path: root/poi-examples/src/main/java/org/apache/poi/examples/ss/AddDimensionedImage.java

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   this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
   The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
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package org.apache.poi.examples.ss;

import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFSheet;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFWorkbook;
import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.ClientAnchor;
import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.ClientAnchor.AnchorType;
import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.Drawing;
import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.Row;
import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.Sheet;
import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.Workbook;
import org.apache.poi.ss.util.CellReference;
import org.apache.poi.util.IOUtils;

import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.URL;
import java.util.Locale;


/**
 * Demonstrates how to add an image to a worksheet and set that images size
 * to a specific number of millimetres irrespective of the width of the columns
 * or height of the rows. Overridden methods are provided so that the location
 * of the image - the cells row and column coordinates that define the top
 * left hand corners of the image - can be identified either in the familiar
 * Excel manner - A1 for instance - or using POI's methodology of a column and
 * row index where 0, 0 would indicate cell A1.
 * <p>
 * The best way to make use of these techniques is to delay adding the image to
 * the sheet until all other work has been completed. That way, the sizes of
 * all rows and columns will have been adjusted - assuming that step was
 * necessary. Even though the anchors type is set to prevent the image moving
 * or re-sizing, this setting does not have any effect until the sheet is being
 * viewed using the Excel application.
 * <p>
 * The key to the process is the ClientAnchor class. It defines methods that allow
 * us to define the location of an image by specifying the following;
 * <p>
 * * How far - in terms of coordinate positions - the image should be inset
 * from the left hand border of a cell.
 * * How far - in terms of coordinate positions - the image should be inset
 * from the from the top of the cell.
 * * How far - in terms of coordinate positions - the right hand edge of
 * the image should protrude into a cell (measured from the cells left hand
 * edge to the images right hand edge).
 * * How far - in terms of coordinate positions - the bottom edge of the
 * image should protrude into a row (measured from the cells top edge to
 * the images bottom edge).
 * * The index of the column that contains the cell whose top left hand
 * corner should be aligned with the top left hand corner of the image.
 * * The index of the row that contains the cell whose top left hand corner
 * should be aligned with the images top left hand corner.
 * * The index of the column that contains the cell whose top left hand
 * corner should be aligned with the images bottom right hand corner
 * * The index number of the row that contains the cell whose top left
 * hand corner should be aligned with the images bottom right hand corner.
 * <p>
 * It can be used to add an image into cell A1, for example, in the following
 * manner;
 * <p>
 * ClientAnchor anchor = sheet.getWorkbook().getCreationHelper().createClientAnchor();
 * <p>
 * anchor.setDx1(0);
 * anchor.setDy1(0);
 * anchor.setDx2(0);
 * anchor.setDy2(0);
 * anchor.setCol1(0);
 * anchor.setRow1(0);
 * anchor.setCol2(1);
 * anchor.setRow2(1);
 * <p>
 * Taken together, the first four methods define the locations of the top left
 * and bottom right hand corners of the image if you imagine that the image is
 * represented by a simple rectangle. The setDx1() and setDy1() methods locate
 * the top left hand corner of the image while setDx2() and and Dy2() locate the
 * bottom right hand corner of the image. An individual image can be inserted
 * into a single cell or is can lie across many cells and the latter four methods
 * are used to define just where the image should be positioned. They do this by
 * again by identifying where the top left and bottom right hand corners of the
 * image should be located but this time in terms of the indexes of the cells
 * in which those corners should be located. The setCol1() and setRow1() methods
 * together identify the cell that should contain the top left hand corner of
 * the image while setCol2() and setRow2() do the same for the images bottom
 * right hand corner.
 * <p>
 * Knowing that, it is possible to look again at the example above and to see
 * that the top left hand corner of the image will be located in cell A1 (0, 0)
 * and it will be aligned with the very top left hand corner of the cell. Likewise,
 * the bottom right hand corner of the image will be located in cell B2 (1, 1) and
 * it will again be aligned with the top left hand corner of the cell. This has the
 * effect of making the image seem to occupy the whole of cell A1. Interestingly, it
 * also has an effect on the images resizing behaviour because testing has
 * demonstrated that if the image is wholly contained within one cell and is not
 * 'attached' for want of a better word, to a neighbouring cell, then that image
 * will not increase in size in response to the user dragging the column wider
 * or the cell higher.
 * <p>
 * The following example demonstrates a slightly different way to insert an
 * image into cell A1 and to ensure that it occupies the whole of the cell. This
 * is accomplished by specifying the images bottom right hand corner should be
 * aligned with the bottom right hand corner of the cell. It is also a case
 * where the image will not increase in size if the user increases the size of
 * the enclosing cell - irrespective of the anchors type - but it will reduce in
 * size if the cell is made smaller.
 * <p>
 * ClientAnchor anchor = sheet.getWorkbook().getCreationHelper().createClientAnchor();
 * <p>
 * anchor.setDx1(0);
 * anchor.setDy1(0);
 * anchor.setDx2(1023);
 * anchor.setDy2(255);
 * anchor.setCol1(0);
 * anchor.setRow1(0);
 * anchor.setCol2(0);
 * anchor.setRow2(0);
 * <p>
 * Note that the final four method calls all pass the same value and seem to
 * indicate that the images top left hand corner is aligned with the top left
 * hand corner of cell A1 and that its bottom right hand corner is also
 * aligned with the top left hand corner of cell A1. Yet, running this code
 * would see the image fully occupying cell A1. That is the result of the
 * values passed to parameters three and four; these I have referred to as
 * determining the images coordinates within the cell. They indicate that the
 * image should occupy - in order - the full width of the column and the full
 * height of the row.
 * <p>
 * The co-ordinate values shown are the maxima; and they are independent of
 * row height/column width and of the font used. Passing 255 will always result
 * in the image occupying the full height of the row and passing 1023 will
 * always result in the image occupying the full width of the column. They help
 * in situations where an image is larger than a column/row and must overlap
 * into the next column/row. Using them does mean, however, that it is often
 * necessary to perform conversions between Excels characters units, points,
 * pixels and millimetres in order to establish how many rows/columns an image
 * should occupy and just what the various insets ought to be.
 * <p>
 * Note that the setDx1(int) and setDy1(int) methods of the ClientAchor class
 * are not made use of in the code that follows. It would be fairly trivial
 * however to extend this example further and provide methods that would centre
 * an image within a cell or allow the user to specify that a plain border a
 * fixed number of millimetres wide should wrap around the image. Those first
 * two parameters would make this sort of functionality perfectly possible.
 * <p>
 * Owing to the various conversions used, the actual size of the image may vary
 * from that required; testing has so far found this to be in the region of
 * plus or minus two millimetres. Most likely by modifying the way the
 * calculations are performed - possibly using double(s) throughout and
 * rounding the values at the correct point - it is likely that these errors
 * could be reduced or removed.
 * <p>
 * A note concerning Excels image resizing behaviour. The ClientAnchor
 * class contains a method called setAnchorType(int) which can be used to
 * determine how Excel will resize an image in response to the user increasing
 * or decreasing the dimensions of the cell containing the image. There are
 * three values that can be passed to this method; 0 = To move and size the
 * image with the cell, 2 = To move but don't size the image with the cell,
 * 3 = To prevent the image from moving or being resized along with the cell. If
 * an image is inserted using this class and placed into a single cell then if
 * the setAnchorType(int) method is called and a value of either 0 or 2 passed
 * to it, the resultant resizing behaviour may be a surprise. The image will not
 * grow in size of the column is made wider or the row higher but it will shrink
 * if the columns width or rows height are reduced.
 *
 * @version 1.00 5th August 2009.
 * 2.00 26th February 2010.
 * Ported to make use of the SS usermodel classes.
 * Ability to reuse the Drawing Patriarch so that multiple images
 * can be inserted without unintentionally erasing earlier images.
 * Check on image type added; i.e. jpg, jpeg or png.
 * The String used to contain the files name is now converted
 * into a URL.
 * 2.10 17th May 2012
 * Corrected gross error that occurred when using the code with
 * XSSF or SXSSF workbooks. In short, the code did not correctly
 * calculate the size of the image(s) owing to the use of EMUs
 * within the OOXML file format. That problem has largely been
 * corrected although it should be mentioned that images are not
 * sized with the same level of accuracy. Discrepancies of up to
 * 2mm have been noted in testing. Further investigation will
 * continue to rectify this issue.
 */
@SuppressWarnings({"java:S106", "java:S4823"})
public class AddDimensionedImage {

    // Four constants that determine how - and indeed whether - the rows
    // and columns an image may overlie should be expanded to accommodate that
    // image.
    // Passing EXPAND_ROW will result in the height of a row being increased
    // to accommodate the image if it is not already larger. The image will
    // be layed across one or more columns.
    // Passing EXPAND_COLUMN will result in the width of the column being
    // increased to accommodate the image if it is not already larger. The image
    // will be layed across one or many rows.
    // Passing EXPAND_ROW_AND_COLUMN will result in the height of the row
    // bing increased along with the width of the column to accomdate the
    // image if either is not already larger.
    // Passing OVERLAY_ROW_AND_COLUMN will result in the image being layed
    // over one or more rows and columns. No row or column will be resized,
    // instead, code will determine how many rows and columns the image should
    // overlie.
    public static final int EXPAND_ROW = 1;
    public static final int EXPAND_COLUMN = 2;
    public static final int EXPAND_ROW_AND_COLUMN = 3;
    public static final int OVERLAY_ROW_AND_COLUMN = 7;

    // Modified to support EMU - English Metric Units - used within the OOXML
    // workbooks, this multiplier is used to convert between measurements in
    // millimetres and in EMUs
    private static final int EMU_PER_MM = 36000;

    /**
     * Add an image to a worksheet.
     *
     * @param cellNumber       A String that contains the location of the cell whose
     *                         top left hand corner should be aligned with the top
     *                         left hand corner of the image; for example "A1", "A2"
     *                         etc. This is to support the familiar Excel syntax.
     *                         Whilst images are not actually inserted into cells
     *                         this provides a convenient method of indicating where
     *                         the image should be positioned on the sheet.
     * @param sheet            A reference to the sheet that contains the cell referenced
     *                         above.
     * @param drawing          An instance of the DrawingPatriarch class. This is now
     *                         passed into the method where it was, previously, recovered
     *                         from the sheet in order to allow multiple pictures be
     *                         inserted. If the patriarch was not 'cached in this manner
     *                         each time it was created any previously positioned images
     *                         would be simply over-written.
     * @param imageFile        An instance of the URL class that encapsulates the name
     *                         of and path to the image that is to be 'inserted into'
     *                         the sheet.
     * @param reqImageWidthMM  A primitive double that contains the required
     *                         width of the image in millimetres.
     * @param reqImageHeightMM A primitive double that contains the required
     *                         height of the image in millimetres.
     * @param resizeBehaviour  A primitive int whose value will determine how
     *                         the code should react if the image is larger than
     *                         the cell referenced by the cellNumber parameter.
     *                         Four constants are provided to determine what
     *                         should happen;
     *                         AddDimensionedImage.EXPAND_ROW
     *                         AddDimensionedImage.EXPAND_COLUMN
     *                         AddDimensionedImage.EXPAND_ROW_AND_COLUMN
     *                         AddDimensionedImage.OVERLAY_ROW_AND_COLUMN
     * @throws java.io.FileNotFoundException      If the file containing the image
     *                                            cannot be located.
     * @throws java.io.IOException                If a problem occurs whilst reading the file
     *                                            of image data.
     * @throws java.lang.IllegalArgumentException If an invalid value is passed
     *                                            to the resizeBehaviour
     *                                            parameter.
     */
    public void addImageToSheet(String cellNumber, Sheet sheet, Drawing<?> drawing,
                                URL imageFile, double reqImageWidthMM, double reqImageHeightMM,
                                int resizeBehaviour) throws IOException, IllegalArgumentException {
        // Convert the String into column and row indices then chain the
        // call to the overridden addImageToSheet() method.
        CellReference cellRef = new CellReference(cellNumber);
        this.addImageToSheet(cellRef.getCol(), cellRef.getRow(), sheet, drawing,
                imageFile, reqImageWidthMM, reqImageHeightMM, resizeBehaviour);
    }

    /**
     * Add an image to a worksheet.
     *
     * @param colNumber        A primitive int that contains the index number of a
     *                         column on the worksheet; POI column indices are zero
     *                         based. Together with the rowNumber parameter's value,
     *                         this parameter identifies a cell on the worksheet. The
     *                         images top left hand corner will be aligned with the
     *                         top left hand corner of this cell.
     * @param rowNumber        A primitive int that contains the index number of a row
     *                         on the worksheet; POI row indices are zero based.
     *                         Together with the rowNumber parameter's value, this
     *                         parameter identifies a cell on the worksheet. The
     *                         images top left hand corner will be aligned with the
     *                         top left hand corner of this cell.
     * @param sheet            A reference to the sheet that contains the cell identified
     *                         by the two parameters above.
     * @param drawing          An instance of the DrawingPatriarch class. This is now
     *                         passed into the method where it was, previously, recovered
     *                         from the sheet in order to allow multiple pictures be
     *                         inserted. If the patriarch was not 'cached in this manner
     *                         each time it was created any previously positioned images
     *                         would be simply over-written.
     * @param imageFile        An instance of the URL class that encapsulates the name
     *                         of and path to the image that is to be 'inserted into'
     *                         the sheet.
     * @param reqImageWidthMM  A primitive double that contains the required
     *                         width of the image in millimetres.
     * @param reqImageHeightMM A primitive double that contains the required
     *                         height of the image in millimetres.
     * @param resizeBehaviour  A primitive int whose value will determine how
     *                         the code should react if the image is larger than
     *                         the cell referenced by the colNumber and
     *                         rowNumber parameters. Four constants are provided
     *                         to determine what should happen;
     *                         AddDimensionedImage.EXPAND_ROW
     *                         AddDimensionedImage.EXPAND_COLUMN
     *                         AddDimensionedImage.EXPAND_ROW_AND_COLUMN
     *                         AddDimensionedImage.OVERLAY_ROW_AND_COLUMN
     * @throws java.io.FileNotFoundException      If the file containing the image
     *                                            cannot be located.
     * @throws java.io.IOException                If a problem occurs whilst reading the file
     *                                            of image data.
     * @throws java.lang.IllegalArgumentException If an invalid value is passed
     *                                            to the resizeBehaviour
     *                                            parameter or if the extension
     *                                            of the image file indicates that
     *                                            it is of a type that cannot
     *                                            currently be added to the worksheet.
     */
    public void addImageToSheet(int colNumber, int rowNumber, Sheet sheet, Drawing<?> drawing,
                                URL imageFile, double reqImageWidthMM, double reqImageHeightMM,
                                int resizeBehaviour) throws IOException,
            IllegalArgumentException {
        ClientAnchor anchor;
        ClientAnchorDetail rowClientAnchorDetail;
        ClientAnchorDetail colClientAnchorDetail;
        int imageType;

        // Validate the resizeBehaviour parameter.
        if ((resizeBehaviour != AddDimensionedImage.EXPAND_COLUMN) &&
                (resizeBehaviour != AddDimensionedImage.EXPAND_ROW) &&
                (resizeBehaviour != AddDimensionedImage.EXPAND_ROW_AND_COLUMN) &&
                (resizeBehaviour != AddDimensionedImage.OVERLAY_ROW_AND_COLUMN)) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid value passed to the " +
                    "resizeBehaviour parameter of AddDimensionedImage.addImageToSheet()");
        }

        // Call methods to calculate how the image and sheet should be
        // manipulated to accommodate the image; columns and then rows.
        colClientAnchorDetail = this.fitImageToColumns(sheet, colNumber,
                reqImageWidthMM, resizeBehaviour);
        rowClientAnchorDetail = this.fitImageToRows(sheet, rowNumber,
                reqImageHeightMM, resizeBehaviour);

        // Having determined if and how to resize the rows, columns and/or the
        // image, create the ClientAnchor object to position the image on
        // the worksheet. Note how the two ClientAnchorDetail records are
        // interrogated to recover the row/column co-ordinates and any insets.
        // The first two parameters are not used currently but could be if the
        // need arose to extend the functionality of this code by adding the
        // ability to specify that a clear 'border' be placed around the image.
        anchor = sheet.getWorkbook().getCreationHelper().createClientAnchor();

        anchor.setDx1(0);
        anchor.setDy1(0);
        if (colClientAnchorDetail != null) {
            anchor.setDx2(colClientAnchorDetail.getInset());
            anchor.setCol1(colClientAnchorDetail.getFromIndex());
            anchor.setCol2(colClientAnchorDetail.getToIndex());
        }
        if (rowClientAnchorDetail != null) {
            anchor.setDy2(rowClientAnchorDetail.getInset());
            anchor.setRow1(rowClientAnchorDetail.getFromIndex());
            anchor.setRow2(rowClientAnchorDetail.getToIndex());
        }

        // For now, set the anchor type to do not move or resize the
        // image as the size of the row/column is adjusted. This could easily
        // become another parameter passed to the method. Please read the note
        // above regarding the behaviour of image resizing.
        anchor.setAnchorType(AnchorType.MOVE_AND_RESIZE);

        // Now, add the picture to the workbook. Note that unlike the similar
        // method in the HSSF Examples section, the image type is checked. First,
        // the image files location is identified by interrogating the URL passed
        // to the method, the images type is identified before it is added to the
        // sheet.
        String sURL = imageFile.toString().toLowerCase(Locale.ROOT);
        if (sURL.endsWith(".png")) {
            imageType = Workbook.PICTURE_TYPE_PNG;
        } else if (sURL.endsWith(".jpg") || sURL.endsWith(".jpeg")) {
            imageType = Workbook.PICTURE_TYPE_JPEG;
        } else {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid Image file : " +
                    sURL);
        }
        int index = sheet.getWorkbook().addPicture(
                IOUtils.toByteArray(imageFile.openStream()), imageType);
        drawing.createPicture(anchor, index);
    }

    /**
     * Determines whether the sheets columns should be re-sized to accommodate
     * the image, adjusts the columns width if necessary and creates then
     * returns a ClientAnchorDetail object that facilitates construction of
     * an ClientAnchor that will fix the image on the sheet and establish
     * its size.
     *
     * @param sheet           A reference to the sheet that will 'contain' the image.
     * @param colNumber       A primitive int that contains the index number of a
     *                        column on the sheet.
     * @param reqImageWidthMM A primitive double that contains the required
     *                        width of the image in millimetres
     * @param resizeBehaviour A primitive int whose value will indicate how the
     *                        width of the column should be adjusted if the
     *                        required width of the image is greater than the
     *                        width of the column.
     * @return An instance of the ClientAnchorDetail class that will contain
     * the index number of the column containing the cell whose top
     * left hand corner also defines the top left hand corner of the
     * image, the index number column containing the cell whose top
     * left hand corner also defines the bottom right hand corner of
     * the image and an inset that determines how far the right hand
     * edge of the image can protrude into the next column - expressed
     * as a specific number of coordinate positions.
     */
    private ClientAnchorDetail fitImageToColumns(Sheet sheet, int colNumber,
                                                 double reqImageWidthMM, int resizeBehaviour) {

        double colWidthMM;
        double colCoordinatesPerMM;
        int pictureWidthCoordinates;
        ClientAnchorDetail colClientAnchorDetail = null;

        // Get the colum's width in millimetres
        colWidthMM = ConvertImageUnits.widthUnits2Millimetres(
                (short) sheet.getColumnWidth(colNumber));

        // Check that the column's width will accommodate the image at the
        // required dimension. If the width of the column is LESS than the
        // required width of the image, decide how the application should
        // respond - resize the column or overlay the image across one or more
        // columns.
        if (colWidthMM < reqImageWidthMM) {

            // Should the column's width simply be expanded?
            if ((resizeBehaviour == AddDimensionedImage.EXPAND_COLUMN) ||
                    (resizeBehaviour == AddDimensionedImage.EXPAND_ROW_AND_COLUMN)) {
                // Set the width of the column by converting the required image
                // width from millimetres into Excel's column width units.
                sheet.setColumnWidth(colNumber,
                        ConvertImageUnits.millimetres2WidthUnits(reqImageWidthMM));
                // To make the image occupy the full width of the column, convert
                // the required width of the image into co-ordinates. This value
                // will become the inset for the ClientAnchorDetail class that
                // is then instantiated.
                if (sheet instanceof HSSFSheet) {
                    colWidthMM = reqImageWidthMM;
                    colCoordinatesPerMM = colWidthMM == 0 ? 0
                            : ConvertImageUnits.TOTAL_COLUMN_COORDINATE_POSITIONS / colWidthMM;
                    pictureWidthCoordinates = (int) (reqImageWidthMM * colCoordinatesPerMM);

                } else {
                    pictureWidthCoordinates = (int) reqImageWidthMM * AddDimensionedImage.EMU_PER_MM;
                }
                colClientAnchorDetail = new ClientAnchorDetail(colNumber,
                        colNumber, pictureWidthCoordinates);
            }
            // If the user has chosen to overlay both rows and columns or just
            // to expand ONLY the size of the rows, then calculate how to lay
            // the image out across one or more columns.
            else if ((resizeBehaviour == AddDimensionedImage.OVERLAY_ROW_AND_COLUMN) ||
                    (resizeBehaviour == AddDimensionedImage.EXPAND_ROW)) {
                colClientAnchorDetail = this.calculateColumnLocation(sheet,
                        colNumber, reqImageWidthMM);
            }
        }
        // If the column is wider than the image.
        else {
            if (sheet instanceof HSSFSheet) {
                // Mow many co-ordinate positions are there per millimetre?
                colCoordinatesPerMM = ConvertImageUnits.TOTAL_COLUMN_COORDINATE_POSITIONS /
                        colWidthMM;
                // Given the width of the image, what should be its co-ordinate?
                pictureWidthCoordinates = (int) (reqImageWidthMM * colCoordinatesPerMM);
            } else {
                pictureWidthCoordinates = (int) reqImageWidthMM *
                        AddDimensionedImage.EMU_PER_MM;
            }
            colClientAnchorDetail = new ClientAnchorDetail(colNumber,
                    colNumber, pictureWidthCoordinates);
        }
        return (colClientAnchorDetail);
    }

    /**
     * Determines whether the sheets row should be re-sized to accommodate
     * the image, adjusts the rows height if necessary and creates then
     * returns a ClientAnchorDetail object that facilitates construction of
     * a ClientAnchor that will fix the image on the sheet and establish
     * its size.
     *
     * @param sheet            A reference to the sheet that will 'contain' the image.
     * @param rowNumber        A primitive int that contains the index number of a
     *                         row on the sheet.
     * @param reqImageHeightMM A primitive double that contains the required
     *                         height of the image in millimetres
     * @param resizeBehaviour  A primitive int whose value will indicate how the
     *                         height of the row should be adjusted if the
     *                         required height of the image is greater than the
     *                         height of the row.
     * @return An instance of the ClientAnchorDetail class that will contain
     * the index number of the row containing the cell whose top
     * left hand corner also defines the top left hand corner of the
     * image, the index number of the row containing the cell whose
     * top left hand corner also defines the bottom right hand
     * corner of the image and an inset that determines how far the
     * bottom edge of the image can protrude into the next (lower)
     * row - expressed as a specific number of coordinate positions.
     */
    private ClientAnchorDetail fitImageToRows(Sheet sheet, int rowNumber,
                                              double reqImageHeightMM, int resizeBehaviour) {
        Row row;
        double rowHeightMM;
        double rowCoordinatesPerMM;
        int pictureHeightCoordinates;
        ClientAnchorDetail rowClientAnchorDetail = null;

        // Get the row and its height
        row = sheet.getRow(rowNumber);
        if (row == null) {
            // Create row if it does not exist.
            row = sheet.createRow(rowNumber);
        }

        // Get the row's height in millimetres
        rowHeightMM = row.getHeightInPoints() / ConvertImageUnits.POINTS_PER_MILLIMETRE;

        // Check that the row's height will accommodate the image at the required
        // dimensions. If the height of the row is LESS than the required height
        // of the image, decide how the application should respond - resize the
        // row or overlay the image across a series of rows.
        if (rowHeightMM < reqImageHeightMM) {
            if ((resizeBehaviour == AddDimensionedImage.EXPAND_ROW) ||
                    (resizeBehaviour == AddDimensionedImage.EXPAND_ROW_AND_COLUMN)) {
                row.setHeightInPoints((float) (reqImageHeightMM *
                        ConvertImageUnits.POINTS_PER_MILLIMETRE));
                if (sheet instanceof HSSFSheet) {
                    rowHeightMM = reqImageHeightMM;
                    rowCoordinatesPerMM = rowHeightMM == 0 ? 0
                            : ConvertImageUnits.TOTAL_ROW_COORDINATE_POSITIONS / rowHeightMM;
                    pictureHeightCoordinates = (int) (reqImageHeightMM *
                            rowCoordinatesPerMM);
                } else {
                    pictureHeightCoordinates = (int) (reqImageHeightMM *
                            AddDimensionedImage.EMU_PER_MM);
                }
                rowClientAnchorDetail = new ClientAnchorDetail(rowNumber,
                        rowNumber, pictureHeightCoordinates);
            }
            // If the user has chosen to overlay both rows and columns or just
            // to expand ONLY the size of the columns, then calculate how to lay
            // the image out ver one or more rows.
            else if ((resizeBehaviour == AddDimensionedImage.OVERLAY_ROW_AND_COLUMN) ||
                    (resizeBehaviour == AddDimensionedImage.EXPAND_COLUMN)) {
                rowClientAnchorDetail = this.calculateRowLocation(sheet,
                        rowNumber, reqImageHeightMM);
            }
        }
        // Else, if the image is smaller than the space available
        else {
            if (sheet instanceof HSSFSheet) {
                rowCoordinatesPerMM = ConvertImageUnits.TOTAL_ROW_COORDINATE_POSITIONS /
                        rowHeightMM;
                pictureHeightCoordinates = (int) (reqImageHeightMM * rowCoordinatesPerMM);
            } else {
                pictureHeightCoordinates = (int) (reqImageHeightMM *
                        AddDimensionedImage.EMU_PER_MM);
            }
            rowClientAnchorDetail = new ClientAnchorDetail(rowNumber,
                    rowNumber, pictureHeightCoordinates);
        }
        return (rowClientAnchorDetail);
    }

    /**
     * If the image is to overlie more than one column, calculations need to be
     * performed to determine how many columns and whether the image will
     * overlie just a part of one column in order to be presented at the
     * required size.
     *
     * @param sheet           The sheet that will 'contain' the image.
     * @param startingColumn  A primitive int whose value is the index of the
     *                        column that contains the cell whose top left hand
     *                        corner should be aligned with the top left hand
     *                        corner of the image.
     * @param reqImageWidthMM A primitive double whose value will indicate the
     *                        required width of the image in millimetres.
     * @return An instance of the ClientAnchorDetail class that will contain
     * the index number of the column containing the cell whose top
     * left hand corner also defines the top left hand corner of the
     * image, the index number column containing the cell whose top
     * left hand corner also defines the bottom right hand corner of
     * the image and an inset that determines how far the right hand
     * edge of the image can protrude into the next column - expressed
     * as a specific number of coordinate positions.
     */
    private ClientAnchorDetail calculateColumnLocation(Sheet sheet,
                                                       int startingColumn,
                                                       double reqImageWidthMM) {
        ClientAnchorDetail anchorDetail;
        double totalWidthMM = 0.0D;
        double colWidthMM = 0.0D;
        double overlapMM;
        double coordinatePositionsPerMM;
        int toColumn = startingColumn;
        int inset;

        // Calculate how many columns the image will have to
        // span in order to be presented at the required size.
        while (totalWidthMM < reqImageWidthMM) {
            colWidthMM = ConvertImageUnits.widthUnits2Millimetres(
                    (short) (sheet.getColumnWidth(toColumn)));
            // Note use of the cell border width constant. Testing with an image
            // declared to fit exactly into one column demonstrated that its
            // width was greater than the width of the column the POI returned.
            // Further, this difference was a constant value that I am assuming
            // related to the cell's borders. Either way, that difference needs
            // to be allowed for in this calculation.
            totalWidthMM += (colWidthMM + ConvertImageUnits.CELL_BORDER_WIDTH_MILLIMETRES);
            toColumn++;
        }
        // De-rement by one the last column value.
        toColumn--;
        // Highly unlikely that this will be true but, if the width of a series
        // of columns is exactly equal to the required width of the image, then
        // simply build a ClientAnchorDetail object with an inset equal to the
        // total number of co-ordinate positions available in a column, a
        // from column co-ordinate (top left hand corner) equal to the value
        // of the startingColumn parameter and a to column co-ordinate equal
        // to the toColumn variable.
        //
        // Convert both values to ints to perform the test.
        if ((int) totalWidthMM == (int) reqImageWidthMM) {
            // A problem could occur if the image is sized to fit into one or
            // more columns. If that occurs, the value in the toColumn variable
            // will be in error. To overcome this, there are two options, to
            // ibcrement the toColumn variable's value by one or to pass the
            // total number of co-ordinate positions to the third paramater
            // of the ClientAnchorDetail constructor. For no sepcific reason,
            // the latter option is used below.
            if (sheet instanceof HSSFSheet) {
                anchorDetail = new ClientAnchorDetail(startingColumn,
                        toColumn, ConvertImageUnits.TOTAL_COLUMN_COORDINATE_POSITIONS);
            } else {
                anchorDetail = new ClientAnchorDetail(startingColumn,
                        toColumn, (int) reqImageWidthMM * AddDimensionedImage.EMU_PER_MM);
            }
        }
        // In this case, the image will overlap part of another column and it is
        // necessary to calculate just how much - this will become the inset
        // for the ClientAnchorDetail object.
        else {
            // Firstly, claculate how much of the image should overlap into
            // the next column.
            overlapMM = reqImageWidthMM - (totalWidthMM - colWidthMM);

            // When the required size is very close indded to the column size,
            // the calcaulation above can produce a negative value. To prevent
            // problems occuring in later caculations, this is simply removed
            // be setting the overlapMM value to zero.
            if (overlapMM < 0) {
                overlapMM = 0.0D;
            }

            if (sheet instanceof HSSFSheet) {
                // Next, from the columns width, calculate how many co-ordinate
                // positons there are per millimetre
                coordinatePositionsPerMM = (colWidthMM == 0) ? 0
                        : ConvertImageUnits.TOTAL_COLUMN_COORDINATE_POSITIONS / colWidthMM;
                // From this figure, determine how many co-ordinat positions to
                // inset the left hand or bottom edge of the image.
                inset = (int) (coordinatePositionsPerMM * overlapMM);
            } else {
                inset = (int) overlapMM * AddDimensionedImage.EMU_PER_MM;
            }

            // Now create the ClientAnchorDetail object, setting the from and to
            // columns and the inset.
            anchorDetail = new ClientAnchorDetail(startingColumn, toColumn, inset);
        }
        return (anchorDetail);
    }

    /**
     * If the image is to overlie more than one rows, calculations need to be
     * performed to determine how many rows and whether the image will
     * overlie just a part of one row in order to be presented at the
     * required size.
     *
     * @param sheet            The sheet that will 'contain' the image.
     * @param startingRow      A primitive int whose value is the index of the row
     *                         that contains the cell whose top left hand corner
     *                         should be aligned with the top left hand corner of
     *                         the image.
     * @param reqImageHeightMM A primitive double whose value will indicate the
     *                         required height of the image in millimetres.
     * @return An instance of the ClientAnchorDetail class that will contain
     * the index number of the row containing the cell whose top
     * left hand corner also defines the top left hand corner of the
     * image, the index number of the row containing the cell whose top
     * left hand corner also defines the bottom right hand corner of
     * the image and an inset that determines how far the bottom edge
     * can protrude into the next (lower) row - expressed as a specific
     * number of co-ordinate positions.
     */
    private ClientAnchorDetail calculateRowLocation(Sheet sheet,
                                                    int startingRow, double reqImageHeightMM) {
        ClientAnchorDetail clientAnchorDetail;
        Row row;
        double rowHeightMM = 0.0D;
        double totalRowHeightMM = 0.0D;
        double overlapMM;
        double rowCoordinatesPerMM;
        int toRow = startingRow;
        int inset;

        // Step through the rows in the sheet and accumulate a total of their
        // heights.
        while (totalRowHeightMM < reqImageHeightMM) {
            row = sheet.getRow(toRow);
            // Note, if the row does not already exist on the sheet then create
            // it here.
            if (row == null) {
                row = sheet.createRow(toRow);
            }
            // Get the row's height in millimetres and add to the running total.
            rowHeightMM = row.getHeightInPoints() /
                    ConvertImageUnits.POINTS_PER_MILLIMETRE;
            totalRowHeightMM += rowHeightMM;
            toRow++;
        }
        // Owing to the way the loop above works, the rowNumber will have been
        // incremented one row too far. Undo that here.
        toRow--;
        // Check to see whether the image should occupy an exact number of
        // rows. If so, build the ClientAnchorDetail record to point
        // to those rows and with an inset of the total number of co-ordinate
        // position in the row.
        //
        // To overcome problems that can occur with comparing double values for
        // equality, cast both to int(s) to truncate the value; VERY crude and
        // I do not really like it!!
        if ((int) totalRowHeightMM == (int) reqImageHeightMM) {
            if (sheet instanceof HSSFSheet) {
                clientAnchorDetail = new ClientAnchorDetail(startingRow, toRow,
                        ConvertImageUnits.TOTAL_ROW_COORDINATE_POSITIONS);
            } else {
                clientAnchorDetail = new ClientAnchorDetail(startingRow, toRow,
                        (int) reqImageHeightMM * AddDimensionedImage.EMU_PER_MM);
            }
        } else {
            // Calculate how far the image will project into the next row. Note
            // that the height of the last row assessed is subtracted from the
            // total height of all rows assessed so far.
            overlapMM = reqImageHeightMM - (totalRowHeightMM - rowHeightMM);

            // To prevent an exception being thrown when the required width of
            // the image is very close indeed to the column size.
            if (overlapMM < 0) {
                overlapMM = 0.0D;
            }

            if (sheet instanceof HSSFSheet) {
                rowCoordinatesPerMM = (rowHeightMM == 0) ? 0
                        : ConvertImageUnits.TOTAL_ROW_COORDINATE_POSITIONS / rowHeightMM;
                inset = (int) (overlapMM * rowCoordinatesPerMM);
            } else {
                inset = (int) overlapMM * AddDimensionedImage.EMU_PER_MM;
            }
            clientAnchorDetail = new ClientAnchorDetail(startingRow,
                    toRow, inset);
        }
        return (clientAnchorDetail);
    }

    /**
     * The main entry point to the program. It contains code that demonstrates
     * one way to use the program.
     * <p>
     * Note, the code is not restricted to use on new workbooks only. If an
     * image is to be inserted into an existing workbook. just open that
     * workbook, gat a reference to a sheet and pass that;
     * <p>
     * AddDimensionedImage addImage = new AddDimensionedImage();
     * <p>
     * File file = new File("....... Existing Workbook .......");
     * FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(file);
     * Workbook workbook = new HSSFWorkbook(fis);
     * HSSFSheet sheet = workbook.getSheetAt(0);
     * addImage.addImageToSheet("C3", sheet, "image.jpg", 30, 20,
     * AddDimensionedImage.EXPAND.ROW);
     *
     * @param args the command line arguments
     */
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        if (args.length < 2) {
            System.err.println("Usage: AddDimensionedImage imageFile outputFile");
            return;
        }

        final String imageFile = args[0];
        final String outputFile = args[1];

        try (final Workbook workbook = new HSSFWorkbook();
             final FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(outputFile)) {   // OR XSSFWorkbook
            Sheet sheet = workbook.createSheet("Picture Test");
            new AddDimensionedImage().addImageToSheet("B5", sheet, sheet.createDrawingPatriarch(),
                    new File(imageFile).toURI().toURL(), 100, 40,
                    AddDimensionedImage.EXPAND_ROW_AND_COLUMN);
            workbook.write(fos);
        }
    }

    /**
     * The HSSFClientAnchor class accepts eight arguments. In order, these are;
     * <p>
     * * How far the left hand edge of the image is inset from the left hand
     * edge of the cell
     * * How far the top edge of the image is inset from the top of the cell
     * * How far the right hand edge of the image is inset from the left
     * hand edge of the cell
     * * How far the bottom edge of the image is inset from the top of the
     * cell.
     * * Together, arguments five and six determine the column and row
     * coordinates of the cell whose top left hand corner will be aligned
     * with the images top left hand corner.
     * * Together, arguments seven and eight determine the column and row
     * coordinates of the cell whose top left hand corner will be aligned
     * with the images bottom right hand corner.
     * <p>
     * An instance of the ClientAnchorDetail class provides three of the eight
     * parameters, one of the coordinates for the images top left hand corner,
     * one of the coordinates for the images bottom right hand corner and
     * either how far the image should be inset from the top or the left hand
     * edge of the cell.
     *
     * @version 1.00 5th August 2009.
     */
    public static class ClientAnchorDetail {

        private int fromIndex;
        private int toIndex;
        private int inset;

        /**
         * Create a new instance of the ClientAnchorDetail class using the
         * following parameters.
         *
         * @param fromIndex A primitive int that contains one of the
         *                  coordinates (row or column index) for the top left
         *                  hand corner of the image.
         * @param toIndex   A primitive int that contains one of the
         *                  coordinates (row or column index) for the bottom
         *                  right hand corner of the image.
         * @param inset     A primitive int that contains a value which indicates
         *                  how far the image should be inset from the top or the
         *                  left hand edge of a cell.
         */
        public ClientAnchorDetail(int fromIndex, int toIndex, int inset) {
            this.fromIndex = fromIndex;
            this.toIndex = toIndex;
            this.inset = inset;
        }

        /**
         * Get one of the number of the column or row that contains the cell
         * whose top left hand corner will be aligned with the top left hand
         * corner of the image.
         *
         * @return The value - row or column index - for one of the coordinates
         * of the top left hand corner of the image.
         */
        public int getFromIndex() {
            return (this.fromIndex);
        }

        /**
         * Get one of the number of the column or row that contains the cell
         * whose top left hand corner will be aligned with the bottom right hand
         * corner of the image.
         *
         * @return The value - row or column index - for one of the coordinates
         * of the bottom right hand corner of the image.
         */
        public int getToIndex() {
            return (this.toIndex);
        }

        /**
         * Get the images offset from the edge of a cell.
         *
         * @return How far either the right hand or bottom edge of the image is
         * inset from the left hand or top edge of a cell.
         */
        public int getInset() {
            return (this.inset);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Utility methods used to convert Excels character based column and row
     * size measurements into pixels and/or millimetres. The class also contains
     * various constants that are required in other calculations.
     *
     * @version 1.01 30th July 2009.
     * Added by Mark Beardsley [msb at apache.org].
     * Additional constants.
     * widthUnits2Millimetres() and millimetres2Units() methods.
     */
    public static class ConvertImageUnits {

        // Each cell conatins a fixed number of co-ordinate points; this number
        // does not vary with row height or column width or with font. These two
        // constants are defined below.
        public static final int TOTAL_COLUMN_COORDINATE_POSITIONS = 1023;
        public static final int TOTAL_ROW_COORDINATE_POSITIONS = 255;
        // The resoultion of an image can be expressed as a specific number
        // of pixels per inch. Displays and printers differ but 96 pixels per
        // inch is an acceptable standard to beging with.
        public static final int PIXELS_PER_INCH = 96;
        // Cnstants that defines how many pixels and points there are in a
        // millimetre. These values are required for the conversion algorithm.
        public static final double PIXELS_PER_MILLIMETRES = 3.78;
        public static final double POINTS_PER_MILLIMETRE = 2.83;
        // The column width returned by HSSF and the width of a picture when
        // positioned to exactly cover one cell are different by almost exactly
        // 2mm - give or take rounding errors. This constant allows that
        // additional amount to be accounted for when calculating how many
        // celles the image ought to overlie.
        public static final double CELL_BORDER_WIDTH_MILLIMETRES = 2.0D;
        public static final short EXCEL_COLUMN_WIDTH_FACTOR = 256;
        public static final int UNIT_OFFSET_LENGTH = 7;
        private static final int[] UNIT_OFFSET_MAP = {0, 36, 73, 109, 146, 182, 219};

        /**
         * pixel units to excel width units(units of 1/256th of a character width)
         */
        public static short pixel2WidthUnits(int pxs) {
            int widthUnits = (EXCEL_COLUMN_WIDTH_FACTOR *
                    (pxs / UNIT_OFFSET_LENGTH));
            widthUnits += UNIT_OFFSET_MAP[(pxs % UNIT_OFFSET_LENGTH)];
            return (short) widthUnits;
        }

        /**
         * excel width units(units of 1/256th of a character width) to pixel
         * units.
         */
        public static int widthUnits2Pixel(short widthUnits) {
            int pixels = (widthUnits / EXCEL_COLUMN_WIDTH_FACTOR)
                    * UNIT_OFFSET_LENGTH;
            int offsetWidthUnits = widthUnits % EXCEL_COLUMN_WIDTH_FACTOR;
            pixels += Math.round(offsetWidthUnits /
                    ((float) EXCEL_COLUMN_WIDTH_FACTOR / UNIT_OFFSET_LENGTH));
            return pixels;
        }

        /**
         * Convert Excels width units into millimetres.
         *
         * @param widthUnits The width of the column or the height of the
         *                   row in Excels units.
         * @return A primitive double that contains the columns width or rows
         * height in millimetres.
         */
        public static double widthUnits2Millimetres(short widthUnits) {
            return (ConvertImageUnits.widthUnits2Pixel(widthUnits) /
                    ConvertImageUnits.PIXELS_PER_MILLIMETRES);
        }

        /**
         * Convert into millimetres Excels width units..
         *
         * @param millimetres A primitive double that contains the columns
         *                    width or rows height in millimetres.
         * @return A primitive int that contains the columns width or rows
         * height in Excels units.
         */
        public static int millimetres2WidthUnits(double millimetres) {
            return (ConvertImageUnits.pixel2WidthUnits((int) (millimetres *
                    ConvertImageUnits.PIXELS_PER_MILLIMETRES)));
        }
    }
}