operation should be done if INSTALL_LOCK=true
* The "--prefix" flag is removed because it's never used, never
documented and it only causes inconsistent behavior.


![image](https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/assets/2114189/12778ee4-3fb5-4664-a73a-41ebbd77cd5b)

For:

* #22743
* #25408
* #25412
* #25588

Resolve #24789

## :warning: BREAKING :warning:

Before this, `DEFAULT_ACTIONS_URL` cound be set to any custom URLs like
`https://gitea.com` or `http://your-git-server,https://gitea.com`, and
the default value was `https://gitea.com`.

But now, `DEFAULT_ACTIONS_URL` supports only
`github`(`https://github.com`) or `self`(the root url of current Gitea
instance), and the default value is `github`.

If it has configured with a URL, an error log will be displayed and it
will fallback to `github`.

Actually, what we really want to do is always make it
`https://github.com`, however, this may not be acceptable for some
instances of internal use, so there's extra support for `self`, but no
more, even `https://gitea.com`.

Please note that `uses: https://xxx/yyy/zzz` always works and it does
exactly what it is supposed to do.

Although it's breaking, I belive it should be backported to `v1.20` due
to some security issues.

Follow-up on the runner side:

- https://gitea.com/gitea/act_runner/pulls/262
- https://gitea.com/gitea/act/pulls/70

Right now Gitea doesn't support all [Events that trigger
workflows](https://docs.github.com/en/actions/using-workflows/events-that-trigger-workflows).
This PR lists the supported events to help users write workflow files.

Frontport of #25504

Credit to @lonix1

Co-authored-by: lonix1 <40320097+lonix1@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: delvh <dev.lh@web.de>

Fix #23769

Refactor `modules/indexer` to make it more maintainable. And it can be
easier to support more features. I'm trying to solve some of issue
searching, this is a precursor to making functional changes.

Current supported engines and the index versions:

| engines | issues | code |
| - | - | - |
| db | Just a wrapper for database queries, doesn't need version | - |
| bleve | The version of index is **2** | The version of index is **6**
|
| elasticsearch | The old index has no version, will be treated as
version **0** in this PR | The version of index is **1** |
| meilisearch | The old index has no version, will be treated as version
**0** in this PR | - |


## Changes

### Split

Splited it into mutiple packages

```text
indexer
├── internal
│   ├── bleve
│   ├── db
│   ├── elasticsearch
│   └── meilisearch
├── code
│   ├── bleve
│   ├── elasticsearch
│   └── internal
└── issues
    ├── bleve
    ├── db
    ├── elasticsearch
    ├── internal
    └── meilisearch
```

- `indexer/interanal`: Internal shared package for indexer.
- `indexer/interanal/[engine]`: Internal shared package for each engine
(bleve/db/elasticsearch/meilisearch).
- `indexer/code`: Implementations for code indexer.
- `indexer/code/internal`: Internal shared package for code indexer.
- `indexer/code/[engine]`: Implementation via each engine for code
indexer.
- `indexer/issues`: Implementations for issues indexer.

### Deduplication

- Combine `Init/Ping/Close` for code indexer and issues indexer.
- ~Combine `issues.indexerHolder` and `code.wrappedIndexer` to
`internal.IndexHolder`.~ Remove it, use dummy indexer instead when the
indexer is not ready.
- Duplicate two copies of creating ES clients.
- Duplicate two copies of `indexerID()`.


### Enhancement

- [x] Support index version for elasticsearch issues indexer, the old
index without version will be treated as version 0.
- [x] Fix spell of `elastic_search/ElasticSearch`, it should be
`Elasticsearch`.
- [x] Improve versioning of ES index. We don't need `Aliases`:
- Gitea does't need aliases for "Zero Downtime" because it never delete
old indexes.
- The old code of issues indexer uses the orignal name to create issue
index, so it's tricky to convert it to an alias.
- [x] Support index version for meilisearch issues indexer, the old
index without version will be treated as version 0.
- [x] Do "ping" only when `Ping` has been called, don't ping
periodically and cache the status.
- [x] Support the context parameter whenever possible.
- [x] Fix outdated example config.
- [x] Give up the requeue logic of issues indexer: When indexing fails,
call Ping to check if it was caused by the engine being unavailable, and
only requeue the task if the engine is unavailable.
- It is fragile and tricky, could cause data losing (It did happen when
I was doing some tests for this PR). And it works for ES only.
- Just always requeue the failed task, if it caused by bad data, it's a
bug of Gitea which should be fixed.

---------

Co-authored-by: Giteabot <teabot@gitea.io>

In modern days, there is no reason to make users set "charset" anymore.

Close #25378

## :warning: BREAKING

The key `[database].CHARSET` was removed completely as every newer
(>10years) MySQL database supports `utf8mb4` already.
There is a (deliberately) undocumented new fallback option if anyone
still needs to use it, but we don't recommend using it as it simply
causes problems.

As title.

### Summary

Extend the template variable substitution to replace file paths. This
can be helpful for setting up log files & directories that should match
the repository name.

### PR Changes

 - Move files matching glob pattern when setting up repos from template
- For security, added ~escaping~ sanitization for cross-platform support
and to prevent directory traversal (thanks @silverwind for the
reference)
 - Added unit testing for escaping function 
- Fixed the integration tests for repo template generation by passing
the repo_template_id
- Updated the integration testfiles to add some variable substitution &
assert the outputs

I had to fix the existing repo template integration test and extend it
to add a check for variable substitutions.

Example:

![image](https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/assets/12700993/621feb09-0ef3-460e-afa8-da74cd84fa4e)

We created a Gitea application for the [Exoscale
Marketplace](https://www.exoscale.com/marketplace/listing/glasskube-gitea/)
for easier installation on the European cloud provider.

The installation is managed via the [Glasskube Kubernetes
Operator](https://github.com/glasskube/operator).

Signed-off-by: Philip Miglinci <pmig@glasskube.eu>

In this pull request, the following changes are addressed:

- State user should create `config.yaml` before start container to avoid
errors.
- Provided instructions to deploy runners using docker compose.

So I found this [linter](https://github.com/Riverside-Healthcare/djlint)
which features a mode for go templates, so I gave it a try and it did
find a number of valid issue, like unbalanced tags etc. It also has a
number of bugs, I had to disable/workaround many issues.

Given that this linter is written in python, this does add a dependency
on `python` >= 3.8 and `poetry` to the development environment to be
able to run this linter locally.

- `e.g.` prefixes on placeholders are removed because the linter had a
false-positive on `placeholder="e.g. cn=Search"` for the `attr=value`
syntax and it's not ideal anyways to write `e.g.` into a placeholder
because a placeholder is meant to hold a sample value.
- In `templates/repo/settings/options.tmpl` I simplified the logic to
not conditionally create opening tags without closing tags because this
stuff confuses the linter (and possibly the reader as well).

Follow up #22405

Fix #20703 

This PR rewrites storage configuration read sequences with some breaks
and tests. It becomes more strict than before and also fixed some
inherit problems.

- Move storage's MinioConfig struct into setting, so after the
configuration loading, the values will be stored into the struct but not
still on some section.
- All storages configurations should be stored on one section,
configuration items cannot be overrided by multiple sections. The
prioioty of configuration is `[attachment]` > `[storage.attachments]` |
`[storage.customized]` > `[storage]` > `default`
- For extra override configuration items, currently are `SERVE_DIRECT`,
`MINIO_BASE_PATH`, `MINIO_BUCKET`, which could be configured in another
section. The prioioty of the override configuration is `[attachment]` >
`[storage.attachments]` > `default`.
- Add more tests for storages configurations.
- Update the storage documentations.

---------

Co-authored-by: wxiaoguang <wxiaoguang@gmail.com>

## Compile & Cross Compile Gitea With CGO Dependencies Using Zig

---------

Co-authored-by: Jason Song <i@wolfogre.com>

Close #23654
Close #24684

@techknowlogick I still think we need to rename
https://dl.gitea.com/gitea/1.20/ to
https://dl.gitea.com/gitea/1.20-nightly/

`/gitea/1.20/` is quite confusing, it needs these words to explain why.
If we call it `1.20-nightly`, the FAQ can be simplified a lot.

Hello.
This PR adds a github like configuration for the CODEOWNERS file.

Resolves: #10161

As title. And needs to backport to 1.19

- Enable all source maps in dev build
- Disable all source maps in prod build
- Provide `ENABLE_SOURCEMAP` env var to override it.

I think the strange error seen in
https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/issues/24784 is sourcemap related, so
if we enable/disable them all, it might go away. But it's most
definitely a Safari bug.

With all sourcemaps disabled, binary size goes down by around 1-2 MB,
with all enabled it goes up by around 12MB. If +12MB is acceptable, we
could also always enable them by default as fully source maps do have
some debugging benefits.

If a user starts a runner using a Docker image without making additional
configurations, the [cache action](https://github.com/actions/cache)
will not work properly.
Therefore, add a section in the documentation that explains how to
configure the cache correctly.

## Changes
- Adds the following high level access scopes, each with `read` and
`write` levels:
    - `activitypub`
    - `admin` (hidden if user is not a site admin)
    - `misc`
    - `notification`
    - `organization`
    - `package`
    - `issue`
    - `repository`
    - `user`
- Adds new middleware function `tokenRequiresScopes()` in addition to
`reqToken()`
  -  `tokenRequiresScopes()` is used for each high-level api section
- _if_ a scoped token is present, checks that the required scope is
included based on the section and HTTP method
  - `reqToken()` is used for individual routes
- checks that required authentication is present (but does not check
scope levels as this will already have been handled by
`tokenRequiresScopes()`
- Adds migration to convert old scoped access tokens to the new set of
scopes
- Updates the user interface for scope selection

### User interface example
<img width="903" alt="Screen Shot 2023-05-31 at 1 56 55 PM"
src="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/assets/23248839/654766ec-2143-4f59-9037-3b51600e32f3">
<img width="917" alt="Screen Shot 2023-05-31 at 1 56 43 PM"
src="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/assets/23248839/1ad64081-012c-4a73-b393-66b30352654c">

## tokenRequiresScopes  Design Decision
- `tokenRequiresScopes()` was added to more reliably cover api routes.
For an incoming request, this function uses the given scope category
(say `AccessTokenScopeCategoryOrganization`) and the HTTP method (say
`DELETE`) and verifies that any scoped tokens in use include
`delete:organization`.
- `reqToken()` is used to enforce auth for individual routes that
require it. If a scoped token is not present for a request,
`tokenRequiresScopes()` will not return an error

## TODO
- [x] Alphabetize scope categories
- [x] Change 'public repos only' to a radio button (private vs public).
Also expand this to organizations
- [X] Disable token creation if no scopes selected. Alternatively, show
warning
- [x] `reqToken()` is missing from many `POST/DELETE` routes in the api.
`tokenRequiresScopes()` only checks that a given token has the correct
scope, `reqToken()` must be used to check that a token (or some other
auth) is present.
   -  _This should be addressed in this PR_
- [x] The migration should be reviewed very carefully in order to
minimize access changes to existing user tokens.
   - _This should be addressed in this PR_
- [x] Link to api to swagger documentation, clarify what
read/write/delete levels correspond to
- [x] Review cases where more than one scope is needed as this directly
deviates from the api definition.
   - _This should be addressed in this PR_
   - For example: 
   ```go
	m.Group("/users/{username}/orgs", func() {
		m.Get("", reqToken(), org.ListUserOrgs)
		m.Get("/{org}/permissions", reqToken(), org.GetUserOrgsPermissions)
}, tokenRequiresScopes(auth_model.AccessTokenScopeCategoryUser,
auth_model.AccessTokenScopeCategoryOrganization),
context_service.UserAssignmentAPI())
   ```

## Future improvements
- [ ] Add required scopes to swagger documentation
- [ ] Redesign `reqToken()` to be opt-out rather than opt-in
- [ ] Subdivide scopes like `repository`
- [ ] Once a token is created, if it has no scopes, we should display
text instead of an empty bullet point
- [ ] If the 'public repos only' option is selected, should read
categories be selected by default

Closes #24501
Closes #24799

Co-authored-by: Jonathan Tran <jon@allspice.io>
Co-authored-by: Kyle D <kdumontnu@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: silverwind <me@silverwind.io>

The PKCE flow according to [RFC
7636](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7636) allows for secure
authorization without the requirement to provide a client secret for the
OAuth app.

It is implemented in Gitea since #5378 (v1.8.0), however without being
able to omit client secret.
Since #21316 Gitea supports setting client type at OAuth app
registration.

As public clients are already forced to use PKCE since #21316, in this
PR the client secret check is being skipped if a public client is
detected. As Gitea seems to implement PKCE authorization correctly
according to the spec, this would allow for PKCE flow without providing
a client secret.

Also add some docs for it, please check language as I'm not a native
English speaker.

Closes #17107
Closes #25047

The link to customizing-gitea in the label documentation is broken. This
PR should adjust the relative path to fix the link

As title.

It's been disabled by default since 1.17
(https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/pull/18914), and it never really
delivered any benefit except being another cache layer that has its own
unsolved invalidation issues. HTTP cache works, we don't need two cache
layers at the browser for assets.

## :warning: BREAKING

You can remove the config `[ui].USE_SERVICE_WORKER` from your `app.ini`
now.

Fixes the markdown link and uses title case like the other
translations.

This addressees some things from #24406 that came up after the PR was
merged. Mostly from @delvh.

---------

Co-authored-by: silverwind <me@silverwind.io>
Co-authored-by: delvh <dev.lh@web.de>

Changes:

1. Use uniform links types relative to doc folder (start with `doc/`)
2. According to [docusaurus
links](https://docusaurus.io/docs/markdown-features/links), if `<a>` is
used, the `href` is resolved as URL location, but not file location. So
need to use `[text]({{< relref "path" >}})` instead.

Fixed link to the creating a systemd service in Ubuntu document.

As discussed in
https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/pull/24953#issuecomment-1565630156.

## :warning: BREAKING :warning:

1. The `ui.THEME_COLOR_META_TAG` setting has been removed. If you still
need to set the `theme-color` meta tag, add it via
`$GITEA_CUSTOM/templates/custom/header.tmpl` instead.

2. The non-standard `default-theme` meta-tag added in
https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/pull/13809 has been removed. Third
party code that needs to obtain the currently loaded theme should use
the `theme-<name>` class on the `<html>` node instead, which reflect the
currently active theme.

Co-authored-by: silverwind <me@silverwind.io>

caddy v1 is loong eol. v2 should be used.

Follow
https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/pull/24860#discussion_r1200589651

Use `[git.config]` for reflog cleaning up, the new options are more
flexible.

*
https://git-scm.com/docs/git-config#Documentation/git-config.txt-corelogAllRefUpdates
*
https://git-scm.com/docs/git-config#Documentation/git-config.txt-gcreflogExpire

## :warning: BREAKING

The section `[git.reflog]` is now obsolete and its keys have been moved
to the following replacements:
- `[git.reflog].ENABLED` → `[git.config].core.logAllRefUpdates`
- `[git.reflog].EXPIRATION` → `[git.config].gc.reflogExpire`

Fix documentation ref

This PR also adjusts the weights.

---------

Co-authored-by: delvh <dev.lh@web.de>

This adds the ability to pin important Issues and Pull Requests. You can
also move pinned Issues around to change their Position. Resolves #2175.

## Screenshots

![grafik](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/15185051/235123207-0aa39869-bb48-45c3-abe2-ba1e836046ec.png)

![grafik](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/15185051/235123297-152a16ea-a857-451d-9a42-61f2cd54dd75.png)

![grafik](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/15185051/235640782-cbfe25ec-6254-479a-a3de-133e585d7a2d.png)

The Design was mostly copied from the Projects Board.

## Implementation
This uses a new `pin_order` Column in the `issue` table. If the value is
set to 0, the Issue is not pinned. If it's set to a bigger value, the
value is the Position. 1 means it's the first pinned Issue, 2 means it's
the second one etc. This is dived into Issues and Pull requests for each
Repo.

## TODO
- [x] You can currently pin as many Issues as you want. Maybe we should
add a Limit, which is configurable. GitHub uses 3, but I prefer 6, as
this is better for bigger Projects, but I'm open for suggestions.
- [x] Pin and Unpin events need to be added to the Issue history.
- [x] Tests
- [x] Migration

**The feature itself is currently fully working, so tester who may find
weird edge cases are very welcome!**

---------

Co-authored-by: silverwind <me@silverwind.io>
Co-authored-by: Giteabot <teabot@gitea.io>

This PR adds two new options to disable repo/code search indexing of
both forks and mirrors.

Related: #22842