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# rspamd composite symbols
## Introduction
rspamd composites are used to combine rules and create more complex rules. Composite rules are defined by `composite` keys. The value of the key should be an object that defines the composite's name and value, which is the combination of rules in a joint expression.
For example, you can define a composite that is added when two specific symbols are found:
~~~ucl
composite {
name = "TEST_COMPOSITE";
expression = "SYMBOL1 and SYMBOL2";
}
~~~
In this case, if a message has both `SYMBOL1` and `SYMBOL2` then they are replaced by symbol `TEST_COMPOSITE`. The weights of `SYMBOL1` and `SYMBOL2` are subtracted from the metric accordingly.
## Composite expressions
You can use the following operations in a composite expression:
* `AND` `&` - matches true only if both operands are true
* `OR` `|` - matches true if any operands are true
* `NOT` `!` - matches true if operand is false
You also can use braces to define priorities. Otherwise operators are evaluated from left to right. For example:
~~~ucl
composite {
name = "TEST";
expression = "SYMBOL1 and SYMBOL2 and ( not SYMBOL3 | not SYMBOL4 | not SYMBOL5 )";
}
~~~
Composite rule can include other composites in the body. There is no restriction on definition order:
~~~ucl
composite {
name = "TEST1";
expression = "SYMBOL1 AND TEST2";
}
composite {
name = "TEST2";
expression = "SYMBOL2 OR NOT SYMBOL3";
}
~~~
Composites should not be recursive; this is normally detected by rspamd.
## Composite weight rules
Composites can record symbols in a metric or record their weights. That could be used to create non-captive composites. For example, you have symbol `A` and `B` with weights `W_a` and `W_b` and a composite `C` with weight `W_c`.
* If `C` is `A & B` then if rule `A` and rule `B` matched then these symbols are *removed* and their weights are removed as well, leading to a single symbol `C` with weight `W_c`.
* If `C` is `-A & B`, then rule `A` is preserved, but the symbol `C` is inserted. The weight of `A` is preserved as well, so the total weight of `-A & B` will be `W_a + W_c`.
* If `C` is `~A & B`, then rule `A` is *removed* but its weight is *preserved*,
leading to a single symbol `C` with weight `W_a + W_c`
When you have multiple composites which include the same symbol and a composite wants to remove the symbol and another composite wants to preserve it, then the symbol is preserved by default. Here are some more examples:
~~~ucl
composite "COMP1" {
expression = "BLAH || !DATE_IN_PAST";
}
composite "COMP2" {
expression = "!BLAH || DATE_IN_PAST";
}
composite "COMP3" {
expression = "!BLAH || -DATE_IN_PAST";
}
~~~
Both `BLAH` and `DATE_IN_PAST` exist in the message's check results. However, `COMP3` wants to preserve `DATE_IN_PAST` so it will be saved in the output.
If we rewrite the previous example but replace `-` with `~` then `DATE_IN_PAST` will be removed (however, its weight won't be removed):
~~~ucl
composite "COMP1" {
expression = "BLAH || !DATE_IN_PAST";
}
composite "COMP2" {
expression = "!BLAH || DATE_IN_PAST";
}
composite "COMP3" {
expression = "!BLAH || ~DATE_IN_PAST";
}
~~~
When we want to remove a symbol, despite other composites combinations, it is possible to add the prefix `^` to the symbol:
~~~ucl
composite "COMP1" {
expression = "BLAH || !DATE_IN_PAST";
}
composite "COMP2" {
expression = "!BLAH || ^DATE_IN_PAST";
}
composite "COMP3" {
expression = "!BLAH || -DATE_IN_PAST";
}
~~~
In this example `COMP3` wants to save `DATE_IN_PAST` once again, however `COMP2` overrides this and removes `DATE_IN_PAST`.
## Composites with symbol groups
It is possible to include a group of symbols in a composite rule. This effectively means **any** symbol of the specified group:
~~~ucl
composite {
name = "TEST2";
expression = "SYMBOL2 && !g:mua";
}
~~~
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