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<?xml version="1.0" standalone="no"?>
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<!-- $Id$ -->
<!DOCTYPE document PUBLIC "-//APACHE//DTD Documentation V2.0//EN" "document-v20.dtd">
<document>
<header>
<title>PDF/A (ISO 19005)</title>
<version>$Revision: 389563 $</version>
<authors>
<person name="Jeremias Märki" email="jeremias@apache.org"/>
</authors>
</header>
<body>
<section id="overview">
<title>Overview</title>
<warning>
Support for PDF/A is available beginning with version 0.92.
</warning>
<p>
PDF/A is a standard which turns PDF into an "electronic document file
format for long-term preservation". PDF/A-1 is the first part of the
standard and is documented in
<a href="http://www.iso.org/iso/en/CatalogueDetailPage.CatalogueDetail?CSNUMBER=38920&ICS1=37&ICS2=100&ICS3=99">ISO 19005-1:2005(E)</a>.
Work on PDF/A-2 is in progress at
<a href="http://www.aiim.org/standards.asp?ID=25013">AIIM</a>.
</p>
<p>
Design documentation on PDF/A can be found on FOP's Wiki on the
<a href="http://wiki.apache.org/xmlgraphics-fop/PDFA1ConformanceNotes">PDFA1ConformanceNotes</a> page.
</p>
</section>
<section id="status">
<title>Implementation Status</title>
<p>
<strong>PDF/A-1b</strong> is implemented to the degree that FOP supports
the creation of the elements described in ISO 19005-1.
</p>
<p>
Tests have been performed against jHove and Adobe Acrobat 7.0.7 (Preflight function).
FOP does not validate completely against Apago's PDF Appraiser. Reasons unknown due to
lack of a full license to get a detailed error protocol.
</p>
<p>
<strong>PDF/A-1a</strong> is not implemented, yet. This is mostly because of the requirement
for tagged PDF which is not available in FOP, yet.
</p>
</section>
<section id="command-line">
<title>Usage (command line)</title>
<p>
To activate PDF/A-1b from the command-line, specify "-pdfprofile PDF/A-1b"
as a parameter. If there is a violation of one of the validation rules for
PDF/A, an error message is presented and the processing stops.
</p>
</section>
<section id="embedded">
<title>Usage (embedded)</title>
<p>
When FOP is embedded in another Java application you can set a special option
on the renderer options in the user agent to activate the PDF/A-1b profile.
Here's an example:
</p>
<source><![CDATA[
userAgent.getRendererOptions().put("pdf-a-mode", "PDF/A-1b");
Fop fop = fopFactory.newFop(MimeConstants.MIME_PDF, userAgent);
[..]]]></source>
<p>
If one of the validation rules of PDF/A is violated, an PDFConformanceException
(descendant of RuntimeException) is thrown.
</p>
</section>
<section id="rules">
<title>PDF/A in Action</title>
<p>
There are a number of things that must be looked after if you activate a PDF/A
profile. If you receive a PDFConformanceException, have a look at the following
list (not necessarily comprehensive):
</p>
<ul>
<li>
Make sure all (!) fonts are embedded. If you use base 14 fonts (like Helvetica)
you need to obtain a license for them and embed them like any other font.
</li>
<li>
Don't use PDF encryption. PDF/A doesn't allow it.
</li>
<li>
Don't use CMYK images without an ICC color profile. PDF/A doesn't allow mixing
color spaces and FOP currently only properly supports the sRGB color space. Please
note that FOP embeds a standard sRGB ICC profile (sRGB IEC61966-2.1) as the
primary output intent for the PDF if no other output intent has been specified
in the configuration.
</li>
<li>
Don't use non-RGB colors in SVG images. Same issue as with CMYK images.
</li>
<li>
Don't use EPS graphics with fo:external-graphic. Embedding EPS graphics in PDF
is deprecated since PDF 1.4 and prohibited by PDF/A.
</li>
<li>
PDF is forced to version 1.4 if PDF/A-1 is activated.
</li>
<li>
No filter must be specified explicitely for metadata objects. Metadata must be
embedded in clear text so non-PDF-aware applications can extract the XMP metadata.
</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section id="profile-compatibility">
<title>PDF profile compatibility</title>
<p>
The PDF profiles "PDF/X-3:2003" and "PDF/A-1b" are compatible and can both be
activated at the same time.
</p>
</section>
</body>
</document>
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